Materials Today Sustainability最新文献_第5页

Remarkable photocatalytic efficiency, economic analysis and recycling processes of Sn-Zn quantum dots oxides for Reactive Yellow 145 dye removal and real industrial wastewater treatment Sn-Zn量子点氧化物在活性黄145染料脱除及实际工业废水处理中的光催化效率、经济分析及回收工艺

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101265

Hana M. Abumelha , Reem Ghubayra , Zahra H. Alhalafi , Kholood M. Alkhamis , Amnah S. Al Zbedy , Nasser A. Alamrani , Ali Sayqal , Nashwa M. El-Metwaly

The ultrasonic-chemical synthesis of pure tin dioxide quantum dots (SnO₂QDs) and zinc-doped tin dioxide quantum dots (SnO₂QDs/Zn_s) were reported for photocatalytic abatement of Reactive Yellow 145 (RY145) dye and real textile wastewater treatment. Structural characterization confirmed the retention of the rutile SnO₂ phase with quantum-confined crystallite sizes ranging from 7.47 to 9.63 nm, and uniform Zn incorporation without forming segregated ZnO phases at low doping levels, as evidenced by XRD and EDX mapping. Optical analyses revealed tunable bandgap energies from 3.06 eV in undoped SnO₂QDs to 3.51 eV in higher Zn-doped samples. The photocatalytic activity, assessed via degradation kinetics of RY145 under Xenon lamp irradiation, demonstrated a marked improvement for SnO₂QDs/Zn1 (4 % Zn) with a rate constant (k) of 9.92 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹, exceeding the performance of undoped SnO₂QDs1 (k = 6.93 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹) and surpassing SnO₂QDs/Zn2 (6 % Zn) by over 320 %. Notably, the catalysts maintained over 87 % activity after seven recycling cycles in real industrial wastewater, emphasizing operational stability. An economic evaluation revealed a 25.4 % cost reduction for SnO₂QDs/Zn1 relative to SnO₂QDs/Zn2. This investigation underscores the critical role of nanoscale structural engineering and dopant optimization in advancing semiconductor photocatalysts for environmental applications and water treatment technologies.

报道了超声化学合成纯二氧化锡量子点（SnO2QDs）和掺杂锌二氧化锡量子点（SnO2QDs/Zns）用于光催化还原活性黄145 （RY145）染料和实际纺织废水的处理。结构表征证实了金红石型SnO2相的保留，量子限制晶粒尺寸在7.47 ~ 9.63 nm之间，并且在低掺杂水平下，锌的均匀掺入没有形成分离的ZnO相，XRD和EDX作图证实了这一点。光学分析显示，未掺杂SnO2QDs的带隙能量可调，从3.06 eV到高掺杂zn样品的3.51 eV。光催化活动,评估通过降解动力学RY145氙灯照射下,显示出显著改善SnO2QDs / Zn1(4 %锌)的速率常数(k) 9.92 × 10−3 s−1,超过的性能无掺杂SnO2QDs1 (6.93 k =  × 10−3 s−1)和超越SnO2QDs / Zn2(6 %锌)超过320 %。值得注意的是，在实际工业废水中循环使用七次后，催化剂的活性保持在87% %以上，强调了操作的稳定性。经济评估显示，与SnO2QDs/Zn2相比，SnO2QDs/Zn1的成本降低了25.4 %。这项研究强调了纳米结构工程和掺杂剂优化在推进半导体光催化剂环境应用和水处理技术中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of temperature on CO2 corrosion inhibition by black tea extract: A combined experimental and molecular modelling study 温度对红茶提取物CO2缓蚀作用的影响：实验与分子模拟相结合的研究

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101271

Ghada Shaban , Emad H. Bartawi , Martin P. Andersson , Rajan Ambat

The temperature impact on the inhibitory characteristics of black tea extract was examined in a 1 wt.% sodium chloride solution under CO₂ saturation. The evaluations were conducted in solutions with pH 5.5 at 20, 40, and 60 °C. The interaction of black tea extract (BTE) with L80-1Cr carbon steel, focusing on its adsorption and chelation properties, was examined using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), electrochemical measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) modelling. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), computed tomography (CT) scans, focused ion beam (FIB) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were employed to study the morphology and cross-section of the film formed on the steel surface. BTE exhibited significantly improved corrosion inhibition properties with temperature, as a maximum polarization resistance of 800 Ω .cm² and a higher inhibition efficiency of 88 % was observed at 60 °C after 300 h of immersion. Moreover, the inhibition efficiency did not decrease over time; on the contrary, it showed a gradual increase. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that various BTE components have a strong adsorption tendency on the Fe (110) surface and Fe₃C (001), with delphinine presenting the greatest adsorption with −104 kJ/mol and the ability to displace 2 water from the surface. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed a shift to lower wavelengths in peak positions, indicating stronger interactions between BTE molecules and Fe²⁺ ions. Cross-sectional FIB imaging confirmed the formation of Fe²⁺–BTE chelate layers on top of the corrosion products. As the temperature increased, the thickness of this protective layer grew from 215 nm to 406 nm, while the underlying corrosion layer decreased, highlighting improved protection at higher temperatures. 3D and cross-sectional CT showed a smoother surface of the inhibited sample, consistent with the dual action of BTE, adsorption and chelation.

研究了温度对红茶提取物抑菌特性的影响。%氯化钠溶液在CO2饱和下。在pH为5.5 、20、40和60 °C的溶液中进行评估。采用紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）、电化学测量和密度泛函理论（DFT）模型研究了红茶提取物（BTE）与L80-1Cr碳钢的相互作用，重点研究了其吸附和螯合性能。此外，采用扫描电镜（SEM）、计算机断层扫描（CT）、聚焦离子束（FIB）和扫描透射电镜（STEM）对钢表面形成的膜的形貌和截面进行了研究。随着温度的升高，BTE的缓蚀性能显著提高，其最大抗极化能力为800 Ω 。在60 ℃条件下，浸泡300 h后，抑制率高达88 %。此外，抑制效率不随时间而降低；相反，它呈现出逐渐增加的趋势。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算表明，BTE各组分在Fe（110）表面和Fe3C（001）表面均有较强的吸附倾向，其中delphinine的吸附量最大，为−104 kJ/mol，并具有驱替表面水分的能力。紫外可见光谱显示，BTE分子与Fe2+离子之间的相互作用更强。截面FIB成像证实在腐蚀产物顶部形成了Fe2+ -BTE螯合层。随着温度的升高，该保护层的厚度从215 nm增加到406 nm，而下面的腐蚀层则减少，这表明在更高温度下保护效果更好。3D和横断面CT显示，被抑制样品表面光滑，符合BTE吸附和螯合的双重作用。

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引用次数: 0

Graphene and its derivatives based polymer nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding applications: A comprehensive review 石墨烯及其衍生物基聚合物纳米复合材料在电磁干扰屏蔽中的应用综述

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101256

Kalim Deshmukh , Tomáš Kovářík , Mayank Pandey , Priyanka Rani , Vinay Deep Punetha , S.K. Khadheer Pasha , Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni

Over the last two decades, graphene and its derivatives based fascinating materials have been exploited in the synthesis of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) derived from various polymer matrices including elastomers, thermoplastics, thermosets, biopolymers, and conducting polymers have been extensively demonstrated. This review provides an in-depth discussion of the recent developments and perspectives of graphene-derived multifunctional PNCs for application in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding devices. In the first part of the review, the synthesis routes of graphene and its derivatives have been discussed in detail. Later, different processing methods of graphene-derived PNCs have also been discussed. Furthermore, the review discusses the primary EMI shielding mechanism and key parameters that define the EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of graphene-based PNCs. Besides, the review also highlights key parameters such as the type of polymer matrix, nanofiller type and concentration, sample thickness, and grain size that need to be considered for advancing the EMI shielding properties of PNCs. Finally, the review provides insight into the factors influencing the EMI SE values of PNCs and discusses the challenges and future perspectives for developing a new generation of shielding materials.

在过去的二十年里，石墨烯及其衍生物已经被广泛应用于合成多功能聚合物纳米复合材料（pnc），这些复合材料来源于各种聚合物基体，包括弹性体、热塑性塑料、热固性聚合物、生物聚合物和导电聚合物。本文综述了石墨烯衍生的多功能pnc在电磁干扰（EMI）屏蔽器件中的应用的最新进展和前景。第一部分对石墨烯及其衍生物的合成路线进行了详细的讨论。随后，讨论了石墨烯衍生pnc的不同加工方法。此外，本文还讨论了石墨烯基pnc屏蔽电磁干扰的主要机理和决定其屏蔽效能的关键参数。此外，综述还强调了提高pnc的电磁干扰屏蔽性能需要考虑的关键参数，如聚合物基体类型、纳米填料类型和浓度、样品厚度和晶粒尺寸。最后，本文深入分析了影响pnc电磁干扰SE值的因素，并讨论了开发新一代屏蔽材料的挑战和未来前景。

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引用次数: 0

Green synthesis of relevant and sustainable bio-applications of few-layer graphene: A multi-faceted review and future perspectives 绿色合成相关和可持续的生物应用的少层石墨烯：一个多方面的回顾和未来展望

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101259

Rehan M. El-Shabasy , Ahmed Zayed , Mohamed A. Farag , Kamel R. Shoueir

Graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have gained remarkable attention owing to their outstanding physicochemical characteristics and versatile functional properties. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview that integrates graphene production, comparing chemical versus green synthesis routes from waste materials, with a discussion of their potential health-related applications. Top-down and bottom-up synthetic approaches, along with several industrial routes, are discussed. The bottom-up method remains the most efficient for high-quality graphene production; however, scale-up limitations, batch-to-batch variability, and cost-effective industrial scalability continue to represent major research challenges. Sustainability metrics (E-factor, energy consumption, and solvent footprint) are essential for a complete evaluation of few-layer graphene (FLG) synthesis routes. Increasing global focus has shifted toward sustainable, eco-friendly production routes. In this context, the upcycling of plastic waste into value-added products such as graphene represents a promising and environmentally sound strategy for large-scale production. FLG and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have demonstrated considerable potential in biomedical applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensing, bioimaging, antiviral, and anticancer therapy. However, these applications are largely preclinical, and translation to clinical practice remains limited by variability in material quality, incomplete long-term toxicity and immunogenicity data, and challenges in achieving scalable, GMP-compliant production. The global graphene market is also reviewed, revealing that most commercially available graphene-based materials are applied in energy storage, electronics, and sports composites, whereas biomedical applications remain underrepresented. Addressing these translational barriers through standardized synthesis, thorough safety evaluation, and regulatory harmonization will be essential to fully realize the biomedical potential of graphene, and future research should focus on scalable green production, detailed in vivo safety studies, and clinical translation of graphene-based therapeutics.

石墨烯和石墨烯基纳米材料因其优异的物理化学特性和多功能的功能特性而备受关注。本综述旨在全面概述石墨烯的生产，比较从废物中化学合成和绿色合成的路线，并讨论其潜在的健康相关应用。讨论了自顶向下和自底向上的综合方法，以及几种工业路线。自下而上的方法仍然是生产高质量石墨烯的最有效方法；然而，规模限制、批对批的可变性和经济高效的工业可扩展性仍然是主要的研究挑战。可持续性指标（e因子、能源消耗和溶剂足迹）对于完整评估少层石墨烯（FLG）合成路线至关重要。越来越多的全球焦点转向可持续、环保的生产路线。在这种情况下，将塑料废物升级为石墨烯等增值产品代表了一种有前景且环保的大规模生产战略。FLG和石墨烯量子点（GQDs）在生物医学应用方面显示出相当大的潜力，包括药物输送、组织工程、生物传感、生物成像、抗病毒和抗癌治疗。然而，这些应用在很大程度上是临床前的，并且转化为临床实践仍然受到材料质量变化，不完整的长期毒性和免疫原性数据以及实现可扩展，符合gmp生产的挑战的限制。全球石墨烯市场也进行了回顾，揭示了大多数商业上可用的石墨烯基材料应用于储能，电子和运动复合材料，而生物医学应用仍然代表性不足。通过标准化合成、全面的安全性评估和监管协调来解决这些转化障碍对于充分实现石墨烯的生物医学潜力至关重要，未来的研究应侧重于可扩展的绿色生产、详细的体内安全性研究和基于石墨烯的治疗方法的临床转化。

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引用次数: 0

Transition metal based spinel ferrites: a review 过渡金属基尖晶石铁素体研究进展

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101252

Md Naimur Rahman, Md Alamgir Hossain

Ferrite materials have attracted significant attention due to their tunable structural and magnetic properties, making them highly promising for modern technological applications. Transition metals play a crucial role in spinel ferrites, serving either as dopants or as primary divalent cations, and thus strongly influence their performance. Despite extensive studies, a systematic framework that links transition-metal incorporation to magnetic applications using modern synthesis methods and combined structural and magnetic property analysis is still limited. This review highlights several modern synthesis methodologies and emphasizes the relationship between structural and magnetic properties of transition-metal spinel ferrites, drawing insights from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Structural parameters, such as lattice constant, crystallite size, dislocation density, unit cell volume, and hopping length, provide insight into structural stability, bond geometry, and structural ordering. Similarly, magnetic parameters, including remanent and saturation magnetization, squareness ratio, coercivity, magnetic moment, and anisotropy, reflect domain stability, magnetic domain structure, and magnetic ordering. Reduced structural stability and altered bond geometry generally favor soft magnetic states (superparamagnetic, paramagnetic, diamagnetic, antiferromagnetic), whereas enhanced stability supports hard magnetic states (ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic). Notably, transition-metal doping improves both structural and magnetic properties, broadening the potential of spinel ferrites for next-generation technological applications.

铁氧体材料由于其可调的结构和磁性能而备受关注，在现代技术应用中具有很大的应用前景。过渡金属在尖晶石铁素体中起着至关重要的作用，既可以作为掺杂剂，也可以作为原生二价阳离子，从而强烈影响尖晶石铁素体的性能。尽管进行了广泛的研究，但使用现代合成方法和结合结构和磁性能分析将过渡金属结合与磁性应用联系起来的系统框架仍然有限。本文综述了几种现代合成方法，强调了过渡金属尖晶石铁氧体的结构和磁性能之间的关系，并从x射线衍射（XRD）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）中获得了新的见解。结构参数，如晶格常数、晶体尺寸、位错密度、单元胞体积和跳跃长度，提供了对结构稳定性、键几何形状和结构有序的洞察。同样，磁性参数，包括剩余磁化强度和饱和磁化强度、方形比、矫顽力、磁矩和各向异性，反映了磁畴稳定性、磁畴结构和磁有序性。结构稳定性降低和键的几何形状改变通常有利于软磁状态（超顺磁、顺磁、抗磁、反铁磁），而稳定性增强则有利于硬磁状态（铁磁、亚铁磁）。值得注意的是，过渡金属掺杂改善了尖晶石铁氧体的结构和磁性能，扩大了尖晶石铁氧体在下一代技术应用中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Improving NiSe2 HER performance by controlling crystallinity and stabilizing embedded selenium 通过控制结晶度和稳定嵌入硒来改善NiSe2 HER性能

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101248

Manuel A. Ramirez-Ubillus , Yuen Yee Li Sip , Zakariya Mohayman , Akihiro Kushima , Yang Yang , Lei Zhai

Nickel diselenide (NiSe₂), a promising catalyst for hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs), can be synthesized through a simple chemical reduction method. However, low-temperature synthesis produces secondary crystalline phases, such as Ni_1.7Se₂, which diminish catalytic efficiency. This study introduces a post-reduction method to create a stable NiSe₂/Se heterostructure and examines how crystal structure and selenium content affect electrocatalytic properties. The synthesized products were washed with chloroform and thermally annealed, resulting in NiSe₂/Se heterostructure crystals. The catalytic performance was assessed at 10 mA/cm², achieving an overpotential of 202 mV and a Tafel slope of 25.3 mV/dec. The enhanced performance is linked to the high-order crystal of NiSe₂ and the presence of selenium, as confirmed by XRD, SAED-TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The selenium improves carrier densities and charge transfer efficiency. Furthermore, NiSe₂/Se with lower selenium content retained their initial performance over 21 h which highlights their stability under HER conditions.

二硒化镍（nis2）是一种很有前途的析氢反应催化剂，可以通过简单的化学还原法合成。然而，低温合成会产生Ni1.7Se2等二次晶相，降低了催化效率。本研究引入了一种后还原方法来创建稳定的nis2 /Se异质结构，并研究了晶体结构和硒含量对电催化性能的影响。合成产物经氯仿洗涤和热退火，得到了nis2 /Se异质结构晶体。催化性能在10 mA/cm2下评估，过电位为202 mV，塔菲尔斜率为25.3 mV/dec。通过XRD、SAED-TEM和拉曼光谱分析证实，这种增强的性能与nis2的高阶晶体和硒的存在有关。硒提高了载流子密度和电荷转移效率。此外，低硒含量的NiSe2/Se在21 h以上仍保持其初始性能，这表明其在HER条件下的稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

Overcoming the SnO2 bottleneck in perovskite solar cells: Strategies for enhancing efficiency and stability 克服钙钛矿太阳能电池SnO2瓶颈：提高效率和稳定性的策略

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101253

Qamar Wali , It Ee Lee , Teong Chee Chuah , Rajan Jose

Charge transport layers, which selectively transport electrons and holes, are critical to the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Tin oxide (SnO₂) possesses distinctive advantages over the frequently used titanium dioxide (TiO₂) as an electron transport layer (ETL), supporting superior photovoltaic conversion efficiency and operational stability in PSCs. Nevertheless, state-of-the-art PSCs incorporating TiO₂ ETLs still demonstrate marginally superior practical performance, highlighting the need to address the limitations of SnO₂ to unlock its full potential. In this review, we examine PSCs employing SnO₂ ETLs with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 24 %, identifying their common characteristics and limitations. We critically analyze various strategies adopted in high-efficiency PSCs, including buried interfaces, self-assembled molecules, organic ligands, molecular bridging, and solvent engineering, and highlight the major challenges associated with SnO₂ ETLs from the perspective of scalability and commercialization.

电荷传输层选择性地传输电子和空穴，对钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）的性能和稳定性至关重要。与常用的二氧化钛（TiO2）相比，氧化锡（SnO2）作为电子传输层（ETL）具有明显的优势，支持psc中优越的光伏转换效率和运行稳定性。然而，最先进的包含TiO2 etl的psc仍然表现出略微优越的实际性能，突出了解决SnO2的局限性以释放其全部潜力的必要性。在这篇综述中，我们研究了使用功率转换效率（pce）超过24% %的SnO2 etl的psc，确定了它们的共同特征和局限性。我们批判性地分析了高效PSCs采用的各种策略，包括埋藏界面、自组装分子、有机配体、分子桥接和溶剂工程，并从可扩展性和商业化的角度强调了SnO2 etl相关的主要挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced stability and performance of LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathodes via vanadium-doped polyoxometalate coating 通过掺钒多金属氧酸盐涂层提高了LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2阴极的稳定性和性能

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101249

Nafiseh Bolghanabadi , Arcangelo Celeste , Sergio Brutti , Sayed Khatiboleslam Sadrnezhaad , Abdolreza Simchi

Nickel-rich layered cathodes, such as LiNi_0.8Mn_0.1Co_0.1O₂ (NMC811), offer high specific capacity and energy density but suffer from surface instability, cation mixing, and side reactions at the electrode-electrolyte interface. These issues lead to structural degradation, capacity fading, and reduced cyclic stability in lithium-ion batteries. In this study, we propose a strategy to engineer the interface of NMC811 cathodes with an ultrathin 3D-network vanadium-doped polyoxometalate (PMV) shell, synthesized via a facile wet chemical method, to enhance their electrochemical performance and cyclic stability. Structural characterizations reveal that the uniform PMV coating (thickness around 30–50 nm) preserve the crystal structure of NMC811 while enhancing the stability of the electrode-electrolyte interface and improving lithium-ion diffusion. Electrochemical studies determine that the PMV-coated cathodes achieve a superior initial discharge capacity of 217 mAh g⁻¹, compared to 175 mAh g⁻¹ for the uncoated NMC811 (at 0.1C). The rate capability of the PMV-coated cathode is also enhanced to gain a specific capacity of 87.4 mAh g⁻¹ at 5C, which significantly outperform the uncoated cathode. Detailed investigations indicate that the coating minimizes particle cracking and voltage fading, thus contributing to improved long-term performance and cyclic stability. Applying this ultrathin, ion-conductive PMV coating highlights a viable path for optimizing nickel-rich cathodes.

富镍层状阴极，如LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811)，具有较高的比容量和能量密度，但存在表面不稳定、阳离子混合和电极-电解质界面副反应等问题。这些问题导致锂离子电池的结构退化、容量衰减和循环稳定性降低。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种通过易湿化学方法合成的超薄3d网络掺钒多金属氧酸盐（PMV）外壳来设计NMC811阴极界面的策略，以提高其电化学性能和循环稳定性。结构表征表明，均匀的PMV涂层（厚度约为30-50 nm）在保持NMC811晶体结构的同时，增强了电极-电解质界面的稳定性，改善了锂离子的扩散。电化学研究表明，pmv涂层阴极的初始放电容量为217 mAh g - 1，而未涂层的NMC811 （0.1C）的初始放电容量为175 mAh g - 1。pmv涂层阴极的倍率能力也得到了增强，在5C时获得了87.4 mAh g−1的比容量，显著优于未涂层阴极。详细的研究表明，涂层最大限度地减少了颗粒裂纹和电压褪色，从而有助于提高长期性能和循环稳定性。应用这种超薄、离子导电的PMV涂层突出了优化富镍阴极的可行途径。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in nanocatalysts for biofuel production: Mechanisms, performance, and future perspectives 生物燃料生产纳米催化剂的进展：机制、性能和未来展望

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101246

Sherif Ishola Mustapha , Ifeanyi Michael Smarte Anekwe , Kabiru Bab Muritala , Yusuf Makarfi Isa

The global pursuit of sustainable and low-carbon energy solutions has intensified research into biofuels as viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Yet, conventional catalytic processes often suffer from limitations such as low conversion efficiency, poor selectivity, and limited catalyst recyclability. Recent advances in nanotechnology have introduced nanocatalysts as powerful tools to overcome these barriers, owing to their high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable physicochemical properties, and superior catalytic performance. This review critically examines the application of nanocatalysts in major biofuel production routes, including transesterification, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrolysis, fermentation, and steam reforming. The roles of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, magnetic nanocomposites, zeolites, and bimetallic or multimetallic systems are comprehensively discussed in terms of catalytic mechanisms, yield enhancement, and reusability. The comparative advantages of nanocatalysts over traditional systems, particularly in reaction kinetics, thermal stability, and adaptability to diverse feedstocks, are emphasized. Furthermore, the review explores emerging strategies such as green synthesis methods, hybrid nanostructures, and integration into circular biorefinery platforms. Key challenges, including nanoparticle agglomeration, scalability, and long-term stability, are also outlined. By consolidating current advancements and identifying future research directions, this article highlights the transformative potential of nanocatalysts in improving biofuel productivity, process economics, and environmental sustainability, ultimately supporting the global transition toward renewable energy systems.

全球对可持续和低碳能源解决方案的追求，加强了对生物燃料作为化石燃料可行替代品的研究。然而，传统的催化工艺往往存在转化效率低、选择性差、催化剂可回收性有限等局限性。纳米技术的最新进展使纳米催化剂成为克服这些障碍的有力工具，因为它们具有高的表面体积比、可调的物理化学性质和优越的催化性能。本文综述了纳米催化剂在生物燃料生产中的主要应用，包括酯交换、热解、水热液化、加氢脱氧、水解、发酵和蒸汽重整。本文从催化机理、产率提高和可重复利用等方面全面讨论了金属和金属氧化物纳米颗粒、碳基纳米材料、磁性纳米复合材料、沸石和双金属或多金属体系的作用。纳米催化剂相对于传统系统的优势，特别是在反应动力学、热稳定性和对不同原料的适应性方面，被强调。此外，本文还探讨了新兴的策略，如绿色合成方法、混合纳米结构和融入循环生物炼制平台。关键的挑战，包括纳米颗粒团聚，可扩展性和长期稳定性，也概述。通过巩固目前的进展和确定未来的研究方向，本文强调了纳米催化剂在提高生物燃料生产率、过程经济性和环境可持续性方面的变革潜力，最终支持全球向可再生能源系统的过渡。

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引用次数: 0

Demonstrating circularity in thermal spraying: Converting waste to wealth 展示热喷涂的循环性：变废为宝

IF 7.9 3区材料科学 Q1 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Materials Today Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101251

Rahul Jude Alroy , Stefan Björklund , Radek Mušálek , František Lukáč , Vasanth Gopal , Peter Kjeldsteen , Olav Norheim , Shrikant Joshi

Typically, 40–60 % of the injected powder feedstock in most thermal spray processes ends up as overspray waste and is a prominent technology drawback. This unutilized powder not only represents significant raw material loss but also poses disposal challenges. This study examines the prospect of the possible reuse of overspray waste that can considerably enhance the sustainability of thermal spray processes. Overspray waste from high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) spraying of a WC-20Cr₃C₂-7Ni powder from an industrial spray shop was systematically collected and characterized for morphology, particle size distribution, and phase composition. This overspray powder was considered for reuse as feedstock for both HVOF and high velocity air fuel (HVAF) spraying. The resulting coatings were evaluated for microstructure, phase constitution, hardness and wear performance, and their characteristics were compared with coatings produced from virgin powder deposited via HVOF and HVAF. The results were noted to be extremely encouraging, with HVAF coatings using HVOF overspray outperforming HVOF coatings with virgin powder feedstock, making a strong case to investigate further possibilities to gainfully utilize thermal spray waste from varied sources. Considering that tungsten and chromium are critical raw materials, with tungsten bearing a particularly high carbon footprint, this study also quantitatively assesses the sustainability benefits of reusing the overspray powder. This illustrative exercise reveals a reduction in energy consumption and CO₂ emissions by a factor of two to three, along with a three-to-fivefold reduction in production costs.

通常，在大多数热喷涂过程中，40-60 %的注入粉末原料最终成为过度喷涂废物，这是一个突出的技术缺点。这些未被利用的粉末不仅代表了巨大的原材料损失，而且带来了处理挑战。本研究探讨了可能重复使用的过度喷雾废物的前景，可以大大提高热喷涂过程的可持续性。系统收集了某工业喷涂车间对WC-20Cr3C2-7Ni粉末进行高速氧燃料（HVOF）喷涂后的过喷废弃物，并对其形貌、粒度分布和相组成进行了表征。这种过度喷雾粉末被认为可以作为HVOF和高速空气燃料（HVAF）喷涂的原料。对制备的涂层进行了显微组织、相组成、硬度和磨损性能的评价，并与HVOF和HVAF制备的涂层进行了比较。结果非常令人鼓舞，使用HVOF过度喷涂的HVOF涂层的性能优于使用原始粉末原料的HVOF涂层，这为进一步研究各种来源的热喷涂废料的有效利用可能性提供了强有力的理由。考虑到钨和铬是关键的原材料，钨的碳足迹特别高，本研究还定量评估了重复使用过度喷涂粉末的可持续性效益。这个说明性的练习揭示了能源消耗和二氧化碳排放量减少了2到3倍，同时生产成本降低了3到5倍。

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