Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_582_23
Rawaz Sharif, N. Jawad
Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a major surgical procedure and the preferred treatment of choice for renal calculi (medium and large) size. Objectives: The study aims to determine complications between mini-PCNL and standard-PCNL, which is a comparative study to show which one has fewer complications and is safer for a patient with better outcomes. Materials and Methods: In a 1-year prospective study, clinical data from 44 patients who underwent PCNL (standard and mini) type between February 2021 and March 2022 for renal stones in Erbil city. Inclusion criteria included patients with renal stones (stag-horn, partial stag-horn, and non-stag-horn) and who are performing PCNL procedures. The exclusion criteria included patients who have a contraindication for doing PCNL. Results: Forty-four patients participated in the study, 17 underwent mini-PCNL, and 27 underwent standard PCNL. The mean hospital stay among the standard PCNL group (2.5 days) was significantly (P = 0.005) higher than that of the mini-PCNL group (1.7 days). Postoperative fever, infection, and sepsis (25%), bleeding (15.9%), hematuria (65.9%), and retained stone (20.5%). However, the differences in these rates were not significant between the groups. The rate of extravasation in the standard PCNL group (25.9%) was significantly (P = 0.032) higher than that of the mini-PCNL group (0%). Around two-thirds (64.7%) of the mini-PCNL group had no pain, compared with only 11.1% of the standard PCNL group (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The effectiveness of mini-PCNL is still under observation. Mini-PCNL postoperatively with less pain and limitation of blood loss, and less hospitalization for patients, with excellent results for stone free in comparison with standard PCNL.
{"title":"Complications of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A comparative study","authors":"Rawaz Sharif, N. Jawad","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_582_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_582_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a major surgical procedure and the preferred treatment of choice for renal calculi (medium and large) size. Objectives: The study aims to determine complications between mini-PCNL and standard-PCNL, which is a comparative study to show which one has fewer complications and is safer for a patient with better outcomes. Materials and Methods: In a 1-year prospective study, clinical data from 44 patients who underwent PCNL (standard and mini) type between February 2021 and March 2022 for renal stones in Erbil city. Inclusion criteria included patients with renal stones (stag-horn, partial stag-horn, and non-stag-horn) and who are performing PCNL procedures. The exclusion criteria included patients who have a contraindication for doing PCNL. Results: Forty-four patients participated in the study, 17 underwent mini-PCNL, and 27 underwent standard PCNL. The mean hospital stay among the standard PCNL group (2.5 days) was significantly (P = 0.005) higher than that of the mini-PCNL group (1.7 days). Postoperative fever, infection, and sepsis (25%), bleeding (15.9%), hematuria (65.9%), and retained stone (20.5%). However, the differences in these rates were not significant between the groups. The rate of extravasation in the standard PCNL group (25.9%) was significantly (P = 0.032) higher than that of the mini-PCNL group (0%). Around two-thirds (64.7%) of the mini-PCNL group had no pain, compared with only 11.1% of the standard PCNL group (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The effectiveness of mini-PCNL is still under observation. Mini-PCNL postoperatively with less pain and limitation of blood loss, and less hospitalization for patients, with excellent results for stone free in comparison with standard PCNL.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"14 1","pages":"608 - 613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_301_23
Emad Hamza, S. Fazaa
Background: Staphylococcus aureus, especially those that are multidrug-resistant, constitute a public health problem worldwide. It has been represented as the most common causative agent of skin infections, wound infections, and bacteremia. Objective: The purpose of the current study was to determine the incidence of S. aureus antibiotic resistance through bacteria collection from various clinical locations in a number of hospitals in the Babylon province. Materials and Methods: During the research, 429 clinical samples were collected from hospitals in the Babylon Health Directorate between July 2022 and February 2023. The samples were cultured in routine selective media, and the bacterial isolates were found according to different testing biochemically. The disc diffusion method was used in an antibacterial sensitivity test. Results: Of 429 different specimens, 284 (66.2%) showed bacterial growth. After using manual methods to identify species, 171 (60.21%) of 284 isolates are Staphylococcus spp. From 171 Staph species, 61 (35.67%) were S. aureus. These isolates award a maximum rate of sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (90%) and chloramphenicol (95%) and showed a maximum ratio of resistance to penicillin (91%) and cefoxitin (85%). Conclusion: High prevalence of S. aureus 61 (35.67%) from 171 Staphylococcus species. Antibiotics indicated a high ratio of sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (90%) and chloramphenicol (95%) and indicated a high ratio of resistance to penicillin (91%) and cefoxitin (85%). The purpose of the current study was to determine the incidence S. aureus antibiotic resistance through bacteria collection from various clinical locations in a number of hospitals in the Babylon province.
{"title":"Antibiotic effectiveness against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical cases in babylon hospitals","authors":"Emad Hamza, S. Fazaa","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_301_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_301_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Staphylococcus aureus, especially those that are multidrug-resistant, constitute a public health problem worldwide. It has been represented as the most common causative agent of skin infections, wound infections, and bacteremia. Objective: The purpose of the current study was to determine the incidence of S. aureus antibiotic resistance through bacteria collection from various clinical locations in a number of hospitals in the Babylon province. Materials and Methods: During the research, 429 clinical samples were collected from hospitals in the Babylon Health Directorate between July 2022 and February 2023. The samples were cultured in routine selective media, and the bacterial isolates were found according to different testing biochemically. The disc diffusion method was used in an antibacterial sensitivity test. Results: Of 429 different specimens, 284 (66.2%) showed bacterial growth. After using manual methods to identify species, 171 (60.21%) of 284 isolates are Staphylococcus spp. From 171 Staph species, 61 (35.67%) were S. aureus. These isolates award a maximum rate of sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (90%) and chloramphenicol (95%) and showed a maximum ratio of resistance to penicillin (91%) and cefoxitin (85%). Conclusion: High prevalence of S. aureus 61 (35.67%) from 171 Staphylococcus species. Antibiotics indicated a high ratio of sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (90%) and chloramphenicol (95%) and indicated a high ratio of resistance to penicillin (91%) and cefoxitin (85%). The purpose of the current study was to determine the incidence S. aureus antibiotic resistance through bacteria collection from various clinical locations in a number of hospitals in the Babylon province.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"2 1","pages":"536 - 539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_123_23
Wael Alfatlawi, Mohammed Al-Saadi, Adil Ali Akbar
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory immune disease that primarily affects the joints and has its root cause in immune system malfunction. It is unclear what causes RA, but research points to a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and microbial infections. Objectives: This study aimed to illustrate the relationship between RA and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Materials and Methods: The work was performed on 50 RA subjects of various ages, ranging from 25 to 75 years of age, who were treated at the rheumatology clinic in the city of Medical Marjan between February 2022 and October 2022. Blood samples were used for DNA extraction. VEGF-A.HLA-DRB1 and mycoplasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The results show a significant increase in the serum concentration level of VEGF-A in RA patients infected with M. pneumoniae as compared to healthy individuals, but the results of RA patients with M. pneumoniae infections and RA patients without M. pneumoniae infections were nonsignificant (P > 0.05). The results showed a significant increase in the serum concentration level of HLA-DRB1 in the RA patients infected with M. pneumoniae as compared to the RA patients noninfected with M. pneumoniae and healthy individuals. Conclusions: In HLA-DRB1, the SNP rs35445101 shows that A allele behavior as recessive pathogenic allele in which the individual that carries AA genotype has a susceptibility to the disease 9.75 fold compared to an individual that carries GG and AG genotype (odds ratio 9.75 confidence interval 95% 1.19–79.78).
背景：类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种炎症性免疫疾病，主要影响关节，其根本原因是免疫系统功能失调。目前尚不清楚 RA 的病因，但研究指出，它与遗传易感性、环境暴露和微生物感染有关。研究目的本研究旨在说明 RA 与肺炎支原体之间的关系。材料和方法：研究对象为 2022 年 2 月至 2022 年 10 月期间在医学马尔扬市风湿病诊所接受治疗的 50 名不同年龄的 RA 受试者，年龄从 25 岁至 75 岁不等。血液样本用于提取 DNA。通过酶联免疫吸附试验检测血管内皮生长因子-A、HLA-DRB1和支原体。结果显示结果显示，与健康人相比，感染肺炎双球菌的RA患者血清中VEGF-A浓度水平明显升高，但感染肺炎双球菌的RA患者与未感染肺炎双球菌的RA患者的结果差异无学意义（P>0.05）。结果显示，与未感染肺炎双球菌的 RA 患者和健康人相比，感染肺炎双球菌的 RA 患者血清中 HLA-DRB1 的浓度水平明显升高。结论在HLA-DRB1中，SNP rs35445101显示A等位基因是隐性致病等位基因，与携带GG和AG基因型的个体相比，携带AA基因型的个体对疾病的易感性增加了9.75倍（几率比9.75，置信区间95% 1.19-79.78）。
{"title":"Study the association of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and (rs35445101) HLA-DRB1gene polymorphism with the immune susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Wael Alfatlawi, Mohammed Al-Saadi, Adil Ali Akbar","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_123_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_123_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory immune disease that primarily affects the joints and has its root cause in immune system malfunction. It is unclear what causes RA, but research points to a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and microbial infections. Objectives: This study aimed to illustrate the relationship between RA and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Materials and Methods: The work was performed on 50 RA subjects of various ages, ranging from 25 to 75 years of age, who were treated at the rheumatology clinic in the city of Medical Marjan between February 2022 and October 2022. Blood samples were used for DNA extraction. VEGF-A.HLA-DRB1 and mycoplasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The results show a significant increase in the serum concentration level of VEGF-A in RA patients infected with M. pneumoniae as compared to healthy individuals, but the results of RA patients with M. pneumoniae infections and RA patients without M. pneumoniae infections were nonsignificant (P > 0.05). The results showed a significant increase in the serum concentration level of HLA-DRB1 in the RA patients infected with M. pneumoniae as compared to the RA patients noninfected with M. pneumoniae and healthy individuals. Conclusions: In HLA-DRB1, the SNP rs35445101 shows that A allele behavior as recessive pathogenic allele in which the individual that carries AA genotype has a susceptibility to the disease 9.75 fold compared to an individual that carries GG and AG genotype (odds ratio 9.75 confidence interval 95% 1.19–79.78).","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"13 1","pages":"491 - 496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_359_22
Haider A. Asal, A. Diajil, F. Al-Asady
Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of oral mucosal surfaces. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if salivary IL-8 levels changed after autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy and to assess its therapeutic effects on OLP. Materials and Methods: For each patient, demography, social, medical, and medication history was recorded. Before receiving 0.5 mL of PRP for each square centimeter of lesion, each patient was examined for phenotype, color, size, and site of OLP lesions. Patient’s salivary samples were taken between 8 and 11 AM. Three to four milliliters of saliva was obtained from each patient. ELISA kit for IL-8 using a sandwich-ELISA technique, to measure salivary IL-8 before and after PRP injections. Each patient had signed a consent form to participate in this study. Results: Thirteen OLP patients took part in this study, six males (46.2%) and seven females (53.8%). Patients were between 32 and 79 years of age, with a mean age of 60.2 ± 13.9 years. Mean salivary IL-8 was (459.94 ± 233.74 pg/mL) before PRP injections and (465.68 ± 158.30 pg/mL) after PRP injections with no significant difference; however, IL-8 was higher after PRP injections. No association was found in salivary IL-8 level in relation to color changes, signs, and symptoms; pain and burning sensation, lesion phenotype, size, and location. Conclusion: Majority of OLP lesions showed an increased salivary IL-8 level after PRP treatment. PRP injections relieved OLP lesions’ signs and symptoms, and turned hyperemic lesions into normal mucosal color, but lesions’ dimensions were resistant to change.
{"title":"Effects of intralesional platelets-rich plasma injections on oral lichen planus lesions and salivary interleukin-8","authors":"Haider A. Asal, A. Diajil, F. Al-Asady","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_359_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_359_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of oral mucosal surfaces. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if salivary IL-8 levels changed after autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy and to assess its therapeutic effects on OLP. Materials and Methods: For each patient, demography, social, medical, and medication history was recorded. Before receiving 0.5 mL of PRP for each square centimeter of lesion, each patient was examined for phenotype, color, size, and site of OLP lesions. Patient’s salivary samples were taken between 8 and 11 AM. Three to four milliliters of saliva was obtained from each patient. ELISA kit for IL-8 using a sandwich-ELISA technique, to measure salivary IL-8 before and after PRP injections. Each patient had signed a consent form to participate in this study. Results: Thirteen OLP patients took part in this study, six males (46.2%) and seven females (53.8%). Patients were between 32 and 79 years of age, with a mean age of 60.2 ± 13.9 years. Mean salivary IL-8 was (459.94 ± 233.74 pg/mL) before PRP injections and (465.68 ± 158.30 pg/mL) after PRP injections with no significant difference; however, IL-8 was higher after PRP injections. No association was found in salivary IL-8 level in relation to color changes, signs, and symptoms; pain and burning sensation, lesion phenotype, size, and location. Conclusion: Majority of OLP lesions showed an increased salivary IL-8 level after PRP treatment. PRP injections relieved OLP lesions’ signs and symptoms, and turned hyperemic lesions into normal mucosal color, but lesions’ dimensions were resistant to change.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"457 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_1176_23
A. Al-Imam, N. Al-Hadithi, Faisel Alissa, Michał Michalak
{"title":"Generative artificial intelligence in academic medical writing","authors":"A. Al-Imam, N. Al-Hadithi, Faisel Alissa, Michał Michalak","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_1176_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_1176_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"66 1","pages":"654 - 656"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_391_23
Reyadh Al-Mosawi, Noor Alebadi
Corticosteroids are class of human-made or synthetic drugs used in almost every medical specialty. They lower inflammation in the body by reducing the production of certain chemicals. At higher doses, corticosteroids also reduce immune system activity. Corticosteroids are commonly prescribed for a variety of indications due to the wide range of effects on the human body. Although they exhibit many therapeutic uses, corticosteroids are, unfortunately, known for their many dose—and duration—dependent toxicities. The purpose of this review is to explore indications for corticosteroid use, mechanism of action, review the toxicity of corticosteroids, and adverse effects and their management.
{"title":"Usage of corticosteroids as therapeutic agents in diseases","authors":"Reyadh Al-Mosawi, Noor Alebadi","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_391_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_391_23","url":null,"abstract":"Corticosteroids are class of human-made or synthetic drugs used in almost every medical specialty. They lower inflammation in the body by reducing the production of certain chemicals. At higher doses, corticosteroids also reduce immune system activity. Corticosteroids are commonly prescribed for a variety of indications due to the wide range of effects on the human body. Although they exhibit many therapeutic uses, corticosteroids are, unfortunately, known for their many dose—and duration—dependent toxicities. The purpose of this review is to explore indications for corticosteroid use, mechanism of action, review the toxicity of corticosteroids, and adverse effects and their management.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"3 1","pages":"447 - 450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_124_23
F. Al-Asady, Tuqa Omran, Fatima Abood
Background: Rapid diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is an important tool to control its outbreak. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the spreading of COVID-19 and the immunological responses toward COVID-19 infection with qualitative determination of both IgM and IgG. Materials and Methods: The current work involved a total of 803 individuals. The study involved the use of Biozek COVID-19 antigen fast kit. Results: In this study, 487 (60.6%) were male, and 316 (39.4%) were female. Patients aged from 3 to 75 years. The majority of patients were located within the age group of 11–20 years. Significant correlation was obtained between chronic diseases and age of patients. In spite of that the majority of patients without chronic diseases, the patients that had those chronic diseases were exceeded 40 years old. A highly significant correlation between the presence of symptoms and the IgM level in the serum of patients. IgG level was found to be in a significant correlation with the previous COVID-19 infection (109 patients). Moreover, a significant correlation was reported between the level of IgG and chronic diseases (101 patients). Conclusion: Serological method is beneficial in detecting IgM and IgG for COVID-19 and has a crucial role in diagnosing symptomatic and even asymptomatic patients, encouraging the early treatment protocols in case of severely ill patients. It can assist in assessing the immunological behavior of patients.
{"title":"Humoral immunity role in diagnosis of COVID-19 among people visited to a tertiary care hospital in Hilla City","authors":"F. Al-Asady, Tuqa Omran, Fatima Abood","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_124_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_124_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rapid diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is an important tool to control its outbreak. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the spreading of COVID-19 and the immunological responses toward COVID-19 infection with qualitative determination of both IgM and IgG. Materials and Methods: The current work involved a total of 803 individuals. The study involved the use of Biozek COVID-19 antigen fast kit. Results: In this study, 487 (60.6%) were male, and 316 (39.4%) were female. Patients aged from 3 to 75 years. The majority of patients were located within the age group of 11–20 years. Significant correlation was obtained between chronic diseases and age of patients. In spite of that the majority of patients without chronic diseases, the patients that had those chronic diseases were exceeded 40 years old. A highly significant correlation between the presence of symptoms and the IgM level in the serum of patients. IgG level was found to be in a significant correlation with the previous COVID-19 infection (109 patients). Moreover, a significant correlation was reported between the level of IgG and chronic diseases (101 patients). Conclusion: Serological method is beneficial in detecting IgM and IgG for COVID-19 and has a crucial role in diagnosing symptomatic and even asymptomatic patients, encouraging the early treatment protocols in case of severely ill patients. It can assist in assessing the immunological behavior of patients.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"10 1","pages":"497 - 502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Heat shock protein (HSP) 27, if overexpressed in breast cancers, affects the disease outcome and sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. There are limited studies on actual patients in India, so the present study was designed to contribute our experiences to the literature regarding HSP 27 expression and its significance in breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Thirty diagnosed cases of invasive duct carcinoma are evaluated for histopathology grade, stage, and expression of immune markers, namely, ER, PR, HER2, VEGF, and HSP 27, followed up to 2 years after primary management, especially if treated with Herceptin. The staining was evaluated, and data were analyzed using the χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: HSP 27 is expressed strongly in most ER- and PR-positive cases, but there is no correlation with Her2 and VEGF. The findings suggest more advanced disease, adverse outcomes, and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, these findings are directly related to strong HSP 27 expressions and shorter overall survival in the group of ER/PR-positive breast carcinoma cases, but this relation can be relied upon up to stage II disease. After that, in advance cases, HSP 27 loses its significance slowly and could not establish any link between HSP 27 and Herceptin resistance because of a short follow-up. Conclusion: HSP 27 proved a promising prognostic marker in ER/PR-positive breast carcinoma cases.
{"title":"The significance of heat shock protein 27 in breast cancer: A signature to predict the outcome","authors":"Manish Singh, BharatUmakant Patil, Pravinkumar Ghongade, Anupama Gupta","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_86_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_86_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Heat shock protein (HSP) 27, if overexpressed in breast cancers, affects the disease outcome and sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. There are limited studies on actual patients in India, so the present study was designed to contribute our experiences to the literature regarding HSP 27 expression and its significance in breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Thirty diagnosed cases of invasive duct carcinoma are evaluated for histopathology grade, stage, and expression of immune markers, namely, ER, PR, HER2, VEGF, and HSP 27, followed up to 2 years after primary management, especially if treated with Herceptin. The staining was evaluated, and data were analyzed using the χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: HSP 27 is expressed strongly in most ER- and PR-positive cases, but there is no correlation with Her2 and VEGF. The findings suggest more advanced disease, adverse outcomes, and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, these findings are directly related to strong HSP 27 expressions and shorter overall survival in the group of ER/PR-positive breast carcinoma cases, but this relation can be relied upon up to stage II disease. After that, in advance cases, HSP 27 loses its significance slowly and could not establish any link between HSP 27 and Herceptin resistance because of a short follow-up. Conclusion: HSP 27 proved a promising prognostic marker in ER/PR-positive breast carcinoma cases.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"26 1","pages":"451 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_327_23
Rasha Saleh, Aysar Khalaf
Background: The growing threat of infections and drug-resistant microorganisms is a crucial challenge; hence, finding novel antimicrobial medicines is urgently needed. Nanotechnology has garnered interest in many disciplines, especially for therapeutic applications. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) and calcium carbonate nanoparticle (CaCO3-NP) are recognized as antimicrobial agents because of their antimicrobial features and minimal risk of toxicity to humans. Objectives: The goal of this investigation was to detect the antibacterial efficacy of CS-NPs and CaCO3-NP at various concentrations toward different bacteria. Materials and Methods: This investigation collected a total of 128 different clinical specimens. Every bacterial isolate was examined using the cultural, microscopic, and biochemical procedures. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by using disk diffusion methods. The antibacterial activity of different CS-NP and CaCO3-NP concentrations (20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L) was estimated on medical bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, and by well diffusion method. Results: A total of 80 bacterial isolates were collected from various clinical samples. The majority of isolates were P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, and K. pneumoniae. Most isolates exhibited resistance against tested antibiotics, in which P. aeruginosa exhibited relatively elevated resistance to mainly used antibiotics. Nanoparticle compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity at different concentrations against all bacteria, and it is affected in different degrees. As nanoparticle concentrations increase, antibacterial activity increase as well. Conclusions: CS-NPs and CaCO3-NP showed promising antimicrobial activity against medically relevant microorganisms. It is indicated as an option the manufacturing of antimicrobial medications utilized in medicine.
{"title":"The antimicrobial activity of nanochitosan and nano-CaCO3 against some bacteria","authors":"Rasha Saleh, Aysar Khalaf","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_327_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_327_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The growing threat of infections and drug-resistant microorganisms is a crucial challenge; hence, finding novel antimicrobial medicines is urgently needed. Nanotechnology has garnered interest in many disciplines, especially for therapeutic applications. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) and calcium carbonate nanoparticle (CaCO3-NP) are recognized as antimicrobial agents because of their antimicrobial features and minimal risk of toxicity to humans. Objectives: The goal of this investigation was to detect the antibacterial efficacy of CS-NPs and CaCO3-NP at various concentrations toward different bacteria. Materials and Methods: This investigation collected a total of 128 different clinical specimens. Every bacterial isolate was examined using the cultural, microscopic, and biochemical procedures. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed by using disk diffusion methods. The antibacterial activity of different CS-NP and CaCO3-NP concentrations (20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L) was estimated on medical bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, and by well diffusion method. Results: A total of 80 bacterial isolates were collected from various clinical samples. The majority of isolates were P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, and K. pneumoniae. Most isolates exhibited resistance against tested antibiotics, in which P. aeruginosa exhibited relatively elevated resistance to mainly used antibiotics. Nanoparticle compounds exhibited antimicrobial activity at different concentrations against all bacteria, and it is affected in different degrees. As nanoparticle concentrations increase, antibacterial activity increase as well. Conclusions: CS-NPs and CaCO3-NP showed promising antimicrobial activity against medically relevant microorganisms. It is indicated as an option the manufacturing of antimicrobial medications utilized in medicine.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"15 1","pages":"540 - 546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_783_23
Wadhah Almarzooq, Salam Yahya, A. Al-Humairi, A. Shubbar
Background: Urolithiasis can affect all parts of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, and even the prostate). The disease is usually symptomatic; however, a symptomatic disease can occur in some cases; vesical stones account for approximately 5% of urinary tract calculi. Objectives: In the present study, we try to compare two different techniques for endoscopic surgical treatment of vesical stone (transurethral versus percutaneous). Materials and Methods: This work involved 37 male patients with vesical stones; those patients split into two groups, the first treated by transurethral vesicolithotripsy while Group 2 (G2) treated by suprapubic vesicolithotripsy using pneumatic lithoclast system in both groups. Patients in both groups have been compared regarding operative time, stone clearance, postoperative hematuria, hospital stay, and some other parameters. Results: There was no clinical significance regarding the sizes and the number of vesical stones between the two groups of patients. The study showed the operative time was significantly shorter in G2 than in Group (G1); in addition to that postoperative hematuria was little in G2 than in G1. Stone clearance was also significantly higher in G2 than G1. Conclusion: We conclude that the suprapubic approach is better than transurethral approach for the treatment of vesical stones in male patients due to its higher efficacy and shorter operative time.
{"title":"A comparison of suprapubic percutaneous versus transurethral approach for the treatment of vesical stone in male patients: prospective clinical trial","authors":"Wadhah Almarzooq, Salam Yahya, A. Al-Humairi, A. Shubbar","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_783_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_783_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urolithiasis can affect all parts of the urinary tract (kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra, and even the prostate). The disease is usually symptomatic; however, a symptomatic disease can occur in some cases; vesical stones account for approximately 5% of urinary tract calculi. Objectives: In the present study, we try to compare two different techniques for endoscopic surgical treatment of vesical stone (transurethral versus percutaneous). Materials and Methods: This work involved 37 male patients with vesical stones; those patients split into two groups, the first treated by transurethral vesicolithotripsy while Group 2 (G2) treated by suprapubic vesicolithotripsy using pneumatic lithoclast system in both groups. Patients in both groups have been compared regarding operative time, stone clearance, postoperative hematuria, hospital stay, and some other parameters. Results: There was no clinical significance regarding the sizes and the number of vesical stones between the two groups of patients. The study showed the operative time was significantly shorter in G2 than in Group (G1); in addition to that postoperative hematuria was little in G2 than in G1. Stone clearance was also significantly higher in G2 than G1. Conclusion: We conclude that the suprapubic approach is better than transurethral approach for the treatment of vesical stones in male patients due to its higher efficacy and shorter operative time.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"5 1","pages":"626 - 631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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