Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.357
Mohammed K. Abbas, Hasan K. Abdullah
The work was an experimental study of natural heat transfer from heated cylinders fixed in variable shape air duct, made from Pyrex glass. Two finned cylinders made from mild iron, outer diameter (12) mm, inner diameter (10) mm, rectangle fins dimensions (70*40) mm. The angle of two walls from the duct was changed to five angles α:(0°,3°,5°,10°,15°) with vertical to make converge shape. The cylinders were fixed inside the duct at top, centre and bottom. The cylinders were heated by supply variable power of constant heat flux (88,177,390 and 680) W/m2. The study was done with Rayleigh numbers (15x103 to 14x104). The heat was carried by free convection by atmosphere air. The results of experimental found for top location, the value of Nusselt number increased by 7.8% at ԛ•= 88 W/ m2 when increase the value of angle from 0° to 5°, and increased by 20% at ԛ•= 680 W/ m2 when increased the value of angle from 0° to 15°.For centre location, the value of Nusselt number increased by 25 % at ԛ•= 88 W/ m2 when increase the value of angle from 0° to 3°, and increase by 21 % at ԛ•= 680 W/ m2 when increase the value of angle from 0° to 10°.For bottom location, the value of Nusselt number increased by 35 % at ԛ•= 88 W/ m2 when increase the value of angle from 0° to 3°,and increased by 30 % at ԛ•= 680 W/ m2 when increasing the value of angle from 0° to 10°.The best location for the heat exchanger was at the bottom, and the best angle was 15°.
{"title":"Experimental study of natural heat transfer from finned heat exchanger fixed in variable shape of duct","authors":"Mohammed K. Abbas, Hasan K. Abdullah","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.357","url":null,"abstract":"The work was an experimental study of natural heat transfer from heated cylinders fixed in variable shape air duct, made from Pyrex glass. Two finned cylinders made from mild iron, outer diameter (12) mm, inner diameter (10) mm, rectangle fins dimensions (70*40) mm. The angle of two walls from the duct was changed to five angles α:(0°,3°,5°,10°,15°) with vertical to make converge shape. The cylinders were fixed inside the duct at top, centre and bottom. The cylinders were heated by supply variable power of constant heat flux (88,177,390 and 680) W/m2. The study was done with Rayleigh numbers (15x103 to 14x104). The heat was carried by free convection by atmosphere air. The results of experimental found for top location, the value of Nusselt number increased by 7.8% at ԛ•= 88 W/ m2 when increase the value of angle from 0° to 5°, and increased by 20% at ԛ•= 680 W/ m2 when increased the value of angle from 0° to 15°.For centre location, the value of Nusselt number increased by 25 % at ԛ•= 88 W/ m2 when increase the value of angle from 0° to 3°, and increase by 21 % at ԛ•= 680 W/ m2 when increase the value of angle from 0° to 10°.For bottom location, the value of Nusselt number increased by 35 % at ԛ•= 88 W/ m2 when increase the value of angle from 0° to 3°,and increased by 30 % at ԛ•= 680 W/ m2 when increasing the value of angle from 0° to 10°.The best location for the heat exchanger was at the bottom, and the best angle was 15°.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132409982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.367
N. Hamed, A. J. Jaeel
The decolourisation of the reactive Congo red dye from synthetic wastewater was studied using ElectroCoagulation (EC) technique. In an effort to increase removal efficiency, the effects of operating parameters including flow, inter electrode distance, conductivity, voltage, and Hydraulic Detention Time (HDT) were investigated. An electrochemical cell was initially created with an aluminum cathode and anode. Following that, each variable's impact was examined independently using synthetic wastewater. The colour removal efficiency was 93% when the initial dye concentration was 4 mg/L, the conductivity was 300 ppm, the temperature was 24 oC, the interelectrode spacing was 1 cm, and the HDT of the electrolysis was 120 min.
{"title":"Decolorisation of Reactive Congo Red Dye Solution by Electro Coagulation Process","authors":"N. Hamed, A. J. Jaeel","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.367","url":null,"abstract":"The decolourisation of the reactive Congo red dye from synthetic wastewater was studied using ElectroCoagulation (EC) technique. In an effort to increase removal efficiency, the effects of operating parameters including flow, inter electrode distance, conductivity, voltage, and Hydraulic Detention Time (HDT) were investigated. An electrochemical cell was initially created with an aluminum cathode and anode. Following that, each variable's impact was examined independently using synthetic wastewater. The colour removal efficiency was 93% when the initial dye concentration was 4 mg/L, the conductivity was 300 ppm, the temperature was 24 oC, the interelectrode spacing was 1 cm, and the HDT of the electrolysis was 120 min.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115465628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.365
Noor Hmood, M. Shamkhi
Soil properties checks and classification are an important part of any engineering project as they directly affect buildings as well as agriculture and others. The research aims to create an integrated database for soil properties in the study area, which is the western side of the city of Kut, to know its relationship to groundwater in the region. Laboratory tests were conducted for five soil samples from the Bar Drilling sites to monitor the movement of groundwater in the area. Soil samples were taken when drilling and upon reaching the groundwater level, which was approximately 6 meters sieve analysis, hydrometer, specific gravity, and hydraulic conductivity were also conducted, as well as the content of chlorides and sulfates in the soil was calculated. For classifying testure of the soil, the triangle of US agriculture department was utilized, soil can be divided into groups by this triangle based on clay, silt and sand proportion. Results of examination of soil texture showed that the soil in the first was Clay loam and the second point was Silty Clay loam and in the third point, it was sandy clay loam, while in the fourth point it was silty clay loam and it was in the fifth point silt loam As shown in Table 1. The specific gravity was measured in the field, and the lowest value was 2.65 in the third well, while the highest value was 2.70 in the fifth well. The hydraulic conductivity of the five well points was calculated and was close to each other and considered as an average value of hydraulic conductivity equal to 0.013522. The content of chlorides and sulfates in the soil was calculated due to its importance in knowing the chemical properties. The results showed that the value of the chlorides ranged between (0.154 - 1.72) %, while the values of the sulfate content in the soil ranged between (0.930 - 3.11) %.
{"title":"Soil Properties Study for the Western Side of Kut City, Iraq","authors":"Noor Hmood, M. Shamkhi","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.365","url":null,"abstract":"Soil properties checks and classification are an important part of any engineering project as they directly affect buildings as well as agriculture and others. The research aims to create an integrated database for soil properties in the study area, which is the western side of the city of Kut, to know its relationship to groundwater in the region. Laboratory tests were conducted for five soil samples from the Bar Drilling sites to monitor the movement of groundwater in the area. Soil samples were taken when drilling and upon reaching the groundwater level, which was approximately 6 meters sieve analysis, hydrometer, specific gravity, and hydraulic conductivity were also conducted, as well as the content of chlorides and sulfates in the soil was calculated. For classifying testure of the soil, the triangle of US agriculture department was utilized, soil can be divided into groups by this triangle based on clay, silt and sand proportion. Results of examination of soil texture showed that the soil in the first was Clay loam and the second point was Silty Clay loam and in the third point, it was sandy clay loam, while in the fourth point it was silty clay loam and it was in the fifth point silt loam As shown in Table 1. The specific gravity was measured in the field, and the lowest value was 2.65 in the third well, while the highest value was 2.70 in the fifth well. The hydraulic conductivity of the five well points was calculated and was close to each other and considered as an average value of hydraulic conductivity equal to 0.013522. The content of chlorides and sulfates in the soil was calculated due to its importance in knowing the chemical properties. The results showed that the value of the chlorides ranged between (0.154 - 1.72) %, while the values of the sulfate content in the soil ranged between (0.930 - 3.11) %.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"25 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120859530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.374
Tuqa Abduljabbar, Abbas J. Jubear, Batool M. Mardan
In this study, a simulation for two story building associated with a vertical solar chimney was made by using ANSYS 2022/R1. The study conducted under the climatic conditions of Al-kut city/ Iraq on 5/8/2016. The study involved a comparison between the ventilation performance of SC before and after adding Energy Storage. Al-dura, RT-42, and block-shaped paraffin wax were the three types of PCM that were studied in order to find the optimum ES. The numerical results showed that the best Paraffin wax was Al-dura depending on the average Air Change per Hour (ACH), average indoor temperature, and the ventilation period after sunset. Comparing with the 1st model (without ES), After adding Al-dura wax, the ACH increased by 18.3 % and 9.95 % for 1st and 2nd floor, respectively. whereas, the indoor temperature was reduced by 1.17 k and 0.68 k on the 1st and 2nd floor, respectively. As for the ventilation period, it was lasted for 5 h after sunset.
{"title":"Numerical Study of Improving Solar Chimney Performance by using Energy Storage","authors":"Tuqa Abduljabbar, Abbas J. Jubear, Batool M. Mardan","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.374","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a simulation for two story building associated with a vertical solar chimney was made by using ANSYS 2022/R1. The study conducted under the climatic conditions of Al-kut city/ Iraq on 5/8/2016. The study involved a comparison between the ventilation performance of SC before and after adding Energy Storage. Al-dura, RT-42, and block-shaped paraffin wax were the three types of PCM that were studied in order to find the optimum ES. The numerical results showed that the best Paraffin wax was Al-dura depending on the average Air Change per Hour (ACH), average indoor temperature, and the ventilation period after sunset. Comparing with the 1st model (without ES), After adding Al-dura wax, the ACH increased by 18.3 % and 9.95 % for 1st and 2nd floor, respectively. whereas, the indoor temperature was reduced by 1.17 k and 0.68 k on the 1st and 2nd floor, respectively. As for the ventilation period, it was lasted for 5 h after sunset. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115166587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.416
Mustafa Ozakca, Raad A. Al-Ameri, Esra Eylem Karataş, M. T. Gögüs, A. H. Tanrikulu
Concrete is a brittle material when subjected to design and accidental impact loads, which are expected along the life span of the structure. To improve the impact performance of concrete, steel fibers are used as short discrete material reinforcing elements. Among the available impact test, the ACI 544-2R repeated impact test is considered as the simplest and cheapest test procedure that needs no sophisticated sensors and costly techniques, which is used as a qualitative tool to evaluate the impact of fibrous concrete. This article introduces a state-of-the-art literature review of the repeated impact performance of steel fiber-reinforced concrete. Rich literature of different steel fiber-reinforced concrete types is reviewed and the effect of steel fibers on the retained cracking and failure impact numbers is highlighted. The sole effects of the geometrical parameters of steel fibers were analyzed in addition to fiber content. Based on the reviewed literature works, it can be summarized that increasing the fiber content increases the bond strength, and using longer fibers affords deeper anchorage lengths inside the cement paste across cracks, which postpone their widening and improves the impact resistance in terms of recorded cracking and failure numbers.
{"title":"Recent Literature on Steel Fiber Role in Resistance Improvement of Fibrous Concrete to Repeated Impacts","authors":"Mustafa Ozakca, Raad A. Al-Ameri, Esra Eylem Karataş, M. T. Gögüs, A. H. Tanrikulu","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.416","url":null,"abstract":"Concrete is a brittle material when subjected to design and accidental impact loads, which are expected along the life span of the structure. To improve the impact performance of concrete, steel fibers are used as short discrete material reinforcing elements. Among the available impact test, the ACI 544-2R repeated impact test is considered as the simplest and cheapest test procedure that needs no sophisticated sensors and costly techniques, which is used as a qualitative tool to evaluate the impact of fibrous concrete. This article introduces a state-of-the-art literature review of the repeated impact performance of steel fiber-reinforced concrete. Rich literature of different steel fiber-reinforced concrete types is reviewed and the effect of steel fibers on the retained cracking and failure impact numbers is highlighted. The sole effects of the geometrical parameters of steel fibers were analyzed in addition to fiber content. Based on the reviewed literature works, it can be summarized that increasing the fiber content increases the bond strength, and using longer fibers affords deeper anchorage lengths inside the cement paste across cracks, which postpone their widening and improves the impact resistance in terms of recorded cracking and failure numbers.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127818857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.369
Mohammed G. Al-Azawy, Zahraa Ahmed Hamza, Alaa Ahmed Alkinani
The current numerical analysis was utilised to compare the hemodynamic effects caused by flow disruptions in coronary arteries with and without stenosis in order to evaluate the hemodynamic importance of patient-specific coronary stenosis using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to provide information to the public, particularly surgeons, and assist them in reducing the risk of stenosis. Assuming the flow is turbulent and non-Newtonian viscosity, the Carreau model is incorporated by utilizing STAR-CCM+ 2021.2.1. The test model is a patient-specific coronary stenosis with area stenosis (60%). The velocity, shear stress, and strain rate were evaluated and revealed that the stenosed artery experiences more hemodynamic impacts as the flow rate increases compared to the normal artery. The turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent viscosity ratio findings showed that the TKE and TVR are almost the same downstream of the stenoses, with the TKE and TVR being somewhat higher with the stenosed artery model than the unstenosed artery model, and it increases as the flow increases. Moreover, to determine the stenosis severity, the coefficient of pressure drop (CDP) and lesion flow coefficient (LFC) were used and showed that the CDP value be higher in stenosed artery (107pa) compared to a normal artery (5.2pa) but it was less when the flow increased (84.4pa), (2.5pa) respectively. whereas the LFC value in the stenoses artery is higher (0.61) and rises as flow increases (0.69).
{"title":"Non-invasive evaluation of blood flow through a healthy and stenosed coronary artery","authors":"Mohammed G. Al-Azawy, Zahraa Ahmed Hamza, Alaa Ahmed Alkinani","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.369","url":null,"abstract":"The current numerical analysis was utilised to compare the hemodynamic effects caused by flow disruptions in coronary arteries with and without stenosis in order to evaluate the hemodynamic importance of patient-specific coronary stenosis using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to provide information to the public, particularly surgeons, and assist them in reducing the risk of stenosis. Assuming the flow is turbulent and non-Newtonian viscosity, the Carreau model is incorporated by utilizing STAR-CCM+ 2021.2.1. The test model is a patient-specific coronary stenosis with area stenosis (60%). The velocity, shear stress, and strain rate were evaluated and revealed that the stenosed artery experiences more hemodynamic impacts as the flow rate increases compared to the normal artery. The turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent viscosity ratio findings showed that the TKE and TVR are almost the same downstream of the stenoses, with the TKE and TVR being somewhat higher with the stenosed artery model than the unstenosed artery model, and it increases as the flow increases. Moreover, to determine the stenosis severity, the coefficient of pressure drop (CDP) and lesion flow coefficient (LFC) were used and showed that the CDP value be higher in stenosed artery (107pa) compared to a normal artery (5.2pa) but it was less when the flow increased (84.4pa), (2.5pa) respectively. whereas the LFC value in the stenoses artery is higher (0.61) and rises as flow increases (0.69). ","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133368570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.383
M. Alaa, A. Jubear, H. Al-Bugharbee
In recent years, open-pore metallic foams have been employed in a wide variety of applications owing to the essential qualities that they possess. In the present study, the thermal performance of a finned heat sink made from open-cell copper foam was investigated numerically under laminar forced conditions. The influence of fin thickness, air velocity, and heat fluxes on the average heat sink base temperature to ambient temperature difference, the Nusselt number, and pressure drop were investigated. Fin thickness was generally taken as 2, 5, 7, and 10 mm. Heat fluxes were taken from (600 to 3000) W/m2, while the air velocity was taken from 0.04 to 0.16 m/s. The findings of laminar flow indicate that straight fins with a thickness of 10 mm minimize the temperature difference between the heat sink's base and the surrounding air the most, followed by fins with thicknesses of 7 mm, 5 mm, and 2 mm. At 3000 W/m2, a change in velocity from 0.04 to 0.16 m/s increases the average base temperature difference (i.e. (Tbase-Tamb)) by 118.9% for a heat sink with 10 mm straight fins. . At a heat flow of 600W/m2, the Nusselt number grew by 72.6%, 60.7%, and 45.7% when fin thickness was raised from 2 mm to 10 mm, 2 mm to 7 mm, and 2 mm to 5 mm, respectively. The results also demonstrate that the pressure drop rises with increasing fin thickness.
{"title":"Influence of fin thickness variation on the thermal performance of metallic foam heat sink laminar condition","authors":"M. Alaa, A. Jubear, H. Al-Bugharbee","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss1.383","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, open-pore metallic foams have been employed in a wide variety of applications owing to the essential qualities that they possess. In the present study, the thermal performance of a finned heat sink made from open-cell copper foam was investigated numerically under laminar forced conditions. The influence of fin thickness, air velocity, and heat fluxes on the average heat sink base temperature to ambient temperature difference, the Nusselt number, and pressure drop were investigated. Fin thickness was generally taken as 2, 5, 7, and 10 mm. Heat fluxes were taken from (600 to 3000) W/m2, while the air velocity was taken from 0.04 to 0.16 m/s. The findings of laminar flow indicate that straight fins with a thickness of 10 mm minimize the temperature difference between the heat sink's base and the surrounding air the most, followed by fins with thicknesses of 7 mm, 5 mm, and 2 mm. At 3000 W/m2, a change in velocity from 0.04 to 0.16 m/s increases the average base temperature difference (i.e. (Tbase-Tamb)) by 118.9% for a heat sink with 10 mm straight fins. . At a heat flow of 600W/m2, the Nusselt number grew by 72.6%, 60.7%, and 45.7% when fin thickness was raised from 2 mm to 10 mm, 2 mm to 7 mm, and 2 mm to 5 mm, respectively. The results also demonstrate that the pressure drop rises with increasing fin thickness.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"60 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113933276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.317
Yousif Zakoor, Hatem A. Gzar
An electrocoagulation with membrane bioreactor technique (EC-MBR) was developed to treat domestic wastewater and prevent membrane fouling. To support the new design, experiments were conducted on a few levels. The structure and distribution of organic matter removal utilizing the membrane are investigated using a laboratory-scale (EC-MBR) treatment of domestic wastewater. The study's goals were to assess the removal efficiency of organic matter (biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in Al-Hawraa's wastewater, as well as its links to statistical indicators. It was chosen to sample and evaluate effluent from domestic wastewater using EC-MBR with operating temperature (25 0C), pH (7-8), DO (4-6) mg/L, beginning and final concentrations of BOD (184-6 mg/L), and COD (489-20 mg/L) using biological and electrochemical treatment procedures. According to the results, the organic matter removal efficiency may be calculated using the multilinear regression (MLR) and neural network (NN) models in the SPSS modeler. In addition, the results showed that the entire reactor had good BOD and COD maximum removal efficiencies of 96.7% and 95.9%, respectively. Finally, the highest accuracy of the MLR algorithm for COD and BOD is 99.6 for both, whereas the maximum accuracy of the NN algorithm for COD and BOD is 99.2 % and 99.1%, respectively. To choose the best algorithm for analysis and modeling the outcomes, a comparative study has been achieved to compare the results of two algorithms that used in this study. Therefore, for this study MLR algorithm was chosen.
{"title":"Statistical indicators to evaluate the performance of electrocoagulation with membrane bioreactor (EC-MBR) for treatment of organic matters in domestic wastewater","authors":"Yousif Zakoor, Hatem A. Gzar","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.317","url":null,"abstract":"An electrocoagulation with membrane bioreactor technique (EC-MBR) was developed to treat domestic wastewater and prevent membrane fouling. To support the new design, experiments were conducted on a few levels. The structure and distribution of organic matter removal utilizing the membrane are investigated using a laboratory-scale (EC-MBR) treatment of domestic wastewater. The study's goals were to assess the removal efficiency of organic matter (biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in Al-Hawraa's wastewater, as well as its links to statistical indicators. It was chosen to sample and evaluate effluent from domestic wastewater using EC-MBR with operating temperature (25 0C), pH (7-8), DO (4-6) mg/L, beginning and final concentrations of BOD (184-6 mg/L), and COD (489-20 mg/L) using biological and electrochemical treatment procedures. According to the results, the organic matter removal efficiency may be calculated using the multilinear regression (MLR) and neural network (NN) models in the SPSS modeler. In addition, the results showed that the entire reactor had good BOD and COD maximum removal efficiencies of 96.7% and 95.9%, respectively. Finally, the highest accuracy of the MLR algorithm for COD and BOD is 99.6 for both, whereas the maximum accuracy of the NN algorithm for COD and BOD is 99.2 % and 99.1%, respectively. To choose the best algorithm for analysis and modeling the outcomes, a comparative study has been achieved to compare the results of two algorithms that used in this study. Therefore, for this study MLR algorithm was chosen.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129938034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.316
Hamzah Al-Hachami, H. A. Gzar
Most developing countries that bypass rivers are concerned about water pollutants. Water quality within the permissible limits for agricultural, industrial, and drinking reasons is a difficult problem to solve. On the basis of their importance, ten physical and chemical parameters were chosen for this investigation from Al Kut textile factory. For the last eight years, physical-chemical parameters measurements of water samples have been researched for ten parameters are total dissolved solids TDS, TSS, Tur., Electrical conductivity, sulfate SO4, Chloride, Phosphate, COD, DO and biological oxygen demand BOD5. The findings of the water quality examination were compared to the World Health Organization's maximum permitted limit concentration and Iraqi limitations spastically. Moreover, the water quality parameters were gradually decreased according to the findings. Results shows the annual variation of Al-Kut TSS concentration with decreasing rate of (71%), Turbidity concentration with decreasing rate of (11.44%), Chloride and Phosphate concentrations within its decreasing rate of 50 % and 70.23 % respectively during the study period of the last eight years. While the average BOD5 values decrease in concentration and the annual variation of Al-Kut DO concentration within its decreasing rate of (51%) during the study period of the last eight years.
{"title":"Assessment physical-chemical and biological properties of industrial wastewater in Al-Kut textile factory","authors":"Hamzah Al-Hachami, H. A. Gzar","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.316","url":null,"abstract":"Most developing countries that bypass rivers are concerned about water pollutants. Water quality within the permissible limits for agricultural, industrial, and drinking reasons is a difficult problem to solve. On the basis of their importance, ten physical and chemical parameters were chosen for this investigation from Al Kut textile factory. For the last eight years, physical-chemical parameters measurements of water samples have been researched for ten parameters are total dissolved solids TDS, TSS, Tur., Electrical conductivity, sulfate SO4, Chloride, Phosphate, COD, DO and biological oxygen demand BOD5. The findings of the water quality examination were compared to the World Health Organization's maximum permitted limit concentration and Iraqi limitations spastically. Moreover, the water quality parameters were gradually decreased according to the findings. Results shows the annual variation of Al-Kut TSS concentration with decreasing rate of (71%), Turbidity concentration with decreasing rate of (11.44%), Chloride and Phosphate concentrations within its decreasing rate of 50 % and 70.23 % respectively during the study period of the last eight years. While the average BOD5 values decrease in concentration and the annual variation of Al-Kut DO concentration within its decreasing rate of (51%) during the study period of the last eight years.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132334109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.382
Mustafa A. Alawsi, S. Zubaidi, Laith B. Al-badranee
Drought modelling is essential to managing water resources in arid regions to limit its impacts. Additionally, climate change has a significant effect on the frequency and intensity of drought. This research provides a novel approach to forecasting the standardised precipitation index (SPI 3), considering several climatic variables by employing hybrid methods including (i.e., data pre-processing represented by normalisation, cleaning (i.e., outliers and Singular Spectrum Analysis), and best model input (i.e., tolerance technique), in addition to, artificial neural network (ANN) combined with particle swarm optimisation (PSO)). The data on climatic factors were applied to build and evaluate the SPI 3 model from 1990 to 2020 for the Al-Kut region. The result revealed that data pre-processing techniques enhance the data quality by increasing the correlation coefficient between independent and dependent variables; and choosing the optimal input model scenario. Also, it was found that the PSO algorithm precisely predicts the parameters of the proposed model. Moreover, the finding confirmed that the supposed methodology precisely simulated the SPI 3 depending on several statistical criteria (i.e., R², RMSE, MAE).
{"title":"novel approach for predicting the standardised precipitation index considering climatic factors","authors":"Mustafa A. Alawsi, S. Zubaidi, Laith B. Al-badranee","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.382","url":null,"abstract":"Drought modelling is essential to managing water resources in arid regions to limit its impacts. Additionally, climate change has a significant effect on the frequency and intensity of drought. This research provides a novel approach to forecasting the standardised precipitation index (SPI 3), considering several climatic variables by employing hybrid methods including (i.e., data pre-processing represented by normalisation, cleaning (i.e., outliers and Singular Spectrum Analysis), and best model input (i.e., tolerance technique), in addition to, artificial neural network (ANN) combined with particle swarm optimisation (PSO)). The data on climatic factors were applied to build and evaluate the SPI 3 model from 1990 to 2020 for the Al-Kut region. The result revealed that data pre-processing techniques enhance the data quality by increasing the correlation coefficient between independent and dependent variables; and choosing the optimal input model scenario. Also, it was found that the PSO algorithm precisely predicts the parameters of the proposed model. Moreover, the finding confirmed that the supposed methodology precisely simulated the SPI 3 depending on several statistical criteria (i.e., R², RMSE, MAE).","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132374804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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