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The Performance and Spatial Distribution of Membrane Fouling in a Sequencing Batch Ceramic Membrane Bioreactor: A Pilot Study for Swine Wastewater Treatment. 序批式陶瓷膜生物反应器中膜污垢的性能和空间分布:猪废水处理试验研究。
IF 3.3 4区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060142
Wenhui Yue, Yanlin Chen, Qianwen Sui, Libing Zheng, Tharindu Ritigala, Yuansong Wei

The extensive application of ceramic membranes in wastewater treatment draws increasing attention due to their ultra-long service life. A cost-effective treatment for high-strength swine wastewater is an urgent and current need that is a worldwide challenge. A pilot-scale sequencing batch flat-sheet ceramic membrane bioreactor (ScMBR) coupled with a short-cut biological nitrogen removal (SBNR) process was developed to treat high-strength swine wastewater. The ScMBR achieved stable and excellent removal of COD (95.3%), NH4+-N (98.3%), and TN (92.7%), though temperature went down from 20 °C, to 15 °C, to 10 °C stepwise along three operational phases. The COD and NH4+-N concentrations in the effluent met with the discharge standards (GB18596-2001). Microbial community diversity was high, and the genera Pseudomonas and Comamonas were dominant in denitritation, and Nitrosomonas was dominant in nitritation. Ceramic membrane modules of this pilot-scale reactor were separated into six layers (A, B, C, D, E, F) from top to bottom. The total filtration resistance of both the top and bottom membrane modules was relatively low, and the resistance of the middle ones was high. These results indicate that the spatial distribution of the membrane fouling degree was different, related to different aeration scour intensities demonstrated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results prove that the membrane fouling mechanism can be attributed to the cake layer formation of the middle modules and pore blocking of the top and bottom modules, which mainly consist of protein and carbohydrates. Therefore, different cleaning measures should be adopted for membrane modules in different positions. In this study, the efficient treatment of swine wastewater shows that the ScMBR system could be applied to high-strength wastewater. Furthermore, the spatial distribution characteristics of membrane fouling contribute to cleaning strategy formulation for further full-scale MBR applications.

陶瓷膜的超长使用寿命使其在废水处理中的广泛应用日益受到关注。对高强度猪废水进行经济有效的处理是当前的迫切需求,也是一项世界性挑战。我们开发了一种中试规模的序批式平板陶瓷膜生物反应器(ScMBR),并将其与短程生物脱氮(SBNR)工艺相结合,用于处理高强度猪废水。尽管温度在三个运行阶段从 20 °C、15 °C、10 °C逐级下降,但 ScMBR 对 COD(95.3%)、NH4+-N(98.3%)和 TN(92.7%)的去除率稳定且出色。出水的 COD 和 NH4+-N 浓度符合排放标准(GB18596-2001)。微生物群落多样性较高,假单胞菌属和科莫纳菌属在脱硝过程中占优势,亚硝基单胞菌属在亚硝化过程中占优势。该中试规模反应器的陶瓷膜组件从上到下分为六层(A、B、C、D、E、F)。顶部和底部膜组件的总过滤阻力相对较低,而中间膜组件的阻力较高。这些结果表明,膜污垢程度的空间分布是不同的,这与计算流体动力学(CFD)显示的不同曝气冲刷强度有关。结果证明,膜堵塞的机理可归结为中间组件的滤饼层形成和顶部和底部组件的孔隙堵塞,主要由蛋白质和碳水化合物组成。因此,应针对不同位置的膜组件采取不同的清洗措施。本研究对猪场废水的高效处理表明,ScMBR 系统可用于处理高强度废水。此外,膜污垢的空间分布特征有助于为进一步的大规模 MBR 应用制定清洁策略。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Membrane Condenser Process with PTFE Hollow Fiber Membrane 利用聚四氟乙烯中空纤维膜优化膜冷凝器工艺
IF 4.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060141
Yue Zhou, Susu Long, Zhaohui Wang, Enrico Drioli, Feng Zhang, Zhaoliang Cui
A membrane condenser (MC) is a novel membrane separation technology that utilizes the hydrophobic nature of porous membranes to capture water vapor from humid gas. Factors such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, and gas composition entering the membrane condenser play a crucial role in water recovery efficiency. This study utilized hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow fiber membranes to create multiple identical membrane modules. This research investigated the impact of temperature, flow rate, pressure on the intake side, gas flow on the cooling side, membrane area, and other variables on the performance of the membrane condenser process. This study compared water extraction efficiency under different conditions, focusing on feed flow temperature and sweeping flow. Results showed that at a temperature of 60 °C, the water recovery rate was 24.7%, while a sweep gas flow rate of 4 L/min resulted in a recovery rate of 22.7%. The efficiency of the membrane condenser decreased with higher feed flow rates but increased with larger membrane areas. A proportional relationship between inlet flow and membrane area was observed, suggesting an optimal range of 0.51–0.67 cm/s for both parameters. These findings offer valuable insights for the practical implementation of hydrophobic membrane-based membrane condenser technology.
膜冷凝器(MC)是一种新型的膜分离技术,它利用多孔膜的疏水性从潮湿气体中捕捉水蒸气。进入膜冷凝器的温度、压力、流速和气体成分等因素对水回收效率起着至关重要的作用。本研究利用疏水性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)中空纤维膜来创建多个相同的膜模块。这项研究调查了温度、流速、进水侧压力、冷却侧气体流量、膜面积和其他变量对膜冷凝器工艺性能的影响。这项研究比较了不同条件下的水提取效率,重点是进料流温度和扫流。结果显示,在温度为 60 °C 时,水回收率为 24.7%,而扫气流速为 4 升/分钟时,回收率为 22.7%。膜冷凝器的效率随着进料流速的提高而降低,但随着膜面积的增大而提高。观察到入口流量和膜面积之间的比例关系,表明这两个参数的最佳范围为 0.51-0.67 厘米/秒。这些发现为基于疏水膜的膜冷凝器技术的实际应用提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Network Derivation of Liquid Junction Potentials in Single-Membrane System 单膜系统中液体交界电位的网络推导
IF 4.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-13 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060140
Andrzej Ślęzak, S. Grzegorczyn
Peusner’s network thermodynamics (PNT) is one of the more important formalisms of nonequilibrium thermodynamics used to describe membrane transport and the conversion of the internal energy of the system into energy dissipated in the environment and free energy used for the work involved in the transport of solution components in membrane processes. A procedure of transformation the Kedem–Katchalsky (K-K) equations for the transport of binary electrolytic solutions through a membrane to the Kedem–Katchalsky–Peusner (K-K-P) equations based on the PNT formalism for liquid junction potentials was developed. The subject of the study was a membrane used for hemodialysis (Ultra Flo 145 Dialyser) and aqueous NaCl solutions. The research method was the L version of the K-K-P formalism for binary electrolyte solutions. The Peusner coefficients obtained from the transformations of the K-K formalism coefficients for the transport of electrolyte solutions through the artificial polymer membrane were used to calculate the coupling coefficients of the membrane processes and to calculate the dissipative energy flux. In addition, the dissipative energy flux, as a function of thermodynamic forces, made it possible to investigate the energy conversion of transport processes in the membrane system.
皮乌斯纳网络热力学(PNT)是非平衡热力学中较为重要的形式之一,用于描述膜传输以及将系统内能转换为环境耗散能和用于膜过程中溶液成分传输功的自由能。根据液体交界处电位的 PNT 形式,开发了将二元电解溶液通过膜传输的 Kedem-Katchalsky (K-K) 方程转换为 Kedem-Katchalsky-Peusner (K-K-P) 方程的程序。研究对象是用于血液透析(Ultra Flo 145 Dialyser)和氯化钠水溶液的膜。研究方法是二元电解质溶液 K-K-P 形式主义的 L 版本。根据电解质溶液通过人工聚合物膜传输的 K-K 形式系数变换得到的 Peusner 系数,用于计算膜过程的耦合系数和耗散能量通量。此外,耗散能量通量作为热动力的函数,使得研究膜系统中传输过程的能量转换成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
Dehydration of Organic Solvents from Ternary Mixtures Containing Toluene/Methanol/Water by Pervaporation 通过渗透蒸发从含甲苯/甲醇/水的三元混合物中脱除有机溶剂
IF 4.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060139
Ying Qiao, Shichang Xu, Yixuan Wu, Long Zhang, Lixin Xie
The separation of a toluene/methanol/water ternary mixture is a difficult task due to the toluene/water and toluene/methanol azeotropes. In this article, low-energy pervaporation is proposed for the separation of the ternary azeotrope toluene–methanol–water. This work investigates the effects of feed temperature, feed flow rate, and vacuum on pervaporation and compares the energy consumption of pervaporation with that of distillation. The results showed that at the optimized flow rate of 50 L/h and a permeate side vacuum of 60 kPa at 50 °C, the water and methanol content in the permeate was about 63.2 wt.% and 36.8 wt.%, respectively, the water/ methanol separation factor was 24.04, the permeate flux was 510.7 g/m2·h, the water content in the feed out was reduced from 2.5 wt.% to less than 0.66 wt.%, and the dehydration of toluene methanol could be realized. Without taking into account the energy consumption of pumps and other power equipment, pervaporation requires an energy consumption of 43.53 kW·h to treat 1 ton of raw material, while the energy consumption of distillation to treat 1 ton of raw material is about 261.5 kW·h. Compared to the existing distillation process, the pervaporation process consumes much less energy (about one-sixth of the energy consumption of distillation). There is almost no effect on the surface morphology and chemical composition of the membrane before and after use. The method provides an effective reference for the dehydration of organic solvents from ternary mixtures containing toluene/methanol/water.
由于甲苯/水和甲苯/甲醇共沸物的存在,甲苯/甲醇/水三元混合物的分离是一项艰巨的任务。本文提出了一种低能气相蒸发法来分离甲苯-甲醇-水三元共沸物。这项工作研究了进料温度、进料流速和真空度对蒸发的影响,并比较了蒸发与蒸馏的能耗。结果表明,在 50 ℃ 条件下,优化流速为 50 L/h,渗透侧真空度为 60 kPa 时,渗透液中的水和甲醇含量分别约为 63.2 wt.%和 36.8 wt.%,水/甲醇分离系数为 24.04,渗透通量为 510.7 g/m2-h,出料中的水含量从 2.5 wt.%降至 0.66 wt.%以下,并实现了甲苯甲醇的脱水。在不考虑泵和其他动力设备能耗的情况下,蒸发处理 1 吨原料的能耗为 43.53 kW-h,而蒸馏处理 1 吨原料的能耗约为 261.5 kW-h。与现有的蒸馏工艺相比,蒸发工艺的能耗要低得多(约为蒸馏能耗的六分之一)。使用前后对膜的表面形态和化学成分几乎没有影响。该方法为从含甲苯/甲醇/水的三元混合物中脱水有机溶剂提供了有效的参考。
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引用次数: 0
Novel Crosslinked Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Thermally Cured Epoxy Resin: Synthesis, Structure and Mechanical and Ion Transport Properties 基于热固化环氧树脂的新型交联阴离子交换膜:合成、结构、机械和离子传输特性
IF 4.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060138
D. Golubenko, F. Ahmed, Nidal Hilal
Limitations in existing anion exchange membranes deter their use in the efficient treatment of industrial wastewater effluent. This work presents an approach to fabricating novel anion-conducting membranes using epoxy resin monomers like hydrophobic or hydrophilic diglycidyl ether and quaternized polyethyleneimine (PEI). Manipulating the diglycidyl ether nature, the quantitative composition of the copolymer and the conditions of quaternization allows control of the physicochemical properties of the membranes, including water uptake (20.0–330%), ion exchange capacity (1.5–3.7 mmol/g), ionic conductivity (0.2–17 mS/cm in the Cl form at 20 °C), potentiostatic transport numbers (75–97%), as well as mechanical properties. A relationship was established between copolymer structure and conductivity/selectivity trade-off. The higher the quaternized polyethyleneimine, diluent fraction, and hydrophilicity of diglycidyl ether, the higher the conductivity and the lower the permselectivity. Hydrophobic diglycidyl ether gives a much better conductivity/selectivity ratio since it provides a lower degree of hydration than hydrophilic diglycidyl ether. Different mesh and non-woven reinforcing materials were also examined. The developed membranes demonstrate good stability in both neutral and acidic environments, and their benchmark characteristics in laboratory electrodialysis cells and batch-mode dialysis experiments are similar to or superior to, commercial membranes such as Neosepta© AMX, FujiFilm© Type1, and Fumasep FAD-PET.
现有阴离子交换膜的局限性阻碍了其在高效处理工业废水方面的应用。本研究提出了一种利用环氧树脂单体(如疏水性或亲水性二缩水甘油醚和季铵化聚乙烯亚胺(PEI))制造新型阴离子传导膜的方法。通过控制二缩水甘油醚的性质、共聚物的定量组成和季铵化条件,可以控制膜的理化性质,包括吸水率(20.0%-330%)、离子交换容量(1.5-3.7 mmol/g)、离子导电率(20 °C时,Cl形式的离子导电率为0.2-17 mS/cm)、静电迁移率(75-97%)以及机械性质。共聚物结构与电导率/选择性权衡之间的关系已经确定。季铵化聚乙烯亚胺、稀释剂组分和二缩水甘油醚亲水性越高,导电率越高,选择性越低。疏水性二缩水甘油醚的水合程度比亲水性二缩水甘油醚低,因此其导电率/选择性比要好得多。此外,还研究了不同的网状和无纺布增强材料。所开发的膜在中性和酸性环境中均表现出良好的稳定性,其在实验室电渗析池和批量透析实验中的基准特性与 Neosepta© AMX、FujiFilm© Type1 和 Fumasep FAD-PET 等商用膜相似或更优。
{"title":"Novel Crosslinked Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Thermally Cured Epoxy Resin: Synthesis, Structure and Mechanical and Ion Transport Properties","authors":"D. Golubenko, F. Ahmed, Nidal Hilal","doi":"10.3390/membranes14060138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14060138","url":null,"abstract":"Limitations in existing anion exchange membranes deter their use in the efficient treatment of industrial wastewater effluent. This work presents an approach to fabricating novel anion-conducting membranes using epoxy resin monomers like hydrophobic or hydrophilic diglycidyl ether and quaternized polyethyleneimine (PEI). Manipulating the diglycidyl ether nature, the quantitative composition of the copolymer and the conditions of quaternization allows control of the physicochemical properties of the membranes, including water uptake (20.0–330%), ion exchange capacity (1.5–3.7 mmol/g), ionic conductivity (0.2–17 mS/cm in the Cl form at 20 °C), potentiostatic transport numbers (75–97%), as well as mechanical properties. A relationship was established between copolymer structure and conductivity/selectivity trade-off. The higher the quaternized polyethyleneimine, diluent fraction, and hydrophilicity of diglycidyl ether, the higher the conductivity and the lower the permselectivity. Hydrophobic diglycidyl ether gives a much better conductivity/selectivity ratio since it provides a lower degree of hydration than hydrophilic diglycidyl ether. Different mesh and non-woven reinforcing materials were also examined. The developed membranes demonstrate good stability in both neutral and acidic environments, and their benchmark characteristics in laboratory electrodialysis cells and batch-mode dialysis experiments are similar to or superior to, commercial membranes such as Neosepta© AMX, FujiFilm© Type1, and Fumasep FAD-PET.","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterizing Cellular Physiological States with Three-Dimensional Shape Descriptors for Cell Membranes 用细胞膜的三维形状描述符描述细胞生理状态
IF 4.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060137
Guoye Guan, Yixuan Chen, Hongli Wang, Ouyang Qi, Chao Tang
The shape of a cell as defined by its membrane can be closely associated with its physiological state. For example, the irregular shapes of cancerous cells and elongated shapes of neuron cells often reflect specific functions, such as cell motility and cell communication. However, it remains unclear whether and which cell shape descriptors can characterize different cellular physiological states. In this study, 12 geometric shape descriptors for a three-dimensional (3D) object were collected from the previous literature and tested with a public dataset of ~400,000 independent 3D cell regions segmented based on fluorescent labeling of the cell membranes in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. It is revealed that those shape descriptors can faithfully characterize cellular physiological states, including (1) cell division (cytokinesis), along with an abrupt increase in the elongation ratio; (2) a negative correlation of cell migration speed with cell sphericity; (3) cell lineage specification with symmetrically patterned cell shape changes; and (4) cell fate specification with differential gene expression and differential cell shapes. The descriptors established may be used to identify and predict the diverse physiological states in numerous cells, which could be used for not only studying developmental morphogenesis but also diagnosing human disease (e.g., the rapid detection of abnormal cells).
细胞膜所定义的细胞形状与其生理状态密切相关。例如,癌细胞的不规则形状和神经元细胞的拉长形状通常反映了细胞运动和细胞通讯等特定功能。然而,细胞形状描述符是否能表征不同的细胞生理状态,以及哪些细胞形状描述符能表征不同的细胞生理状态,目前仍不清楚。本研究从以往文献中收集了三维(3D)对象的 12 个几何形状描述符,并使用基于对秀丽隐杆线虫胚胎细胞膜的荧光标记分割的约 40 万个独立三维细胞区域的公开数据集进行了测试。结果表明,这些形状描述符能忠实地描述细胞的生理状态,包括:(1) 细胞分裂(细胞分裂)以及伸长率的突然增加;(2) 细胞迁移速度与细胞球形度的负相关;(3) 细胞系规格与对称模式的细胞形状变化;以及 (4) 细胞命运规格与不同的基因表达和不同的细胞形状。所建立的描述符可用于识别和预测众多细胞的不同生理状态,不仅可用于研究发育形态发生,还可用于诊断人类疾病(如快速检测异常细胞)。
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引用次数: 0
Valorisation of Tannery Waste to Recover Chromium with a View to Reusing It in Industrial Practise 从制革废料中回收铬,使其在工业实践中得到再利用
IF 4.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060136
A. Kowalik-Klimczak, Monika Łożyńska, Maciej Życki, Christian Schadewell, Thomas Fiehn, Bogusław Woźniak, Monika Flisek
This paper presents the basic assumptions of the concept of a new technology for the valorisation of chromium tannery waste. It assumes the use of an integrated system of the thermal pressure hydrolysis process and membrane filtration techniques for the recovery of chromium compounds and the use of a separated organic matter during anaerobic fermentation. According to the assumptions of the developed technological concept, at the first stage, the crushed mixture of chromium tannery waste is decomposed in the process of thermal pressure hydrolysis using appropriate process conditions in an alkaline environment. Then, the liquid product of this process (the so-called hydrolysate) is processed using centrifugal force separation and ultrafiltration. Such activities enable the recovery of chromium compounds for rawhide currying and concentration of organic matter (fats, proteins) with energy potential. Research carried out under conditions similar to real operating conditions proved that chromium compounds recovered from waste can be successfully used in the processing of cowhides intended for the production of footwear. The industrial implementation of the developed technology for valorising chromium tannery waste would enable the transition from a linear to a circular economy.
本文介绍了铬制革废料变废为宝新技术概念的基本假设。它假定使用热压水解工艺和膜过滤技术的综合系统来回收铬化合物,并在厌氧发酵过程中使用分离出来的有机物。根据所开发技术概念的假设,在第一阶段,铬制革废料的破碎混合物在碱性环境中利用适当的工艺条件在热压水解过程中进行分解。然后,利用离心力分离和超滤技术对这一过程的液体产品(即所谓的水解物)进行处理。通过这些活动,可以回收铬化合物用于生皮凝固,并浓缩具有能源潜力的有机物质(脂肪、蛋白质)。在与实际操作条件相似的条件下进行的研究证明,从废料中回收的铬化合物可以成功地用于加工用于生产鞋类的牛皮。在工业上实施所开发的铬制革废料增值技术,可实现从线性经济向循环经济的过渡。
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引用次数: 0
Using the Assembly Time as a Tool to Control the Surface Morphology and Separation Performance of Membranes with a Tannic Acid–Fe3+ Selective Layer 以组装时间为工具控制带有单宁酸-Fe3+ 选择性层的薄膜的表面形态和分离性能
IF 4.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060133
Hluf Hailu Kinfu, M. Rahman, Erik S. Schneider, Nicolás Cevallos-Cueva, Volker Abetz
Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes containing a metal–polyphenol network (MPN)-based selective layer were fabricated on a porous polyacrylonitrile support. The MPN layer was formed through coordination-based self-assembly between plant-based tannic acid (TA) and an Fe3+ ion. For the first time, we demonstrate that TFC membranes containing TA-Fe3+ selective layers can separate small organic solutes in aqueous media from equimolar mixtures of solutes. The effect of the assembly time on the characteristics and performance of the fabricated selective layer was investigated. An increase in the assembly time led to the formation of selective layers with smaller effective pore sizes. The tannic acid–Fe3+ selective layer exhibited a low rejection towards neutral solutes riboflavin and poly(ethylene glycol) while high rejections were observed for anionic dyes of orange II and naphthol green B. Permeation selectivities in the range of 2–27 were achieved between neutral and charged dyes in both single- and mixed-solute experiments, indicating the significant role of Donnan exclusion and the charge-selective nature of the membranes. The rejection efficiency improved with an increasing assembly time. Overall, this study demonstrates that the assembly time is a vital casting parameter for controlling the permeance, rejection and selectivity of thin-film composite membranes with a tannic acid–Fe3+ selective layer.
在多孔聚丙烯腈支架上制造了含有基于金属-多酚网络(MPN)选择层的薄膜复合(TFC)膜。MPN 层是通过植物单宁酸(TA)和 Fe3+ 离子之间的配位自组装形成的。我们首次证明,含有 TA-Fe3+ 选择层的 TFC 膜可以从等摩尔溶质混合物中分离出水介质中的小分子有机溶质。我们研究了组装时间对制造的选择性层的特性和性能的影响。组装时间的增加导致形成的选择层有效孔径变小。单宁酸-Fe3+ 选择性层对中性溶质核黄素和聚乙二醇的排斥率较低,而对阴离子染料橙 II 和萘酚绿 B 的排斥率较高。随着组装时间的增加,排斥效率也有所提高。总之,这项研究表明,组装时间是控制带有单宁酸-Fe3+ 选择性层的薄膜复合膜的渗透性、排斥性和选择性的一个重要铸造参数。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient Isolation of Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) Secreted by Gram-Negative Bacteria via a Novel Gradient Filtration Method 通过新型梯度过滤法高效分离革兰氏阴性细菌分泌的外膜囊泡 (OMV)
IF 4.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060135
Ning Li, Minghui Wu, Lu Wang, Mengyu Tang, Hongbo Xin, Keyu Deng
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) secreted by Gram-negative bacteria are referred to as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) because they originate in the outer membrane. OMVs are membrane-coated vesicles 20–250 nm in size. They contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and other substances derived from their parent bacteria and participate in the transmission of information to host cells. OMVs have broad prospects in terms of potential application in the fields of adjuvants, vaccines, and drug delivery vehicles. Currently, there remains a lack of efficient and convenient methods to isolate OMVs, which greatly limits OMV-related research. In this study, we developed a fast, convenient, and low-cost gradient filtration method to separate OMVs that can achieve industrial-scale production while maintaining the biological activity of the isolated OMVs. We compared the gradient filtration method with traditional ultracentrifugation to isolate OMVs from probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) bacteria. Then, we used RAW264.7 macrophages as an in vitro model to study the influence on the immune function of EcN-derived OMVs obtained through the gradient filtration method. Our results indicated that EcN-derived OMVs were efficiently isolated using our gradient filtration method. The level of OMV enrichment obtained via our gradient filtration method was about twice as efficient as that achieved through traditional ultracentrifugation. The EcN-derived OMVs enriched through the gradient filtration method were successfully taken up by RAW264.7 macrophages and induced them to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukins (ILs) 6 and 1β, as well as anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, EcN-derived OMVs induced more anti-inflammatory response (i.e., IL-10) than pro-inflammatory response (i.e., TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). These results were consistent with those reported in the literature. The related literature reported that EcN-derived OMVs obtained through ultracentrifugation could induce stronger anti-inflammatory responses than pro-inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages. Our simple and novel separation method may therefore have promising prospects in terms of applications involving the study of OMVs.
革兰氏阴性细菌分泌的细菌胞外囊泡(bEVs)被称为外膜囊泡(OMVs),因为它们源自外膜。外膜囊泡是一种膜包囊泡,大小为 20-250 纳米。它们含有脂多糖(LPS)、肽聚糖、蛋白质、脂类、核酸和来自母菌的其他物质,参与向宿主细胞传递信息。OMV 在佐剂、疫苗和药物输送载体等领域具有广阔的潜在应用前景。目前,仍然缺乏高效便捷的方法来分离 OMV,这极大地限制了与 OMV 相关的研究。在本研究中,我们开发了一种快速、方便、低成本的梯度过滤法来分离 OMVs,这种方法既能实现工业化生产,又能保持分离出的 OMVs 的生物活性。我们比较了梯度过滤法和传统的超速离心法,从益生菌大肠杆菌 Nissle 1917(EcN)中分离出 OMVs。然后,我们以 RAW264.7 巨噬细胞为体外模型,研究了梯度过滤法获得的源于 EcN 的 OMVs 对免疫功能的影响。结果表明,我们的梯度过滤法能有效地分离EcN衍生的OMV。梯度过滤法富集 OMV 的效率约为传统超速离心法的两倍。通过梯度过滤法富集的EcN衍生OMV成功地被RAW264.7巨噬细胞吸收,并诱导它们分泌促炎细胞因子,如肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)6和1β,以及抗炎细胞因子IL-10。此外,EcN衍生的OMV诱导的抗炎反应(即IL-10)多于促炎反应(即TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β)。这些结果与文献报道一致。相关文献报道,在 RAW264.7 巨噬细胞中,通过超速离心获得的 EcN 衍生 OMV 可诱导更强的抗炎反应,而不是促炎反应。因此,我们简单而新颖的分离方法在涉及 OMVs 研究的应用方面具有广阔的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Sub-Ambient Temperature on Aging Rate and Gas Separation Properties of Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity 亚环境温度对固有微孔聚合物老化率和气体分离特性的影响
IF 4.2 4区 工程技术 Q2 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14060132
Pierre Dieudonné, Riccardo Rea, Elsa Lasseuguette, M. Ferrari
Aging in polymers of intrinsic microporosity has slowed exploitation due to a decay in performance over time since densification makes them unsuitable for industrial applications. This work aimed to study the impact of the operation and storage temperature on the gas separation properties and aging rates of PIM-1 self-standing films. The permeability, diffusivity, and solubility of the tested membranes were monitored through permeation tests for pure carbon dioxide and nitrogen at a maximum upstream pressure of 1.3 bar for temperatures ranging from −20 °C to 25 °C. This study found significant benefits in the operation of glassy polymeric membranes at low temperatures, resulting in a favourable trade-off in separation performance and a reduction in the aging rate by three orders of magnitude. This brings new opportunities for the industrial application of PIMs in innovative carbon capture processes.
具有固有微孔的聚合物在老化过程中会随着时间的推移出现性能衰减,导致其不适合工业应用。这项工作旨在研究操作和储存温度对 PIM-1 自立薄膜的气体分离性能和老化率的影响。在最大上游压力为 1.3 巴、温度为 -20 °C 至 25 °C 的条件下,通过对纯二氧化碳和氮气的渗透测试,监测了测试膜的渗透性、扩散性和溶解性。这项研究发现,玻璃聚合物膜在低温条件下的运行具有显著优势,从而在分离性能方面实现了有利的权衡,并将老化率降低了三个数量级。这为 PIMs 在创新碳捕获工艺中的工业应用带来了新的机遇。
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Membranes
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