Sen Wang, Xue Zou, Henan Li, Dan Shan, Hongliang Fan
Based on magneto-electric (ME) effect and spin Hall effect (SHE), the authors propose a novel spin logic device named MESH-SLD. In MESH-SLD, the charge current is transmitted in the channel by employing inverse SHE, which solves the dissipation problem of spin current in the channel of all-spin logic device (ASLD). By using a magnetization-dynamics/spin-transport hybrid model, the authors have investigated the influence of working voltage, channel lengths, and materials on the performance of the MESH-SLD. And the simulation results show that the energy dissipation of the MESH-SLD only increases approximately linearly with the increase of channel length, while the switching delay remains almost unchanged. In addition, with the increase of the spin Hall angle of the channel material, the energy dissipation and the minimum working voltage of the MESH-SLD decrease significantly. Most importantly, compared with conventional ASLD, the proposed MESH-SLD improve the switching delay and the energy dissipation by about 2.5 times and 851.8 times, respectively.
{"title":"Proposal for a spin logic device based on magneto-electric effect and spin Hall effect","authors":"Sen Wang, Xue Zou, Henan Li, Dan Shan, Hongliang Fan","doi":"10.1049/mna2.12164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mna2.12164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on magneto-electric (ME) effect and spin Hall effect (SHE), the authors propose a novel spin logic device named MESH-SLD. In MESH-SLD, the charge current is transmitted in the channel by employing inverse SHE, which solves the dissipation problem of spin current in the channel of all-spin logic device (ASLD). By using a magnetization-dynamics/spin-transport hybrid model, the authors have investigated the influence of working voltage, channel lengths, and materials on the performance of the MESH-SLD. And the simulation results show that the energy dissipation of the MESH-SLD only increases approximately linearly with the increase of channel length, while the switching delay remains almost unchanged. In addition, with the increase of the spin Hall angle of the channel material, the energy dissipation and the minimum working voltage of the MESH-SLD decrease significantly. Most importantly, compared with conventional ASLD, the proposed MESH-SLD improve the switching delay and the energy dissipation by about 2.5 times and 851.8 times, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mna2.12164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50136838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, indium oxide (In2O3) nanomaterials are successfully synthesized on the silicon substrates by hydrothermal method and calcination. By changing the ratio of raw materials, In2O3 exhibits three morphologies of nanorods, nanomaces, and nanorod-flowers. Among the three morphologies of In2O3 nanomaterials, the nanorod-flowers shaped In2O3 shows a strong field emission property, the turn-on electric field as low as 0.97 V/µm and the field enhancement factor β up to 1053. The excellent performance is attributed to the higher length to diameter (L/D) ratio of the emitting tips and the better crystal quality for nanorod-flowers shaped In2O3. The authors also show that for the nanorod-flowers shaped In2O3, increasing separation distance, the turn-on electric field increases up to about 3.67 V/µm and β decreases to 573 at d = 900 µm. This work provides new insights to design and synthesize nanomaterials with excellent field emission properties.
{"title":"Controllable synthesis of indium oxide nanorod-flowers for high field emission performance","authors":"Yuechuan Hu, Hange Feng, Lingwei Li, Menghao Luo, Zibo Dong, Shaolin Xue","doi":"10.1049/mna2.12163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/mna2.12163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, indium oxide (In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanomaterials are successfully synthesized on the silicon substrates by hydrothermal method and calcination. By changing the ratio of raw materials, In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> exhibits three morphologies of nanorods, nanomaces, and nanorod-flowers. Among the three morphologies of In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanomaterials, the nanorod-flowers shaped In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> shows a strong field emission property, the turn-on electric field as low as 0.97 V/µm and the field enhancement factor <i>β</i> up to 1053. The excellent performance is attributed to the higher length to diameter (L/D) ratio of the emitting tips and the better crystal quality for nanorod-flowers shaped In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The authors also show that for the nanorod-flowers shaped In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, increasing separation distance, the turn-on electric field increases up to about 3.67 V/µm and <i>β</i> decreases to 573 at <i>d</i> = 900 µm. This work provides new insights to design and synthesize nanomaterials with excellent field emission properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/mna2.12163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50136837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denislav Markov, Emil Grigorov, B. Kirov, J. Denev, V. Galabov, M. Marinov
Microfluidics, also known as lab-on-a-chip or micro total analysis systems, can precisely regulate and manipulate micro-sized fluids. They have great potential in biology, chemistry, and medicine, as well as other fields of science. By definition, microfluidic devices operate with small-volume samples and small reactant quantities, which renders them both efficient and affordable. However, such small objects have very demanding requirements for the utilized optical detection system. Due to the specifics of those devices, monitoring the results of experiments is carried out with commercial inverted optical microscopes. Unfortunately, that type of optical device is still expensive. In this article, we present a truly functional, inexpensive, standalone, three-dimensionally printed, and inverted microscope, including the design, engineering, and manufacturing process and some of the experiments that have been conducted with it. Finally, we summarize the advantages of this three-dimensionally printed microscope (including the total fabrication costs) and the future improvements that will be introduced to it.
{"title":"Low-Cost Three-Dimensionally -Printed Inverted Plug and Play Optical Instrument for Microfluidic Imaging","authors":"Denislav Markov, Emil Grigorov, B. Kirov, J. Denev, V. Galabov, M. Marinov","doi":"10.3390/micro3020036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro3020036","url":null,"abstract":"Microfluidics, also known as lab-on-a-chip or micro total analysis systems, can precisely regulate and manipulate micro-sized fluids. They have great potential in biology, chemistry, and medicine, as well as other fields of science. By definition, microfluidic devices operate with small-volume samples and small reactant quantities, which renders them both efficient and affordable. However, such small objects have very demanding requirements for the utilized optical detection system. Due to the specifics of those devices, monitoring the results of experiments is carried out with commercial inverted optical microscopes. Unfortunately, that type of optical device is still expensive. In this article, we present a truly functional, inexpensive, standalone, three-dimensionally printed, and inverted microscope, including the design, engineering, and manufacturing process and some of the experiments that have been conducted with it. Finally, we summarize the advantages of this three-dimensionally printed microscope (including the total fabrication costs) and the future improvements that will be introduced to it.","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80471119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hubl, Raghied M. Atta, R. Kaufhold, Bei Wang, H. Ngo
Our recent development of a wireless humidity sensor system embedded in incontinence products enables new sensor applications to diagnose and supervise geriatric diseases (i.e., age-related diabetes mellitus type II). The measurement of glucose in urine, so-called glucosuria, is an early indicator for an incipient diabetes mellitus disease, whose symptoms are often age-related but misjudged. In this paper, an incontinence glucose sensor is printed with biocompatible ink and Prussian blue as an electron mediator on foil and functionalized with immobilized glucose oxidase. Inkjet printing of multiple layers of Nafion prevents large interference substances from diffusing into the measuring electrode and allows precise adjustment of the linear working range, which is significantly different from blood glucose measurement. Performance tests show the potential to detect minimum glucose values and store the sensor over a prolonged period at room temperature. The printed glucose sensor can be embedded into the absorber material of incontinence products, where capillary forces transport the urine analyte to the detection area. An attached readout module with an integrated potentiostat measures the glucose concentration in urine, which is transmitted wirelessly with incontinence events and stored in a cloud service for further analysis by medical staff and care workers.
{"title":"Nano-Materials-Based Printed Glucose Sensor for Use in Incontinence Products for Health-Care Applications","authors":"M. Hubl, Raghied M. Atta, R. Kaufhold, Bei Wang, H. Ngo","doi":"10.3390/micro3020035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro3020035","url":null,"abstract":"Our recent development of a wireless humidity sensor system embedded in incontinence products enables new sensor applications to diagnose and supervise geriatric diseases (i.e., age-related diabetes mellitus type II). The measurement of glucose in urine, so-called glucosuria, is an early indicator for an incipient diabetes mellitus disease, whose symptoms are often age-related but misjudged. In this paper, an incontinence glucose sensor is printed with biocompatible ink and Prussian blue as an electron mediator on foil and functionalized with immobilized glucose oxidase. Inkjet printing of multiple layers of Nafion prevents large interference substances from diffusing into the measuring electrode and allows precise adjustment of the linear working range, which is significantly different from blood glucose measurement. Performance tests show the potential to detect minimum glucose values and store the sensor over a prolonged period at room temperature. The printed glucose sensor can be embedded into the absorber material of incontinence products, where capillary forces transport the urine analyte to the detection area. An attached readout module with an integrated potentiostat measures the glucose concentration in urine, which is transmitted wirelessly with incontinence events and stored in a cloud service for further analysis by medical staff and care workers.","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78956927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sinapic acid, 3,5-dimethoxyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, belonging to the class of hydroxycinnamic acids, shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, renoprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anxiolytic, and antibacterial activity. The aim of this work was to incorporate sinapic acid into solid lipid nanoparticles in order to improve its bioavailability. SLNs were prepared using the hot high-speed homogenization method. The pharmaco-technological properties and thermotropic profile of SLNs encapsulated with sinapic acid, as well as their interaction with biomembrane models, were evaluated. SLNs showed promising physicochemical properties and encapsulation efficiency, as well as a desirable release profile; moreover, they facilitated the interaction of sinapic acid with a biomembrane model made of multilamellar vesicles. In conclusion, this formulation can be used in further studies to assess its suitability to improve sinapic acid activity.
{"title":"Assessment of Pharmaco-Technological Parameters of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Carriers for Sinapic Acid","authors":"Stefano Russo, Giuliana Greco, M. Sarpietro","doi":"10.3390/micro3020034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro3020034","url":null,"abstract":"Sinapic acid, 3,5-dimethoxyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, belonging to the class of hydroxycinnamic acids, shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, renoprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, anxiolytic, and antibacterial activity. The aim of this work was to incorporate sinapic acid into solid lipid nanoparticles in order to improve its bioavailability. SLNs were prepared using the hot high-speed homogenization method. The pharmaco-technological properties and thermotropic profile of SLNs encapsulated with sinapic acid, as well as their interaction with biomembrane models, were evaluated. SLNs showed promising physicochemical properties and encapsulation efficiency, as well as a desirable release profile; moreover, they facilitated the interaction of sinapic acid with a biomembrane model made of multilamellar vesicles. In conclusion, this formulation can be used in further studies to assess its suitability to improve sinapic acid activity.","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79656627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quentin Drouhet, F. Touchard, L. Chocinski-Arnault
This paper aims to study the tensile behavior of a woven [0/90]7 hemp/Elium composite after three different conditionings: “Ambient storage”, “Saturated at 60 °C” and “15 wet/dry cycles”. Instrumented repeated progressive tensile loading tests were carried out and showed an unexpected increase in the secant modulus for the aged samples at the end of the test. An in-situ micro-CT tensile test was then performed on a “15 wet/dry cycles” aged sample. The analysis of the tomographic images showed the damage development with interfacial debonding and matrix cracks in the specimen volume, and also the decrease in the curvature radius of the warp yarns during tensile loading facilitated by the plasticization of the resin. Finite element calculations were thus performed and demonstrated that the increase in the modulus is directly linked to the straightening of warp yarns, showing that the evolution of the modulus on a macroscopic scale can be explained by the deformations of the yarns on a microscopic level. These results allow us to better understand the mechanical behavior and the damage mechanisms that occur in biocomposites during tensile testing after water aging.
{"title":"Tensile Behavior of [0/90]7 Hemp/Elium Biocomposites after Water Aging: In-Situ Micro-CT Testing and Numerical Analysis","authors":"Quentin Drouhet, F. Touchard, L. Chocinski-Arnault","doi":"10.3390/micro3020033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro3020033","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to study the tensile behavior of a woven [0/90]7 hemp/Elium composite after three different conditionings: “Ambient storage”, “Saturated at 60 °C” and “15 wet/dry cycles”. Instrumented repeated progressive tensile loading tests were carried out and showed an unexpected increase in the secant modulus for the aged samples at the end of the test. An in-situ micro-CT tensile test was then performed on a “15 wet/dry cycles” aged sample. The analysis of the tomographic images showed the damage development with interfacial debonding and matrix cracks in the specimen volume, and also the decrease in the curvature radius of the warp yarns during tensile loading facilitated by the plasticization of the resin. Finite element calculations were thus performed and demonstrated that the increase in the modulus is directly linked to the straightening of warp yarns, showing that the evolution of the modulus on a macroscopic scale can be explained by the deformations of the yarns on a microscopic level. These results allow us to better understand the mechanical behavior and the damage mechanisms that occur in biocomposites during tensile testing after water aging.","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84860345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plastic straws are well-known tools to assist human beings in drinking fluid, but most of them have micro-defects including black spot defects, head problems, pressure tube defects, and sealing wrinkles. The manual detection of these defects has drawbacks such as low efficiency, a high false detection rate, and excessive labor. This paper proposed machine vision-based detection with self-adaption and high-accuracy characteristics. A serial synthesis of algorithms including homomorphic filtering, Nobuyuki Otsu, and morphological opening operations is proposed to obtain plastic straws with binary images with good performance, and it was further found that the convolutional neural network can be designed to realize the real-time recognition of black spot defects, where the corner detection algorithm demonstrates the linear fitting of the edge point of the straw with the effective detection of sealing wrinkle defects. We also demonstrated that the multi-threshold classification algorithm is used to detect defects effectively for head problems and pressure tube defects. The detection system based on machine vision successfully overcomes shortcomings of manual inspection, which has high inspection efficiency and adaptively detects multiple defects with 96.85% accuracy. This research can effectively help straw companies achieve high-quality automated production and promotes the application of machine vision in plastic straw defects with the aid of machine learning.
{"title":"Machine Learning-Augmented Micro-Defect Detection on Plastic Straw","authors":"Zhisheng Zhang, Peng Meng, Yaxin Yang, Jian Zhu","doi":"10.3390/micro3020032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro3020032","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic straws are well-known tools to assist human beings in drinking fluid, but most of them have micro-defects including black spot defects, head problems, pressure tube defects, and sealing wrinkles. The manual detection of these defects has drawbacks such as low efficiency, a high false detection rate, and excessive labor. This paper proposed machine vision-based detection with self-adaption and high-accuracy characteristics. A serial synthesis of algorithms including homomorphic filtering, Nobuyuki Otsu, and morphological opening operations is proposed to obtain plastic straws with binary images with good performance, and it was further found that the convolutional neural network can be designed to realize the real-time recognition of black spot defects, where the corner detection algorithm demonstrates the linear fitting of the edge point of the straw with the effective detection of sealing wrinkle defects. We also demonstrated that the multi-threshold classification algorithm is used to detect defects effectively for head problems and pressure tube defects. The detection system based on machine vision successfully overcomes shortcomings of manual inspection, which has high inspection efficiency and adaptively detects multiple defects with 96.85% accuracy. This research can effectively help straw companies achieve high-quality automated production and promotes the application of machine vision in plastic straw defects with the aid of machine learning.","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87778011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The dental environment is being polluted with metals from dental materials in many ways, mainly due to aerosol-generating procedures; this could affect the long-term well-being of dentists, dental students, and dental personnel. The current dental pollution incorporates metallic nanoparticles, which are highly reactive and quickly become airborne, especially those particles that become unbound in the bulk composition. In addition, liquid mercury or mercury vapors may be released from dental amalgam, causing concerns in the dental community. In our study, we reviewed the behavior of metallic elements present in dental materials, their routes of exposure, and their potentially toxic effects on the dental team. This review found that skin and lung disorders are the most harmful effects of metallic exposure for dentists, dental students, and dental personnel. Therefore, chronic exposure to low concentrations of metals in the dental environment, especially in nanosized forms, should be further investigated to improve the environmental matrix, material choice, and safety protocols.
{"title":"Nanometals and Metal Ion Pollution from Dental Materials in Dental Environment","authors":"A. C. B. Fernandes, R. França","doi":"10.3390/micro3020031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro3020031","url":null,"abstract":"The dental environment is being polluted with metals from dental materials in many ways, mainly due to aerosol-generating procedures; this could affect the long-term well-being of dentists, dental students, and dental personnel. The current dental pollution incorporates metallic nanoparticles, which are highly reactive and quickly become airborne, especially those particles that become unbound in the bulk composition. In addition, liquid mercury or mercury vapors may be released from dental amalgam, causing concerns in the dental community. In our study, we reviewed the behavior of metallic elements present in dental materials, their routes of exposure, and their potentially toxic effects on the dental team. This review found that skin and lung disorders are the most harmful effects of metallic exposure for dentists, dental students, and dental personnel. Therefore, chronic exposure to low concentrations of metals in the dental environment, especially in nanosized forms, should be further investigated to improve the environmental matrix, material choice, and safety protocols.","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88511061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Dutková, J. Kováč, J. Kováč, J. Hejtmánek, P. Levinský, A. Kashimbetova, M. Sayagués, M. Fabián, Z. Lukáčová Bujňáková, M. Baláž, Katarína Gáborová, V. Puchý, L. Čelko
In this study, we report the optoelectric and thermoelectric properties of famatinite Cu3SbS4 that was mechanochemically synthesized in a planetary mill from powder elements for 120 min in an inert atmosphere. The tetragonal famatinite Cu3SbS4 was nanocrystalline with a crystallite size of 14 nm, as endorsed by Rietveld refinement. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed several crystallites in the range of 20–50 nm. Raman spectroscopy proved the purity of the synthesized famatinite Cu3SbS4 and chemical-state characterization performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the prepared sample was pure. The Cu1+, Sb5+, and S2− oxidation states in Cu3SbS4 sample were approved. The morphology characterization showed homogeneity of the prepared sample. The photoresponse of Cu3SbS4 was confirmed from I–V measurements in the dark and under illumination. The photocurrent increase reached 20% compared to the current in the dark at a voltage of 5 V. The achieved results confirm that synthesized famatinite Cu3SbS4 can be applied as a suitable absorbent material in solar cells. The performed thermoelectric measurements revealed a figure of merit ZT of 0.05 at 600 K.
{"title":"Properties of Mechanochemically Synthesized Famatinite Cu3SbS4 Nanocrystals","authors":"E. Dutková, J. Kováč, J. Kováč, J. Hejtmánek, P. Levinský, A. Kashimbetova, M. Sayagués, M. Fabián, Z. Lukáčová Bujňáková, M. Baláž, Katarína Gáborová, V. Puchý, L. Čelko","doi":"10.3390/micro3020030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro3020030","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we report the optoelectric and thermoelectric properties of famatinite Cu3SbS4 that was mechanochemically synthesized in a planetary mill from powder elements for 120 min in an inert atmosphere. The tetragonal famatinite Cu3SbS4 was nanocrystalline with a crystallite size of 14 nm, as endorsed by Rietveld refinement. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed several crystallites in the range of 20–50 nm. Raman spectroscopy proved the purity of the synthesized famatinite Cu3SbS4 and chemical-state characterization performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the prepared sample was pure. The Cu1+, Sb5+, and S2− oxidation states in Cu3SbS4 sample were approved. The morphology characterization showed homogeneity of the prepared sample. The photoresponse of Cu3SbS4 was confirmed from I–V measurements in the dark and under illumination. The photocurrent increase reached 20% compared to the current in the dark at a voltage of 5 V. The achieved results confirm that synthesized famatinite Cu3SbS4 can be applied as a suitable absorbent material in solar cells. The performed thermoelectric measurements revealed a figure of merit ZT of 0.05 at 600 K.","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86145389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mechanical properties of scaffolds play a vital role in regulating key cellular processes in tissue development and regeneration in the field of tissue engineering. Recently, scaffolding material design strategies leverage viscoelasticity to guide stem cells toward specific tissue regeneration. Herein, we designed and developed a viscoelastic Gel-PEG hybrid hydrogel with anisotropic morphology and mechanical properties using a gelatin and functionalized PEG (as a crosslinker) under a benign condition for tissue engineering application. The chemical crosslinking/grafting reaction was mainly involved between epoxide groups of PEG and available functional groups of gelatin. FTIR spectra revealed the hybrid nature of Gel-PEG hydrogel. The hybrid hydrogel showed good swelling behavior (water content > 600%), high porosity and pore interconnectivity suitable for tissue engineering application. Simple unidirectional freezing followed by a freeze-drying technique allowed the creation of structurally stable 3D anisotropic macroporous architecture that showed tissue-like elasticity and was capable of withstanding high deformation (50% strain) without being damaged. The tensile and compressive modulus of Gel-PEG hybrid hydrogel were found to be 0.863 MPa and 0.330 MPa, respectively, which are within the range of normal human articular cartilage. In-depth mechanical characterizations showed that the Gel-PEG hybrid hydrogel possessed natural-tissue-like mechanics such as non-linear and J-shaped stress-strain curves, stress softening effect, high fatigue resistance and stress relaxation response. A month-long hydrolytic degradation test revealed that the hydrogel gradually degraded in a homogeneous manner over time but maintained its structural stability and anisotropic mechanics. Overall, all these interesting features provide a potential opportunity for Gel-PEG hybrid hydrogel as a scaffold in a wide range of tissue engineering applications.
{"title":"Designing Viscoelastic Gelatin-PEG Macroporous Hybrid Hydrogel with Anisotropic Morphology and Mechanical Properties for Tissue Engineering Application","authors":"K. Dey, S. Agnelli, L. Sartore","doi":"10.3390/micro3020029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/micro3020029","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical properties of scaffolds play a vital role in regulating key cellular processes in tissue development and regeneration in the field of tissue engineering. Recently, scaffolding material design strategies leverage viscoelasticity to guide stem cells toward specific tissue regeneration. Herein, we designed and developed a viscoelastic Gel-PEG hybrid hydrogel with anisotropic morphology and mechanical properties using a gelatin and functionalized PEG (as a crosslinker) under a benign condition for tissue engineering application. The chemical crosslinking/grafting reaction was mainly involved between epoxide groups of PEG and available functional groups of gelatin. FTIR spectra revealed the hybrid nature of Gel-PEG hydrogel. The hybrid hydrogel showed good swelling behavior (water content > 600%), high porosity and pore interconnectivity suitable for tissue engineering application. Simple unidirectional freezing followed by a freeze-drying technique allowed the creation of structurally stable 3D anisotropic macroporous architecture that showed tissue-like elasticity and was capable of withstanding high deformation (50% strain) without being damaged. The tensile and compressive modulus of Gel-PEG hybrid hydrogel were found to be 0.863 MPa and 0.330 MPa, respectively, which are within the range of normal human articular cartilage. In-depth mechanical characterizations showed that the Gel-PEG hybrid hydrogel possessed natural-tissue-like mechanics such as non-linear and J-shaped stress-strain curves, stress softening effect, high fatigue resistance and stress relaxation response. A month-long hydrolytic degradation test revealed that the hydrogel gradually degraded in a homogeneous manner over time but maintained its structural stability and anisotropic mechanics. Overall, all these interesting features provide a potential opportunity for Gel-PEG hybrid hydrogel as a scaffold in a wide range of tissue engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":18398,"journal":{"name":"Micro & Nano Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86474001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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