Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_135_23
Ahmed Almuttairi, Anwar Abdulla
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often multidrug resistant that is associated with hospital-acquired infections. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the patterns of antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, the occurrence of multiple drug resistant (MDR), and virulence genes (Alg, OprL, and OprI) in P. aeruginosa isolated from patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 131 isolates from various sites including (burn, wound, and urine) were collected from different hospitals in Babylon province for both genders and ages. These isolates were identified using traditional techniques as well as the Vitek 2 system. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were subjected to disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Alg, oprL, and oprI-specific primers were used in the polymerase chain reaction technique for the molecular identification of virulence factors genes. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates that were one hundred thirty-one (100%) had oprL gene. On the other hand, Alg and oprI each have 129 (98.47%). Conclusion: Alarming factors for public health include the high rate of MDR among P. aeruginosa isolates and its capacity to form biofilm.
{"title":"Biofilm formation and virulence factors among multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients in Babylon province","authors":"Ahmed Almuttairi, Anwar Abdulla","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_135_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_135_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often multidrug resistant that is associated with hospital-acquired infections. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the patterns of antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, the occurrence of multiple drug resistant (MDR), and virulence genes (Alg, OprL, and OprI) in P. aeruginosa isolated from patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 131 isolates from various sites including (burn, wound, and urine) were collected from different hospitals in Babylon province for both genders and ages. These isolates were identified using traditional techniques as well as the Vitek 2 system. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were subjected to disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Alg, oprL, and oprI-specific primers were used in the polymerase chain reaction technique for the molecular identification of virulence factors genes. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates that were one hundred thirty-one (100%) had oprL gene. On the other hand, Alg and oprI each have 129 (98.47%). Conclusion: Alarming factors for public health include the high rate of MDR among P. aeruginosa isolates and its capacity to form biofilm.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"368 - 374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49659874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_111_23
Ghadeer Hashim, Ahmed Al-Mosawi, A. Al-Ameedee
Background: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease; it is affected by many factors such as sugar consumption, exposure, fluoride, and others. Objectives: To investigate the immune status by studying the levels of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals with dental caries among diabetic patients compared with diabetic patients with free dental caries and control groups. Materials and Methods: The study was designed to include 90 samples of GCF obtained from patients with diabetes and dental caries, patients with diabetes only without dental caries, and healthy subjects attending the Marjan medical city. The study duration was prolonged from November 2021 to March 2022. Results: The results showed that there were highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the concentration of IL-12 among healthy subjects. Both diabetetic patients with and without dental caries were represented by the increase in the concentration of IL-12. However, diabetetic patients with dental caries (74.86 ± 37.45) were more than those with free dental caries (53.26 ± 17.75) and even more than the control group. The contrast result showed a decrease in the level of CRP concentration in patients with diabetic and dental caries (2.589 ± 2.262) less than in patients with diabetes only (3.783 ± 2.408) and less than healthy subjects with significant differences (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: This study found that there was an elevation of the IL-12 level in patients with significant differences compared with control groups in contrast to a reduction in the concentration level of CRP patients with significant differences compared with the control group.
{"title":"The effect of C-reactive protein and interleukin 12 in dental caries class V among diabetic patients","authors":"Ghadeer Hashim, Ahmed Al-Mosawi, A. Al-Ameedee","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_111_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_111_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease; it is affected by many factors such as sugar consumption, exposure, fluoride, and others. Objectives: To investigate the immune status by studying the levels of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals with dental caries among diabetic patients compared with diabetic patients with free dental caries and control groups. Materials and Methods: The study was designed to include 90 samples of GCF obtained from patients with diabetes and dental caries, patients with diabetes only without dental caries, and healthy subjects attending the Marjan medical city. The study duration was prolonged from November 2021 to March 2022. Results: The results showed that there were highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the concentration of IL-12 among healthy subjects. Both diabetetic patients with and without dental caries were represented by the increase in the concentration of IL-12. However, diabetetic patients with dental caries (74.86 ± 37.45) were more than those with free dental caries (53.26 ± 17.75) and even more than the control group. The contrast result showed a decrease in the level of CRP concentration in patients with diabetic and dental caries (2.589 ± 2.262) less than in patients with diabetes only (3.783 ± 2.408) and less than healthy subjects with significant differences (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: This study found that there was an elevation of the IL-12 level in patients with significant differences compared with control groups in contrast to a reduction in the concentration level of CRP patients with significant differences compared with the control group.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"426 - 429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46444910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taisir Kadhim, Amal Al Sa’ady, Hussein Khayoon, Dergham Hameed, Suha Hussain, Ahmed Kareem, Ammar Al-Helli
Background: The main causes of a burn patient’s mortality are microbial infection which is related to burn unit contamination, which represents a significant health problem in the burn ward. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the types and microbial contamination degree in eleven different burn wards at AL-Hussain Teaching Hospital in Al-Muthanna Province-Iraq. Materials and Methods: This survey study included 770 samples (burn unit swabs) from June 2019 to march 2021 distributed into 70 swabs for each one of the different sources with missing system 3 for each (Floor of the Burn Ward, Locker of the Burn Ward, Bed of the Burn Ward, Floor in Bathroom of the Burn Ward, Chart of the Burn Ward, Door in Bathroom of the Burn Ward, Shower in Bathroom of the Burn Ward, Wall of the Burn Ward, Wall In Bathroom of the Burn Ward, Gauze of the Burn Ward, and Surgical Instruments of the Burn Ward). Results: The data of samples cultivation, 284(39%) samples yielded bacterial growth and 453(61%) samples showed no bacterial growth. The highest rate of positive growth was seen in samples of Floor of the Burn Ward 5 (78%) while the lowest incidence of positive growth was 1(1%) in samples of Surgical Instruments of the Burn Ward. Gram-positive bacteria were the predominant 173(61%) as compared with gram negative bacteria 111(39%). Conclusion: On the basis of data results we conclude that burn ward especially Floor harbor bacteria. Although some bacteria were normal flora, potentially pathogenic bacterial rates diverse between places.
{"title":"The bacterial contamination in the burn unit of Al-Hussain Teaching Hospital at Al-Samawa City, Iraq","authors":"Taisir Kadhim, Amal Al Sa’ady, Hussein Khayoon, Dergham Hameed, Suha Hussain, Ahmed Kareem, Ammar Al-Helli","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_93_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_93_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The main causes of a burn patient’s mortality are microbial infection which is related to burn unit contamination, which represents a significant health problem in the burn ward. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the types and microbial contamination degree in eleven different burn wards at AL-Hussain Teaching Hospital in Al-Muthanna Province-Iraq. Materials and Methods: This survey study included 770 samples (burn unit swabs) from June 2019 to march 2021 distributed into 70 swabs for each one of the different sources with missing system 3 for each (Floor of the Burn Ward, Locker of the Burn Ward, Bed of the Burn Ward, Floor in Bathroom of the Burn Ward, Chart of the Burn Ward, Door in Bathroom of the Burn Ward, Shower in Bathroom of the Burn Ward, Wall of the Burn Ward, Wall In Bathroom of the Burn Ward, Gauze of the Burn Ward, and Surgical Instruments of the Burn Ward). Results: The data of samples cultivation, 284(39%) samples yielded bacterial growth and 453(61%) samples showed no bacterial growth. The highest rate of positive growth was seen in samples of Floor of the Burn Ward 5 (78%) while the lowest incidence of positive growth was 1(1%) in samples of Surgical Instruments of the Burn Ward. Gram-positive bacteria were the predominant 173(61%) as compared with gram negative bacteria 111(39%). Conclusion: On the basis of data results we conclude that burn ward especially Floor harbor bacteria. Although some bacteria were normal flora, potentially pathogenic bacterial rates diverse between places.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"357 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48638368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_345_22
Dhuha Hasan, Maha Abbas, B. Al-Ghurabi
Background: Despite the fact that fluoride-based remineralization technologies have dominated preventive dentistry for the past century, new and innovative nanomaterials approaches are transforming the industry. A variety of unique metal nanoparticles (NPs) materials are now be easily available to assist remineralization of the dental enamel surface. Objectives: This study was reported to prevent and treat of dental caries using indium oxide NPs suspension solution application in comparison to de-ionized water and sodium fluoride on human tooth enamel by surface microhardness analysis for the surface dental enamel. Materials and Methods: Field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption spectrophotometer were used to evaluate the physical characteristics of an indium oxide NPs suspension solution that was created by the laser ablation in liquid. Microhardness Vickers test was used to evaluate the microhardness of teeth. Teeth samples were 60 teeth that were divided randomly into two phases; each phase consisted of prevented and treated groups with indium oxide NPs, control-positive group was treated with sodium fluoride, and control-negative group was treated with deionized water. Each group was consisted of 10 teeth. Results: The results showed that there was an increase in microhardness be recorded for both preventive and treatment groups after the application of an indium oxide NPs suspension solution. Conclusion: Laser-prepared indium oxide NPs colloidal suspensions were found to be effective as a remineralizing agent to human dental enamel and thus can be considered as an alternative to sodium fluoride mouth wash.
{"title":"Impact of indium oxide nanoparticles mouth wash in prevention of human dental enamel caries (in vitro study)","authors":"Dhuha Hasan, Maha Abbas, B. Al-Ghurabi","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_345_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_345_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the fact that fluoride-based remineralization technologies have dominated preventive dentistry for the past century, new and innovative nanomaterials approaches are transforming the industry. A variety of unique metal nanoparticles (NPs) materials are now be easily available to assist remineralization of the dental enamel surface. Objectives: This study was reported to prevent and treat of dental caries using indium oxide NPs suspension solution application in comparison to de-ionized water and sodium fluoride on human tooth enamel by surface microhardness analysis for the surface dental enamel. Materials and Methods: Field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorption spectrophotometer were used to evaluate the physical characteristics of an indium oxide NPs suspension solution that was created by the laser ablation in liquid. Microhardness Vickers test was used to evaluate the microhardness of teeth. Teeth samples were 60 teeth that were divided randomly into two phases; each phase consisted of prevented and treated groups with indium oxide NPs, control-positive group was treated with sodium fluoride, and control-negative group was treated with deionized water. Each group was consisted of 10 teeth. Results: The results showed that there was an increase in microhardness be recorded for both preventive and treatment groups after the application of an indium oxide NPs suspension solution. Conclusion: Laser-prepared indium oxide NPs colloidal suspensions were found to be effective as a remineralizing agent to human dental enamel and thus can be considered as an alternative to sodium fluoride mouth wash.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"322 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49282406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kareem Rhumaid, May Al-Ma’amouri, J. Al-Buhilal, N. Al-Rubaey
Background: Streptococcus pyogenes known as group A streptococci (GAS) is the main causative agent of pharyngotonsillitis in children younger than 12 years old. The infection appears mostly in winter and spring. Signs and symptoms of patients with a beta-hemolytic GAS infection, include tonsillar exudate, fever, painful anterior cervical adenopathy, and the lack of a cough. Penicillin and ampicillin are the preferred clinical therapy choice for GAS pharyngitis treatment. Objectives: Isolate and identify GAS in throat swabs among children suffering from acute pharyngotonsillitis to estimate the prevalence rate of bacterial isolates associated with age, sex, and months variation of GAS infection. Also, it is to determine the antibiotic sensitivity patterns such as penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, azithromycin, ofloxacin, clindamycin, and rifampicin, which are used for the treatment of GAS associated with the acute pharyngotonsillitis in children. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and ten throat swabs have been obtained from patients who were clinically diagnosed as having acute pharyngotonsillitis of age ranging from (1–12) years of both sexes were admitted to various hospitals and enrolled in a sequential manner from November 2021 to April 2022 in two Governorates (Baghdad and Babylon), Iraq. These throat swabs were exposed to the bacterial culturing, and some other tests. Streptococcus pyogenes isolates were identified depending on the colony properties, beta-hemolysis on sheep blood agar plate, Gram’s stain, catalase production test, in addition to a sensitivity to bacitracin and Pyrrolidinyl arylamidase test to confirm the identification of GAS. Results: The prevalence of identifying GAS isolates was 140 (34.1%) out of 410 samples. GAS strains can cause acute pharyngotonsillitis in children of all ages, but it most frequently occurred between 1 and 6 year age groups, and it was more in men 80 (57.1%) than in women 60 (42.9%). Likewise, it was found that GAS associated with acute pharyngotonsillitis with a high incidence in winter and in early spring, in which the peak of GAS infection has been seen in January (30.7%). On the other hand, some antibiotics were used to show their effect on these GAS isolates. The findings revealed that all isolates were sensitive (100%) to penicillin and ampicillin, and (83.6%) of isolates were sensitive to clindamycin, whereas some isolates shown a lesser degree of sensitivity (75% and 60%) to rifampicin and ofloxacin. However, only 49.3% of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, and (46.4%) were sensitive to azithromycin. Conclusion: GAS strains can cause acute pharyngotonsillitis in children of all ages, but it most frequently occurred in the age groups (1–6) year, and more predominant in men than in women. High percentage of infections with GAS have been noticed in winter and spring to reach its peak in January. Additionally, penicillin and ampicillin are preferred antibiotic for treatment, wherea
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes from Iraqi children with pharyngotonsillitis","authors":"A. Kareem Rhumaid, May Al-Ma’amouri, J. Al-Buhilal, N. Al-Rubaey","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_44_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_44_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Streptococcus pyogenes known as group A streptococci (GAS) is the main causative agent of pharyngotonsillitis in children younger than 12 years old. The infection appears mostly in winter and spring. Signs and symptoms of patients with a beta-hemolytic GAS infection, include tonsillar exudate, fever, painful anterior cervical adenopathy, and the lack of a cough. Penicillin and ampicillin are the preferred clinical therapy choice for GAS pharyngitis treatment. Objectives: Isolate and identify GAS in throat swabs among children suffering from acute pharyngotonsillitis to estimate the prevalence rate of bacterial isolates associated with age, sex, and months variation of GAS infection. Also, it is to determine the antibiotic sensitivity patterns such as penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, azithromycin, ofloxacin, clindamycin, and rifampicin, which are used for the treatment of GAS associated with the acute pharyngotonsillitis in children. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and ten throat swabs have been obtained from patients who were clinically diagnosed as having acute pharyngotonsillitis of age ranging from (1–12) years of both sexes were admitted to various hospitals and enrolled in a sequential manner from November 2021 to April 2022 in two Governorates (Baghdad and Babylon), Iraq. These throat swabs were exposed to the bacterial culturing, and some other tests. Streptococcus pyogenes isolates were identified depending on the colony properties, beta-hemolysis on sheep blood agar plate, Gram’s stain, catalase production test, in addition to a sensitivity to bacitracin and Pyrrolidinyl arylamidase test to confirm the identification of GAS. Results: The prevalence of identifying GAS isolates was 140 (34.1%) out of 410 samples. GAS strains can cause acute pharyngotonsillitis in children of all ages, but it most frequently occurred between 1 and 6 year age groups, and it was more in men 80 (57.1%) than in women 60 (42.9%). Likewise, it was found that GAS associated with acute pharyngotonsillitis with a high incidence in winter and in early spring, in which the peak of GAS infection has been seen in January (30.7%). On the other hand, some antibiotics were used to show their effect on these GAS isolates. The findings revealed that all isolates were sensitive (100%) to penicillin and ampicillin, and (83.6%) of isolates were sensitive to clindamycin, whereas some isolates shown a lesser degree of sensitivity (75% and 60%) to rifampicin and ofloxacin. However, only 49.3% of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin, and (46.4%) were sensitive to azithromycin. Conclusion: GAS strains can cause acute pharyngotonsillitis in children of all ages, but it most frequently occurred in the age groups (1–6) year, and more predominant in men than in women. High percentage of infections with GAS have been noticed in winter and spring to reach its peak in January. Additionally, penicillin and ampicillin are preferred antibiotic for treatment, wherea","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"341 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42549465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_244_22
Israa Saud, Liqaa Majid
Background: Beta-thalassemia major is an autosomal recessive condition caused by absent (β0) synthesis of the β globin chains of the hemoglobin tetramer. Objectives: Evaluation of immunoglobulin level and white blood cell count in splenectomized and non non splenectomized patient as well as comparison of the levels of Ig and WBC with frequency of infection. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study included a total of 60 patients with beta-thalassemia major and 20 age and sex matched apparently healthy individual as a control, blood taken from them for an evaluation of immunoglobulin level and white blood cell count. Results: There is no significant difference in immunoglobulin level between splenectomized and non splenectomized B-thalassemia major patients and control groups. Also, there is significant increase in mean Frequency of infection / year for patients with thalassemia major in comparison to control, Specifically, splenectomized patients are having significant increase in frequency of infection in comparison to non splenectomizd. There is a significant difference in mean of White blood cell count, Neutrophil, Lymphocytes in patients with splenectomy, non-splenectomy and control group. Conclusion: Immunoglobulin levels are within normal range in thalassemia major patients whether splenectomized or non splenectomized. Leukocytes count mainly neutrophils and lymphocytes are higher in splenectomised patients. Frequency of infection is higher in splenectomed patients and there is a positive correlation with IgA and IgG.
{"title":"Relation of immunoglobulin level and white blood cell count with frequency of infection in splenectomized and non-splenectomized B thalassemia major patients","authors":"Israa Saud, Liqaa Majid","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_244_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_244_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Beta-thalassemia major is an autosomal recessive condition caused by absent (β0) synthesis of the β globin chains of the hemoglobin tetramer. Objectives: Evaluation of immunoglobulin level and white blood cell count in splenectomized and non non splenectomized patient as well as comparison of the levels of Ig and WBC with frequency of infection. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study included a total of 60 patients with beta-thalassemia major and 20 age and sex matched apparently healthy individual as a control, blood taken from them for an evaluation of immunoglobulin level and white blood cell count. Results: There is no significant difference in immunoglobulin level between splenectomized and non splenectomized B-thalassemia major patients and control groups. Also, there is significant increase in mean Frequency of infection / year for patients with thalassemia major in comparison to control, Specifically, splenectomized patients are having significant increase in frequency of infection in comparison to non splenectomizd. There is a significant difference in mean of White blood cell count, Neutrophil, Lymphocytes in patients with splenectomy, non-splenectomy and control group. Conclusion: Immunoglobulin levels are within normal range in thalassemia major patients whether splenectomized or non splenectomized. Leukocytes count mainly neutrophils and lymphocytes are higher in splenectomised patients. Frequency of infection is higher in splenectomed patients and there is a positive correlation with IgA and IgG.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"264 - 267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42851518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_155_23
Alaa H. Al-Charrakh, MohammedJasim Khulaif
Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli is a major public health threat worldwide. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the sensitivity pattern and class 1 integron of E. coli isolated from various clinical sources in Babylon, Iraq. Materials and Methods: A total of 1874 clinical samples were collected from patients between February and June 2022. Antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli to different antibiotics was determined using the Vitek-2 compact system. Class 1 integron was detected genetically. Results: From 1874 clinical samples, 231 (12.3%) isolates belonged to E. coli. Isolates from urine were more frequent in females than in males. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Escherichia coli isolates showed high sensitivity to meropenem, ertapenem, imipenem, amikacin, and isepamicin. Isolates from vaginal discharge were resistant to cephazolin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, nalidixic acid, and aztreonam. Isolates from diabetic foot ulcer showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, and ceftazidime. All E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 67% of them were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, most prevalent in urine and vaginal discharge. Approximately 99.1% of E. coli isolates carried class 1 integron. Conclusions: Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical specimens showed differences in antibiotic susceptibility patterns, with high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics against E. coli isolates were ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, and isepamicin. However, MDR E. coli isolates showed high resistance rates to most of the antibiotics tested. ESBL-producing E. coli showed high prevalence. Class 1 integron is the leading cause of antibiotic resistance.
{"title":"Detection of class 1 integron and antibiotic resistance of β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from four hospitals in Babylon, Iraq","authors":"Alaa H. Al-Charrakh, MohammedJasim Khulaif","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_155_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_155_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli is a major public health threat worldwide. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the sensitivity pattern and class 1 integron of E. coli isolated from various clinical sources in Babylon, Iraq. Materials and Methods: A total of 1874 clinical samples were collected from patients between February and June 2022. Antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli to different antibiotics was determined using the Vitek-2 compact system. Class 1 integron was detected genetically. Results: From 1874 clinical samples, 231 (12.3%) isolates belonged to E. coli. Isolates from urine were more frequent in females than in males. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Escherichia coli isolates showed high sensitivity to meropenem, ertapenem, imipenem, amikacin, and isepamicin. Isolates from vaginal discharge were resistant to cephazolin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, nalidixic acid, and aztreonam. Isolates from diabetic foot ulcer showed high resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, and ceftazidime. All E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and 67% of them were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, most prevalent in urine and vaginal discharge. Approximately 99.1% of E. coli isolates carried class 1 integron. Conclusions: Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical specimens showed differences in antibiotic susceptibility patterns, with high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. The most effective antibiotics against E. coli isolates were ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, and isepamicin. However, MDR E. coli isolates showed high resistance rates to most of the antibiotics tested. ESBL-producing E. coli showed high prevalence. Class 1 integron is the leading cause of antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"375 - 382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47969669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19) initially appeared in Wuhan, China in December, 2019 and then rapidly spread all over the world. The importance of information about the clinical and non-clinical characteristics of Iraqi COVID-19 patients was highlighted. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of COVID-19 with assessed the influence of comorbidities on the severity of infections. Materials and Methods: We collected medical records of hospitalized 102 patients with COVID-19 at three hospitals from December 2021 to May 2022. Patients in the cohort study were diagnosed with positive COVID-19 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction according to nasopharyngeal samples. The cohort study was for separating two groups: non-severe and severe or critical groups. Results: The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that patients aged ≥ 48 years had higher levels of D-dimer, white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophils count (NUE), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelets-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) when compared to non-severe patients. These parameters were used to predict high-risk patients with low lymphocyte counts. A logistic regression model generated results to include D-dimer, NUE, and lymphocytes count (LYM) were identified as independent risk factors for intensive care unit (ICU) patients of COVID-19 whereas WBC was a dependent factor with an odds ratio (8.330, 1.288, 0.225, and 1.534), respectively. Cut-off values by ROC curve for D-dimer, NUE, WBC, LYM, PLR, and NLR parameters were ≥ 0.780, ≥7.7, ≥10.5, ≥1.27, ≥200, and ≥5.4, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that COVID-19 severity can be predicted by analyzing clinical and laboratory data of patients. Comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac diseases, kidney diseases, malignancy, and hepatic diseases were identified as significant risk factors for COVID-19 severity and progression.
{"title":"Association between clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of 102 patients with COVID-19 in Iraq","authors":"Ghazwan Hussein, Ali F. Al-Saadi","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_2_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_2_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19) initially appeared in Wuhan, China in December, 2019 and then rapidly spread all over the world. The importance of information about the clinical and non-clinical characteristics of Iraqi COVID-19 patients was highlighted. The aim of this study was to investigate the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of COVID-19 with assessed the influence of comorbidities on the severity of infections. Materials and Methods: We collected medical records of hospitalized 102 patients with COVID-19 at three hospitals from December 2021 to May 2022. Patients in the cohort study were diagnosed with positive COVID-19 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction according to nasopharyngeal samples. The cohort study was for separating two groups: non-severe and severe or critical groups. Results: The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that patients aged ≥ 48 years had higher levels of D-dimer, white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophils count (NUE), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelets-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) when compared to non-severe patients. These parameters were used to predict high-risk patients with low lymphocyte counts. A logistic regression model generated results to include D-dimer, NUE, and lymphocytes count (LYM) were identified as independent risk factors for intensive care unit (ICU) patients of COVID-19 whereas WBC was a dependent factor with an odds ratio (8.330, 1.288, 0.225, and 1.534), respectively. Cut-off values by ROC curve for D-dimer, NUE, WBC, LYM, PLR, and NLR parameters were ≥ 0.780, ≥7.7, ≥10.5, ≥1.27, ≥200, and ≥5.4, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrated that COVID-19 severity can be predicted by analyzing clinical and laboratory data of patients. Comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac diseases, kidney diseases, malignancy, and hepatic diseases were identified as significant risk factors for COVID-19 severity and progression.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"332 - 337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41354735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_269_22
Rojeen Suleiman, S. Salih, B. Abdullah, Ibrahim Ibrahim, Zindan Saeed
Background: Prediabetes is a strong hazard for developing of both cardiovascular disorders and diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistant predisposes to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus that all are strongly correlated with development of cardiovascular disorders. Recently, the triglyceride glucose index, its modified indices and the ratio of triglyceride/ high density lipoprotein-cholesterol have been suggested as sensible surrogate markers of insulin resistant. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the triglyceride glucose index, its modified indices and triglyceride/ high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio among individuals with prediabetes compared to healthy control. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out as a case control among 120 participants, 60 prediabetic individuals and 60 apparently healthy individuals as a control group. Prediabetic individuals were obtained from relatives of patients with diabetes mellitus visiting Endocrinology Unit at Azadi Teaching Hospital and 60 healthy individuals were chosen from medical staffs of Azadi Teaching Hospital. Results: There were statistically significant higher mean level of indices in individuals with prediabetes with exception of triglyceride/ high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio that was insignificantly higher. There was a significant positive correlation of abnormal homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance with triglyceride/ high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (r = 0.651), and triglyceride glucose index (r = 0.390) whereas insignificant positive correlation with its modified index. Conclusion: The mean level and prevalence of abnormal TyG index, TyG-BMI and TyG-WC were significantly higher in prediabetic individuals, whereas, TG/HDL-c was insignificantly higher compared to control individuals.
{"title":"Triglyceride glucose index, its modified indices, and triglyceride HDL-C ratio as predictor markers of insulin resistance in prediabetic individuals","authors":"Rojeen Suleiman, S. Salih, B. Abdullah, Ibrahim Ibrahim, Zindan Saeed","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_269_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_269_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prediabetes is a strong hazard for developing of both cardiovascular disorders and diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistant predisposes to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus that all are strongly correlated with development of cardiovascular disorders. Recently, the triglyceride glucose index, its modified indices and the ratio of triglyceride/ high density lipoprotein-cholesterol have been suggested as sensible surrogate markers of insulin resistant. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the triglyceride glucose index, its modified indices and triglyceride/ high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio among individuals with prediabetes compared to healthy control. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out as a case control among 120 participants, 60 prediabetic individuals and 60 apparently healthy individuals as a control group. Prediabetic individuals were obtained from relatives of patients with diabetes mellitus visiting Endocrinology Unit at Azadi Teaching Hospital and 60 healthy individuals were chosen from medical staffs of Azadi Teaching Hospital. Results: There were statistically significant higher mean level of indices in individuals with prediabetes with exception of triglyceride/ high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio that was insignificantly higher. There was a significant positive correlation of abnormal homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance with triglyceride/ high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (r = 0.651), and triglyceride glucose index (r = 0.390) whereas insignificant positive correlation with its modified index. Conclusion: The mean level and prevalence of abnormal TyG index, TyG-BMI and TyG-WC were significantly higher in prediabetic individuals, whereas, TG/HDL-c was insignificantly higher compared to control individuals.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"268 - 273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42555933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_209_23
Noor Al-Khafaji, Hussein Al-Dahmoshi, Zainab Chabuck, Zena Mahdi, M. Akram, A. Sohail, Umme Laila, R. Zainab, M. Khalil, Momina Iftikhar, Fethi Ozdemir
The relationship between microbiome and metabolomics by studying the microbiota living in the human body and studying their effects on the concentration of metabolites, also to study effects of microbiota colonization on other bacteria or living organism entering the body. These microbiomes and metabolites not only act as an energy source for whole body organs but can also play a role in causing diseases as they affect beyond the gut. It is compulsory to understand the relationship of the microbiome with the food nutrients we take in. So, we will be able to improve the health by making some changes in dietary intake according to gut microorganisms. In this study, we observed the relationship of microbiome and the metabolomics they are involved in, with diseases related to them. As the number of metabolites in human body is an indicator of colonized number of microbiota and development of a disease related to it.
{"title":"Microbiome and metabolomics","authors":"Noor Al-Khafaji, Hussein Al-Dahmoshi, Zainab Chabuck, Zena Mahdi, M. Akram, A. Sohail, Umme Laila, R. Zainab, M. Khalil, Momina Iftikhar, Fethi Ozdemir","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_209_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_209_23","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between microbiome and metabolomics by studying the microbiota living in the human body and studying their effects on the concentration of metabolites, also to study effects of microbiota colonization on other bacteria or living organism entering the body. These microbiomes and metabolites not only act as an energy source for whole body organs but can also play a role in causing diseases as they affect beyond the gut. It is compulsory to understand the relationship of the microbiome with the food nutrients we take in. So, we will be able to improve the health by making some changes in dietary intake according to gut microorganisms. In this study, we observed the relationship of microbiome and the metabolomics they are involved in, with diseases related to them. As the number of metabolites in human body is an indicator of colonized number of microbiota and development of a disease related to it.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"236 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49267222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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