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Closing a gap in medical education: Service learning to address health inequity in prisons 缩小医学教育的差距:服务学习以解决监狱中的健康不平等问题。
IF 6 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15217
Hannah Calvelli, Olivia Duffield, Brian Tuohy
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引用次数: 0
Using fourth-year medical students as academic coaches 使用四年级医学生作为学术教练。
IF 6 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15233
Stephen D. Schneid, Joe B. Blumer, Jonathan Y. Hong, Katharina Brandl
<p>Coaching helps learners visualise their future, promotes a trusting environment, facilitates self-directed learning, assists with goal setting and fosters accountability. Some of the biggest barriers to coaching students effectively are learner engagement, scheduling, coach training and resources to support a coaching programme. We piloted a coaching programme that would address these challenges and also benefit the coaches in a meaningful way.</p><p>In summer of 2022, we recruited 10 senior medical students to be volunteer coaches for the 21 incoming medical students enrolled in our online 7-week prematriculation course (PMC), offered as an option to all matriculating medical students. All coaches were starting a master's degree or research project after their third year, which made them more available. We thought our PMC was an ideal environment to incorporate coaching because of its unique structure, as it covers several challenging biomedical science organ systems and uses team-based learning with weekly assessments and self-reflections. Also, starting medical school is a major transition for students, especially those who take our PMC who are more likely to be non-science majors or have taken several gap years.<span><sup>1</sup></span> Coaches were randomly assigned two or three students and met once per week. Since the coaches were students, they did not have access to their coachee's assessment data. The meetings were held weekly to facilitate building trust during a relatively short time-frame. The coaches were trained on coaching principles and philosophies such as appreciative inquiry and master adaptive learner. Coaches were encouraged to use publicly available American Medical Association (AMA) coaching resources, which included a book and video series depicting different types of coaching scenarios. There were also check-in meetings to share knowledge about coaching techniques and provide feedback.</p><p>The academic coaching component of the course received an overall student satisfaction score of 4.44/5. We also conducted a follow-up survey for PMC students 6 months into their first-year of medical school (N = 19). The coaching topics of study techniques/habits, navigation of personal/academic setbacks, identification and self-reflection on personal strengths/weaknesses, goal-setting and well-being/work–life balance were reported as the most helpful by students. Students commented that coaching was a good way to be introduced to trying different studying techniques. Most students agreed or strongly agreed that they would like to have continued coaching during their first-year of medical school with a frequency of once per month. Two students reported a negative experience because their coach focused on getting high test scores and generally did not connect. Students suggested that pairing coaches/coachees with similar backgrounds and life experiences would be more ideal. Several coaches and coachees have shown interest in being
教练帮助学习者想象他们的未来,促进一个信任的环境,促进自主学习,帮助设定目标,培养责任感。有效指导学生的一些最大障碍是学习者参与、时间安排、教练培训和支持指导计划的资源。我们试点了一项培训计划,旨在解决这些挑战,并以一种有意义的方式使教练受益。2022年夏天,我们招募了10名高年级医学生,为21名即将入学的医学生担任志愿者教练,这些学生参加了我们为期7周的在线预科课程(PMC),为所有即将入学的医学生提供了一种选择。所有教练都在第三年后开始攻读硕士学位或研究项目,这使他们更容易获得帮助。我们认为我们的PMC是一个理想的环境,因为它的结构独特,涵盖了几个具有挑战性的生物医学科学器官系统,并在每周的评估和自我反思中使用基于团队的学习。此外,进入医学院对学生来说是一个重大的转变,尤其是那些攻读PMC的学生,他们更有可能不是理科专业的学生,或者有过几年的空档年教练们被随机分配了两到三个学生,每周见一次面。由于教练是学生,他们无法获得教练的评估数据。这些会议每周举行一次,以促进在相对较短的时间框架内建立信任。教练员接受了诸如欣赏式探究和掌握适应性学习者等指导原则和哲学的培训。教练们被鼓励使用美国医学协会(AMA)公开提供的教练资源,其中包括一本书和一系列描述不同类型教练场景的视频。此外,还举行了报到会议,分享教练技巧方面的知识,并提供反馈。课程的学术辅导部分获得了4.44/5的总体学生满意度得分。我们还对进入医学院一年级6个月的PMC学生进行了随访调查(N = 19)。学习技巧/习惯、克服个人/学业挫折、识别和反思个人优势/弱点、设定目标和平衡工作与生活是学生认为最有帮助的辅导主题。学生们评论说,教练是一种很好的方法,可以让他们尝试不同的学习技巧。大多数学生同意或强烈同意,他们希望在医学院的第一年继续接受每月一次的辅导。两名学生报告了一次消极的经历,因为他们的教练专注于获得高分,通常不与他们联系。学生们认为,拥有相似背景和生活经历的教练/教练配对会更理想。有几位教练和教练员表示有兴趣参与下一批教练的培训,提供点对点知识共享的机会,以改进项目。教练们也从这次经历中受益,报告说他们的动机访谈和沟通技巧得到了积极的影响。教练项目应考虑使用高年级医学生,因为他们是一群才华横溢、积极进取的人,他们可以与教练建立独特的联系,并从经验中受益。
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引用次数: 0
Medical students learning about AI – with AI? 医学生学习人工智能-与人工智能?
IF 6 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15211
Manuel E. B. Müller, Matthias C. Laupichler
<p>Groundbreaking scientific discoveries are often neglected by Medical Schools due to curricular demands or scepticism towards innovations. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care marks a paradigm shift that poses challenges for medical professionals, medical students and society. Today's students are the first generation of medical trainees confronted with this paradigm shift and will have to apply AI in practice in the near future. Therefore, medical students need to know how AI can be applied and how to use its results in an appropriate manner. Based on the current state of research, it is currently unforeseeable which theoretical and practical AI competencies will be required in medical practice. This poses risks, as students are inadequately prepared to administer and reflect on possibilities, limits and ethical-legal challenges of AI in applied medical science.</p><p>After the release of openAI's chatbot ChatGPT, we took up the public debate about ethical aspects and potential benefits as well as caveats of the application in our AI course. We used the hype surrounding ChatGPT to reduce students' concerns about AI and at the same time illustrate the potential impact of AI. As a final exercise of our AI course, students were invited to ask the chatbot about structural biases in the use of AI in health care. One exemplary question dealt with the influence of AI on transparency in medical diagnosis. The accuracy of ChatGPT's answers were then reviewed by participants based on ‘traditional’ sources (e.g., textbooks and online sources). Students were supposed to gain practical experience in the use of AI (application competence) on the one hand and learn to examine the answers of AI-applications in a critical manner (appraisal competence) on the other hand. By using this application-oriented final task, we moved away from the lower levels of Bloom's taxonomy<span><sup>1</sup></span> and reached an evaluation-oriented meta-level.</p><p>As a result, we take away two lessons learned: Through the assessment of the final exercise's results, we gained a unique insight into students' AI reflection skills. For instance, evaluation of ChatGPT's answers was consistently seen as potentially biased, whereas the selection bias of traditional sources such as online search engines or research literature remained unquestioned.</p><p>In addition, we found greater student interest in the final exercise compared with the previous cohort. This is reflected in the evaluation of the final assignment, which was rated more positively than in the years before.</p><p>It can be stated that the actual use of innovative medical-technological developments can increase the reflection competence of medical students. This is particularly important for AI applications, as these are increasingly reaching clinical practice and are sometimes subject to unfavourable biases that could limit the standard of medical treatment if future physicians are not trained to resp
由于课程要求或对创新的怀疑,突破性的科学发现常常被医学院忽视。人工智能(AI)在医疗保健领域的应用标志着一种范式的转变,给医疗专业人员、医学生和社会带来了挑战。今天的学生是第一代面临这种范式转变的医学实习生,在不久的将来,他们将不得不在实践中应用人工智能。因此,医学生需要知道如何应用人工智能以及如何以适当的方式使用其结果。基于目前的研究状况,目前还无法预见在医疗实践中需要哪些理论和实践的人工智能能力。这带来了风险,因为学生没有做好充分准备来管理和反思应用医学中人工智能的可能性、局限性和伦理法律挑战。在openAI的聊天机器人ChatGPT发布后,我们在我们的AI课程中就伦理方面和潜在的好处以及应用程序的注意事项进行了公开辩论。我们利用围绕ChatGPT的炒作来减少学生对人工智能的担忧,同时说明人工智能的潜在影响。作为我们人工智能课程的最后一个练习,学生们被邀请向聊天机器人询问在医疗保健中使用人工智能的结构性偏见。一个典型的问题涉及人工智能对医疗诊断透明度的影响。然后参与者根据“传统”资源(例如教科书和在线资源)审查ChatGPT答案的准确性。一方面,学生应该获得使用人工智能的实践经验(应用能力),另一方面,学习以批判的方式检查人工智能应用的答案(评估能力)。通过使用这个面向应用程序的最终任务,我们从Bloom分类法的较低层次1转移到了面向评估的元层次。通过对最终练习结果的评估,我们对学生的人工智能反思能力有了独特的认识。例如,对ChatGPT答案的评估一直被认为有潜在的偏见,而传统来源(如在线搜索引擎或研究文献)的选择偏见仍然没有受到质疑。此外,与上一届相比,我们发现学生对期末练习的兴趣更大。这反映在对最后作业的评价上,这次的评价比前几年都要积极。可以说,创新医学技术发展的实际应用可以提高医学生的反思能力。这对于人工智能应用尤其重要,因为这些应用越来越多地进入临床实践,有时会受到不利的偏见的影响,如果未来的医生没有经过培训来应对它们,可能会限制医疗标准。
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引用次数: 0
Utilising cultural competemility as an anti-racism framework in medical education 在医学教育中利用文化竞争力作为反种族主义的框架。
IF 6 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15235
Carl A. Frizell, Skylar Stewart-Clark, Monica L. Miles
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引用次数: 0
Fragilising clients: A positioning analysis of identity construction during clinical psychology trainees' supervision 脆弱的客户:临床心理学实习生督导过程中身份构建的定位分析。
IF 6 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15200
Samantha Schubert, Lynn V. Monrouxe, Niels Buus, Caroline Hunt
<div> <section> <h3> Context</h3> <p>Western mental healthcare system reforms prioritise person-centred care and require clinicians to adjust their professional positions. Realising these reforms will necessitate clinicians—including clinical psychologists—acquiring professional identities that align with them. Learners develop professional identities through socialisation activities: within <i>interactional</i> spaces such as supervision learners come to understand the self (clinician) and, by extension, the other (client). A clinician's understanding of <i>who I am</i> is intertwined with an understanding of <i>who they are</i>. Our study offers a moment-by-moment examination of supervision interactions of clinical psychology trainees to illuminate <i>processes</i> through which the identities of therapists and clients are constructed.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>We examined how clinical psychology trainees and supervisors construct identities for themselves and clients in supervision.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We used positioning analysis to explore identity construction during interactions between supervisors (<i>n</i> = 4) and trainees (<i>n</i> = 12) in a clinical psychology training clinic. Positioning analysis focuses on the linguistic choices participants make as they position themselves (and others) in certain social spaces during everyday interactions. Twelve supervision sessions were audio recorded and transcribed. We found that clients were frequently positioned as fragile and subsequently analysed these sequences (<i>n</i> = 12).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Clients' identities were constructed as fragile, which co-occurred with clinical psychologists' claiming positions as responsible for managing their distress. Supervisors played an active role in linguistically positioning clients and trainees in this way. Trainees rarely contested the identities made available to them by supervisors.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Discussion and Conclusion</h3> <p>We suggest that linguistically positioning clients as fragile perpetuates paternalistic clinical discourses that do not align with mental healthcare reform priorities. We make visible how this is achieved interactionally through language and influenced by organisational power relations. Intentional efforts are required to support the professional identity construction of clinical psychologists in ways that do not perpetuate paternalism.
背景:西方精神医疗体系改革将以人为本的医疗服务放在首位,要求临床医生调整自己的职业定位。要实现这些改革,临床医生(包括临床心理学家)就必须获得与改革相一致的专业身份。学习者通过社会化活动发展专业身份:在督导等互动空间中,学习者逐渐了解自我(临床医生),进而了解他人(客户)。临床医生对 "我是谁 "的理解与对 "他们是谁 "的理解交织在一起。我们的研究对临床心理学受训者在督导过程中的互动进行了逐时检查,以揭示治疗师和客户身份的构建过程:我们使用定位分析法来探讨临床心理学培训诊所中督导(4 人)和受训者(12 人)互动过程中的身份构建。定位分析主要关注参与者在日常互动中将自己(和他人)定位在特定社会空间时所做出的语言选择。我们对 12 节督导课程进行了录音和转录。我们发现客户经常被定位为脆弱者,随后对这些序列(n = 12)进行了分析:结果:客户的身份被建构为脆弱的,这与临床心理学家声称负责管理他们的痛苦的立场同时出现。督导在以这种方式对客户和受训者进行语言定位方面发挥了积极作用。受训者很少对督导提供给他们的身份提出异议:我们认为,在语言上将客户定位为脆弱的人,会延续家长式的临床话语,这与精神医疗改革的重点并不一致。我们揭示了这是如何通过语言互动实现的,并受到组织权力关系的影响。需要有意识地努力支持临床心理学家的专业身份建设,使其不会延续家长式作风。我们为教育和临床实践提供建议,以支持这些努力。
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引用次数: 0
Med versus machine: Using ChatGPT in team-based learning 医学与机器:在基于团队的学习中使用ChatGPT。
IF 6 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15226
Amrit Kirpalani, Joanne Grimmer, Peter Zhan Tao Wang
To foster adaptive expertise in pre-clerkship clinical training, the use of problem-based and team-based learning has been widely implemented. However, adaptive rather than routine expertise also requires learners to respond to novel tasks and participate in self-regulation and evaluation which is challenging to incorporate into case-based learning, without significantly expanding extraneous workload on students and facilitators. Thus, we aimed to adapt an existing case-based learning session to incorporate a novel and timely clinical reasoning appraisal activity using OpenAI's ChatGPT to facilitate learning of complex topics without adding non-essential burden on participants.
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引用次数: 0
Supportive learning environments, impression management and ‘strategic imposterism’: A word of caution 支持性学习环境、印象管理和“战略性冒名顶替”:一个警告。
IF 6 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15223
Brandon M. Huffman, Adam P. Sawatsky

Learning environments are critical to individual growth and expression. While high stakes environments can drive self-doubt and imposterism, the authors warn that overly comfortable environments may encourage ‘strategic imposterism.’

学习环境对个人成长和表达至关重要。虽然高风险的环境会导致自我怀疑和冒名顶替,但作者警告说,过于舒适的环境可能会鼓励“战略性的冒名顶替”。
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引用次数: 0
A stakeholder-engaged approach to disability in medical education 利益相关者参与的医学教育残疾问题方法。
IF 6 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15227
Michael Z. Chen, Dorothy W. Tolchin
Although people with disabilities (PWD) comprise a marginalised population that experiences ongoing disparities in health care access and outcomes, dedicated attention to improving care for PWD is not always provided in medical school curricula. In 2019, disability education stakeholders promulgated a set of core competencies for health professions students, including knowledge of conceptual frameworks of disability, a clinical approach informed by patient-centred communication and skilled coordination of services to optimise health and quality of life. Students in our medical school's science-focused curriculum track were lacking explicit education to foster development of these competencies.
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引用次数: 0
TED Masterclass for faculty development on microlectures TED微结构教师发展大师班。
IF 6 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15230
Holly West, Kathleen Everling
Microlectures are short, highly focused presentations used in online, face to face or hybrid settings. When combined with active learning strategies, microlectures are meant to manage cognitive load and promote learner engagement. In response to poor attendance at traditional long lectures and a shift in students' learning preferences, we reached out to faculty interested in professional development on creating and delivering microlectures. The commercially available TED Masterclass was developed to train primary and secondary teachers in the delivery of short, concise, TED-style presentations. We implemented a longitudinal faculty development curriculum, using TED Masterclass as a foundational learning resource, to develop health professions faculty skills in microlecture creation and delivery.
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引用次数: 0
Low volumes, high stakes: Developing a rural critical care fellowship 数量少,风险高:发展农村重症监护研究金。
IF 6 1区 教育学 Q1 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15209
Ashley A. Dennis, Garth Brand, Virginia Mohl, Gordon Riha, Clint Seger
Training physicians to practice in rural and frontier settings is critical to address rural communities' health care needs. Newly qualified physicians experience multiple and multidimensional transitions across physical, cultural, psychological, and social domains in their work and life. The specific challenges they face transitioning into rural or frontier practice can translate into physician retention issues for health care systems. One obstacle is providing care to critically ill patients where volumes are low, but stakes are high.
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Medical Education
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