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TikTok and its mediatic split: the promotion of ecumenical user-generated content alongside Sinocentric media globalization 抖音及其媒介分裂:在以中国为中心的媒体全球化的同时,推动用户生成内容的普世化
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-12-26 DOI: 10.1177/01634437221136006
Keith B. Wagner
TikTok has ousted Google as the world’s favorite online destination in 2021. As China’s first emergent social media app making its mark across the Global North and South, it has prompted a shift in our global mediascape. Following in the footsteps of YouTube and Instagram after it, TikTok is facilitating new identities through User-Generated Content (UGC) while challenging the hegemony of American-led platform culture. UGC analyzed in this article views it unabashedly as a youthful narcissism through which a form of self-reinvention online is created. This is culturally surmised as an intriguing new form of global creativity that I label ecumenical UGC. Yet, scholarship has largely examined TikTok through empirical and content analysis frameworks only, negating the compelling cultural studies issues evinced in this trendy media. In conjunction with discussions of TikTok’s meteoric rise, this article also probes how the Chinese company that owns this app bends several UNESCO media principles, creating its mediatic split with its twin, Douyin operating only in the PRC. By laying out this other path, one detects a shrinkage of cultural globalization in the pandemic era as TikTok becomes a carrier of ‘underglobalization’ flows, a disrupter and provider of algorithmic content, all going under not against older notions of global culture.
2021年,抖音取代谷歌成为全球最受欢迎的在线目的地。作为中国第一款新兴的社交媒体应用程序,它在全球南北都留下了印记,它推动了全球媒体格局的转变。继YouTube和Instagram之后,TikTok正在通过用户生成内容(UGC)促进新身份,同时挑战以美国为主导的平台文化霸权。本文分析的UGC毫不掩饰地将其视为一种年轻人的自恋,通过这种自恋,在线上创造了一种自我改造的形式。这在文化上被认为是一种有趣的全球创意新形式,我称之为普世UGC。然而,学术界在很大程度上只通过实证和内容分析框架来研究TikTok,否定了这一时尚媒体所表现出的引人注目的文化研究问题。在讨论抖音的迅速崛起的同时,本文还探讨了拥有这款应用的中国公司如何违背联合国教科文组织的几项媒体原则,使其与只在中国运营的孪生兄弟抖音在媒体上分道扬镳。通过开辟另一条道路,人们发现大流行时代文化全球化的萎缩,因为TikTok成为“低全球化”流动的载体,成为算法内容的破坏者和提供者,所有这些都没有违背旧的全球文化观念。
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引用次数: 1
Functions of background music among prisoners and staff in the Chinese prison workplace 中国监狱工作场所背景音乐对服刑人员和工作人员的作用
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-12-24 DOI: 10.1177/01634437221140520
Xiaoye Zhang
Music listening is one of the most popular leisure activities in our lives, and it can also be found in prisons across the globe. However, most research on music in prison are concerned with its rehabilitative functions and not as an everyday activity. This study collected qualitative questionnaires and interview data from 14 prisons to illustrate the soundscape of music listening in Chinese prisons. The main access to music listening happens at the workspace and it is only available in the form of background music. This study considers the various functions of background music for both prisoners and officers. Music curation and access are about power and control, and it reveals a mostly hierarchical yet also dynamic pattern in the Chinese staff–prisoner relationship. Listening to music has also been found to be one of the coping mechanisms for officers and prisoners who share similar working conditions where conformity to authority is inevitable for all.
听音乐是我们生活中最受欢迎的休闲活动之一,在世界各地的监狱里也可以找到。然而,大多数关于监狱音乐的研究都是关于它的康复功能,而不是作为一种日常活动。本研究收集了14所监狱的定性问卷和访谈数据,以说明中国监狱的音乐听音景观。听音乐的主要途径是在工作空间,它只能以背景音乐的形式提供。本研究考虑了背景音乐对囚犯和军官的各种功能。音乐策划和访问是关于权力和控制的,它揭示了中国员工与囚犯关系中的一种等级森严但又动态的模式。听音乐也被发现是军官和囚犯的应对机制之一,他们有着相似的工作条件,服从权威对所有人来说都是不可避免的。
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引用次数: 0
The remains of the disappeared: digital melancholia and Ensaaf (justice) 失踪者的遗留物:数字忧郁症和正义
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.1177/01634437221140523
S. Devgan
In March 2019, Ensaaf, a transnational, non-profit organization, launched the project of daily posts on their social media pages consisting of remains or traces of disappeared Sikhs (an ethnoreligious minority community in India and the diaspora), that is, their photographs and biographical details. In this paper, I reflect on the meanings implicit in Ensaaf’s daily work of remembering and circulating remains of the disappearance on social media, specifically Facebook. By creating an archive that circulates regularly and frequently in and through social media, Ensaaf is performing what I call digital melancholia: continuous and ongoing grief work. The medium in which Ensaaf enacts its melancholic attachment with the disappeared leaves its imprint on the meaning of the performance itself. The daily work of melancholia performed in the constantly evolving space of Facebook is a form of “epistemic resistance” against the Indian state’s “necropolitics.”
2019年3月,跨国非营利组织Ensaaf在其社交媒体页面上启动了每日发布项目,内容包括失踪的锡克教徒(印度和散居的少数民族宗教社区)的遗骸或痕迹,即他们的照片和传记细节。在本文中,我思考了Ensaaf在社交媒体(特别是Facebook)上记忆和传播失踪遗骸的日常工作所隐含的意义。通过创建一个定期、频繁地在社交媒体上传播的档案,Ensaaf正在表演一种我称之为“数字忧郁症”的作品:持续不断的悲伤作品。恩萨夫以这种媒介来表现其对失踪者的忧郁依恋,在表演本身的意义上留下了印记。忧郁症的日常工作在不断演变的Facebook空间中进行,是对印度国家“死灵政治”的一种“认知抵抗”。
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引用次数: 0
An autoethnography of automated powerlessness: lacking platform affordances in Instagram and TikTok account deletions 自动无力的自我民族志:在Instagram和TikTok账户删除中缺乏平台支持
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.1177/01634437221140531
C. Are
Situated within the field of platform governance studies, this paper shares findings from an ‘autoethnography of automated powerlessness’, drawing from the researcher’s disempowering experience of being a heavily moderated social media user. Using theoretical frameworks blending affordances and World Risk Society theories, this paper contextualises my experiences of moderation of my pole dance instructor, activist and blogger account @bloggeronpole from February to October 2021 within social media’s broader de-platforming of nudity and sexuality, finding fallacies within platforms’ own affordances, which lack mechanisms to aid or rehabilitate de-platformed accounts. With little to no information from platforms about the details of their moderation, qualitative, ethnographic and autoethnographic explorations of their governance are all users currently have to fight and understand their puritan, patriarchal censorship of nudity and sexuality, which are often conflated with risk. This study concludes with recommendations for different options for better, more equal and community focused moderation.
本文位于平台治理研究领域,分享了“自动无能为力的自我民族志”的发现,这些发现来自于研究人员作为一个重度缓和的社交媒体用户的丧失权力的经历。本文使用混合支持和世界风险社会理论的理论框架,将我的钢管舞教练、活动家和博主账户@bloggeronpole在2021年2月至10月期间在社交媒体对裸体和性行为的更广泛的去平台化过程中的适度经历纳入背景,发现平台自身支持中的谬误,这些支持缺乏帮助或恢复去平台化账户的机制。由于平台几乎没有关于其节制细节的信息,对其治理的定性、民族志和自我民族志探索,所有用户目前都必须对抗和理解他们对裸体和性行为的清教徒式、父权制审查,这往往与风险混为一谈。这项研究最后提出了更好、更平等和以社区为中心的不同选择的建议。
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引用次数: 8
My journey with western theory in the university in Africa 我在非洲大学学习西方理论的旅程
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.1177/01634437221140510
Khanyile Mlotshwa
In this paper, I recount my experiences with western media theory. Working on my PhD thesis marked my turn to decolonial theory. I used the creolisation strategy of putting critical western Marxist theories in conversation with African, black and Latin American decolonial theories. I worked on my PhD thesis under conditions informed by the Rhodes Must Fall (RMF), the Fees Must Fall (FMF) and other broader protests in South Africa whose connecting thread was the demand for the decolonisation of both the academy and public life. It is my conviction that, although work has already begun, there is still a lot of work to be done in decolonising the disciplines of journalism, media and cultural studies.
在本文中,我讲述了我对西方媒介理论的体会。写博士论文标志着我转向非殖民化理论。我采用了克里奥尔化策略,将批判的西方马克思主义理论与非洲、黑人和拉丁美洲的非殖民化理论进行对话。我的博士论文是在罗德必须下台(RMF)、学费必须下台(FMF)和南非其他更广泛的抗议活动的影响下完成的,这些抗议活动的联系是学术界和公共生活非殖民化的要求。我深信,虽然工作已经开始,但在新闻、媒体和文化研究学科的非殖民化方面仍有许多工作要做。
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引用次数: 1
The algorithm knows I’m Black: from users to subjects 从用户到实验对象,算法都知道我是黑人
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.1177/01634437221140539
Daniel Meyerend
In October of 2018, several Black Netflix users took to Twitter to air their grievances about images in movie thumbnails featuring Black actors with minor roles, even when the movie itself was a majority white cast. In response to these critiques, Netflix claimed that because users are not asked about their racial identity, it is impossible to personalize the individual Netflix experience using identity markers. This article explores the interplay between algorithmic cultures and representations of race, examining the identity and voices of users and how their agency is affected within algorithmic systems. Users are seeking agentic traction in these algorithmic spaces, and this research begins to address how Black users are positioning themselves to make sense of the digital constraints placed on them. Black subscribers of Netflix heavily critiqued the algorithms used to advertise content to them, and I examine how Netflix constructs Black users as Black subjects in order to keep them engaged with the platform.
2018年10月,Netflix的几名黑人用户在推特上表达了他们对电影缩略图中黑人演员扮演次要角色的不满,即使电影本身主要是白人演员。作为对这些批评的回应,Netflix声称,由于用户没有被问及他们的种族身份,因此不可能使用身份标记来个性化Netflix的个人体验。本文探讨了算法文化与种族表现之间的相互作用,研究了用户的身份和声音,以及他们的代理如何在算法系统中受到影响。用户正在这些算法空间中寻求代理牵引力,这项研究开始解决黑人用户如何定位自己,以理解施加在他们身上的数字限制。Netflix的黑人订阅者严厉批评了用于向他们宣传内容的算法,我研究了Netflix如何将黑人用户构建为黑人主体,以保持他们与平台的互动。
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引用次数: 3
Legalization of press control under democratic backsliding: The case of post-national security law Hong Kong 民主倒退下的新闻管制合法化:以《国家安全法》后的香港为例
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/01634437221140525
Francis L. F. Lee, C. Chan
During democratic backsliding, the state can curtail press freedom through the legalization of press control, that is, the establishment and utilization of legal instruments for the purpose of controlling the media and journalistic work. Drawing upon the literature on authoritarian rule of law, this article emphasizes that legalization of press control has to be examined by paying attention to both the conspicuous and subtle measures that constitute the legal minefield for journalism, the evolution of official discourses that aim at legitimizing the laws and their implementation, and the changing politics of self-censorship as journalists and the society react to emerging legal risks. The empirical analysis focuses on Hong Kong after the establishment of the National Security Law in June 2020. The article offers an updated analytical account of press freedom in Hong Kong and the conceptualization of a process possibly observable in other authoritarian states or hybrid regimes.
在民主倒退期间,国家可以通过新闻控制的合法化来限制新闻自由,即建立和利用法律工具来控制媒体和新闻工作。借鉴权威法治的文献,本文强调新闻控制的合法化必须通过关注构成新闻法律雷区的明显和微妙的措施,旨在使法律及其实施合法化的官方话语的演变,以及随着记者和社会对新出现的法律风险的反应,自我审查的政治变化来审查。实证分析的重点是2020年6月《国家安全法》实施后的香港。这篇文章提供了对香港新闻自由的最新分析,并对可能在其他威权国家或混合政权中观察到的过程进行了概念化。
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引用次数: 3
What’s not talked about: a content analysis of health issues in Black-oriented magazines 没有被讨论的是:针对黑人杂志健康问题的内容分析
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-11-23 DOI: 10.1177/01634437221135980
Teairah Taylor
Black-oriented magazines have been a staple of Black communities for decades. Essence magazine, in particular, places a strong emphasis on targeting and empowering the Black woman. Essence often covers health issues in their publications alongside other popular issues being discussed in Black communities. Given the prevalence of health articles in Essence, I conducted a content analysis to assess how the magazine discusses the relationships between health, power, and race. The findings suggest that Essence magazine leverages its cultural and popular position to engage in discussions about health issues with its readers in culturally relevant ways that engage and empower Black women. At the same time, given Essence’s global platform, the magazine walks a tightrope between being an ‘easy-read’ popular magazine and an outlet that discusses pressing health-related issues.
面向黑人的杂志几十年来一直是黑人社区的主要出版物。《本质》杂志尤其强调以黑人女性为目标,赋予她们权力。《本质》杂志经常在其出版物中涵盖健康问题以及黑人社区讨论的其他热门问题。鉴于《本质》中健康文章的流行,我进行了内容分析,以评估该杂志如何讨论健康、权力和种族之间的关系。研究结果表明,《本质》杂志利用其文化和流行地位,以与文化相关的方式与读者讨论健康问题,从而吸引黑人女性并赋予她们权力。与此同时,鉴于《Essence》的全球平台,该杂志在“易读”的流行杂志和讨论紧迫健康问题的渠道之间走钢丝。
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引用次数: 0
Border countervisuality: smartphone videos of border crossing and migration 边境反视觉性:智能手机上过境和移民的视频
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.1177/01634437221136013
Yener Bayramoğlu
This article explores how smartphone videos produced by migrants during border crossings challenge Eurocentric visualizations of borders. Implementing video analysis and iconographic interpretation, I explore three interrelated aspects of the smartphone videos: (1) By circulating videos via digital platforms, migrants create a countervisuality of border crossing that destabilizes the visual politics that shape current border regimes. (2) Unlike journalistic, humanitarian, or surveillance-oriented visual images produced from above, from a safe distance, from rescue or patrol ships, migrants’ smartphone footage puts their own narratives at the center of visualization. (3) Whereas Eurocentric visualizations of migration and borders aim to elicit affects and emotions such as pity, empathy, fear, or panic, migrants’ smartphone videos depict emotions such as joy and happiness after successful border crossings. These affective visualizations of individual migration stories confound binary representations of migrants as either victims or invaders. I argue that the shaky smartphone videos with their wandering focus and disordered mode of vision create a productive vantage point for seeing and sensing a world that is unimaginable for the normative, focused lens that structures views projected by journalism, humanitarian appeals, political mobilization, and surveillance technologies.
本文探讨了移民在过境时制作的智能手机视频如何挑战以欧洲为中心的边界可视化。通过视频分析和图像解读,我探索了智能手机视频的三个相互关联的方面:(1)通过数字平台传播视频,移民创造了一种越境的反视觉性,破坏了塑造当前边境制度的视觉政治。(2)与从上方、安全距离、救援船或巡逻艇拍摄的新闻、人道主义或监视导向的视觉图像不同,移民的智能手机镜头将他们自己的叙述置于可视化的中心。(3)以欧洲为中心的移民和边界可视化旨在引发同情、同情、恐惧或恐慌等情感和情绪,而移民的智能手机视频则描绘了成功穿越边境后的喜悦和幸福等情绪。这些个人移民故事的情感可视化混淆了移民作为受害者或入侵者的二元表现。我认为,摇摇欲坠的智能手机视频,其焦点的飘移和视觉模式的混乱,为观察和感知一个世界创造了一个富有成果的有利位置,而这个世界是新闻、人道主义呼吁、政治动员和监控技术所投射的规范性、聚焦镜头所无法想象的。
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引用次数: 0
Against masculinised hypercorrection? Renegotiating the everydayness and ordinariness of postfeminism on Chinese TV 反对男性化的过度矫正?再谈中国电视中的后女性主义的日常与平凡
IF 3.3 1区 文学 Q1 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1177/01634437221135994
Min Xu, Shi Zheng
In the past decade, there has been a significant rise in urban women-themed TV dramas in China, some of which have generated substantial public discourse on femininity. While Western women-centred TV and cinematic productions have been discussed intensively, much less attention has been paid to Chinese TV series and their audience reception. This article highlights the usefulness of studying audience response to the women-centred TV series produced in China over the past decade, especially those focusing on single women as main characters. By examining these widely-viewed TV series and their audience interpretation, this article aims to investigate the ordinariness and everydayness through which a postfeminist sensibility manifests in a non-Western context. As the research shows, these women-centred TV series reveal the diverse dimensions of urban women’s everyday lives. However, Chinese audiences express strong opposition to masculinised hypercorrection and the fetishisation of the gynandroid in such TV series. Many Chinese viewers prefer to see a realistic representation of Chinese women who have autonomy and the right to be imperfect. The findings shed light on gender-related debates in China today and contribute to discussions about the everydayness of postfeminism from an audience’s perspective.
在过去的十年里,中国以城市女性为主题的电视剧有了显著的增长,其中一些引起了大量关于女性气质的公共讨论。虽然西方以女性为中心的电视和电影作品被广泛讨论,但对中国电视剧及其观众接受程度的关注却少得多。这篇文章强调了研究观众对中国过去十年制作的以女性为中心的电视剧的反应的有用性,尤其是那些以单身女性为主角的电视剧。本文旨在通过对这些广受欢迎的电视剧及其受众解读的考察,探讨非西方语境下后女权主义情感的平凡与日常。研究表明,这些以女性为中心的电视剧揭示了城市女性日常生活的不同层面。然而,中国观众强烈反对这类电视剧中男性化的过度矫枉过正和对女性的盲目崇拜。许多中国观众更喜欢看到中国女性拥有自主权和不完美的权利的现实表现。这些发现揭示了当今中国与性别相关的争论,并有助于从观众的角度讨论后女权主义的日常生活。
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引用次数: 0
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Media, Culture & Society
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