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Heavy Metal Detection and Removal by Composite Carbon Quantum Dots/Ionomer Membranes 利用碳量子点/离子膜复合材料检测和去除重金属
IF 4.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060134
E. Sgreccia, Francia Sarhaly Gallardo Gonzalez, P. Prosposito, L. Burratti, Michele Sisani, M. Bastianini, Philippe Knauth, M. Di Vona
The combination of ion exchange membranes with carbon quantum dots (CQDs) is a promising field that could lead to significant advances in water treatment. Composite membranes formed by sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) with embedded CQDs were used for the detection and removal of heavy metal ions, such as lead and cadmium, from water. SPEEK is responsible for the capture of heavy metals based on the cation exchange mechanism, while CQDs detect their contamination by exhibiting changes in fluorescence. Water-insoluble “red” carbon quantum dots (rCQDs) were synthesized from p-phenylenediamine so that their photoluminescence was shifted from that of the polymer matrix. CQDs and the composites were characterized by several techniques: FTIR, Raman, UV/VIS, photoluminescence, XPS spectroscopies, and AFM microscopy. The heavy metal ion concentration was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The concentration ranges were 10.8–0.1 mM for Pb2+ and 10.0–0.27 mM for Cd2+. SPEEK/rCQDs showed a more pronounced turn-off effect for lead. The composite achieved 100% removal efficiency for lead and cadmium when the concentration was below a half of the ion exchange capacity of SPEEK. The regeneration of membranes in 1 M NaCl was also studied. A second order law was effective to describe the kinetics of the process.
离子交换膜与碳量子点(CQDs)的结合是一个前景广阔的领域,可在水处理方面取得重大进展。由磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)与嵌入式碳量子点形成的复合膜被用于检测和去除水中的重金属离子,如铅和镉。根据阳离子交换机制,SPEEK 负责捕获重金属,而 CQD 则通过荧光变化来检测重金属污染。用对苯二胺合成了不溶于水的 "红色 "碳量子点(rCQDs),使其光致发光与聚合物基体的光致发光发生偏移。CQDs 和复合材料通过多种技术进行了表征:傅立叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱、紫外/可见光谱、光致发光光谱、XPS 光谱和原子力显微镜。重金属离子浓度通过电感耦合等离子体-光发射光谱(ICP-OES)进行分析。Pb2+ 和 Cd2+ 的浓度范围分别为 10.8-0.1 mM 和 10.0-0.27 mM。SPEEK/rCQDs 对铅的去除效果更为明显。当铅和镉的浓度低于 SPEEK 离子交换容量的一半时,复合材料对铅和镉的去除率达到 100%。此外,还研究了膜在 1 M NaCl 中的再生问题。二阶定律有效地描述了这一过程的动力学。
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引用次数: 0
Zinc Recovery from a Water Supply by Reverse Osmosis Operated at Low Pressures: Looking for Sustainability in Water Treatment Advanced Processes 通过低压反渗透从供水中回收锌:寻求水处理先进工艺的可持续性
IF 4.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060131
Paola Andrea Alvizuri-Tintaya, Paul d’Abzac, V. G. Lo-Iacono-Ferreira, J. Torregrosa-López, Jaime Lora-García
Achieving sustainability in life involves increasing efforts to recover resources. This research proposes the recovery of Zn from the Milluni lagoons, an important water supply for Bolivia, where high concentrations of Zn have been identified that exceed permitted limits, exposing a risk to health and ecosystems. The application of reverse osmosis (RO), operated with low pressures, is proposed as a first stage for the concentration of Zn and subsequent recovery of this metal through chemical precipitation. The aim was to maintain the separation efficiency of the RO operated at low pressures without presenting operational problems. As a result, 98.83% metal concentration was achieved with a laboratory-scale pilot system. The above means an important potential for large-scale Zn concentration, apart from orienting the RO toward sustainability by working with low pressures that reduce energy costs during its operation. This study can be used as a valuable reference for the advancement of sustainable technologies in the field of water treatment that simultaneously allow the recovery of resources to promote a circular economy. Finally, this study exposes an alternative for regions with heavy metal water contamination in Bolivia and worldwide.
要实现生活的可持续性,就必须加大资源回收力度。米卢尼泻湖是玻利维亚的一个重要水源地,该泻湖中的锌浓度已超过允许限度,对健康和生态系统构成风险。建议采用低压反渗透技术(RO)作为浓缩锌的第一阶段,然后通过化学沉淀回收这种金属。这样做的目的是在不产生操作问题的情况下,保持低压反渗透的分离效率。结果,实验室规模的试验系统实现了 98.83% 的金属浓缩。这意味着,除了通过低压工作降低反渗透操作过程中的能源成本,使反渗透实现可持续发展之外,还具有大规模锌浓缩的重要潜力。这项研究可作为水处理领域可持续技术发展的宝贵参考,同时还能回收资源,促进循环经济的发展。最后,这项研究为玻利维亚和全球重金属水污染地区提供了一种替代方案。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Rubber Industry Wastewater Treatment through an Integrated AnMBR and A/O MBR System: Performance, Membrane Fouling Analysis, and Microbial Community Evolution 通过集成式 AnMBR 和 A/O MBR 系统加强橡胶工业废水处理:性能、膜污垢分析和微生物群落演化
IF 4.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060130
Ishanka Prabhath Wimalaweera, Yuansong Wei, Fumin Zuo, Qihe Tang, T. Ritigala, Yawei Wang, Hui-zhou Zhong, R. Weerasooriya, Shameen Jinadasa, Sujithra K. Weragoda
This study explores the effectiveness of an integrated anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) coupled with an anoxic/oxic membrane bioreactor (A/O MBR) for the treatment of natural rubber industry wastewater with high sulfate, ammonia, and complex organic contents. This study was conducted at the lab-scale over a duration of 225 days to thoroughly investigate the efficiency and sustainability of the proposed treatment method. With a hydraulic retention time of 6 days for the total system, COD reductions were over 98%, which reduced the influent from 22,158 ± 2859 mg/L to 118 ± 74 mg/L of the effluent. The system demonstrates average NH3-N, TN, and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies of 72.9 ± 5.7, 72.8 ± 5.6, and 71.3 ± 9.9, respectively. Despite an average whole biological system removal of 50.6%, the anaerobic reactor eliminated 44.9% of the raw WW sulfate. Analyses of membrane fouling revealed that organic fouling was more pronounced in the anaerobic membrane, whereas aerobic membrane fouling displayed varied profiles due to differential microbial and oxidative activities. Key bacterial genera, such as Desulfobacterota in the anaerobic stage and nitrifiers in the aerobic stage, are identified as instrumental in the biological processes. The microbial profile reveals a shift from methanogenesis to sulfide-driven autotrophic denitrification and sulfammox, with evidence of an active denitrification pathway in anaerobic/anoxic conditions. The system showcases its potential for industrial application, underpinning environmental sustainability through improved wastewater management.
本研究探讨了厌氧膜生物反应器(AnMBR)与缺氧/缺氧膜生物反应器(A/O MBR)相结合处理硫酸盐、氨氮和复杂有机物含量较高的天然橡胶工业废水的有效性。这项研究是在实验室规模下进行的,历时 225 天,目的是彻底调查拟议处理方法的效率和可持续性。整个系统的水力停留时间为 6 天,化学需氧量降低率超过 98%,进水从 22,158 ± 2859 毫克/升降至出水的 118 ± 74 毫克/升。该系统对 NH3-N、TN 和总磷(TP)的平均去除率分别为 72.9 ± 5.7、72.8 ± 5.6 和 71.3 ± 9.9。尽管整个生物系统的平均去除率为 50.6%,但厌氧反应器对原始 WW 硫酸盐的去除率为 44.9%。对膜污垢的分析表明,有机污垢在厌氧膜中更为明显,而好氧膜污垢则由于微生物和氧化活动的不同而显示出不同的特征。厌氧阶段的脱硫菌群和好氧阶段的硝化菌群等关键细菌属在生物过程中发挥了重要作用。微生物图谱显示,甲烷生成已转向硫化物驱动的自养反硝化和硫毒作用,并有证据表明在厌氧/缺氧条件下存在活跃的反硝化途径。该系统展示了其在工业应用方面的潜力,通过改善废水管理为环境的可持续发展奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Non-Dispersive Extraction of Chromium(VI) by Cyphos IL102/Solvesso 100 Using the Pseudo-Emulsion-Based Strip Dispersion Membrane Operation Cyphos IL102/Solvesso 100 利用基于伪乳液的条带分散膜操作对铬(VI)进行非分散萃取
IF 4.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060129
Francisco José Alguacil
The removal of chromium(VI) from an acidic (HCl) medium through non-dispersive extraction with strip dispersion (NDXSD) was investigated using a microporous PVDF membrane support in a permeation cell. The ionic liquid Cyphos IL102 (phosphonium salt) in Solvesso 100 was used as an organic phase. In NDXSD, the stripping phase (NaOH) is dispersed in the organic phase on the cell side with an impeller stirrer adequate to form a strip dispersion. This pseudo-emulsion phase (organic + strip solutions) provides a constant supply of the Cyphos IL102/Solvesso 100 to the membrane phase. Various hydrodynamic and chemical parameters, such as variation in the feed and pseudo-emulsion stirring speeds, HCl and Cr(VI) concentrations in the feed phase, and carrier concentration, were investigated. Results indicated that the best chromium(VI) transport was obtained under the following conditions: feed and pseudo-emulsion stirring speeds of 1000 min−1 and 600 min−1, respectively; an HCl concentration in the feed phase of 0.1 M; a chromium concentration of 0.01 g/L in the same phase; and carrier concentration in the organic phase in the 2–5–10% v/v range. From the experimental data, several mass transfer coefficients were estimated: a bulk diffusion coefficient of 3.1·10−7 cm2/s and a diffusion coefficient of 6.1·10−8 cm2/s in the membrane phase and mass transfer coefficients in the feed (5.7·10−3 cm/s) and membrane phases (2.9·10−6 cm/s). The performance of the present system against other ionic liquids and the presence of base metals in the feed phase were investigated.
研究人员使用渗透池中的微孔聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)膜载体,通过条带分散非分散萃取(NDXSD)技术从酸性(盐酸)介质中去除铬(VI)。Solvesso 100 中的离子液体 Cyphos IL102(鏻盐)被用作有机相。在 NDXSD 中,汽提相(NaOH)通过叶轮搅拌器充分分散在池侧的有机相中,形成条状分散体。这种假乳相(有机溶液+条状溶液)可向膜相持续供应 Cyphos IL102/Solvesso 100。研究了各种流体力学和化学参数,如进料和假乳液搅拌速度的变化、进料相中的盐酸和六(七)铬浓度以及载体浓度。结果表明,在以下条件下,铬(VI)的迁移效果最佳:料相和假乳液搅拌速度分别为 1000 min-1 和 600 min-1;料相中盐酸浓度为 0.1 M;同相中铬浓度为 0.01 g/L;有机相中载体浓度在 2-5-10% v/v 范围内。根据实验数据估算出了几个传质系数:膜相中的体积扩散系数为 3.1-10-7 cm2/s,扩散系数为 6.1-10-8 cm2/s;进料(5.7-10-3 cm/s)和膜相(2.9-10-6 cm/s)中的传质系数。研究了本系统与其他离子液体的性能以及进料相中碱金属的存在情况。
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引用次数: 0
The Utilization of Chicken Egg White Waste-Modified Nanofiber Membrane for Anionic Dye Removal in Batch and Flow Systems: Comprehensive Investigations into Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Breakthrough Curve 利用鸡蛋白废料改性纳米纤维膜在间歇和流动系统中去除阴离子染料:平衡、动力学和突破曲线的综合研究
IF 4.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060128
Yun-Rou Chen, Dinh Thi Hong Thanh, Quynh Thi Phuong Tran, Bing-Lan Liu, P. Srinophakun, Chen-Yaw Chiu, Kuei-Hsiang Chen, Yu-Kaung Chang
This study investigated the use of chicken egg white (CEW) waste immobilized on weak acidic nanofiber membranes for removing the anionic acid orange 7 (AO7) dye in batch and continuous flow modes. Different experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of CEW-modified nanofiber membranes for AO7 removal, focusing on CEW immobilization conditions, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamics. The CEW-modified nanofiber membrane (namely NM-COOH-CEW) exhibited a maximum AO7 adsorption capacity of 589.11 mg/g within approximately 30 min. The Freundlich isotherm model best represented the equilibrium adsorption data, while the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order rate model. Breakthrough curve analysis using the Thomas model and the bed depth service time (BDST) model showed that the BDST model accurately described the curve, with an error percentage under 5%. To investigate AO7 elution efficiency, different concentrations of organic solvents or salts were tested as eluents. The NM-COOH-CEW nanofiber membrane exhibited promising performance as an effective adsorbent for removing AO7 dye from contaminated water.
本研究调查了固定在弱酸性纳米纤维膜上的鸡蛋白(CEW)废料在间歇和连续流模式下用于去除阴离子酸性橙 7(AO7)染料的情况。为了评估 CEW 改性纳米纤维膜去除 AO7 的效果,我们进行了不同的实验,重点关注 CEW 的固定条件、吸附动力学和热力学。CEW 改性纳米纤维膜(即 NM-COOH-CEW)在约 30 分钟内的最大 AO7 吸附量为 589.11 mg/g。Freundlich 等温线模型最能代表平衡吸附数据,而吸附动力学则遵循伪二阶速率模型。利用托马斯模型和床层深度服务时间(BDST)模型进行的突破曲线分析表明,BDST 模型准确地描述了曲线,误差率低于 5%。为了研究 AO7 的洗脱效率,测试了不同浓度的有机溶剂或盐作为洗脱剂。作为一种有效的吸附剂,NM-COOH-CEW 纳米纤维膜在去除污染水中的 AO7 染料方面表现出良好的性能。
{"title":"The Utilization of Chicken Egg White Waste-Modified Nanofiber Membrane for Anionic Dye Removal in Batch and Flow Systems: Comprehensive Investigations into Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Breakthrough Curve","authors":"Yun-Rou Chen, Dinh Thi Hong Thanh, Quynh Thi Phuong Tran, Bing-Lan Liu, P. Srinophakun, Chen-Yaw Chiu, Kuei-Hsiang Chen, Yu-Kaung Chang","doi":"10.3390/membranes14060128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14060128","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the use of chicken egg white (CEW) waste immobilized on weak acidic nanofiber membranes for removing the anionic acid orange 7 (AO7) dye in batch and continuous flow modes. Different experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of CEW-modified nanofiber membranes for AO7 removal, focusing on CEW immobilization conditions, adsorption kinetics, and thermodynamics. The CEW-modified nanofiber membrane (namely NM-COOH-CEW) exhibited a maximum AO7 adsorption capacity of 589.11 mg/g within approximately 30 min. The Freundlich isotherm model best represented the equilibrium adsorption data, while the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order rate model. Breakthrough curve analysis using the Thomas model and the bed depth service time (BDST) model showed that the BDST model accurately described the curve, with an error percentage under 5%. To investigate AO7 elution efficiency, different concentrations of organic solvents or salts were tested as eluents. The NM-COOH-CEW nanofiber membrane exhibited promising performance as an effective adsorbent for removing AO7 dye from contaminated water.","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integration of Full-Size Graywater Membrane-Aerated Biological Reactor with Reverse Osmosis System for Space-Based Wastewater Treatment. 将全尺寸灰水膜曝气生物反应器与反渗透系统集成用于空间废水处理。
IF 3.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060127
Ghaem Hooshyari, Arpita Bose, W Andrew Jackson

To date, life support systems on the International Space Center (ISS) or those planned for upcoming moon/Mars missions have not included biological reactors for wastewater treatment, despite their ubiquitous use for the treatment of terrestrial wastewaters. However, the new focus on partial gravity habitats reduces the required complexity of treatment systems compared with those operating in micro-gravity, and the likely addition of large-volume wastewaters with surfactant loads (e.g., laundry and shower) makes the current ISS wastewater treatment system inappropriate due to the foaming potential from surfactants, increased consumable requirements due to the use of non-regenerative systems (e.g., mixed adsorbent beds), the complexity of the system, and sensitivity to failures from precipitation and/or biological fouling. Hybrid systems that combine simple biological reactors with desalination (e.g., Reverse Osmosis (RO)) could reduce system and consumable mass and complexity. Our objective was to evaluate a system composed of a membrane-aerated bioreactor (MABR) coupled to a low-pressure commercial RO system to process partial gravity habitat wastewater. The MABR was able to serve as the only wastewater collection tank (variable volume), receiving all wastewaters as they were produced. The MABR treated more than 20,750 L of graywater and was able to remove more than 90% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), producing an effluent with DOC < 14 mg/L and BOD < 12 mg/L and oxidizing >90% of the ammoniacal nitrogen into NOx-. A single RO membrane (260 g) was able to process >3000 L of MABR effluent and produced a RO permeate with DOC < 5 mg/L, TN < 2 mg/L, and TDS < 10 mg/L, which would essentially meet ISS potable water standards after disinfection. The system has an un-optimized mass and volume of 128.5 kg. Consumables include oxygen (~4 g/crew-day), RO membranes, and a prefilter (1.7 g/crew-day). For a one-year mission with four crew, the total system + consumable mass are ~141 kg, which would produce ~15,150 kg of treated water, resulting in a pay-back period of 13.4 days (3.35 days for a crew of four). Given that the MABR in this study operated for 500 days, while in previous studies, similar systems operated for more than 3 years, the total system costs would be exceedingly low. These results highlight the potential application of hybrid treatment systems for space habitats, which may also have a direct application to terrestrial applications where source-separated systems are employed.

迄今为止,国际空间站(ISS)上的生命支持系统或即将执行的月球/火星任务计划中的生命支持系统都不包括用于废水处理的生物反应器,尽管它们在处理陆地废水方面的应用无处不在。然而,与在微重力环境中运行的系统相比,部分重力生境的新重点降低了对处理系统复杂性的要求,而且可能会增加含有表面活性剂的大容量废水(如洗衣和淋浴),这使得目前的国际空间站废水处理系统变得不合适,因为表面活性剂可能会产生泡沫,使用非再生系统(如混合吸附床)会增加消耗品需求,系统复杂,以及对沉淀和/或生物污垢故障的敏感性。将简单的生物反应器与海水淡化(如反渗透)相结合的混合系统可以减少系统和耗材的质量,降低复杂性。我们的目标是评估一个由膜通气生物反应器(MABR)和低压商业反渗透系统组成的系统,以处理部分重力栖息地废水。MABR 可以作为唯一的废水收集池(容积可变),接收产生的所有废水。MABR 处理了超过 20,750 升的灰水,能够去除超过 90% 的溶解有机碳 (DOC),产生的出水 DOC < 14 mg/L,BOD < 12 mg/L,并将超过 90% 的氨氮氧化为氮氧化物。单个反渗透膜(260 克)能够处理超过 3000 升的 MABR 污水,产生的反渗透渗透液 DOC < 5 毫克/升,TN < 2 毫克/升,TDS < 10 毫克/升,消毒后基本符合 ISS 饮用水标准。该系统的未优化质量和体积为 128.5 千克。消耗品包括氧气(约 4 克/机组人员-天)、反渗透膜和预过滤器(1.7 克/机组人员-天)。对于有四名乘员的为期一年的飞行任务,系统和消耗品的总重量约为 141 千克,可产生约 15 150 千克的处理水,因此投资回收期为 13.4 天(四名乘员的投资回收期为 3.35 天)。鉴于本研究中的人与生物圈反应器的运行时间为 500 天,而在以前的研究中,类似系统的运行时间超过 3 年,因此系统的总成本会非常低。这些结果凸显了混合处理系统在太空栖息地的潜在应用,也可直接应用于采用源分离系统的地面应用。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical-Saving Potential for Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Processes Based on Long-Term Pilot Trials. 基于长期试点试验的膜生物反应器 (MBR) 工艺的化学节约潜力。
IF 3.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060126
Sofia Lovisa Andersson, Christian Baresel, Sofia Andersson, Klara Westling, Mikael Eriksson, Andrea Carranza Munoz, Gabriel Persson, Mayumi Narongin-Fujikawa, Kristin Johansson, Tomas Rydberg

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have gained attraction in municipal wastewater treatment because of their capacity to meet strict water quality standards and support water reuse. Despite this, their operational sustainability is often compromised by high resource consumption, especially regarding the use of chemicals for membrane cleaning. This study explores innovative membrane-cleaning strategies to enhance the sustainability of MBR processes. Through long-term pilot trials at Stockholm's largest wastewater treatment plant, this study showed that alternative cleaning strategies can reduce chemical use by up to 75% without sacrificing treatment performance. The results further suggest that these alternative strategies could result in cost reductions of up to 70% and a reduction in environmental impacts by as much as 95% for certain indicators. Given that MBRs play a crucial role in addressing increasing treatment demands and advancing circular water management, the outcomes of this study are beneficial for the broader adoption of MBR processes. These results also have implications for existing installations, offering a pathway to more sustainable wastewater treatment. Moreover, the presented cleaning strategies provide significant opportunities for lowering operational costs and reducing the environmental footprint of new and existing MBR installations.

膜生物反应器(MBR)因其能够满足严格的水质标准并支持中水回用,在城市污水处理中备受青睐。尽管如此,膜生物反应器的运行可持续性往往因资源消耗量大而受到影响,特别是在使用化学品清洗膜方面。本研究探讨了创新的膜清洁策略,以提高 MBR 工艺的可持续性。通过在斯德哥尔摩最大的污水处理厂进行长期试点试验,这项研究表明,替代清洁策略可以在不牺牲处理性能的情况下减少高达 75% 的化学品使用。研究结果进一步表明,这些替代策略可使成本降低多达 70%,某些指标对环境的影响可减少多达 95%。鉴于 MBR 在解决日益增长的处理需求和推进循环水管理方面发挥着至关重要的作用,本研究的成果有利于更广泛地采用 MBR 工艺。这些结果对现有装置也有影响,为更可持续的废水处理提供了途径。此外,所介绍的清洁策略为降低运行成本和减少新的和现有 MBR 设备的环境足迹提供了重要机会。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Coagulation-Integrated Sand Filtration and Ultrafiltration for Seawater Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment. 用于海水反渗透预处理的混凝-集成砂滤与超滤的比较。
IF 3.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060125
Qingao Li, Lixin Xie, Shichang Xu, Wen Zhang

The removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from seawater before the reverse osmosis (RO) processes is crucial for alleviating organic fouling of RO membranes. However, research is still insufficiently developed in the comparison of the effectiveness of integrating coagulation with ultrafiltration (UF) or sand filtration (SF) in the pretreatment stage of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) for the removal of DOM. In this study, we investigated the effect of pretreatment technologies on RO fouling caused by DOM in seawater, including the integration of coagulation and sand filtration (C-S pretreatment) and the integration of coagulation and ultrafiltration (C-U pretreatment). Both integrated pretreatments achieved comparable DOM removal rates (70.2% for C-U and 69.6% for C-S), and C-S exhibited enhanced removal of UV-absorbing compounds. Although C-U was more proficient in reducing the silt density index (below 2) compared to C-S (above 3) and improved the elimination of humic acid-like organics, it left a higher proportion of tyrosine-protein-like organics, soluble microbial by-product-like organics, and finer organics in the effluent, leading to the formation of a dense cake layer on RO membrane and a higher flux decline. Therefore, suitable technologies should be selected according to specific water conditions to efficiently mitigate RO membrane fouling.

在反渗透(RO)工艺之前去除海水中的溶解有机物(DOM)对于减轻反渗透膜的有机污垢至关重要。然而,在海水反渗透(SWRO)的预处理阶段,对混凝与超滤(UF)或砂滤(SF)相结合去除 DOM 的效果进行比较的研究仍不够深入。在这项研究中,我们研究了预处理技术对海水中 DOM 引起的反渗透污垢的影响,包括混凝与砂滤一体化(C-S 预处理)和混凝与超滤一体化(C-U 预处理)。两种综合预处理方法对 DOM 的去除率相当(C-U 为 70.2%,C-S 为 69.6%),而 C-S 对紫外线吸收化合物的去除率更高。虽然与 C-S 相比(高于 3),C-U 能更有效地降低淤泥密度指数(低于 2),并能更好地去除腐殖酸类有机物,但它在出水中留下了更多的酪氨酸蛋白类有机物、可溶性微生物副产物类有机物和更细的有机物,导致反渗透膜上形成致密的滤饼层,通量下降较多。因此,应根据具体水质条件选择合适的技术,以有效缓解反渗透膜污垢问题。
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引用次数: 0
Characterizing Macroporous Ion Exchange Membrane Adsorbers for Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Removal-Adsorption and Regeneration Behavior. 用于去除天然有机物 (NOM) 的大孔离子交换膜吸附器的特性--吸附和再生行为。
IF 3.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060124
Jon Wullenweber, Julia Bennert, Tomi Mantel, Mathias Ernst

Addressing the characterization of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) removal by functionalized membranes in water treatment, this study evaluates the effectiveness of two commercial ion-exchange membrane adsorbers: Sartobind® Q (with quaternary amines) and D (with tertiary amines). Using Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) as a surrogate, Langmuir adsorption isotherms revealed maximum capacities (Qmax) of 2966 ± 153 mg C/m2 and 2888 ± 112 mg C/m2, respectively. Variations in flux from 50 to 500 LMH had a minimal impact on breakthrough times, proving low diffusion limitations. The macroporous (3-5 µm) functionalized cellulose-based membranes exhibited high permeabilities of 10,800 L/(h m2 bar). Q maintained positive zeta potential vs. pH, while D's zeta potential decreased above pH 7 due to amine deprotonation and turning negative above an isoelectric point of 9.1. Regeneration with 0.01 M NaOH achieved over 95% DOC regeneration for Sartobind® D, characterizing reversibility through a pH-swing. Cyclic adsorption showed that Q maintained its capacity with over 99% DOC regeneration, while D required acidic conditioning after the first regeneration cycle to mitigate capacity reduction and re-deprotonate the adsorber. These results have demonstrated the potential suitability of adsorber membranes, designed originally for biotechnological purposes, for the possible removal of disinfection byproduct precursors in drinking water treatment.

针对功能化膜在水处理中去除天然有机物(NOM)的特性,本研究评估了两种商用离子交换膜吸附器的效果:Sartobind® Q(含季胺)和 D(含叔胺)。使用苏瓦尼河 NOM(SRNOM)作为替代物,Langmuir 吸附等温线显示最大吸附容量(Qmax)分别为 2966 ± 153 毫克 C/m2 和 2888 ± 112 毫克 C/m2。通量从 50 LMH 到 500 LMH 的变化对突破时间的影响微乎其微,证明扩散限制较低。大孔(3-5 µm)功能化纤维素基膜的渗透率高达 10,800 L/(h m2 bar)。Q 的 zeta 电位随 pH 值变化保持正值,而 D 的 zeta 电位在 pH 值 7 以上由于胺的去质子化而降低,在等电点 9.1 以上变为负值。用 0.01 M NaOH 进行再生可使 Sartobind® D 的 DOC 再生率达到 95% 以上,通过 pH 值的摆动表现出可逆性。循环吸附显示,Q 能保持 99% 以上的 DOC 再生能力,而 D 则需要在第一个再生循环后进行酸性调节,以减轻能力下降并使吸附器重新获得质子。这些结果表明,最初为生物技术目的而设计的吸附器膜可能适用于去除饮用水处理中的消毒副产物前体。
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引用次数: 0
Pure Hydrogen and Methane Permeation in Carbon-Based Nanoporous Membranes: Adsorption Isotherms and Permeation Experiments. 纯氢和甲烷在碳基纳米多孔膜中的渗透:吸附等温线和渗透实验。
IF 3.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060123
Matthis Kurth, Mudassar Javed, Thomas Schliermann, Georg Brösigke, Susanne Kämnitz, Suresh K Bhatia, Jens-Uwe Repke

This paper presents the results of adsorption and permeation experiments of hydrogen and methane at elevated temperatures on a carbon-based nanoporous membrane material provided by Fraunhofer IKTS. The adsorption of pure components was measured between 90 °C and 120°C and pressures up to 45 bar. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm shows the best fit for all data points. Compared to available adsorption isotherms of H2 and CH4 on carbon, the adsorption on the investigated nanoporous carbon structures is significantly lower. Single-component permeation experiments were conducted on membranes at temperatures up to 220 °C. After combining the experimental results with a Maxwell-Stefan surface diffusion model, Maxwell-Stefan surface diffusion coefficients Dis were calculated. The calculated values are in line with an empirical model and thus can be used in future multi-component modeling approaches in order to better analyze and design a membrane system. The published adsorption data fill a gap in the available adsorption data for CH4 and H2.

本文介绍了弗劳恩霍夫 IKTS 公司提供的碳基纳米多孔膜材料在高温条件下对氢气和甲烷的吸附和渗透实验结果。纯组分的吸附实验在 90°C 至 120°C 和高达 45 巴的压力下进行。朗缪尔吸附等温线对所有数据点的拟合效果最佳。与现有的 H2 和 CH4 在碳上的吸附等温线相比,所研究的纳米多孔碳结构的吸附量明显较低。在温度高达 220 °C 的膜上进行了单组分渗透实验。将实验结果与麦克斯韦-斯特凡表面扩散模型相结合后,计算出了麦克斯韦-斯特凡表面扩散系数 Dis。计算值符合经验模型,因此可用于未来的多组分建模方法,以便更好地分析和设计膜系统。已公布的吸附数据填补了现有 CH4 和 H2 吸附数据的空白。
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