Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_508_23
Saad Aljubory
Background: Atresia of posterior nares (choana) is a congenital condition in which the posterior nares fail to develop either bilaterally or unilaterally. Objectives: The aim of this article is to show different methods of diagnosis and surgical procedures used for management in our department. Materials and Methods: In this study, 21 patients were included. It is a retrospective study form. The confirmation of the diagnosis is by failure of 6–8-F tube catheter to pass; CT scan of posterior choana shows the type and thickening of atretic plate (cartilage or bone), and endoscopic examination confirms it. Results: Female patients were 15, whereas male patients were 6. Age range was from 1 day to 25 years. All of the patients were within the pediatric age group except one adult patient. Unilateral cases were found in 14 patients, while 7 patients had bilateral atresia. Bilateral atresia was presented within early day life (1–3 days). They were five females and two males. The unilateral cases diagnose at a later life period (4–25 years). There were 4 males and 10 females. Proved by CT scan, mixed bony and membranous atresia were in 18 patients, bony atresia was in 3 patients, and there was no pure membranous atresia. Thirteen of the unilateral cases involved right side, while only one case had left-side atresia (7.6%). Three cases of bilateral atresia had other congenital anomalies (14%). Ten patients were treated by nonendoscopic (transnasal) surgical approach (five of them had bilateral and unilateral atresia, respectively). Endoscopic trans-septal approach was done in two patients, both had bilateral atresia. Nine patients were treated by transnasal endoscopic method. Stent was used in 13 patients postoperatively for 4–6 weeks. Two patients required revision surgery for restenosis. Conclusion: Endoscopic transnasal approach is the proper way in the surgical treatment of atresia because it is more accurate, under surgeon vision, less invasive with less morbidity in spite of longer time to perform.
{"title":"Congenital atresia of posterior nares: Diagnosis and treatment at Hilla, Iraq","authors":"Saad Aljubory","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_508_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_508_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Atresia of posterior nares (choana) is a congenital condition in which the posterior nares fail to develop either bilaterally or unilaterally. Objectives: The aim of this article is to show different methods of diagnosis and surgical procedures used for management in our department. Materials and Methods: In this study, 21 patients were included. It is a retrospective study form. The confirmation of the diagnosis is by failure of 6–8-F tube catheter to pass; CT scan of posterior choana shows the type and thickening of atretic plate (cartilage or bone), and endoscopic examination confirms it. Results: Female patients were 15, whereas male patients were 6. Age range was from 1 day to 25 years. All of the patients were within the pediatric age group except one adult patient. Unilateral cases were found in 14 patients, while 7 patients had bilateral atresia. Bilateral atresia was presented within early day life (1–3 days). They were five females and two males. The unilateral cases diagnose at a later life period (4–25 years). There were 4 males and 10 females. Proved by CT scan, mixed bony and membranous atresia were in 18 patients, bony atresia was in 3 patients, and there was no pure membranous atresia. Thirteen of the unilateral cases involved right side, while only one case had left-side atresia (7.6%). Three cases of bilateral atresia had other congenital anomalies (14%). Ten patients were treated by nonendoscopic (transnasal) surgical approach (five of them had bilateral and unilateral atresia, respectively). Endoscopic trans-septal approach was done in two patients, both had bilateral atresia. Nine patients were treated by transnasal endoscopic method. Stent was used in 13 patients postoperatively for 4–6 weeks. Two patients required revision surgery for restenosis. Conclusion: Endoscopic transnasal approach is the proper way in the surgical treatment of atresia because it is more accurate, under surgeon vision, less invasive with less morbidity in spite of longer time to perform.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"10 1","pages":"589 - 594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_456_23
Amal Al Sa’ady, B. Almjalawi
Background: In Iraq, first confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported in February 24, 2020. Because of applying of healthy quarantine, electronic learning was applied in order to prevent the potential spreading of COVID-19 in the educational institutions, using of mobile phone and computer increased and given a great opportunity for increasing the microbial contamination. Aims: Study effect of excessive use of e-learning and disinfectants on the bacterial contamination of mobile phones and keyboards during the Corona epidemic. Methods and Materials: 200 samples were collected from computer keyboards and mobile phones used for E-learning by undergraduate students in college of Pharmacy/University of Babylon, Iraq for the period from 1st April–15th June 2021, during COVID-19 pandemic. Isolates were diagnosed by VITEK 2 system. Agar-well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of some disinfectants included sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (5% (, ethanol 70%, ethanol 99%, chlorhexidine gluconate 4% w/v, and chloroxylenol 4.8 w/v. Results: 308 isolates were obtained included 183 isolates from mobile phones and 125 isolates from computer keyboards. Antibacterial activity was varied depending on bacterial isolates, type and concentration of disinfectant. Sodium hypochlorite 5% revealed highest antibacterial activity against all studied bacteria followed by ethanol 70% and chlorhexidine gluconate 4% w/v, whereas chloroxylenol 4.8 w/v and ethanol 99% have the lowest activity. Conclusions: In light of the world’s preoccupation with the Corona pandemic, the use of mobile phones and computers for the purpose of e-learning increased, which caused an increase in bacterial contamination of these devices, which required drawing attention to this aspect.
{"title":"Effect of prevalence of e-learning and excessive use of disinfectants to bacterial contamination of mobile phones and computer keyboards during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Amal Al Sa’ady, B. Almjalawi","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_456_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_456_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Iraq, first confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported in February 24, 2020. Because of applying of healthy quarantine, electronic learning was applied in order to prevent the potential spreading of COVID-19 in the educational institutions, using of mobile phone and computer increased and given a great opportunity for increasing the microbial contamination. Aims: Study effect of excessive use of e-learning and disinfectants on the bacterial contamination of mobile phones and keyboards during the Corona epidemic. Methods and Materials: 200 samples were collected from computer keyboards and mobile phones used for E-learning by undergraduate students in college of Pharmacy/University of Babylon, Iraq for the period from 1st April–15th June 2021, during COVID-19 pandemic. Isolates were diagnosed by VITEK 2 system. Agar-well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of some disinfectants included sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (5% (, ethanol 70%, ethanol 99%, chlorhexidine gluconate 4% w/v, and chloroxylenol 4.8 w/v. Results: 308 isolates were obtained included 183 isolates from mobile phones and 125 isolates from computer keyboards. Antibacterial activity was varied depending on bacterial isolates, type and concentration of disinfectant. Sodium hypochlorite 5% revealed highest antibacterial activity against all studied bacteria followed by ethanol 70% and chlorhexidine gluconate 4% w/v, whereas chloroxylenol 4.8 w/v and ethanol 99% have the lowest activity. Conclusions: In light of the world’s preoccupation with the Corona pandemic, the use of mobile phones and computers for the purpose of e-learning increased, which caused an increase in bacterial contamination of these devices, which required drawing attention to this aspect.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"74 1","pages":"580 - 588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bashaer Al fatlah, Ilham Bunyan, Rafid Al Husseini
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs encoded by the genome that regulate the production of cellular mRNAs that include either incomplete or complete miRNA-binding sites. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of sRNA (As1974) and HFq-binding proteins on the expression of resistance gene and host miRNA (miR-30C) in Iraqi urinary tract infections (UTIs) patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: Patients with UTIs from Baghdad, Iraq’s Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Ghazi Hariri Hospital, Central Laboratories in Medical City, and Al-Yarmouk Hospital were recruited during June 2022 and October 2022 to provide 200 clinical samples. Results: Out of 200 patients with UTIs, only 56 (38.14%) were diagnosed as P. aeruginosa from positive urine samples. Urine samples were analyzed for HFQ gene expression, and the results showed that HFQ is overexpressed in P. aeruginosa-resistant samples compared to sensitive clinical samples, as measured by fold change after normalization with housekeeping gene 16sRNA by folding (21.4971.241 vs. 1.92142 0.04598). Furthermore, normalization of As1974 gene expression in urine samples using 16sRNA revealed a downregulation of As1974 in resistance, with a fold change of 0.66220.0465 versus 2.0121.0243. The miR-30 gene was shown to be downregulated in urine and blood samples (1.360.34, 0.478210.03678) as compared to those of healthy subjects. Conclusions: All ages were susceptible to the UTIs, also females suffered from UTIs more than males. A significant over expression of HFQ-binding protein in P. aeruginosa compared to sensitive clinical samples. Downregulation of As1974 in resistance.
{"title":"Effect of small-interfering RNA (As1974) and HFq-binding proteins on resistance gene and host microRNA (miR-30C) expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected patients from Iraq","authors":"Bashaer Al fatlah, Ilham Bunyan, Rafid Al Husseini","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_9_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_9_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs encoded by the genome that regulate the production of cellular mRNAs that include either incomplete or complete miRNA-binding sites. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of sRNA (As1974) and HFq-binding proteins on the expression of resistance gene and host miRNA (miR-30C) in Iraqi urinary tract infections (UTIs) patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and Methods: Patients with UTIs from Baghdad, Iraq’s Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Ghazi Hariri Hospital, Central Laboratories in Medical City, and Al-Yarmouk Hospital were recruited during June 2022 and October 2022 to provide 200 clinical samples. Results: Out of 200 patients with UTIs, only 56 (38.14%) were diagnosed as P. aeruginosa from positive urine samples. Urine samples were analyzed for HFQ gene expression, and the results showed that HFQ is overexpressed in P. aeruginosa-resistant samples compared to sensitive clinical samples, as measured by fold change after normalization with housekeeping gene 16sRNA by folding (21.4971.241 vs. 1.92142 0.04598). Furthermore, normalization of As1974 gene expression in urine samples using 16sRNA revealed a downregulation of As1974 in resistance, with a fold change of 0.66220.0465 versus 2.0121.0243. The miR-30 gene was shown to be downregulated in urine and blood samples (1.360.34, 0.478210.03678) as compared to those of healthy subjects. Conclusions: All ages were susceptible to the UTIs, also females suffered from UTIs more than males. A significant over expression of HFQ-binding protein in P. aeruginosa compared to sensitive clinical samples. Downregulation of As1974 in resistance.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"6 1","pages":"469 - 476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_289_23
Arqam Khalid, Dildar Musa, Sabah Mohammed
Background: Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a routine surgery performed daily in surgical settings. Objectives: In this prospective study, we aimed to explore the rate of complications in patients who underwent LC as a day-case surgery and discharged at an early stage (8–12 h postoperatively). In addition, the degree of symptom resolution and safety, and feasibility of the LC were examined accordingly. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 150 patients who underwent LC between October 2021 and October 2022 who attended surgery department of Azadi teaching hospital in Duhok were included. The general and medical characteristics of patients were obtained from their medical records. The surgical site infection was recorded through a standardized questionnaire. Results: The patients were predominately females (95, 63.3%) and had American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification I (110, 73.3%) aged between 18 and 65 years. The study found that 95% of patients were discharged within the first 8–10 h postoperatively. The rate of readmission was found among 5.3% (n = 8). The complication rate was 8% (n = 12. The surgical site infection rate was 6% (n = 6). The combined complication rate was 8% (n = 12). The complete resolution of symptoms was found among 80% of patients. Among 4% of the patients who had residual symptoms, 10% had abdominal discomfort, 4% had reflux symptoms, and 2% reported diarrhea. The satisfaction rate was 97.3%. There was a statistically significant difference between admitted and re-admitted patients regarding gall bladder perforation, conversion to open surgery and overnight hospital stay (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that the LC is a safe surgical technique because the rate of complications were low and most of them were minor and managed appropriately, we also concluded that LC is a safe day-case surgery with low readmission rate and high patients satisfaction, overall it will decrease the hospital burden and bed occupancy rate.
{"title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy as a day-case surgery in Azadi Teaching Hospital, Duhok","authors":"Arqam Khalid, Dildar Musa, Sabah Mohammed","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_289_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_289_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a routine surgery performed daily in surgical settings. Objectives: In this prospective study, we aimed to explore the rate of complications in patients who underwent LC as a day-case surgery and discharged at an early stage (8–12 h postoperatively). In addition, the degree of symptom resolution and safety, and feasibility of the LC were examined accordingly. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 150 patients who underwent LC between October 2021 and October 2022 who attended surgery department of Azadi teaching hospital in Duhok were included. The general and medical characteristics of patients were obtained from their medical records. The surgical site infection was recorded through a standardized questionnaire. Results: The patients were predominately females (95, 63.3%) and had American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification I (110, 73.3%) aged between 18 and 65 years. The study found that 95% of patients were discharged within the first 8–10 h postoperatively. The rate of readmission was found among 5.3% (n = 8). The complication rate was 8% (n = 12. The surgical site infection rate was 6% (n = 6). The combined complication rate was 8% (n = 12). The complete resolution of symptoms was found among 80% of patients. Among 4% of the patients who had residual symptoms, 10% had abdominal discomfort, 4% had reflux symptoms, and 2% reported diarrhea. The satisfaction rate was 97.3%. There was a statistically significant difference between admitted and re-admitted patients regarding gall bladder perforation, conversion to open surgery and overnight hospital stay (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study shows that the LC is a safe surgical technique because the rate of complications were low and most of them were minor and managed appropriately, we also concluded that LC is a safe day-case surgery with low readmission rate and high patients satisfaction, overall it will decrease the hospital burden and bed occupancy rate.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"41 1","pages":"531 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_471_23
Zahid M. Kadhim, B. Edan
Background: Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow is a common presenting disorder in neuromuscular medicine. Patients suffer from paresthesia in the 4/5 finger, pain at the elbow, and weakness and atrophy in advanced cases. Objective: This study aimed to find the incidence of ulnar nerve subluxation in patients with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study conducted in Al-Sadiq teaching hospital at the period of January 2018–August 2022. It included 84 patients diagnosed with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow by history, clinical examination and electrodiagnostic testing. All patients and control undergo ultrasonographic examination by high-resolution ultrasound looking for ulnar nerve cross-sectional area at 3 points: (1) 7 cm proximal to medial epicondyle, (2) at the medial epicondyle, and (3) at the cubital tunnel 2-3 cm distal to medial epicondyle. Also, dynamic ultrasonographic examination were done looking for subluxation of ulnar nerve behind medial epicondyle during elbow flexion. If ulnar nerve move on the top of medial epicondyle it is considered partial and when it dislocates anteriorly beyond the tip of medial epicondyle it is considered complete subluxation.
{"title":"The incidence of ulnar nerve subluxation in patients with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow and healthy control: A clinical, electrodiagnostic, and ultrasonographic study","authors":"Zahid M. Kadhim, B. Edan","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_471_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_471_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow is a common presenting disorder in neuromuscular medicine. Patients suffer from paresthesia in the 4/5 finger, pain at the elbow, and weakness and atrophy in advanced cases. Objective: This study aimed to find the incidence of ulnar nerve subluxation in patients with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study conducted in Al-Sadiq teaching hospital at the period of January 2018–August 2022. It included 84 patients diagnosed with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow by history, clinical examination and electrodiagnostic testing. All patients and control undergo ultrasonographic examination by high-resolution ultrasound looking for ulnar nerve cross-sectional area at 3 points: (1) 7 cm proximal to medial epicondyle, (2) at the medial epicondyle, and (3) at the cubital tunnel 2-3 cm distal to medial epicondyle. Also, dynamic ultrasonographic examination were done looking for subluxation of ulnar nerve behind medial epicondyle during elbow flexion. If ulnar nerve move on the top of medial epicondyle it is considered partial and when it dislocates anteriorly beyond the tip of medial epicondyle it is considered complete subluxation.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"13 1","pages":"477 - 480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory noncommunicable and multifactorial diseases. Objectives: The present study was aimed to detect the effect of systemic antibiotics as disjunctive to nonsurgical treatment of generalized periodontitis (grade I and grade II) on the bacterial count and clinical periodontal parameters. Materials and Methods: Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 40 patients with generalized periodontitis, 20 patients were treated with scaling and root planning only, and 20 patients were treated with a combination of ciprofloxacin 500 mg and metronidazole 500 mg with scaling and root planning. Moreover, 20 samples were collected from healthy patients as a control group. Specific periodontal pathogen genes for Tannerella forsythia (BspA, CIpB genes) were identified using real time polymerase reaction (RT-PCR). Results: In this study, 120 samples were detected for the presence of T. forsythia by RT-PCR technique, and the specific ClpB, and BspA primers’ genes were used for the amplification of a fragment of these genes for the identification of T. forsythia. The results showed that the presence of ClpB and BspA in all (100%). BspA and ClpB showed a decrease but non-significant differences before and after treatment, whereas the periodontal parameter, probing pocket depth, plaque score, and bleeding on probing showed a significant decrease after treatment except clinical attachment lose showing a non-significant difference. Conclusion: Clinical treatment (scaling and root planning) is often helpful in the treatment of generalized periodontal disease (grade I and grade II) without the need for antimicrobial therapy as soon as possible.
{"title":"Impact of nonsurgical and antibiotics treatment on periodontitis","authors":"Azhar Imran, Z. Al-Talib, Fatima Malik","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_99_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_99_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory noncommunicable and multifactorial diseases. Objectives: The present study was aimed to detect the effect of systemic antibiotics as disjunctive to nonsurgical treatment of generalized periodontitis (grade I and grade II) on the bacterial count and clinical periodontal parameters. Materials and Methods: Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 40 patients with generalized periodontitis, 20 patients were treated with scaling and root planning only, and 20 patients were treated with a combination of ciprofloxacin 500 mg and metronidazole 500 mg with scaling and root planning. Moreover, 20 samples were collected from healthy patients as a control group. Specific periodontal pathogen genes for Tannerella forsythia (BspA, CIpB genes) were identified using real time polymerase reaction (RT-PCR). Results: In this study, 120 samples were detected for the presence of T. forsythia by RT-PCR technique, and the specific ClpB, and BspA primers’ genes were used for the amplification of a fragment of these genes for the identification of T. forsythia. The results showed that the presence of ClpB and BspA in all (100%). BspA and ClpB showed a decrease but non-significant differences before and after treatment, whereas the periodontal parameter, probing pocket depth, plaque score, and bleeding on probing showed a significant decrease after treatment except clinical attachment lose showing a non-significant difference. Conclusion: Clinical treatment (scaling and root planning) is often helpful in the treatment of generalized periodontal disease (grade I and grade II) without the need for antimicrobial therapy as soon as possible.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"34 1","pages":"486 - 490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_105_23
Nora Kadhum, T. Al-Khafaji, Hanan Hassan
Background: Endodontic illness, one of the most common chronic infectious diseases in the world, is brought on by an infected and inflamed dental pulp, which results in bone destruction around the tooth root, excruciating pain, and tooth loss. Objectives: This study aimed to determine levels of pro-inflammatory (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay in the saliva of patients with endodontic infection against the gender and age groups. Materials and Methods: From November 2021 to March 2022, 60 patients (n = 60) were referred to specialized dentistry centers and private clinics in Hillah City, Iraq, with 32 (53.33%) females and 28 (46.67%) males, and 20 (n = 20) healthy adults serving as study controls, all of whom were between the ages of 20 and 50. Results: There were no major differences between girls and males in both groups, according to the findings of this study. In comparison to the control group, however, patients showed higher significant differences in measuring (IL-1β) and (TNF-α) concentrations (180.8), (119.44) (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, the amounts of IL-1β and TNF-α in female saliva were substantially greater than in male saliva. Conclusion: Pro-inflammatory IL-1β and TNF-α were shown to be higher in patients with primary endodontic disease than in normal subjects.
{"title":"Evaluation of Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Concentration in a Sample of Endodontic Patients in Hillah City, Iraq","authors":"Nora Kadhum, T. Al-Khafaji, Hanan Hassan","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_105_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_105_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Endodontic illness, one of the most common chronic infectious diseases in the world, is brought on by an infected and inflamed dental pulp, which results in bone destruction around the tooth root, excruciating pain, and tooth loss. Objectives: This study aimed to determine levels of pro-inflammatory (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay in the saliva of patients with endodontic infection against the gender and age groups. Materials and Methods: From November 2021 to March 2022, 60 patients (n = 60) were referred to specialized dentistry centers and private clinics in Hillah City, Iraq, with 32 (53.33%) females and 28 (46.67%) males, and 20 (n = 20) healthy adults serving as study controls, all of whom were between the ages of 20 and 50. Results: There were no major differences between girls and males in both groups, according to the findings of this study. In comparison to the control group, however, patients showed higher significant differences in measuring (IL-1β) and (TNF-α) concentrations (180.8), (119.44) (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, the amounts of IL-1β and TNF-α in female saliva were substantially greater than in male saliva. Conclusion: Pro-inflammatory IL-1β and TNF-α were shown to be higher in patients with primary endodontic disease than in normal subjects.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"7 1","pages":"642 - 645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a frequent ulcerative inflammatory disorder of the mouth. Various localized, systemic, and immunologic factors have quite a function in oral tolerance, although the etiology of RAS remains unexplained. The previous studies suggest that there is a significant association (interleukin-4—IL-4) level between in case and control group with RAS in saliva, and no significant difference between IL-4 rs 2243266 gene polymorphism with RAS. Objectives: To determine the level of IL-4 in saliva and the association of IL-4 gene polymorphism with the incidence of RAS. Materials and Methods: The subjects enrolled in the present study were (80) subjects of both genders. The age range was from 20 to 60 years. This study is carried out to detect the association of IL-4 level with RAS by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in Babylon Province, Iraq. The study sample consists of (80) subjects of both genders. The samples were divided into two groups including the patient group, (40) samples (female 21 and male 19) with RAS, and the control group (C) included (40) samples (20 females and males 20). Results: The results of the association between IL-4 level with RAS showed a significant association while the result of PCR sequencing found that there was no significant association of AG genotype of rs 2243266 with RAS with odd ratio 1.169 (0.54–2.54) 0.855 (0.39–1.86) and P-value 0.693. Conclusion: Females were more affected by RAS than males. There was a significant difference in IL-4 levels between the case and control groups.
{"title":"Association of interleukin-4 in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis","authors":"Ghadeer Khalaf, Baha Hamdi Al-Amiedi, S. Hindy","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_79_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_79_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a frequent ulcerative inflammatory disorder of the mouth. Various localized, systemic, and immunologic factors have quite a function in oral tolerance, although the etiology of RAS remains unexplained. The previous studies suggest that there is a significant association (interleukin-4—IL-4) level between in case and control group with RAS in saliva, and no significant difference between IL-4 rs 2243266 gene polymorphism with RAS. Objectives: To determine the level of IL-4 in saliva and the association of IL-4 gene polymorphism with the incidence of RAS. Materials and Methods: The subjects enrolled in the present study were (80) subjects of both genders. The age range was from 20 to 60 years. This study is carried out to detect the association of IL-4 level with RAS by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in Babylon Province, Iraq. The study sample consists of (80) subjects of both genders. The samples were divided into two groups including the patient group, (40) samples (female 21 and male 19) with RAS, and the control group (C) included (40) samples (20 females and males 20). Results: The results of the association between IL-4 level with RAS showed a significant association while the result of PCR sequencing found that there was no significant association of AG genotype of rs 2243266 with RAS with odd ratio 1.169 (0.54–2.54) 0.855 (0.39–1.86) and P-value 0.693. Conclusion: Females were more affected by RAS than males. There was a significant difference in IL-4 levels between the case and control groups.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"6 1","pages":"481 - 485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_100_22
Saurabh Ram Bihari Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava
The process of delivery of medical education has always been a complex one, considering the amount of knowledge, skills, and other essential attributes that need to be developed during the training period. The purpose of the current review was to explore the role of Twitter in medical education and the areas in which it can help to augment the learning process. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, and a total of 39 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. The review of literature was done by a single investigator and thus there were no duplicate articles. Keywords used in the search include social media, Twitter, and medical education in the title alone only. Twitter plays a crucial role in ensuring the active engagement of students by promoting academic conversations. To conclude, Twitter provides a platform for rapid and easy sharing of information on a global scale and thus encourages collaborative learning. Amid the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and in order to satisfy the learning needs of medical students and practicing physicians, Twitter is an innovative option. The need of the hour is to encourage and explore the utility of Twitter in different settings and use the same as an added tool for the attainment of learning outcomes.
{"title":"Scope of Twitter application in facilitating the delivery of medical education: A systematic review","authors":"Saurabh Ram Bihari Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_100_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_100_22","url":null,"abstract":"The process of delivery of medical education has always been a complex one, considering the amount of knowledge, skills, and other essential attributes that need to be developed during the training period. The purpose of the current review was to explore the role of Twitter in medical education and the areas in which it can help to augment the learning process. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, and a total of 39 articles were selected based on their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. The review of literature was done by a single investigator and thus there were no duplicate articles. Keywords used in the search include social media, Twitter, and medical education in the title alone only. Twitter plays a crucial role in ensuring the active engagement of students by promoting academic conversations. To conclude, Twitter provides a platform for rapid and easy sharing of information on a global scale and thus encourages collaborative learning. Amid the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and in order to satisfy the learning needs of medical students and practicing physicians, Twitter is an innovative option. The need of the hour is to encourage and explore the utility of Twitter in different settings and use the same as an added tool for the attainment of learning outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"38 1","pages":"439 - 442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_1014_23
Susan Al-Rawi, Aysar Khalaf, Ashwaq M. S. Al-Jbouri, Saade Jasim, A. Mutar
Background: Preface, DNA repair is the most efficient protective approach against DNA damage. Because the integrity of the genome is vital and crucial, the process of repairing DNA induced by carcinogens is critical. The ability to repair DNA damage may be impacted by specific genetic variants in DNA-repair genes, which may also be a risk factor for the development of cancer. The X-ray repair cross complementing-1 (XRCC-1) gene product has been linked to base-excision and single-strand repair mechanisms. Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the relation of the XRCC-1 gene with lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods: polymarease chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was used to compare 40 lung cancer patients along with 40 sample controls. Samples were collected at Al-Amal National Hospital for cancer management, ages ranging from 40 to 70 years. Statistics were carried out by using the SPSS Software program Version 20.0. Results: The results show that the XRCC-1 (Arg194Trp) gene carried seven exons, which were shown to have different frequencies in patients and controls based on three genotypes (Arg/Trp, Arg/Arg, and Trp/Trp). Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with chi-square for the patient (7.949) and control group (8.236). Also, the Arg/Trp genotype was present at a significantly high frequency in patients (77.5%), and the odds ratio was (14.94, confidence interval [CI] = 4.99–44.76 to CI = 0.642), whereas the Trp/Trp genotype frequency increased in the control group (72.5%). And the odds ratio for this relationship was (0.3, P = 0.001, and CI = 0.01–0.11). Conclusion: This study’s findings also suggest that the Arg/Trp genotype may be linked to lung cancer in this particular group.
背景：前言：DNA 修复是防止 DNA 损伤的最有效保护方法。由于基因组的完整性至关重要，因此致癌物质诱导的 DNA 修复过程至关重要。DNA 修复基因的特定遗传变异可能会影响 DNA 损伤的修复能力，这也可能是癌症发病的一个风险因素。X 射线修复交叉互补-1（XRCC-1）基因产物与碱基切割和单链修复机制有关。研究目的本研究旨在探讨 XRCC-1 基因与肺癌患者的关系。材料与方法：使用多聚酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）分析法对 40 例肺癌患者和 40 例对照样本进行比较。样本采集于 Al-Amal 国家癌症管理医院，年龄从 40 岁到 70 岁不等。使用 SPSS 软件程序 20.0 版进行统计。结果结果显示，XRCC-1（Arg194Trp）基因含有七个外显子，根据三种基因型（Arg/Trp、Arg/Arg 和 Trp/Trp），患者和对照组中的外显子频率不同。患者组（7.949）和对照组（8.236）的哈代-温伯格平衡（chi-square）。此外，Arg/Trp 基因型在患者中出现的频率明显较高（77.5%），几率比为（14.94，置信区间[CI] = 4.99-44.76 to CI = 0.642），而 Trp/Trp 基因型频率在对照组中有所增加（72.5%）。这种关系的几率比为（0.3，P = 0.001，CI = 0.01-0.11）。结论这项研究的结果还表明，Arg/Trp 基因型可能与这一特殊群体的肺癌有关。
{"title":"Association between XRCC-1 Arg194Trp polymorphism with lung cancer in Iraqi patients","authors":"Susan Al-Rawi, Aysar Khalaf, Ashwaq M. S. Al-Jbouri, Saade Jasim, A. Mutar","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_1014_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_1014_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preface, DNA repair is the most efficient protective approach against DNA damage. Because the integrity of the genome is vital and crucial, the process of repairing DNA induced by carcinogens is critical. The ability to repair DNA damage may be impacted by specific genetic variants in DNA-repair genes, which may also be a risk factor for the development of cancer. The X-ray repair cross complementing-1 (XRCC-1) gene product has been linked to base-excision and single-strand repair mechanisms. Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the relation of the XRCC-1 gene with lung cancer patients. Materials and Methods: polymarease chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was used to compare 40 lung cancer patients along with 40 sample controls. Samples were collected at Al-Amal National Hospital for cancer management, ages ranging from 40 to 70 years. Statistics were carried out by using the SPSS Software program Version 20.0. Results: The results show that the XRCC-1 (Arg194Trp) gene carried seven exons, which were shown to have different frequencies in patients and controls based on three genotypes (Arg/Trp, Arg/Arg, and Trp/Trp). Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with chi-square for the patient (7.949) and control group (8.236). Also, the Arg/Trp genotype was present at a significantly high frequency in patients (77.5%), and the odds ratio was (14.94, confidence interval [CI] = 4.99–44.76 to CI = 0.642), whereas the Trp/Trp genotype frequency increased in the control group (72.5%). And the odds ratio for this relationship was (0.3, P = 0.001, and CI = 0.01–0.11). Conclusion: This study’s findings also suggest that the Arg/Trp genotype may be linked to lung cancer in this particular group.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"4 1","pages":"638 - 641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：