Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.1177/01634437221147631
H. Ford, M. Richardson
Civilian victims of aerial warfare too often go uncounted and unrecognised by the belligerents. Myriad images and video of attacks against Syrian civilians did little to end their suffering, for example. The UK-based not-for-profit Airwars has had tangible impact on civilian harm disclosures and reparations because they have been able to shape such representations in a form that will be recognised by those with the power to enact change. Building on established theories of media witnessing and their extension to what Gray calls ‘data witnessing’, we argue that Airwars reveals the operative role of framing in open-source investigation and the forms of it witnessing it produces. Through interviews with key team members and detailed analysis of Airwars published methodology and other materials, this article shows how open-source investigations broadens the frame for witnessing civilian harm and in doing so generates relational, multi-scalar accounts of state violence that remain open to contestation and confirmation. In doing so, Airwars claims an epistemic authority via its distinctive framing of emergent practices of witnessing that depend upon the assembling of roles, standards, spatialities and techniques.
{"title":"Framing data witnessing: Airwars and the production of authority in conflict monitoring","authors":"H. Ford, M. Richardson","doi":"10.1177/01634437221147631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437221147631","url":null,"abstract":"Civilian victims of aerial warfare too often go uncounted and unrecognised by the belligerents. Myriad images and video of attacks against Syrian civilians did little to end their suffering, for example. The UK-based not-for-profit Airwars has had tangible impact on civilian harm disclosures and reparations because they have been able to shape such representations in a form that will be recognised by those with the power to enact change. Building on established theories of media witnessing and their extension to what Gray calls ‘data witnessing’, we argue that Airwars reveals the operative role of framing in open-source investigation and the forms of it witnessing it produces. Through interviews with key team members and detailed analysis of Airwars published methodology and other materials, this article shows how open-source investigations broadens the frame for witnessing civilian harm and in doing so generates relational, multi-scalar accounts of state violence that remain open to contestation and confirmation. In doing so, Airwars claims an epistemic authority via its distinctive framing of emergent practices of witnessing that depend upon the assembling of roles, standards, spatialities and techniques.","PeriodicalId":18417,"journal":{"name":"Media, Culture & Society","volume":"256 1","pages":"805 - 821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74534980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1177/01634437221116076
{"title":"CORRIGENDUM to “The criminal trial as a live event: Exploring how and why live blogs change the professional practices of judges, defence lawyers and prosecutors”","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01634437221116076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437221116076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18417,"journal":{"name":"Media, Culture & Society","volume":"94 1","pages":"447 - 447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77970105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.1177/01634437231155340
Khalid Ezat Azam
The Pan-European Game Information (PEGI) age rating system was established as a self-regulatory system in 2003 and has been touted as a success story of modern European media regulation. Today PEGI provides video game age ratings for nearly 40 European countries on a vast array of digital platforms. Now, almost two decades after the introduction of PEGI, little is known about how the self-regulation of video games has been received by the end-user, and how the evolving landscape of digital media platforms has affected this reception. The current study draws on qualitative interview data from families in Norway to investigate perceptions and applications of video game age ratings, emphasizing regulatory challenges. The study finds that while families use video game age ratings actively as a part of their investigative practices, there is a severe lack of knowledge about media regulation and a strong sense of Americanization. The study also indicates that families view media age ratings homogeneously without much attention paid to variations in-between different rating systems. I conclude that research on media regulation needs to move beyond a theoretical and legislative vacuum devoid of the end-user’s reality to better enable public knowledge and scrutiny of media regulation.
泛欧游戏信息(Pan-European Game Information，简称PEGI)年龄分级系统是2003年建立的一种自我监管系统，被誉为现代欧洲媒体监管的成功案例。如今，PEGI在众多数字平台上为近40个欧洲国家提供电子游戏年龄分级服务。现在，在PEGI引入近20年后，我们对电子游戏的自我监管是如何被终端用户接受的，以及数字媒体平台的发展是如何影响这种接受的知之甚少。目前的研究利用挪威家庭的定性访谈数据来调查电子游戏年龄分级的观念和应用，强调监管方面的挑战。研究发现，虽然家庭积极使用视频游戏年龄分级作为他们调查实践的一部分，但他们严重缺乏对媒体监管的了解，并且有强烈的美国化意识。该研究还表明，家庭对媒体年龄评级的看法是一致的，而没有过多关注不同评级系统之间的差异。我的结论是，对媒体监管的研究需要超越缺乏最终用户现实的理论和立法真空，以便更好地使公众了解和审查媒体监管。
{"title":"“That’s PEGI, the American system!”: Perceptions of video game age ratings among families in Norway","authors":"Khalid Ezat Azam","doi":"10.1177/01634437231155340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437231155340","url":null,"abstract":"The Pan-European Game Information (PEGI) age rating system was established as a self-regulatory system in 2003 and has been touted as a success story of modern European media regulation. Today PEGI provides video game age ratings for nearly 40 European countries on a vast array of digital platforms. Now, almost two decades after the introduction of PEGI, little is known about how the self-regulation of video games has been received by the end-user, and how the evolving landscape of digital media platforms has affected this reception. The current study draws on qualitative interview data from families in Norway to investigate perceptions and applications of video game age ratings, emphasizing regulatory challenges. The study finds that while families use video game age ratings actively as a part of their investigative practices, there is a severe lack of knowledge about media regulation and a strong sense of Americanization. The study also indicates that families view media age ratings homogeneously without much attention paid to variations in-between different rating systems. I conclude that research on media regulation needs to move beyond a theoretical and legislative vacuum devoid of the end-user’s reality to better enable public knowledge and scrutiny of media regulation.","PeriodicalId":18417,"journal":{"name":"Media, Culture & Society","volume":"27 1","pages":"1156 - 1174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82838785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-25DOI: 10.1177/01634437231155345
S. Just, Kai Storm, Sandra-Louise Bukuru
Digital capitalism troubles classical notions of contextual singularity and agential unity and destabilises delineations of online and offline realities. Following Floridi, this paper applies the concept of ‘onlife’ for the ‘new experience of a hypermediated reality’, and we contribute to the understanding of this experience by highlighting the socioeconomic entanglements of users’ self-expression and technological corporations’ profiteering. We introduce the notion of onlife intersectionalities, where intersectionalities are understood as the enactment of identities at the crossroad of gender, race, sexuality, class, etc., and add the dimension of commercial interest to better conceptualise dynamics of empowerment and exploitation. Thus, we suggest that onlife intersectionalities are enacted in and as flows of playbour that produce surplus value through playful activity. Seeking empirical substance for these conceptual relations, we turn to the case of women in online gaming. Focusing on three individual women gamers’ onlife trajectories and flows of playbour, we show how these interact differently for each gamer, leading to more play with higher rewards for some and more labour with less compensation for others. With this analysis, we illustrate the exploitation-cum-empowerment of human subjects under digital capitalism.
{"title":"Onlife intersectionalities as flows of playbour: The case of women in gaming","authors":"S. Just, Kai Storm, Sandra-Louise Bukuru","doi":"10.1177/01634437231155345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437231155345","url":null,"abstract":"Digital capitalism troubles classical notions of contextual singularity and agential unity and destabilises delineations of online and offline realities. Following Floridi, this paper applies the concept of ‘onlife’ for the ‘new experience of a hypermediated reality’, and we contribute to the understanding of this experience by highlighting the socioeconomic entanglements of users’ self-expression and technological corporations’ profiteering. We introduce the notion of onlife intersectionalities, where intersectionalities are understood as the enactment of identities at the crossroad of gender, race, sexuality, class, etc., and add the dimension of commercial interest to better conceptualise dynamics of empowerment and exploitation. Thus, we suggest that onlife intersectionalities are enacted in and as flows of playbour that produce surplus value through playful activity. Seeking empirical substance for these conceptual relations, we turn to the case of women in online gaming. Focusing on three individual women gamers’ onlife trajectories and flows of playbour, we show how these interact differently for each gamer, leading to more play with higher rewards for some and more labour with less compensation for others. With this analysis, we illustrate the exploitation-cum-empowerment of human subjects under digital capitalism.","PeriodicalId":18417,"journal":{"name":"Media, Culture & Society","volume":"32 1","pages":"899 - 915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89985538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-25DOI: 10.1177/01634437231155795
Ruheela Hassan
Kashmir, the northernmost valley of Indian territory, is an acknowledged conflict area reeling under continuous violence for the past three decades. It is more in focus due to militancy, civil unrest, and human rights violations that have created difficult situations for the women of the Kashmir valley. They are usually portrayed as submissive and bound to conservative roles. While on one hand, their security of life and dignity is of prime concern, their education and professional development often take a backseat. Despite several odds and unstable circumstances, these women are striving hard to emerge as strong personalities. As Journalism empowers the masses with information and builds public opinion, it is crucial to have female contributions in this profession as their perspectives can’t be presented by men. Media in Kashmir provided women a platform to express themselves and help them prove their identities and move beyond victimhood discourse. This paper is an attempt to understand how journalism has emerged as a career choice for women from Kashmir and also aims to document their roles in breaking the traditional stereotypes by moving beyond the conflict and registering their identities as media professionals.
{"title":"Journalism as profession helping women in conflict to move beyond victimhood discourse: A case study of Kashmir","authors":"Ruheela Hassan","doi":"10.1177/01634437231155795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437231155795","url":null,"abstract":"Kashmir, the northernmost valley of Indian territory, is an acknowledged conflict area reeling under continuous violence for the past three decades. It is more in focus due to militancy, civil unrest, and human rights violations that have created difficult situations for the women of the Kashmir valley. They are usually portrayed as submissive and bound to conservative roles. While on one hand, their security of life and dignity is of prime concern, their education and professional development often take a backseat. Despite several odds and unstable circumstances, these women are striving hard to emerge as strong personalities. As Journalism empowers the masses with information and builds public opinion, it is crucial to have female contributions in this profession as their perspectives can’t be presented by men. Media in Kashmir provided women a platform to express themselves and help them prove their identities and move beyond victimhood discourse. This paper is an attempt to understand how journalism has emerged as a career choice for women from Kashmir and also aims to document their roles in breaking the traditional stereotypes by moving beyond the conflict and registering their identities as media professionals.","PeriodicalId":18417,"journal":{"name":"Media, Culture & Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"1075 - 1086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76634180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1177/01634437231154759
Lungani Hlongwa, Fernan Talamayan
While the growing influence of digital platforms on social life is now widely recognized, scholars continue to grapple with the operation of digital platforms and their mediation of social life. This article examines some of Facebook’s operational logics to shed light on the company’s social imaginary. Our argument is that Facebook imagines a sociality that can be broken down to machine-readable signals which can also be patented for capital accumulation. This argument is based on a critical analysis of Facebook patents that revealed key operational logics underpinning the platform, namely: data extraction, user surveillance, profiling, ranking, and preemption. Through critical patent analysis, we unveil not only the platform’s configuration but also its creators’ orchestration of human actions and interactions. At a time when companies are more inclined to protect their innovations through patents, perhaps now more than ever, is an opportune moment to examine what their inventions make possible.
{"title":"Patenting sociality: Uncovering the operational logics of Facebook through critical patent analysis","authors":"Lungani Hlongwa, Fernan Talamayan","doi":"10.1177/01634437231154759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437231154759","url":null,"abstract":"While the growing influence of digital platforms on social life is now widely recognized, scholars continue to grapple with the operation of digital platforms and their mediation of social life. This article examines some of Facebook’s operational logics to shed light on the company’s social imaginary. Our argument is that Facebook imagines a sociality that can be broken down to machine-readable signals which can also be patented for capital accumulation. This argument is based on a critical analysis of Facebook patents that revealed key operational logics underpinning the platform, namely: data extraction, user surveillance, profiling, ranking, and preemption. Through critical patent analysis, we unveil not only the platform’s configuration but also its creators’ orchestration of human actions and interactions. At a time when companies are more inclined to protect their innovations through patents, perhaps now more than ever, is an opportune moment to examine what their inventions make possible.","PeriodicalId":18417,"journal":{"name":"Media, Culture & Society","volume":"1926 1","pages":"1135 - 1155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86534695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1177/01634437231161259
Kim Foulds, Daniel Labin, Lilith Dollard, Estee Bardanashvili, Farhad Hashimi
Inequitable access to education is a widely acknowledged development challenge, an issue even more pronounced in conflict-affected communities like Afghanistan, where insecurity and violence targeted against education exacerbates barriers that keep children, especially girls, from going to school. To address these challenges, Baghch-e-Simsim (BSS), a locally produced children’s television show, has focused on academic skills and gender equity for children and their families in Afghanistan. This paper will analyze the impact of BSS on the views of gender norms of children and parents using data from two studies: a nationally representative quasi-experimental evaluation of 3025 TV-viewing households and an in-depth qualitative encourage-to-view study of twenty households in Kabul. Overall findings will show that families who frequently view BSS have more gender equitable beliefs. Findings will also show that there is variability among parents on the appropriateness of boys and girls playing together outside, largely driven by security concerns rather than cultural gender norms. Recommendations will focus on the importance of continuing to create mass media content for young children that supports gender equity, but that content must also begin to reflect and address the security concerns facing parents that keep girls out of school.
{"title":"From A to Zari: the impact of Baghch-e-Simsim on gender equity attitudes among children and parents in Afghanistan","authors":"Kim Foulds, Daniel Labin, Lilith Dollard, Estee Bardanashvili, Farhad Hashimi","doi":"10.1177/01634437231161259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437231161259","url":null,"abstract":"Inequitable access to education is a widely acknowledged development challenge, an issue even more pronounced in conflict-affected communities like Afghanistan, where insecurity and violence targeted against education exacerbates barriers that keep children, especially girls, from going to school. To address these challenges, Baghch-e-Simsim (BSS), a locally produced children’s television show, has focused on academic skills and gender equity for children and their families in Afghanistan. This paper will analyze the impact of BSS on the views of gender norms of children and parents using data from two studies: a nationally representative quasi-experimental evaluation of 3025 TV-viewing households and an in-depth qualitative encourage-to-view study of twenty households in Kabul. Overall findings will show that families who frequently view BSS have more gender equitable beliefs. Findings will also show that there is variability among parents on the appropriateness of boys and girls playing together outside, largely driven by security concerns rather than cultural gender norms. Recommendations will focus on the importance of continuing to create mass media content for young children that supports gender equity, but that content must also begin to reflect and address the security concerns facing parents that keep girls out of school.","PeriodicalId":18417,"journal":{"name":"Media, Culture & Society","volume":"54 1","pages":"421 - 434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87496083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1177/01634437231155576
Kyle Kubler
This article investigates the initial beliefs about social media held by fitness influencers and content creators. As influencers and content creators continue to play a growing role in mediating our social world, who invests in this work, and why, becomes increasingly important. Using semi-structured interviews with 41 fitness influencers and creators, this article identifies four typologies of initial belief: Science Communicator, Seller, Shifter, and Sharer. Differences in beliefs were explained in part by the variety of social positions held by influencers and creators within the fitness industry. Relying on Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of social position and belief, this article aims to create a more generalizable account of who influencers and creators are, and why they continue to believe investments in social media are worth it.
{"title":"Sellers, Shifters, Sharers & Science Communicators: The initial beliefs and positions of fitness influencers and creators on Instagram","authors":"Kyle Kubler","doi":"10.1177/01634437231155576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437231155576","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the initial beliefs about social media held by fitness influencers and content creators. As influencers and content creators continue to play a growing role in mediating our social world, who invests in this work, and why, becomes increasingly important. Using semi-structured interviews with 41 fitness influencers and creators, this article identifies four typologies of initial belief: Science Communicator, Seller, Shifter, and Sharer. Differences in beliefs were explained in part by the variety of social positions held by influencers and creators within the fitness industry. Relying on Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of social position and belief, this article aims to create a more generalizable account of who influencers and creators are, and why they continue to believe investments in social media are worth it.","PeriodicalId":18417,"journal":{"name":"Media, Culture & Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"1119 - 1134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89436968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-18DOI: 10.1177/01634437231155557
Haktan Ural
This article calls for a rethinking of the formation of affective publics as a ritual process. Given the particularities of networked media, I suggest that media rituals extend into the formation of affective publics celebrating imagined collectivities in a fashion of collaborative storytelling. This is a transitional process in which a collectivity is validated, affirmed and reinforced through ritual actions. To illustrate this dynamic, I suggest drawing upon three key concepts (namely temporality, performativity and liminality), which are derivatives of media rituals theory, but also shed light on the dynamics of affective publics. To specify, first, ritual temporality refers to ambient concentrations that create a breach in the ordinary flow of media texts. Second, performativity implicates the affect-driven rhythms of digital storytelling feeding algorithmic curations that form an embodied harmony between participants and a sense of collectivity. Third, liminality entails ambiguous situations that enable the formation of affective publics by means of voluntary commitment, anonymity and the uniformity of participants. These concepts are the key entry points in capturing the ritual aspects of affective publics. Viewed through this lens, scrutiny for the ritual dynamics of networked publics helps us to grasp the affective formations of networked media.
{"title":"Rethinking affective publics as media rituals through temporality, performativity and liminality","authors":"Haktan Ural","doi":"10.1177/01634437231155557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437231155557","url":null,"abstract":"This article calls for a rethinking of the formation of affective publics as a ritual process. Given the particularities of networked media, I suggest that media rituals extend into the formation of affective publics celebrating imagined collectivities in a fashion of collaborative storytelling. This is a transitional process in which a collectivity is validated, affirmed and reinforced through ritual actions. To illustrate this dynamic, I suggest drawing upon three key concepts (namely temporality, performativity and liminality), which are derivatives of media rituals theory, but also shed light on the dynamics of affective publics. To specify, first, ritual temporality refers to ambient concentrations that create a breach in the ordinary flow of media texts. Second, performativity implicates the affect-driven rhythms of digital storytelling feeding algorithmic curations that form an embodied harmony between participants and a sense of collectivity. Third, liminality entails ambiguous situations that enable the formation of affective publics by means of voluntary commitment, anonymity and the uniformity of participants. These concepts are the key entry points in capturing the ritual aspects of affective publics. Viewed through this lens, scrutiny for the ritual dynamics of networked publics helps us to grasp the affective formations of networked media.","PeriodicalId":18417,"journal":{"name":"Media, Culture & Society","volume":"10 1","pages":"1036 - 1049"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82991269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-18DOI: 10.1177/01634437231155568
K. Bhatia, M. Elhussein, Ben Kreimer, Trevor Snapp
Internet shutdowns authorized by the state are becoming a recurring case in countries under military or authoritarian rule, such as Sudan. This article examines how the military in Sudan shut down the Internet to cover up the June 3 massacre. The shutdown made it difficult for the protestors and civilians to share and document the human rights violations committed by the state from June 3 to July 9, 2019. We also demonstrate how the Internet shutdowns were instrumental in circulating state-sponsored disinformation campaigns delegitimizing the protests. The article expands on existing literature to explain how information vacuums are conducive to the spread of disinformation and the weakening of on-ground protest movements. Despite the crippling effects of the Internet shutdown in Khartoum, our analysis illustrates how protestors challenged designed technical and physical workarounds to circumvent the shutdown.
{"title":"Protests, Internet shutdowns, and disinformation in a transitioning state","authors":"K. Bhatia, M. Elhussein, Ben Kreimer, Trevor Snapp","doi":"10.1177/01634437231155568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437231155568","url":null,"abstract":"Internet shutdowns authorized by the state are becoming a recurring case in countries under military or authoritarian rule, such as Sudan. This article examines how the military in Sudan shut down the Internet to cover up the June 3 massacre. The shutdown made it difficult for the protestors and civilians to share and document the human rights violations committed by the state from June 3 to July 9, 2019. We also demonstrate how the Internet shutdowns were instrumental in circulating state-sponsored disinformation campaigns delegitimizing the protests. The article expands on existing literature to explain how information vacuums are conducive to the spread of disinformation and the weakening of on-ground protest movements. Despite the crippling effects of the Internet shutdown in Khartoum, our analysis illustrates how protestors challenged designed technical and physical workarounds to circumvent the shutdown.","PeriodicalId":18417,"journal":{"name":"Media, Culture & Society","volume":"5 1","pages":"1101 - 1118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90823050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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