Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_275_23
Alaa H. Al-Charrakh, HatemKareem Mijwel, Salman Salman
Background: Empagliflozin is an antidiabetic medication having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Objectives: To develop a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model in male rats, evaluate empagliflozin’s antidepressant effects, and describe the link between stress, an antioxidant enzyme, and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 gene expression in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experiment, 50 rats were divided into five groups: G1–G5. The forced swimming test (FST) was used to examine the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine and empagliflozin, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure TLR-4 gene expression. FST was performed on each rat on days 0, 10, and 25. CUS was performed on each rat for 24 days. Results: By the end of day 10, all animals subjected to the CUS program had a substantial (P < 0.05) increase in immobility duration compared with day 0. The immobility duration in the CUS group was statistically significantly greater than the baseline. Stressed rats demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in immobility duration compared with CUS group G2. In comparison to the CUS group, fluoxetine significantly reduced immobility duration (P < 0.05). In terms of gene expression, the mean of fold changes in TLR-4 mRNA level in group 2 was considerably greater than in group 1. When compared with group 2, the means of the fold changes in TLR-4 mRNA level were considerably lower in groups 3, 4, and 5. Conclusions: Empagliflozin has antidepressant-like effects and can counteract the impact of stress-induced TLR-4 overexpression in the hippocampus and elevate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the brains of depressed rats.
{"title":"Effects of empagliflozin on a model of chronic depression and brain Toll-like receptors gene expression in male rats","authors":"Alaa H. Al-Charrakh, HatemKareem Mijwel, Salman Salman","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_275_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_275_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Empagliflozin is an antidiabetic medication having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Objectives: To develop a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model in male rats, evaluate empagliflozin’s antidepressant effects, and describe the link between stress, an antioxidant enzyme, and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 gene expression in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experiment, 50 rats were divided into five groups: G1–G5. The forced swimming test (FST) was used to examine the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine and empagliflozin, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure TLR-4 gene expression. FST was performed on each rat on days 0, 10, and 25. CUS was performed on each rat for 24 days. Results: By the end of day 10, all animals subjected to the CUS program had a substantial (P < 0.05) increase in immobility duration compared with day 0. The immobility duration in the CUS group was statistically significantly greater than the baseline. Stressed rats demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in immobility duration compared with CUS group G2. In comparison to the CUS group, fluoxetine significantly reduced immobility duration (P < 0.05). In terms of gene expression, the mean of fold changes in TLR-4 mRNA level in group 2 was considerably greater than in group 1. When compared with group 2, the means of the fold changes in TLR-4 mRNA level were considerably lower in groups 3, 4, and 5. Conclusions: Empagliflozin has antidepressant-like effects and can counteract the impact of stress-induced TLR-4 overexpression in the hippocampus and elevate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the brains of depressed rats.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"399 - 405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45228025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_304_23
Abdul T Abdul Aziz, L. Abdul-Lateef
Background: Salmonellosis is a severe infectious zoonotic disease, which increases the importance of identifying and controlling the causative strains. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a rapid molecular diagnostic test to determine and purify bacterial isolates based on the specific primer. SE1472298-2 for Salmonella serovar enteritidis; gene STM4497 demonstrated specificity for Salmonella serovar typhimurium and gene O antigen synthesis tyv for Salmonella serovar typhi isolated from patients in Babylon province, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Two hundred clinical stool specimens were collected from patients suffering from watery diarrhea. Blood specimens obtained from patients with typhoid fever who were admitted to three hospitals of Babylon Governorate. Results: There were a total of 200 samples; 34 (17%) were discovered by biochemical tests. The diagnosis of these samples was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, depending on the target gene, so the number of isolates was 25 (73.53%), Salmonella enteritidis 13 (52%) Salmonella typhimurium 6 (24%), and Salmonella typhi 6 (24%). Conclusion: Molecular techniques, particularly polymerase chain reaction, can rapidly and precisely identify Salmonella isolates.
{"title":"Genetic and biochemical detection of Salmonella enterica isolated from patients suffering watery diarrhea and typhoid fever in Babylon Province","authors":"Abdul T Abdul Aziz, L. Abdul-Lateef","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_304_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_304_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Salmonellosis is a severe infectious zoonotic disease, which increases the importance of identifying and controlling the causative strains. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a rapid molecular diagnostic test to determine and purify bacterial isolates based on the specific primer. SE1472298-2 for Salmonella serovar enteritidis; gene STM4497 demonstrated specificity for Salmonella serovar typhimurium and gene O antigen synthesis tyv for Salmonella serovar typhi isolated from patients in Babylon province, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Two hundred clinical stool specimens were collected from patients suffering from watery diarrhea. Blood specimens obtained from patients with typhoid fever who were admitted to three hospitals of Babylon Governorate. Results: There were a total of 200 samples; 34 (17%) were discovered by biochemical tests. The diagnosis of these samples was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, depending on the target gene, so the number of isolates was 25 (73.53%), Salmonella enteritidis 13 (52%) Salmonella typhimurium 6 (24%), and Salmonella typhi 6 (24%). Conclusion: Molecular techniques, particularly polymerase chain reaction, can rapidly and precisely identify Salmonella isolates.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"383 - 387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45479296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_282_22
Khawla A. Shemran, Sarah Edin, A. Alta'ee
Background: Hyperlipidemia is an umbrella term for any of the genetic or acquired disorders that result in an elevated level of lipids circulating in the blood. These lipids can enter the walls of arteries and increase the risk of developing hardening of the arteries, which can lead to atherosclerosis, stroke, and heart attack. Objectives: The present study tries to investigate the impact of lipid-lowering drugs on lipid profile in patients with hyperlipidemia and to determine the best drug of choice in such patients. Materials and Methods: Sixty hyperlipidemia patients with the mean age of 45.52 ± 13.24 years admitted to a private clinic in Hilla city, Iraq, during a period extant from October 2022 to November 2022 were subjected to the present cross-sectional study. Patients were categorized according to the type of drug used and gender. Group 1 (G1) patients treated with rosuvastatin, group 2 (G2) patients treated with atorvastatin, group 3 (G3) patients treated with ezetimibe, and group 4 (G4) patients treated with combination of ezetimibe + simvastatin. Lipid profile was determined using enzymatic method. Results: The combination of ezetimibe + simvastatin has a better effect to lower the body mass index. Ezetimibe alone reduces total cholesterol (TC), whereas combination of ezetimibe + simvastatin was found to reduce TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TG). Rosuvastatin raises the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Conclusions: The combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin gives a good result in reducing the level of TC in the body, and this leads to a better reduction of LDL-cholesterol than using atorvastatin alone.
{"title":"Impact of lipid-lowering drugs on lipid profile in hyperlipidemia patients","authors":"Khawla A. Shemran, Sarah Edin, A. Alta'ee","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_282_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_282_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hyperlipidemia is an umbrella term for any of the genetic or acquired disorders that result in an elevated level of lipids circulating in the blood. These lipids can enter the walls of arteries and increase the risk of developing hardening of the arteries, which can lead to atherosclerosis, stroke, and heart attack. Objectives: The present study tries to investigate the impact of lipid-lowering drugs on lipid profile in patients with hyperlipidemia and to determine the best drug of choice in such patients. Materials and Methods: Sixty hyperlipidemia patients with the mean age of 45.52 ± 13.24 years admitted to a private clinic in Hilla city, Iraq, during a period extant from October 2022 to November 2022 were subjected to the present cross-sectional study. Patients were categorized according to the type of drug used and gender. Group 1 (G1) patients treated with rosuvastatin, group 2 (G2) patients treated with atorvastatin, group 3 (G3) patients treated with ezetimibe, and group 4 (G4) patients treated with combination of ezetimibe + simvastatin. Lipid profile was determined using enzymatic method. Results: The combination of ezetimibe + simvastatin has a better effect to lower the body mass index. Ezetimibe alone reduces total cholesterol (TC), whereas combination of ezetimibe + simvastatin was found to reduce TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TG). Rosuvastatin raises the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Conclusions: The combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin gives a good result in reducing the level of TC in the body, and this leads to a better reduction of LDL-cholesterol than using atorvastatin alone.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"274 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47784130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_404_23
Abbas Al-Anbari
Background: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is not an uncommon entity in the population. Objectives: In the current study, we discuss our experience in the management of 234 case series with tracheobronchial foreign body removal using bronchoscopy. Materials and Methods: The bronchoscopy database (from 2021 to 2022) was reviewed for subjects with a history of FBA managed with bronchoscopy. Demographic, clinical, and bronchoscopy data were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 234 bronchoscopies were carried out for FBA throughout the study period. FBA was more prevalent in children under the age of two (29%) and in patients over the age of ten (24%). In 205 patients, a foreign corpse was found (87.6%). The majority of organic foreign bodies were sunflower seeds (22.4%). Nonetheless, the metallic pins (25.3%) were the most frequent foreign body. The preferred location for the impaction was the right major bronchus (45.9%). Just 90.2% of these individuals had a foreign body. History had an 89.7% sensitivity and a 31% specificity for detecting FBA. Laryngeal edema, which afflicted 32 patients (13.7%), and recurrent chronic chest infection, which affected 13 patients (5.5%), were the most frequent bronchoscopy-related side effects. Conclusions: Foreign body inhalation most frequently impacted children aged 1–2 years. The history is a major element in the diagnosis, and bronchoscopy findings were strongly correlated with the patient’s history of the incident. The most frequent clinical symptom among individuals who had a proven foreign body but no history of inhalation was protracted pneumonia. The location of the most frequent foreign body lodgment in the tracheobronchial tree depends on the type of foreign body, with metallic pins occurring more commonly in the left main bronchus. Laryngeal edema, which occurred in 13.7% of bronchoscopy patients, was the most frequent complication.
{"title":"Tracheobronchial foreign body inhalation: Experience of 234 case series","authors":"Abbas Al-Anbari","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_404_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_404_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is not an uncommon entity in the population. Objectives: In the current study, we discuss our experience in the management of 234 case series with tracheobronchial foreign body removal using bronchoscopy. Materials and Methods: The bronchoscopy database (from 2021 to 2022) was reviewed for subjects with a history of FBA managed with bronchoscopy. Demographic, clinical, and bronchoscopy data were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 234 bronchoscopies were carried out for FBA throughout the study period. FBA was more prevalent in children under the age of two (29%) and in patients over the age of ten (24%). In 205 patients, a foreign corpse was found (87.6%). The majority of organic foreign bodies were sunflower seeds (22.4%). Nonetheless, the metallic pins (25.3%) were the most frequent foreign body. The preferred location for the impaction was the right major bronchus (45.9%). Just 90.2% of these individuals had a foreign body. History had an 89.7% sensitivity and a 31% specificity for detecting FBA. Laryngeal edema, which afflicted 32 patients (13.7%), and recurrent chronic chest infection, which affected 13 patients (5.5%), were the most frequent bronchoscopy-related side effects. Conclusions: Foreign body inhalation most frequently impacted children aged 1–2 years. The history is a major element in the diagnosis, and bronchoscopy findings were strongly correlated with the patient’s history of the incident. The most frequent clinical symptom among individuals who had a proven foreign body but no history of inhalation was protracted pneumonia. The location of the most frequent foreign body lodgment in the tracheobronchial tree depends on the type of foreign body, with metallic pins occurring more commonly in the left main bronchus. Laryngeal edema, which occurred in 13.7% of bronchoscopy patients, was the most frequent complication.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"406 - 411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46038984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_183_22
S. Amen, B. Rasool, Dina Shehata, Ban Al-Hadeethi, Reveen Maqdasy, San Qader, Bareq Hashim Al Lami, Ana Albuquerque, Z. Affas, S. Yousif, Payam Maaroof
Background: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is idiopathic cardiomyopathy that presents during the last trimester or the first several months after delivery and it is a serious complication of pregnancy. Objectives: The aim was to assess the most common risk factors seen among pregnant women leading to PPCM and factors that are associated with better outcomes after therapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients who presented to the outpatient cardiology clinic and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of the European Society of Cardiology were recruited to participate in the study. A detailed history was obtained and left ventricular measurements were evaluated using M-mode, 2-dimentional, and Simpson methods to estimate the ejection fraction. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 34.7 ± 5.2 years. Multiparous women constituted 60% of the study sample. Gestational age at presentation ranged between 28 and 38 weeks, with a mean of 32.9 ± 2.6. Being overweight was a common feature as 60% of patients had above-normal body mass index. Family history was reported in 50% of patients, followed by passive smoking (35%), hypertension (25%), thyroid disorders (30%), and type II diabetes mellitus (20%). The mean left ventricular ejection fraction at the time of diagnosis was 32.3% ± 6.7% with an increase to 44.2% ± 8.9% at follow-up. Younger patients were more likely to regain normal left ventricular function following diagnosis (P = 0.005). Conclusion: These preliminary results strongly demonstrate that advanced maternal age, anemia, multiparity, and family history were the most common risk factors seen among our population.
{"title":"Most common risk factors associated with peripartum cardiomyopathy amongst Kurdish population","authors":"S. Amen, B. Rasool, Dina Shehata, Ban Al-Hadeethi, Reveen Maqdasy, San Qader, Bareq Hashim Al Lami, Ana Albuquerque, Z. Affas, S. Yousif, Payam Maaroof","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_183_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_183_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is idiopathic cardiomyopathy that presents during the last trimester or the first several months after delivery and it is a serious complication of pregnancy. Objectives: The aim was to assess the most common risk factors seen among pregnant women leading to PPCM and factors that are associated with better outcomes after therapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients who presented to the outpatient cardiology clinic and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of the European Society of Cardiology were recruited to participate in the study. A detailed history was obtained and left ventricular measurements were evaluated using M-mode, 2-dimentional, and Simpson methods to estimate the ejection fraction. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 34.7 ± 5.2 years. Multiparous women constituted 60% of the study sample. Gestational age at presentation ranged between 28 and 38 weeks, with a mean of 32.9 ± 2.6. Being overweight was a common feature as 60% of patients had above-normal body mass index. Family history was reported in 50% of patients, followed by passive smoking (35%), hypertension (25%), thyroid disorders (30%), and type II diabetes mellitus (20%). The mean left ventricular ejection fraction at the time of diagnosis was 32.3% ± 6.7% with an increase to 44.2% ± 8.9% at follow-up. Younger patients were more likely to regain normal left ventricular function following diagnosis (P = 0.005). Conclusion: These preliminary results strongly demonstrate that advanced maternal age, anemia, multiparity, and family history were the most common risk factors seen among our population.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"249 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41774226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aliyaa S. K. AL-Shimmery, Marwan Al-Alwany, Zainab Chabuck, R. AL–Mammori, T. Mokif, Zena Mahdi, Hussein O. M. Al-Dahmoshi, Noor Al-Khafaji, Hayder Abdul-Amir Makki Al-Hindy, Suhad Abed, Hadi Abdulabbas
Background: Gastrointestinal (GIT) tumors refer to collection of tumor including colorectal, gastric, liver, and pancreatic tumors and other. Objective: The current study aims to measure the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and vitamin D3 among GIT tumor patients comparing with irritable bowel disease (IBD) patients and healthy control. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were taken from 88 participants (42 from malignant GIT tumor, 29 from benign GIT tumor, 10 from IBD (as positive control), and 7 from health individual (as negative control)). All patients admitted in GIT center of Babylon in Merjan Medical city at April up to December 2020. The TNF-α, IL-17, and vitamin D3 level were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA. Results: The result showed younger men are more prevalent with malignant GIT tumor with mean age (53.39 years) than benign GIT tumor as well as IBD. There is an significant increase in TNF-α (Least Significant Difference (LSD = 1.79) levels of malignant GIT tumor when compared with other groups (mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) = 23.7 ± 8.1, 20.4 ± 2.8, 18.9 ± 2.66, and 18.1 ± 2.78 pg/mL for malignant GIT, benign GIT, IBD, and healthy persons respectively). Results of IL-17 level also reveal a significant increase (LSD = 13.2) of malignant GIT tumor when compared with other groups (mean ± SD = 222.2 ± 73.5, 128.2 ± 35.5, 201.5 ± 39.4, and 164.2 ± 44.1 pg/mL for malignant GIT, benign GIT, IBD, and healthy persons, respectively). Inverse results were documented for vitamin D3 level, in which a significant decrease (LSD = 23.45) in the levels of malignant GIT tumor was observed when compared with other groups (mean ± SD = 204.2 ± 24.3, 306.1 ± 97.2, 453.2 ± 78.2, 368 ± 78.0 pg/mL for malignant GIT, benign GIT, IBD, and healthy persons, respectively). Conclusion: The current study concluded that early age men get affected with malignant GIT tumor in Iraqi population giving a hint to that the population at high risk to involved with such tumor as well as other tumor types with elevated level of TNF-α and IL-17 and decreased level of vitamin D3. More and more studies with large number of patients should be recommended to exclude the factors in which that may lead to such conditions.
{"title":"Assessment of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-17, and vitamin D3 levels on a group of gastrointestinal tumor patients in Babylon Provence, Iraq","authors":"Aliyaa S. K. AL-Shimmery, Marwan Al-Alwany, Zainab Chabuck, R. AL–Mammori, T. Mokif, Zena Mahdi, Hussein O. M. Al-Dahmoshi, Noor Al-Khafaji, Hayder Abdul-Amir Makki Al-Hindy, Suhad Abed, Hadi Abdulabbas","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_94_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_94_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastrointestinal (GIT) tumors refer to collection of tumor including colorectal, gastric, liver, and pancreatic tumors and other. Objective: The current study aims to measure the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and vitamin D3 among GIT tumor patients comparing with irritable bowel disease (IBD) patients and healthy control. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were taken from 88 participants (42 from malignant GIT tumor, 29 from benign GIT tumor, 10 from IBD (as positive control), and 7 from health individual (as negative control)). All patients admitted in GIT center of Babylon in Merjan Medical city at April up to December 2020. The TNF-α, IL-17, and vitamin D3 level were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay (ELISA. Results: The result showed younger men are more prevalent with malignant GIT tumor with mean age (53.39 years) than benign GIT tumor as well as IBD. There is an significant increase in TNF-α (Least Significant Difference (LSD = 1.79) levels of malignant GIT tumor when compared with other groups (mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) = 23.7 ± 8.1, 20.4 ± 2.8, 18.9 ± 2.66, and 18.1 ± 2.78 pg/mL for malignant GIT, benign GIT, IBD, and healthy persons respectively). Results of IL-17 level also reveal a significant increase (LSD = 13.2) of malignant GIT tumor when compared with other groups (mean ± SD = 222.2 ± 73.5, 128.2 ± 35.5, 201.5 ± 39.4, and 164.2 ± 44.1 pg/mL for malignant GIT, benign GIT, IBD, and healthy persons, respectively). Inverse results were documented for vitamin D3 level, in which a significant decrease (LSD = 23.45) in the levels of malignant GIT tumor was observed when compared with other groups (mean ± SD = 204.2 ± 24.3, 306.1 ± 97.2, 453.2 ± 78.2, 368 ± 78.0 pg/mL for malignant GIT, benign GIT, IBD, and healthy persons, respectively). Conclusion: The current study concluded that early age men get affected with malignant GIT tumor in Iraqi population giving a hint to that the population at high risk to involved with such tumor as well as other tumor types with elevated level of TNF-α and IL-17 and decreased level of vitamin D3. More and more studies with large number of patients should be recommended to exclude the factors in which that may lead to such conditions.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"362 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48002396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_101_23
M. Tariq, Munther Natheer, Rami Allo
Background: The total hip arthroplasty surgery is an effectiveness intervention to improve patients function with osteoarthritis. This surgery is usually done for patients who aged more than 60 years and are associated with uncontrolled pain or hopeless damage hip joints. The effect of diabetes disease at post-surgical time, influencing on wounds healing process and promoting sores formation which lead to a complex of nursing care performance for patients has a big challenge, to deal with patients and their family feeling to help them to promote independence. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the nursing management for diabetic patients undergoing surgical total hip replacement. Materials and Methods: A case–control study design applied on diabetic patients with a hip operation after fractured hip at orthopedic wards at Al-Rabea and Ninevah private hospitals in Mosul city. The study was conducted from September 10, 2022 until December 10, 2022. Postoperative nursing care provided to the control group was the daily common nursing care management in our hospitals, whereas that provided to the study group depended on a special standard nursing care management protocol. Results: Evaluation of postoperative disorders and complications showed a positive direction in decreasing their occurrence after depending on a special standard nursing care management protocol. Conclusions: The study concludes that all the postoperative complication may be relieved after total hip replacement as any surgical intervention if the orthopedic nursing staff applied the standard tool for nursing care management.
{"title":"Effect of nursing care regarding postoperative complications among diabetic patients after hip replacement surgery","authors":"M. Tariq, Munther Natheer, Rami Allo","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_101_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_101_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The total hip arthroplasty surgery is an effectiveness intervention to improve patients function with osteoarthritis. This surgery is usually done for patients who aged more than 60 years and are associated with uncontrolled pain or hopeless damage hip joints. The effect of diabetes disease at post-surgical time, influencing on wounds healing process and promoting sores formation which lead to a complex of nursing care performance for patients has a big challenge, to deal with patients and their family feeling to help them to promote independence. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the nursing management for diabetic patients undergoing surgical total hip replacement. Materials and Methods: A case–control study design applied on diabetic patients with a hip operation after fractured hip at orthopedic wards at Al-Rabea and Ninevah private hospitals in Mosul city. The study was conducted from September 10, 2022 until December 10, 2022. Postoperative nursing care provided to the control group was the daily common nursing care management in our hospitals, whereas that provided to the study group depended on a special standard nursing care management protocol. Results: Evaluation of postoperative disorders and complications showed a positive direction in decreasing their occurrence after depending on a special standard nursing care management protocol. Conclusions: The study concludes that all the postoperative complication may be relieved after total hip replacement as any surgical intervention if the orthopedic nursing staff applied the standard tool for nursing care management.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"412 - 416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49481134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_299_23
Faleeha Hussien
Chikungunya is a disease caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus transmitted by a mosquito. This disease has spread to different countries around the world with many outbreaks occurring. Even though CHIKV had already been a mystery since its isolation in 1952, the article provides an overview of the disease’s prevalence, historical background, clinical signs, methods of transmission, laboratory diagnosis, and remedies utilized.
{"title":"An overview of Chikungunya disease, origins, symptoms, transmission, route of infection, diagnosis, and treatment","authors":"Faleeha Hussien","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_299_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_299_23","url":null,"abstract":"Chikungunya is a disease caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus transmitted by a mosquito. This disease has spread to different countries around the world with many outbreaks occurring. Even though CHIKV had already been a mystery since its isolation in 1952, the article provides an overview of the disease’s prevalence, historical background, clinical signs, methods of transmission, laboratory diagnosis, and remedies utilized.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"240 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45150061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sreenidhi Sediguli, Raghu Gowda, Rupa Ranganathan, S. Kumar B.
Background and Objectives: Diagnostic accuracy of breast MR is higher than the routinely used sonomammography and digital mammography. There are mixed reports regarding usefulness of breast MR imaging regarding the tumor size estimation. The objective of this study was to determine which modality can assess the exact tumor dimension in comparison with corresponding tumor dimension at pathologic examinations. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study, 68 patients who came for screening diagnostic mammogram and who had breast lesions of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) category 3 and more were evaluated. All patients underwent bilateral digital mammography and targeted high-frequency sonography of the primary lesion. Those patients who were thought to possibly have breast cancer and to be candidates for surgical management were offered bilateral contrast-enhanced breast MRI. Tumor size was evaluated by digital mammography, sonomammography, contrast-enhanced mammography, and compared with histopathology reports. Results: Size of the lesions as measured by DM or SM correlated well with the size determined through breast MR (r = 0.975, P < 0.01). There was a statistically significant difference between the measured sizes of lesions between breast MR and HPE (P = 0.76). Breast MR imaging, true size was overestimated in 28 breasts with range of 0–0.6 cm and underestimated in 25 breasts with range of 0–0.9 cm. Conclusion: Breast MR imaging depicts more accurate dimensions of the tumor and its extensions than digital and sonomammography.
{"title":"Tumor size assessment with three breast imaging modalities: Finding which is best?","authors":"Sreenidhi Sediguli, Raghu Gowda, Rupa Ranganathan, S. Kumar B.","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_18_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_18_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Diagnostic accuracy of breast MR is higher than the routinely used sonomammography and digital mammography. There are mixed reports regarding usefulness of breast MR imaging regarding the tumor size estimation. The objective of this study was to determine which modality can assess the exact tumor dimension in comparison with corresponding tumor dimension at pathologic examinations. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study, 68 patients who came for screening diagnostic mammogram and who had breast lesions of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) category 3 and more were evaluated. All patients underwent bilateral digital mammography and targeted high-frequency sonography of the primary lesion. Those patients who were thought to possibly have breast cancer and to be candidates for surgical management were offered bilateral contrast-enhanced breast MRI. Tumor size was evaluated by digital mammography, sonomammography, contrast-enhanced mammography, and compared with histopathology reports. Results: Size of the lesions as measured by DM or SM correlated well with the size determined through breast MR (r = 0.975, P < 0.01). There was a statistically significant difference between the measured sizes of lesions between breast MR and HPE (P = 0.76). Breast MR imaging, true size was overestimated in 28 breasts with range of 0–0.6 cm and underestimated in 25 breasts with range of 0–0.9 cm. Conclusion: Breast MR imaging depicts more accurate dimensions of the tumor and its extensions than digital and sonomammography.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"244 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44419433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_233_22
Dina Abbood, Zeena Obaid Alwan
Background: The ability of Escherichia coli to build biofilms leads to the development of numerous diseases and makes their removal challenging. In addition to being the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), E. coli has been linked to disease in almost every area of the human body. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the uropathogenic E. coli biofilm development using molecular and biochemical methods. Materials and Methods: Out of the total 117 urine samples obtained from UTI patients and diagnosed by selective media EMB (eosin methylene blue agar) and Vitek2 system, antibiotic sensitivity test, biofilm formation assay, and molecular detection of genes encoding for adhesion factors using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique were done. Results: Fifty E. coli isolates from both sexes of different ages were isolated; the UTI rate in females was 82% and in males was 18%. The result of the antibiotic sensitivity test, in terms of the percentage of resistance, was as follows: ampicillin, 50%; amoxicillin-clavulanate, 98%; ceftazidime, 72%; cefotaxime, 68%; aztreonam, 26%; gentamicin, 48%; levofloxacin, 36%; and trimethoprim, 52%, so that a high percentage of multidurg resistance resulted in the current study was 88%. The results of the quantification of biofilm formation revealed that all isolates produced biofilm with the following percentages: five (10%) as strong adherents, 36 (72%) as moderate biofilm producers, and nine (18%) were weak producers. The prevalence of genes fimH, csgA, and ag43 was 92%, 98%, and 92%, respectively, the result of detection of genes encoding for adhesion factors using PCR technique. Conclusions: The biofilm phenotype was indicated in all E. coli isolates and can confer virulence behavior and considered as a great challenging health problem and there is a significant association between adherent factor’s genes (fimH, csgA, ag43) and the ability to produce biofilm within E. coli isolates.
{"title":"Molecular detection of genes encoding for adhesion factors in biofilm formation among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates","authors":"Dina Abbood, Zeena Obaid Alwan","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_233_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_233_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The ability of Escherichia coli to build biofilms leads to the development of numerous diseases and makes their removal challenging. In addition to being the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), E. coli has been linked to disease in almost every area of the human body. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the uropathogenic E. coli biofilm development using molecular and biochemical methods. Materials and Methods: Out of the total 117 urine samples obtained from UTI patients and diagnosed by selective media EMB (eosin methylene blue agar) and Vitek2 system, antibiotic sensitivity test, biofilm formation assay, and molecular detection of genes encoding for adhesion factors using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique were done. Results: Fifty E. coli isolates from both sexes of different ages were isolated; the UTI rate in females was 82% and in males was 18%. The result of the antibiotic sensitivity test, in terms of the percentage of resistance, was as follows: ampicillin, 50%; amoxicillin-clavulanate, 98%; ceftazidime, 72%; cefotaxime, 68%; aztreonam, 26%; gentamicin, 48%; levofloxacin, 36%; and trimethoprim, 52%, so that a high percentage of multidurg resistance resulted in the current study was 88%. The results of the quantification of biofilm formation revealed that all isolates produced biofilm with the following percentages: five (10%) as strong adherents, 36 (72%) as moderate biofilm producers, and nine (18%) were weak producers. The prevalence of genes fimH, csgA, and ag43 was 92%, 98%, and 92%, respectively, the result of detection of genes encoding for adhesion factors using PCR technique. Conclusions: The biofilm phenotype was indicated in all E. coli isolates and can confer virulence behavior and considered as a great challenging health problem and there is a significant association between adherent factor’s genes (fimH, csgA, ag43) and the ability to produce biofilm within E. coli isolates.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"258 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44432007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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