Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_366_22
Ohood Jawad, H. Shareef
Background: One of the main infectious causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes’ polymorphisms and mutations have been linked to an increased risk of infection in general. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association among TLR9 (rs148805533 Del/Ins), gene polymorphism, and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Materials and Methods: Blood and sputum samples were collected from 70 patients with PTB and 30 healthy as a control group. Patients were diagnosed clinically by the specialized physician, in addition to use the acid-fast smear and culture on Lowenstein–Jensen. In addition, the molecular diagnostics technique was used by Gene Xpert device. The genotyping was carried out by using allele specific-polymerase chain reaction technique, and the TLR9 concentration was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: The results of TLR9 polymorphism showed that the Ins/Ins allele, Del/Ins allele, and Del/Del allele genotypes frequencies at the site of (rs148805533) polymorphisms were significantly higher in PTB patients than the control groups (P = 0.05). The Ins/Ins allele genotype was the most frequent in PTB patients. In addition, the insertion allele was the most frequent in PTB patients and control groups. Conclusion: Our results indicated that in a sample of the local Iraqi population, the TLR9 (rs148805533) gene polymorphism may be a significant genetic determinant for PTB susceptibility.
{"title":"The correlation between TLR9 (rs148805533 Del/Ins) gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"Ohood Jawad, H. Shareef","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_366_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_366_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the main infectious causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes’ polymorphisms and mutations have been linked to an increased risk of infection in general. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association among TLR9 (rs148805533 Del/Ins), gene polymorphism, and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Materials and Methods: Blood and sputum samples were collected from 70 patients with PTB and 30 healthy as a control group. Patients were diagnosed clinically by the specialized physician, in addition to use the acid-fast smear and culture on Lowenstein–Jensen. In addition, the molecular diagnostics technique was used by Gene Xpert device. The genotyping was carried out by using allele specific-polymerase chain reaction technique, and the TLR9 concentration was estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: The results of TLR9 polymorphism showed that the Ins/Ins allele, Del/Ins allele, and Del/Del allele genotypes frequencies at the site of (rs148805533) polymorphisms were significantly higher in PTB patients than the control groups (P = 0.05). The Ins/Ins allele genotype was the most frequent in PTB patients. In addition, the insertion allele was the most frequent in PTB patients and control groups. Conclusion: Our results indicated that in a sample of the local Iraqi population, the TLR9 (rs148805533) gene polymorphism may be a significant genetic determinant for PTB susceptibility.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"64 1","pages":"463 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_353_23
Bashaer M. Muhammad-Baqir, Evan Hameed, R. Shareef, Mustafa Ahmed
Background: End-stage kidney disease occurs when the estimated glomerular filtration rate is not more than 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or when the patient requires long-term renal replacement therapy regardless of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Anemia is observed as a frequent comorbid complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency is the crucial cause of CKD-anemia development. Objectives: The aim of study was to determine the impact of EPO on anemia in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis (HD). Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 80 patients (42 men and 38women) at end-stage renal disease planned for HD program at Al-Hakeem general hospital in Al-Najaf city/Iraq in period between November 2020 and February 2021. Many information and analyses were taken such as age, sex, cause of end stage, blood urea, serum creatinine and albumin, hemoglobin, dose of EPO, blood pressure, and body weight. Results: The results of study showed that, the level of hemoglobin (g/dL) significantly increased from (8.24 ± 1.77) to (9.57 ± 1.35) after treatment with EPO (P value < 0.05), whereas the levels of blood urea (mg/dL), albumin (g/L) significantly decreased from (218.51 ± 74.47) to (145.76 ± 42.47) and from (40.65 ± 6.35) to (36.56 ± 6.03) respectively, after treatment with EPO (P value < 0.05). additionally, there are no significant differences in serum creatinine (mg/dL) and blood pressure after treatment with EPO. Conclusion: EPO has a positive role on renal function and in treating anemia in end-stage renal disease patients on HD.
{"title":"Impact of erythropoietin on anemia in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis","authors":"Bashaer M. Muhammad-Baqir, Evan Hameed, R. Shareef, Mustafa Ahmed","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_353_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_353_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: End-stage kidney disease occurs when the estimated glomerular filtration rate is not more than 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or when the patient requires long-term renal replacement therapy regardless of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Anemia is observed as a frequent comorbid complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency is the crucial cause of CKD-anemia development. Objectives: The aim of study was to determine the impact of EPO on anemia in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis (HD). Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 80 patients (42 men and 38women) at end-stage renal disease planned for HD program at Al-Hakeem general hospital in Al-Najaf city/Iraq in period between November 2020 and February 2021. Many information and analyses were taken such as age, sex, cause of end stage, blood urea, serum creatinine and albumin, hemoglobin, dose of EPO, blood pressure, and body weight. Results: The results of study showed that, the level of hemoglobin (g/dL) significantly increased from (8.24 ± 1.77) to (9.57 ± 1.35) after treatment with EPO (P value < 0.05), whereas the levels of blood urea (mg/dL), albumin (g/L) significantly decreased from (218.51 ± 74.47) to (145.76 ± 42.47) and from (40.65 ± 6.35) to (36.56 ± 6.03) respectively, after treatment with EPO (P value < 0.05). additionally, there are no significant differences in serum creatinine (mg/dL) and blood pressure after treatment with EPO. Conclusion: EPO has a positive role on renal function and in treating anemia in end-stage renal disease patients on HD.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"17 8 1","pages":"558 - 563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_104_22
Saurabh Ram Bihari Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava
With the passage of time, a number of curricular reforms have been introduced in the process of delivery of medical education. A video blog is a type of blog which utilizes the video medium to reach the audience. The purpose of the current review is to explore the role of video logs in strengthening the delivery of medical education. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed search engine and a total of 13 articles were selected based upon their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. Keywords used in the search include video blogs, and medical education in the title alone only. The video blogs have immense scope in the field of medical education, as it is one of an essential tool to promote student-centered learning, and enables the medical student to learn at their pace, and that too at their time of convenience. The need of the hour is that vlogs are integrated within the curriculum on a pilot basis, and research work is carried out to explore their benefit in terms of improving the attainment of knowledge and student engagement. Further, based on the obtained results, we can make modifications and eventually introduce vlogs in a structured manner in the curriculum. To conclude, vlogs are a widely used mode to share information on the online platform, nevertheless, it is high time that its utility is also explored and harnessed for improving the delivery of medical education. This calls for the need of all the stakeholders to take active steps and simultaneously plan for its inclusion and implementation in the teaching-learning process.
{"title":"Exploring the scope of vlogs in strengthening the delivery of medical education","authors":"Saurabh Ram Bihari Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_104_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_104_22","url":null,"abstract":"With the passage of time, a number of curricular reforms have been introduced in the process of delivery of medical education. A video blog is a type of blog which utilizes the video medium to reach the audience. The purpose of the current review is to explore the role of video logs in strengthening the delivery of medical education. An extensive search of all materials related to the topic was carried out on the PubMed search engine and a total of 13 articles were selected based upon their suitability with the current review objectives and analyzed. Keywords used in the search include video blogs, and medical education in the title alone only. The video blogs have immense scope in the field of medical education, as it is one of an essential tool to promote student-centered learning, and enables the medical student to learn at their pace, and that too at their time of convenience. The need of the hour is that vlogs are integrated within the curriculum on a pilot basis, and research work is carried out to explore their benefit in terms of improving the attainment of knowledge and student engagement. Further, based on the obtained results, we can make modifications and eventually introduce vlogs in a structured manner in the curriculum. To conclude, vlogs are a widely used mode to share information on the online platform, nevertheless, it is high time that its utility is also explored and harnessed for improving the delivery of medical education. This calls for the need of all the stakeholders to take active steps and simultaneously plan for its inclusion and implementation in the teaching-learning process.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"25 1","pages":"443 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_343_23
Ali Al-Masoodi, Kareem Hussien, A. Yasir, Sahar Hassan, Mohammed Jawad
Background: Suicide is a major public health concern worldwide. To identify risk factors for prevent suicide, it is essential to understand the demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with suicidal ideation and behavior. Objectives: This study seeks to assess suicide symptoms in people of Babylon City and assesses the effect of factors that increase the suicide rate and to find sociodemographic and psychological factors that may influence the act of suicide and whether they differ from other suicide intensions prevailing in the world. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study of 57 patients with suicidal behavior who were admitted to at Al-Sadiq Teaching Hospital in Babylon City, Iraq between 2021 and 2023. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between suicide attempters and completers, and a correlation matrix was used to explore relationships between these characteristics. Results: The mean age of the patients was 34.2 years, and the majority were women (63.2%) and single (56.1%). Previous suicide attempts were reported by 50 patients (87.7%). Hanging and poisoning were the most common methods of attempted suicide, whereas firearms were the most common method of completed suicide. Depression and anxiety were the most common co-morbid psychiatric conditions, and chronic pain was the most common co-morbid medical condition. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of screening for suicide risk factors and providing appropriate treatment for co-morbid psychiatric and medical conditions. The results also suggest that suicide prevention efforts may benefit from targeting younger individuals, for those who are single or have lower education levels, and those with a history of suicide attempts.
{"title":"Psychiatric aspect of suicide in a sample of Iraqi people","authors":"Ali Al-Masoodi, Kareem Hussien, A. Yasir, Sahar Hassan, Mohammed Jawad","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_343_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_343_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Suicide is a major public health concern worldwide. To identify risk factors for prevent suicide, it is essential to understand the demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with suicidal ideation and behavior. Objectives: This study seeks to assess suicide symptoms in people of Babylon City and assesses the effect of factors that increase the suicide rate and to find sociodemographic and psychological factors that may influence the act of suicide and whether they differ from other suicide intensions prevailing in the world. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study of 57 patients with suicidal behavior who were admitted to at Al-Sadiq Teaching Hospital in Babylon City, Iraq between 2021 and 2023. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between suicide attempters and completers, and a correlation matrix was used to explore relationships between these characteristics. Results: The mean age of the patients was 34.2 years, and the majority were women (63.2%) and single (56.1%). Previous suicide attempts were reported by 50 patients (87.7%). Hanging and poisoning were the most common methods of attempted suicide, whereas firearms were the most common method of completed suicide. Depression and anxiety were the most common co-morbid psychiatric conditions, and chronic pain was the most common co-morbid medical condition. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of screening for suicide risk factors and providing appropriate treatment for co-morbid psychiatric and medical conditions. The results also suggest that suicide prevention efforts may benefit from targeting younger individuals, for those who are single or have lower education levels, and those with a history of suicide attempts.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"50 1","pages":"547 - 552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_614_23
D. Sabea
Background: Lead usually is precipitated at the gingiva of the fuel station workers. Lead interacts with different molecules, thereby interfering with their function. An excess of lead contents could be toxic to the human body. Objectives: This proposed study was conducted for the evaluation of salivary lead level effect and the severity of gingival pigmentation in Iraqi fuel station workers. Materials and Methods: This study involves 40 individuals, who were asked to answer a questionnaire. The case sheet questions involve the personal details of participants such as gender, age, marital status, and working experience. It was filled by the participants. This is followed by an oral examination to assess the oral hygiene status and color of gingiva, then divided into three groups according to working period. To evaluate the level of lead within the saliva, it was estimated in teaching laboratories in Medical City by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer as well as clinical evaluation of the intensity of gingival discoloration according to the gingival surface and dental sites. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics and descriptive statistics to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies. Result: It was shown that gingival discoloration was noticed in 40% of the total sample with light brown to mixed brown/pink (average lead level = 5.74 mg/dL). In addition, 30% of the sample had a mixed brown/pink pigmentation (average lead level = 6.75 mg/dL) and the rest (30%) presented with mixed brown/pink to dark brown (average lead level = 10 mg/dL). The working periods range from 3 months to 10 years, the lowest value and the highest of lead in saliva were 8.3 and 11.8 mg/dL, respectively. The average of these values is 10.00 mg/dL. Conclusion: The intensity and severity of gingival pigmentation are directly associated with the level of salivary lead. Occupational safeties are essential for workers who are at high risk of exposure to avoid adverse effects of this metal on general health.
{"title":"Lead precipitation on the gingival tissue of Iraqi workers in some fuel stations in Baghdad","authors":"D. Sabea","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_614_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_614_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lead usually is precipitated at the gingiva of the fuel station workers. Lead interacts with different molecules, thereby interfering with their function. An excess of lead contents could be toxic to the human body. Objectives: This proposed study was conducted for the evaluation of salivary lead level effect and the severity of gingival pigmentation in Iraqi fuel station workers. Materials and Methods: This study involves 40 individuals, who were asked to answer a questionnaire. The case sheet questions involve the personal details of participants such as gender, age, marital status, and working experience. It was filled by the participants. This is followed by an oral examination to assess the oral hygiene status and color of gingiva, then divided into three groups according to working period. To evaluate the level of lead within the saliva, it was estimated in teaching laboratories in Medical City by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer as well as clinical evaluation of the intensity of gingival discoloration according to the gingival surface and dental sites. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics and descriptive statistics to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies. Result: It was shown that gingival discoloration was noticed in 40% of the total sample with light brown to mixed brown/pink (average lead level = 5.74 mg/dL). In addition, 30% of the sample had a mixed brown/pink pigmentation (average lead level = 6.75 mg/dL) and the rest (30%) presented with mixed brown/pink to dark brown (average lead level = 10 mg/dL). The working periods range from 3 months to 10 years, the lowest value and the highest of lead in saliva were 8.3 and 11.8 mg/dL, respectively. The average of these values is 10.00 mg/dL. Conclusion: The intensity and severity of gingival pigmentation are directly associated with the level of salivary lead. Occupational safeties are essential for workers who are at high risk of exposure to avoid adverse effects of this metal on general health.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"164 1","pages":"614 - 618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_191_23
Wael Obaead Alfatlawi, Mohammed Al-Saadi, Adil Ali Akbar
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory disease that affects the immune system. The primary cause of RA is unknown, but there is evidence that genetic and environmental factors also contribute to the development of the disease. Objectives: This study aimed to illustrate the relationship between the RA and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Materials and Methods: The work was performed on 50 RA patients of various ages, ranging from 25 to 75 years of age, who were treated at the rheumatology clinic of the city of Medical Marjan between February 2022 to October 2022. Blood samples were used for DNA extraction. HLA-DRB1, IL-6 and mycoplasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The results showed that compared with RA patients not infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and healthy subjects, serum IL-6 concentration was significantly increased in RA patients infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The results showed that serum concentrations of HLADRB1 were significantly elevated in RA patients infected with M. pneumoniae compared with RA patients not infected with M. pneumoniae and healthy subjects. Conclusions: In HLA-DRB1 the SNP rs9271366 was significantly associated with RA and G allele represent as dominant pathogenic allele in which the individual that carry GG and AG genotype have more susceptibility to mycoplasma infection than subjects that carry AA genotype (P = 0.036).
背景：类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种影响免疫系统的慢性炎症性疾病：类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种影响免疫系统的慢性炎症性疾病。RA 的主要病因尚不清楚，但有证据表明，遗传和环境因素也会导致该病的发生。研究目的本研究旨在说明 RA 与肺炎支原体之间的关系。材料和方法：研究对象为 2022 年 2 月至 2022 年 10 月期间在医学马尔詹市风湿病诊所接受治疗的 50 名不同年龄的 RA 患者，年龄从 25 岁到 75 岁不等。血液样本用于提取 DNA。通过酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测 HLA-DRB1、IL-6 和支原体。结果显示结果显示，与未感染肺炎支原体的 RA 患者和健康人相比，感染肺炎支原体的 RA 患者血清 IL-6 浓度明显升高。结果显示，与未感染肺炎支原体的 RA 患者和健康受试者相比，感染肺炎支原体的 RA 患者血清中 HLADRB1 的浓度明显升高。结论是在 HLA-DRB1 中，SNP rs9271366 与 RA 显著相关，G 等位基因是显性致病等位基因，其中携带 GG 和 AG 基因型的个体比携带 AA 基因型的个体更易感染支原体（P = 0.036）。
{"title":"Association of mycoplasma pneumoniae and (rs9271366) HLA-DRB1gene polymorphism with the immune susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Wael Obaead Alfatlawi, Mohammed Al-Saadi, Adil Ali Akbar","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_191_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_191_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory disease that affects the immune system. The primary cause of RA is unknown, but there is evidence that genetic and environmental factors also contribute to the development of the disease. Objectives: This study aimed to illustrate the relationship between the RA and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Materials and Methods: The work was performed on 50 RA patients of various ages, ranging from 25 to 75 years of age, who were treated at the rheumatology clinic of the city of Medical Marjan between February 2022 to October 2022. Blood samples were used for DNA extraction. HLA-DRB1, IL-6 and mycoplasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The results showed that compared with RA patients not infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and healthy subjects, serum IL-6 concentration was significantly increased in RA patients infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The results showed that serum concentrations of HLADRB1 were significantly elevated in RA patients infected with M. pneumoniae compared with RA patients not infected with M. pneumoniae and healthy subjects. Conclusions: In HLA-DRB1 the SNP rs9271366 was significantly associated with RA and G allele represent as dominant pathogenic allele in which the individual that carry GG and AG genotype have more susceptibility to mycoplasma infection than subjects that carry AA genotype (P = 0.036).","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"44 1","pages":"511 - 516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_673_23
R. Raheema, Dhilal Nasser, Zainab Chabuck
Background: Staphylococcus aureus, a commonly occurring pathogen, is associated with severe diseases both in community and hospital settings and has been a significant concern for public health. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections have become widespread in many regions worldwide. Objective: The objective of their study was to employ polymerase chain reaction to identify certain virulence genes and determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of S. aureus strains. Materials and Methods: Initially, the identification of these isolates involved culture, microscopic examination, and biochemical tests. S. aureus accounted for 36.4% of the growth observed. Results: The findings of antibiotic susceptibility testing for MRSA S. aureus indicated the highest resistance rates to cefoxitin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, followed by clindamycin and tetracycline. On the other hand, S. aureus showed maximum sensitivity to gentamicin and nitrofurantoin. It was suggested that Imipenem and nitrofurantoin exhibited the least antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infection patients. The DNA was extracted from the isolates, and the purity of the nucleic acid samples ranged from 1.8 to 2.0, while the concentration varied from 50 to 360 mg/μL. Molecular analysis of the genes showed that 33.3% of the isolates possessed the icaD gene, whereas none of the MRSA strains exhibited the presence of the icaA gene. Conclusion: The study findings indicate a relatively high prevalence of MRSA strains among S. aureus isolates in hospitals located in Wasit Province. Moreover, a significant proportion of these MRSA strains exhibit robust biofilm production capabilities.
{"title":"Molecular detection of SPA-type of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Urinary Tract Infection patient in Wasit Province, Iraq","authors":"R. Raheema, Dhilal Nasser, Zainab Chabuck","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_673_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_673_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Staphylococcus aureus, a commonly occurring pathogen, is associated with severe diseases both in community and hospital settings and has been a significant concern for public health. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections have become widespread in many regions worldwide. Objective: The objective of their study was to employ polymerase chain reaction to identify certain virulence genes and determine the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of S. aureus strains. Materials and Methods: Initially, the identification of these isolates involved culture, microscopic examination, and biochemical tests. S. aureus accounted for 36.4% of the growth observed. Results: The findings of antibiotic susceptibility testing for MRSA S. aureus indicated the highest resistance rates to cefoxitin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, followed by clindamycin and tetracycline. On the other hand, S. aureus showed maximum sensitivity to gentamicin and nitrofurantoin. It was suggested that Imipenem and nitrofurantoin exhibited the least antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infection patients. The DNA was extracted from the isolates, and the purity of the nucleic acid samples ranged from 1.8 to 2.0, while the concentration varied from 50 to 360 mg/μL. Molecular analysis of the genes showed that 33.3% of the isolates possessed the icaD gene, whereas none of the MRSA strains exhibited the presence of the icaA gene. Conclusion: The study findings indicate a relatively high prevalence of MRSA strains among S. aureus isolates in hospitals located in Wasit Province. Moreover, a significant proportion of these MRSA strains exhibit robust biofilm production capabilities.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"82 1","pages":"619 - 625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_127_23
H. Al-Kaim, H. Al-Dahmoshi
Background: Proteus mirabilis is a prevalent profiteer pathogen that causes the Spartan human ailment. It has been identified as a urinary tract infection (UTI) etiological agent that adheres to uroepithelial cells and the catheter surface. The most important efflux system in P. mirabilis, acrAB-to1C, is elaborated not merely in antimicrobial conflict but also in ferocity. Objectives: The current research conducted to look into the antibiotic sensitivity profile and acrAB-to1C efflux pump genes occurrence among P. mirabilis isolated from UTI patients. Materials and Methods: 515 urine cases were gathered from UTI patients, who visited urology consultancy clinics of three main hospitals and private clinic labs in Hilla City, Iraq. All mid-stream urine samples were cultured on diagnostic agars for P. mirabilis primary recognition and finally confirmed by16S rRNA gene PCR-sequencing. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed according to CLSI (2021), and then PCR detection of acrAB-to1C efflux pumps genes was observed. Results: The occurrence of P. mirabilis in the studied cases was 10.5% with 100% swarming isolates. The recovered isolates were extremely resistant to cefotaxime (100%), doxycycline (88.6%), minocycline (75.7%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (67.1%). In contrast, the isolates showed nonresistance to pipracillin-tazabactam (0%), meropeneme (0%) and tinier resistance to amikacine (1.4%), imipeneme (2.9%), levofloxacine (4.2), and ofloxacin (5.7%), MDR rate was 96%. Molecular investigation using PCR, revealed acrA, acrB, and tolC genes with a prevalence of 51.4%, 61.4%, and 51.4%, respectively. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the significant title role of acrAB-to1C efflux impel in increasing antibiotic tolerance in P. mirabilis with a high incidence of MDR, so the future insights may need to focus on efflux pumps inhibitor-antibiotic combination treatment as a preventive device.
{"title":"Prevalence of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump among Proteus mirabilis isolated from cystitis patients in Hilla City, Iraq","authors":"H. Al-Kaim, H. Al-Dahmoshi","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_127_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_127_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Proteus mirabilis is a prevalent profiteer pathogen that causes the Spartan human ailment. It has been identified as a urinary tract infection (UTI) etiological agent that adheres to uroepithelial cells and the catheter surface. The most important efflux system in P. mirabilis, acrAB-to1C, is elaborated not merely in antimicrobial conflict but also in ferocity. Objectives: The current research conducted to look into the antibiotic sensitivity profile and acrAB-to1C efflux pump genes occurrence among P. mirabilis isolated from UTI patients. Materials and Methods: 515 urine cases were gathered from UTI patients, who visited urology consultancy clinics of three main hospitals and private clinic labs in Hilla City, Iraq. All mid-stream urine samples were cultured on diagnostic agars for P. mirabilis primary recognition and finally confirmed by16S rRNA gene PCR-sequencing. Antibiotic sensitivity was performed according to CLSI (2021), and then PCR detection of acrAB-to1C efflux pumps genes was observed. Results: The occurrence of P. mirabilis in the studied cases was 10.5% with 100% swarming isolates. The recovered isolates were extremely resistant to cefotaxime (100%), doxycycline (88.6%), minocycline (75.7%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (67.1%). In contrast, the isolates showed nonresistance to pipracillin-tazabactam (0%), meropeneme (0%) and tinier resistance to amikacine (1.4%), imipeneme (2.9%), levofloxacine (4.2), and ofloxacin (5.7%), MDR rate was 96%. Molecular investigation using PCR, revealed acrA, acrB, and tolC genes with a prevalence of 51.4%, 61.4%, and 51.4%, respectively. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the significant title role of acrAB-to1C efflux impel in increasing antibiotic tolerance in P. mirabilis with a high incidence of MDR, so the future insights may need to focus on efflux pumps inhibitor-antibiotic combination treatment as a preventive device.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"3 1","pages":"503 - 510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_558_23
Mukal Hussein, R. Raheema, H. Melek, H. Al-Hindy
Background: In developing countries, ocular infections are a significant public health concern, particularly bacterial infections, which are common. This research aimed to estimate how often Gram-positive and negative bacteria are present in individuals who have external ocular infections in Wasit province. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-one eye swabs were gathered from patients with various eye infections in the consulting clinics of AL-Zahra Hospital between October 1, 2021, and March 1, 2022. Various bacterial colonies with different morphological and biochemical characteristics were detected through growth testing. Results: Of all the external ocular samples collected, 56 (46.2%) had a positive culture for bacterial pathogens. Most of the isolated bacteria were Gram-positive, accounting for 73.2% (41 cases) of the total. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were the most commonly identified Gram-positive bacteria, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus hominis spp. Novobiosepticus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus lugdunesis, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus vitulinus, Staphylococcus cohnii, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Kocuria rosea, Micrococcus luteus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and, among which, Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 26.8% such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pantoea spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Citrobacter sedlakii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, and Sphingomonas paucimobilis. DNA extraction and their purity and concentration were confirmed using Nanodrop. A monoplex pattern of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect Gram-positive specific 16S rRNA. Conclusion: A majority of the bacterial strains identified in patients with ocular infections, particularly Gram-positive bacteria, also concluded that the largest percentage of eye infections was for patients who lived in rural areas, this explains the reason for the isolation of some bacterial species that inhabit animals such as S. lentus, S. gallinarum, S. pseudintermedius, S. vitulinus, S. cohnii, and L. mesenteroides. In addition, most of the bacterial species found in patients with eye infections were resistant to multiple drugs, indicating the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the study population, also concluded that the most prevalent forms of external ocular infections were blepharitis, followed by conjunctiva.
{"title":"Prevalence of Gram-positive and negative bacteria associated with external ocular infection in Wasit province, Iraq","authors":"Mukal Hussein, R. Raheema, H. Melek, H. Al-Hindy","doi":"10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_558_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_558_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In developing countries, ocular infections are a significant public health concern, particularly bacterial infections, which are common. This research aimed to estimate how often Gram-positive and negative bacteria are present in individuals who have external ocular infections in Wasit province. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-one eye swabs were gathered from patients with various eye infections in the consulting clinics of AL-Zahra Hospital between October 1, 2021, and March 1, 2022. Various bacterial colonies with different morphological and biochemical characteristics were detected through growth testing. Results: Of all the external ocular samples collected, 56 (46.2%) had a positive culture for bacterial pathogens. Most of the isolated bacteria were Gram-positive, accounting for 73.2% (41 cases) of the total. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were the most commonly identified Gram-positive bacteria, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus hominis spp. Novobiosepticus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus lugdunesis, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus vitulinus, Staphylococcus cohnii, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Kocuria rosea, Micrococcus luteus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and, among which, Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 26.8% such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pantoea spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Citrobacter sedlakii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, and Sphingomonas paucimobilis. DNA extraction and their purity and concentration were confirmed using Nanodrop. A monoplex pattern of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect Gram-positive specific 16S rRNA. Conclusion: A majority of the bacterial strains identified in patients with ocular infections, particularly Gram-positive bacteria, also concluded that the largest percentage of eye infections was for patients who lived in rural areas, this explains the reason for the isolation of some bacterial species that inhabit animals such as S. lentus, S. gallinarum, S. pseudintermedius, S. vitulinus, S. cohnii, and L. mesenteroides. In addition, most of the bacterial species found in patients with eye infections were resistant to multiple drugs, indicating the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the study population, also concluded that the most prevalent forms of external ocular infections were blepharitis, followed by conjunctiva.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"8 1","pages":"600 - 607"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139365622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_362_23
Sarah Hamzah, Basim Abd, Mushtaq Mohammed
Background: Breast cancer–obesity association is a significant hazard that affects postmenopausal women in a special concern. The microenvironment created by adipose tissue appears to be the basis for the relation between obesity and breast cancer, and raised values of leptin and ferritin may be the risk for tumor development. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether elevated levels of leptin and ferritin are correlated to a more severe form of postmenopausal breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer at Babylon Oncology Treatment Center in Merjan Medical City in Al-Hillah City, Babylon Governorate under the supervision of the Department of Medical physiology in Babylon Medical Faculty. The study extended from the start of September 2022 to the end of March 2023. The patients were divided into two groups according to the score of their body mass indexes (BMIs). The first group of patients (n = 138) included those with BMI > 30 kg/m2, whereas the second group (n = 102) included those with BMI < 30 kg/m2. The diagnosis of breast cancer and its pathologic subtypes were determined based on the results of tissue biopsy samples. Serum leptin and ferritin values were addressed using special biochemical kits. Results: Values of leptin and ferritin were higher in the first group of patients in comparison to the second group and statistically significant differences were present between the two groups regarding those parameters (P = 0.001 for leptin and 0.0001 for ferritin). Conclusion: Elevated values of leptin and ferritin are correlated to a more severe form of breast cancer in postmenopausal women having elevated levels of BMIs.
{"title":"Leptin and ferritin as indicators of breast cancer’s severity in overweight-postmenopausal women","authors":"Sarah Hamzah, Basim Abd, Mushtaq Mohammed","doi":"10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_362_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mjbl.mjbl_362_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer–obesity association is a significant hazard that affects postmenopausal women in a special concern. The microenvironment created by adipose tissue appears to be the basis for the relation between obesity and breast cancer, and raised values of leptin and ferritin may be the risk for tumor development. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether elevated levels of leptin and ferritin are correlated to a more severe form of postmenopausal breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer at Babylon Oncology Treatment Center in Merjan Medical City in Al-Hillah City, Babylon Governorate under the supervision of the Department of Medical physiology in Babylon Medical Faculty. The study extended from the start of September 2022 to the end of March 2023. The patients were divided into two groups according to the score of their body mass indexes (BMIs). The first group of patients (n = 138) included those with BMI > 30 kg/m2, whereas the second group (n = 102) included those with BMI < 30 kg/m2. The diagnosis of breast cancer and its pathologic subtypes were determined based on the results of tissue biopsy samples. Serum leptin and ferritin values were addressed using special biochemical kits. Results: Values of leptin and ferritin were higher in the first group of patients in comparison to the second group and statistically significant differences were present between the two groups regarding those parameters (P = 0.001 for leptin and 0.0001 for ferritin). Conclusion: Elevated values of leptin and ferritin are correlated to a more severe form of breast cancer in postmenopausal women having elevated levels of BMIs.","PeriodicalId":18326,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of Babylon","volume":"20 1","pages":"393 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42730077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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