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Heterodox approaches to save the day: A framework for analysing data-related innovation in legacy media businesses 挽救局面的非正统方法:分析传统媒体业务中与数据相关的创新的框架
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-02-18 DOI: 10.1177/01634437231155558
Hanna Jemmer, Indrek Ibrus
That legacy media organisations are struggling in this era of global platformisation and datafication is well established. Yet, the power of platforms as well as critiques of them could be seen as being framed and facilitated by the prevailing forms of neoclassical economics. This paper addresses how analysis and planning of data-driven innovation in legacy media organisations could benefit from the perspectives deriving from heterodox economics. Using approaches within heterodox economics as a foundation, we build on two novel conceptual frameworks – innovation commons and cross-innovation systems, where decentralisation of media markets and collaboration between agents on different levels are central. Further, three tools – open data, blockchains and agent-based modelling (ABM) – offer ways to operationalise these frameworks. Central to these tools are further democratisation and growing complexity, openness and dynamism that enable media organisations to identify paths towards data-driven innovation that could improve the competitiveness of the legacy media industry in the platform economy.
传统媒体机构在这个全球平台化和数据化的时代举步维艰,这是众所周知的。然而,平台的力量以及对它们的批评可以被视为是由新古典经济学的主流形式所构建和促进的。本文讨论了传统媒体组织中数据驱动创新的分析和规划如何从非正统经济学的观点中受益。以非正统经济学中的方法为基础,我们建立了两个新的概念框架——创新公地和交叉创新系统,其中媒体市场的分散化和不同层面的代理人之间的合作是核心。此外,三种工具——开放数据、区块链和基于代理的建模(ABM)——提供了操作这些框架的方法。这些工具的核心是进一步的民主化和日益增长的复杂性、开放性和活力,这使媒体组织能够找到数据驱动创新的道路,从而提高传统媒体行业在平台经济中的竞争力。
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引用次数: 0
Framing the Israel-Palestine conflict 2021: Investigation of CNN’s coverage from a peace journalism perspective 构建巴以冲突2021:从和平新闻的角度对CNN报道的调查
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-02-18 DOI: 10.1177/01634437231154766
Sima Bhowmik, J. Fisher
This study uses textual analysis to examine CNN’s World News coverage of the 12-day conflict between Israel and Palestine in May 2021. We bring into conversation the influential factors that shape U.S. media coverage of other countries, as presented by Dorman and Farhang, and Galtung’s concept of war journalism in our analysis. Our findings show that CNN primarily took a war journalism approach to frame the conflict. However, calls for consideration of Palestinian human-rights from members of U.S. Congress led to coverage that aligned with a peace journalism framework. This finding illuminates the role of counter-discourse by elite social members in influencing the framing of conflict coverage in mainstream media. The study adds to our understanding of U.S. media coverage of ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine and the implications of war journalism versus peace journalism frames with regards to public discourse and understanding.
本研究使用文本分析来检查CNN对2021年5月以色列和巴勒斯坦之间为期12天的冲突的世界新闻报道。在我们的分析中,我们讨论了影响美国媒体对其他国家报道的影响因素,如多尔曼和法尔汉所提出的,以及加尔东的战争新闻概念。我们的研究结果表明,CNN主要采用战争新闻的方式来描述冲突。然而,美国国会议员呼吁考虑巴勒斯坦人权问题,导致报道与和平新闻框架保持一致。这一发现阐明了精英社会成员的反话语在影响主流媒体冲突报道框架方面的作用。这项研究增加了我们对美国媒体对以色列和巴勒斯坦之间持续冲突的报道的理解,以及战争新闻与和平新闻框架在公共话语和理解方面的含义。
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引用次数: 0
Crosscurrents: Welfare 另一面:福利
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1177/01634437231154777
Anne Kaun, Stine Lomborg, C. Pentzold, Doris Allhutter, Karolina Sztandar-Sztanderska
In this crosscurrent contribution, we approach the notion of welfare through the lens of the data welfare state. We, further, suggest that datafied welfare can be fruitfully studied with the capabilities approach to better understand how ideas and values of data welfare intersect with and may allow for the ‘good’ life and human flourishing. The main aim is to highlight the deep-seated changes of the welfare state that emerge with the delegation of care and control tasks to algorithmic systems and the automation based on datafication practices. Welfare provision is undergoing major shifts that imply fundamentally rethinking the role of technology that supports and enhances welfare with the help of data.
在这个逆流的贡献中,我们通过数据福利国家的镜头来接近福利的概念。我们进一步建议,数据福利可以通过能力方法进行富有成效的研究,以更好地理解数据福利的思想和价值如何与“美好”生活和人类繁荣相交,并可能允许它们。主要目的是强调福利国家的深层次变化,这些变化是随着将照顾和控制任务委托给算法系统和基于数据化实践的自动化而出现的。福利提供正在经历重大转变,这意味着从根本上重新思考技术在数据的帮助下支持和提高福利的作用。
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引用次数: 1
The wellbeing of ordinary people in factual television production 真实电视制作中普通人的幸福
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-02-17 DOI: 10.1177/01634437231155347
E. Coleman
This article aims to explore the links between the structural organisation of the television industry and the wellbeing of the ordinary people who take part in its productions. Following a series of high-profile suicides, calls have been made for broadcasters to reconsider their duty of care. New regulations have been initiated in the UK, emphasising the need to risk-assess vulnerable contributors and provide them with psychological support. But these changes have been driven by moral outrage and media criticism rather than empirical research, and a lack of attention has been paid to understanding the views of the participants themselves. Based on in-depth interviews with a sample of 30 documentary contributors and producers, this article will seek to contextualise their experiences within the political economy of TV production, focussing on the impact of five recent developments in relation to working practices, jobs functions, narrative norms, marketing strategies, and the wider media ecology. My argument is that the wellbeing of contributors, producers, and the production environment are all intrinsically connected, and have been fundamentally reshaped by the neo-liberal reorganisation of the industry.
本文旨在探讨电视行业的结构组织与参与其制作的普通人的福祉之间的联系。在一系列备受瞩目的自杀事件之后,人们呼吁广播公司重新考虑他们的注意义务。英国已经启动了新的法规,强调需要对易受伤害的贡献者进行风险评估,并为他们提供心理支持。但这些变化是由道德上的愤怒和媒体的批评推动的,而不是实证研究,而且缺乏对参与者自身观点的关注。基于对30位纪录片撰稿人和制片人的深度访谈,本文将寻求将他们在电视制作的政治经济中的经历置于背景下,重点关注与工作实践、工作职能、叙事规范、营销策略和更广泛的媒体生态相关的五个最新发展的影响。我的观点是,贡献者、生产者和生产环境的福祉都是内在联系的,并且已经被行业的新自由主义重组从根本上重塑了。
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引用次数: 1
Audiences of distant suffering in authoritarian regimes: Denial mechanisms and acts of moral justification 专制政权下遥远苦难的受众:否认机制和道德辩护行为
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.1177/01634437231155339
Zhe Xu
The study of the audiences of distant suffering in authoritarian regimes has received relatively little scholarly attention. This article begins to ameliorate this gap in knowledge by examining how Chinese audiences legitimise their unresponsiveness to mediated victims of global disasters. Drawing upon data from semi-structured interviews and focus groups with participants (N = 81), the study discusses the dominant regimes of justification which inform audience inactivity, the associated argumentation strategies and patterns of reasoning, and their sociocultural and ideological underpinnings. We find that decision-making about the moral justification for inactivity is influenced by state-propaganda media narratives, preferences for ideologies, perceptions of national identity and global responsibility, and geopolitical imaginations. These findings have implications for expanding the ontological horizons of distant suffering studies that are currently embedded in Western spatial and ideological dimensions, particularly in a world of crises spawned by globalisation and mediatisation.
对专制政权中遥远苦难的受众的研究得到了相对较少的学术关注。本文通过研究中国观众如何将他们对全球灾难中调解受害者的不回应合法化,开始改善这一知识差距。根据参与者的半结构化访谈和焦点小组(N = 81)的数据,该研究讨论了告知听众不活动的主要辩护制度,相关的论证策略和推理模式,以及它们的社会文化和意识形态基础。我们发现,关于不作为的道德理由的决策受到国家宣传媒体叙事、意识形态偏好、国家认同和全球责任观念以及地缘政治想象力的影响。这些发现对扩展目前嵌入西方空间和意识形态维度的遥远苦难研究的本体论视野具有启示意义,特别是在全球化和媒体化催生的危机世界中。
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引用次数: 2
Why so serious? Studying humor on the right 为什么这么严肃?在右边学习幽默
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-02-11 DOI: 10.1177/01634437231154779
AJ Bauer
This essay reviews two new books examining different aspects of right-wing humor, “The Souls of White Jokes” (Stanford University Press, 2022) by Raúl Pérez and “That’s Not Funny” (University of California Press, 2022) by Matt Sienkiewicz and Nick Marx. It puts these works into conversation with a longer tendency within right-wing studies to focus on media content and motivations within a negative affective range. By focusing on the positive emotions associated with white supremacy and right-wing media, these books mark an important turning point away from reductionist accounts of the “reactionary mind” and toward a fuller understanding of the complex and contingent motivations of conservatives.
本文回顾了两本从不同角度审视右翼幽默的新书,分别是Raúl p逍遥兹的《白人笑话的灵魂》(斯坦福大学出版社,2022年)和马特·西恩凯维奇和尼克·马克思的《那并不好笑》(加州大学出版社,2022年)。它将这些作品与右翼研究中关注消极情感范围内的媒体内容和动机的长期趋势进行了对话。通过关注与白人至上主义和右翼媒体相关的积极情绪,这些书标志着一个重要的转折点,从对“反动思想”的简化主义描述,转向对保守派复杂和偶然动机的更全面理解。
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引用次数: 1
Chatting with the dead: The hermeneutics of thanabots 与死者交谈:塔纳博特的解释学
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-22 DOI: 10.1177/01634437221147626
Leah Henrickson
In 2021, the San Francisco Chronicle released a feature article about a man who chose to resurrect his deceased fiancée by training a chatbot system built on OpenAI’s GPT language models on her old digital messages. He then had emotional conversations with this chatbot, which appeared to accurately mimic the deceased’s writing style. This case study raises questions about the communicative influences of thanabots: chatbots trained on data of the dead. While thanabots are clearly not living conversational partners, the rhetoric, everyday experiences, and emotions associated with these system have very real implications for living users. This paper applies a lifeworld perspective to consider the hermeneutics of thanabots. It shows that thanabots exist in a long lineage of efforts to communicate with the dead, but acknowledges that thanatechnologies must be more thoroughly studied for better understanding of what it means to die in a digital age.
2021年,《旧金山纪事报》(San Francisco Chronicle)发表了一篇专题文章,讲述了一名男子通过训练基于OpenAI GPT语言模型的聊天机器人系统,在她的旧数字信息上复活了他已故的未婚妻。然后,他与这个聊天机器人进行了情感对话,这个聊天机器人似乎准确地模仿了死者的写作风格。这个案例研究提出了关于thanabts的交流影响的问题:thanabts是根据死者的数据训练的聊天机器人。虽然thanabot显然不是活生生的对话伙伴,但与这些系统相关的修辞、日常体验和情感对活生生的用户有着非常真实的影响。本文运用生活世界的视角来考察《塔纳博特》的解释学。研究表明,人类与死者沟通的努力由来已久,但也承认,为了更好地理解在数字时代死亡意味着什么,必须对死亡技术进行更彻底的研究。
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引用次数: 4
Editorial: encounters with Western media theory 社论:与西方媒体理论的相遇
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1177/01634437221149821
Emily Keightley, Eva Cheuk Yin Li, Simone Natale, Aswin Punathambekar
Beginning in 2020, the Crosscurrents section of this journal featured 10 provocative essays on the theme of “Encounters in Western Media Theory.” These essays stemmed from scholars’ engagements with various canonical texts in media, cultural, and communication studies that took the Anglophone Global North as a taken-for-granted site for making sweeping theoretical claims. In this editorial, we reflect on the critiques and arguments that scholars have developed to move past debates about “internationalizing” and “de-westernizing” the field of media, communication, and cultural studies. Taken together, the essays published in this themed section grapple with the shifting terrain of academic knowledge production and the potential for redefining practices of reading, citation, and teaching.
从2020年开始,本刊的“交叉潮流”栏目以“西方媒体理论中的遭遇”为主题,刊登了10篇具有挑衅性的文章。这些文章源于学者们对媒体、文化和传播研究中各种权威文本的参与,这些文本将以英语为母语的全球北方视为理所当然的地方,可以提出广泛的理论主张。在这篇社论中,我们回顾了学者们对媒体、传播和文化研究领域“国际化”和“去西方化”的争论所提出的批评和论点。总的来说,在这个主题部分发表的文章与学术知识生产的变化地形以及重新定义阅读,引用和教学实践的潜力有关。
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引用次数: 0
Alt-right and authoritarian memetic alliances: global mediations of hate within the rising Farsi manosphere on Iranian social media 另类右翼和威权模因联盟:伊朗社交媒体上不断崛起的波斯语势力圈内仇恨的全球调解
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/01634437221147633
Sama Khosravi Ooryad
This article examines the rising Farsi ‘manosphere’ of Iran and the case of online misogynistic, anti-feminist and anti-queer mobilisations across social media platforms and messaging applications. It focuses on memes and memetic figures that are circulated on Iranian social media and proposes the term ‘memetic alliances’ to convey complicated and unforeseen mutations of today’s internet meme culture and online hate culture. Moreover, it unpacks the increasing convergences of seemingly conflicting online and political contexts. Drawing on digital ethnographic fieldwork on selected platforms as well as visual and conceptual analyses of memes, the article theorises that online figurations of hate have memeto-(micro)political qualities that allow for their propagation across numerous contexts. Furthermore, the case of Iran’s emergent Farsi manosphere is arguably not a totalitarian exception unique to the Middle East but is reconfiguring and standing in alliance with the global rise of the right and its online culture wars.
本文探讨伊朗波斯语“管理圈”的兴起,以及社交媒体平台和通讯应用上的网络厌女症、反女权主义和反酷儿动员。该报告关注伊朗社交媒体上流传的模因和模因人物,并提出“模因联盟”一词,以表达当今网络模因文化和网络仇恨文化的复杂和不可预见的变化。此外,它还揭示了看似冲突的网络和政治环境日益趋同的现象。通过在选定平台上的数字人种学田野调查以及对模因的视觉和概念分析,本文提出了一个理论,即仇恨的在线形象具有模因(微观)政治特质,允许它们在多种背景下传播。此外,伊朗新兴的波斯语管理圈的情况可以说不是中东独有的极权主义例外,而是与全球右翼崛起及其在线文化战争重新配置并站在一起。
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引用次数: 2
Asian sporting masculinities in figure skating: media representations of Nathan Chen and Yuzuru Hanyu as rivals 亚洲花样滑冰运动中的男子气概:媒体将陈南森和羽生结生视为对手
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/01634437221140522
Michelle H. S. Ho, Wesley Lim
In sport and sport media, figure skating is often perceived as ‘feminine’ and male skaters frequently occupy an ambiguous position, especially for Asian (American) athletes in a historically White-dominated sport. Based on discourse analysis, this article compares how English- and Japanese-language news narratives represent elite male figure skaters Nathan Chen and Yuzuru Hanyu, who are close rivals and skate for the United States and Japan respectively. We demonstrate how English-language media reinforce (U.S.) nationalism by portraying ‘Quad King’ Chen as hypermasculine for his athleticism and ‘Ice Prince’ Hanyu as feminized for his exceptional artistry. Despite being pitted against each other, we argue that in Japanese media narratives, their convivial rivalry and sportsmanship reveal what we call ‘Asian sporting masculinities’, alternative constructions of masculinities complicating monolithic stable understandings of masculinity in or congruous with the West. This study advances critical media and cultural studies by rethinking masculinities in Asian sporting bodies.
在体育运动和体育媒体中,花样滑冰经常被认为是“女性化”的,男性滑冰运动员经常占据模糊的地位,尤其是在这个历史上以白人为主的运动中,亚洲(美国)运动员。本文在话语分析的基础上,比较了英语和日语新闻叙事对分别代表美国和日本的优秀男子花样滑冰选手陈南森和羽生结生的表现。我们展示了英语媒体是如何强化(美国)民族主义的,通过将“四王”陈描绘成运动健将的超级男性化,将“冰王子”羽生描绘成女性化的非凡艺术。尽管彼此对立,但我们认为,在日本媒体的叙述中,他们的欢乐竞争和体育精神揭示了我们所谓的“亚洲体育男子气概”,这是一种另类的男子气概结构,使西方对男子气概的单一稳定理解复杂化,或与西方一致。本研究通过重新思考亚洲体育机构中的男性气质来推进批判性媒体和文化研究。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Media, Culture & Society
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