Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.481
Sarah Taher, Y. Al-lami, A. A. Al‐Hamadani
Devices for cryogenic cooling based on the Stirling cycle include pulse tube refrigerators. They are often employed in a variety of applications, including space exploration, superconductivity, and cryogenic research, where small and dependable cryogenic cooling is necessary. A working gas, commonly helium, is compressed and expanded in cycles within a closed system to operate a pulse tube refrigerator. The goal of theoretical research on pulse tube refrigerators is to comprehend the system's thermodynamic behavior and performance characteristics. In order to obtain greater cooling efficiency and lower temperatures, these studies are strivinge to improve the design parameters and operating conditions. To forecast the system's performance, theoretical models are taking into account a number of variables, including heat transfer, pressure drop, gas dynamics, and fluid characteristics. The outcome demonstrates how a system's temperature gradient. The ansys program was used to conduct a thermal simulation, as well use solidworks to draw geometry design the temperature gradient is 3 W/m2, reaching 47 K. The heat load increases as the temperature rises, reaching [43,58,79,90,111,156,] K at [3,4,5,6,8,10] W/m2. With a temperature gradient of 88.034k in the first order and 340 k in the second order, the simulation approach demonstrates that the best scenario achieved 105 K. The best example with a difference in heat load was at 3 W/m2, reaching 108K, Results revealed a 5% error rate temperature decline at the pulse tube.
{"title":"Numerical studies on Pulse tube refrigerator and the effect of changing the load of the regenerator on temperatures","authors":"Sarah Taher, Y. Al-lami, A. A. Al‐Hamadani","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.481","url":null,"abstract":"Devices for cryogenic cooling based on the Stirling cycle include pulse tube refrigerators. They are often employed in a variety of applications, including space exploration, superconductivity, and cryogenic research, where small and dependable cryogenic cooling is necessary. A working gas, commonly helium, is compressed and expanded in cycles within a closed system to operate a pulse tube refrigerator. The goal of theoretical research on pulse tube refrigerators is to comprehend the system's thermodynamic behavior and performance characteristics. In order to obtain greater cooling efficiency and lower temperatures, these studies are strivinge to improve the design parameters and operating conditions. To forecast the system's performance, theoretical models are taking into account a number of variables, including heat transfer, pressure drop, gas dynamics, and fluid characteristics. The outcome demonstrates how a system's temperature gradient. The ansys program was used to conduct a thermal simulation, as well use solidworks to draw geometry design the temperature gradient is 3 W/m2, reaching 47 K. The heat load increases as the temperature rises, reaching [43,58,79,90,111,156,] K at [3,4,5,6,8,10] W/m2. With a temperature gradient of 88.034k in the first order and 340 k in the second order, the simulation approach demonstrates that the best scenario achieved 105 K. The best example with a difference in heat load was at 3 W/m2, reaching 108K, Results revealed a 5% error rate temperature decline at the pulse tube.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138615798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.446
Saja F. Rewaeh, H. Gzar, Marwaa K. Azeez
This study goals to reduce the importance of expensive commercial activated carbon while removing heavy metals from wastewater using cheap, locally available materials (rice husk). To accomplish this goal, a variety of pH values were tested, and it was found that batch studies at pH 5 had the best Cadmium ion removal effectiveness. 180 minutes was determined to be the ideal contact time for the process, and it was discovered that as contact time increased, adsorption effectiveness increased. 180 rpm is the recommended shaking speed, given studies on how agitation speed influences batch adsorption. The effectiveness of the rice husks capacity to eradicate Cadmium Cd (II) from aqueous solutions and absorb it, has assessed. The study revealed that Cd had a 98% effectiveness of removal. The recommended adsorbent's maximum Cd adsorption capability in a batch system was found to be 7.38 mg/g. Three models— Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir—were fitted to various equilibrium isothermal experiments. For this system, the experimental best fit was provided by the Freundlich isotherm model, with an value of 0.97. The equilibrium isotherms were discovered to be of a favorable type. When the correlation coefficient (R2) values of each curve for the four models are compared, it appears that the Elovich model best captures the kinetics of the Cadmium ions adsorption onto rice husk. Were the values (Elovich> pseudo-second order> intra-particle diffusion> Pseudo-First Order). According to the research, rice husk may be useful for filtering out wastewater from contaminants and impurities. So, It is a good alternative for expensive activated carbon.
{"title":"As an Application of Sustainability: Utilizing Processed Rice Husk to Remove Cadmium Ions Cd (II) From Aqueous Phase by Adsorption","authors":"Saja F. Rewaeh, H. Gzar, Marwaa K. Azeez","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.446","url":null,"abstract":"This study goals to reduce the importance of expensive commercial activated carbon while removing heavy metals from wastewater using cheap, locally available materials (rice husk). To accomplish this goal, a variety of pH values were tested, and it was found that batch studies at pH 5 had the best Cadmium ion removal effectiveness. 180 minutes was determined to be the ideal contact time for the process, and it was discovered that as contact time increased, adsorption effectiveness increased. 180 rpm is the recommended shaking speed, given studies on how agitation speed influences batch adsorption. The effectiveness of the rice husks capacity to eradicate Cadmium Cd (II) from aqueous solutions and absorb it, has assessed. The study revealed that Cd had a 98% effectiveness of removal. The recommended adsorbent's maximum Cd adsorption capability in a batch system was found to be 7.38 mg/g. Three models— Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir—were fitted to various equilibrium isothermal experiments. For this system, the experimental best fit was provided by the Freundlich isotherm model, with an value of 0.97. The equilibrium isotherms were discovered to be of a favorable type. When the correlation coefficient (R2) values of each curve for the four models are compared, it appears that the Elovich model best captures the kinetics of the Cadmium ions adsorption onto rice husk. Were the values (Elovich> pseudo-second order> intra-particle diffusion> Pseudo-First Order). According to the research, rice husk may be useful for filtering out wastewater from contaminants and impurities. So, It is a good alternative for expensive activated carbon.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138619851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.463
Abbas S.K. Al-Tamimi, Basim K. J. Al-Shammari
Abstract In cellular networks, there are usually times when the density of the network changes at different times of the day, where congested areas attract a large demand for communications and data, which generates peak demand at specific times of the day, and vice versa also happens in the same area but at another time of the day, and in order to meet the needs of this changing demand the network must keep pace with changes in the density of the areas served. This can only be done if the network has a dynamic ability to handle the change in traffic density and demand intensity, which requires turning on/off a certain number of Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) that represent the Radio Frequency (RF) front end of the mobile network. For the purpose of providing a reliable and acceptable telecommunications service to users and financially useful to network operators by rationing energy consumption and meeting the required needs, dynamic 5G networks can do this by relying on a Dynamic Cloud Radio Access Network (DC-RAN) that enables them to respond to demand variables by shifting several types of coverage cells into a single serviced area and stopping them when needed.
{"title":"DC-RAN dynamic coverage methods to improve its performance","authors":"Abbas S.K. Al-Tamimi, Basim K. J. Al-Shammari","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.463","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000In cellular networks, there are usually times when the density of the network changes at different times of the day, where congested areas attract a large demand for communications and data, which generates peak demand at specific times of the day, and vice versa also happens in the same area but at another time of the day, and in order to meet the needs of this changing demand the network must keep pace with changes in the density of the areas served. This can only be done if the network has a dynamic ability to handle the change in traffic density and demand intensity, which requires turning on/off a certain number of Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) that represent the Radio Frequency (RF) front end of the mobile network. For the purpose of providing a reliable and acceptable telecommunications service to users and financially useful to network operators by rationing energy consumption and meeting the required needs, dynamic 5G networks can do this by relying on a Dynamic Cloud Radio Access Network (DC-RAN) that enables them to respond to demand variables by shifting several types of coverage cells into a single serviced area and stopping them when needed.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.471
Oras F Kadhem, T. Jamel, H. Khazaal, .لألااتلا ىلً
Filter bank multi-carrier offset-quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC OQAM) is a hot topic in 5G multi-carrier research. In order to achieve high data rates and reliable wireless communication, receiver channel equalization is required. This is because of the equalizer's excellent spectral efficiency, exceptionally low side-lobe leakage, zero periodic cyclic prefixes (CP), and multiphase filter design. However, a number of degradations, including fading, Doppler shifts, and intermittent symbol interference (ISI), are added to the transmitted data symbols as they traverse the wireless channel, reducing the network's overall quality. To mitigate the negative effects of channel defects, many channel equalization algorithms have been developed for use in modern telecommunications networks. Six different equalizer approaches have been implemented. Using the Pedestrian A and Vehicular B channel in our simulations, we examine how well they function. The system was simulated using MATLAB's Communications Toolbox (an M file). Bit-error-rate (BER) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were used to evaluate the outcomes. The Bit error rate was calculated by checking for differences between the sent and received bit sequences. The best value of the bit error ratio using frequency domain equalization and the time domain equalization 5.4 and 4.7 , respectively.
{"title":"Equalization methods for Filter Bank Multicarrier OQAM","authors":"Oras F Kadhem, T. Jamel, H. Khazaal, .لألااتلا ىلً","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.471","url":null,"abstract":"Filter bank multi-carrier offset-quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC OQAM) is a hot topic in 5G multi-carrier research. In order to achieve high data rates and reliable wireless communication, receiver channel equalization is required. This is because of the equalizer's excellent spectral efficiency, exceptionally low side-lobe leakage, zero periodic cyclic prefixes (CP), and multiphase filter design. However, a number of degradations, including fading, Doppler shifts, and intermittent symbol interference (ISI), are added to the transmitted data symbols as they traverse the wireless channel, reducing the network's overall quality. To mitigate the negative effects of channel defects, many channel equalization algorithms have been developed for use in modern telecommunications networks. Six different equalizer approaches have been implemented. Using the Pedestrian A and Vehicular B channel in our simulations, we examine how well they function. The system was simulated using MATLAB's Communications Toolbox (an M file). Bit-error-rate (BER) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were used to evaluate the outcomes. The Bit error rate was calculated by checking for differences between the sent and received bit sequences. The best value of the bit error ratio using frequency domain equalization and the time domain equalization 5.4 and 4.7 , respectively.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"103 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138623198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.459
Mohammed Q. Abbas, Ali N. Hilo, T. S. Al-Gasham
Significant volumes of non-biodegradable solid waste are related to industrial activity in Iraq, with waste plastic being one of the most notable. 24 samples were used in this study to test the effectiveness of recycling waste plastic to make concrete. Four different ratios of waste plastic from both green and conventional concrete were used as a partial replacement for gravel: 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100%. All of the concrete combinations were tested at room temperature. These tests include compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The compressive strength was determined by molding 36 cubes. In this study, concrete mixes were cured for 3, 7, and 28 days. The apparatus created in the Construction Laboratory of the Civil Engineering department at Wasit University was used to measure the rate of concrete erosion by directing a high-velocity jet of a water and sand combination at concrete samples. A determination was also made on the impact of the impingement angle. Using two distinct angles (45 and 90) with the horizon, experimental estimations were performed. The results of the experimental studies showed that the flow inclination angle of 45 with the horizon can achieve the highest rate of erosion, while the flow inclination angle of 90 with the horizon can achieve the lowest rate. Additionally, the results showed that erosion decreased as the plastic percentage increased with age. This study confirms that recycling waste plastic as a gravel substitute in concrete offers a promising solution to lower material costs and address some of the issues with solid waste that plastic presents.
{"title":"Comparing The Abrasion Resistance of Conventional Concrete and Green Concrete Samples","authors":"Mohammed Q. Abbas, Ali N. Hilo, T. S. Al-Gasham","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.459","url":null,"abstract":"Significant volumes of non-biodegradable solid waste are related to industrial activity in Iraq, with waste plastic being one of the most notable. 24 samples were used in this study to test the effectiveness of recycling waste plastic to make concrete. Four different ratios of waste plastic from both green and conventional concrete were used as a partial replacement for gravel: 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100%. All of the concrete combinations were tested at room temperature. These tests include compressive strength and abrasion resistance. The compressive strength was determined by molding 36 cubes. In this study, concrete mixes were cured for 3, 7, and 28 days. The apparatus created in the Construction Laboratory of the Civil Engineering department at Wasit University was used to measure the rate of concrete erosion by directing a high-velocity jet of a water and sand combination at concrete samples. A determination was also made on the impact of the impingement angle. Using two distinct angles (45 and 90) with the horizon, experimental estimations were performed. The results of the experimental studies showed that the flow inclination angle of 45 with the horizon can achieve the highest rate of erosion, while the flow inclination angle of 90 with the horizon can achieve the lowest rate. Additionally, the results showed that erosion decreased as the plastic percentage increased with age. This study confirms that recycling waste plastic as a gravel substitute in concrete offers a promising solution to lower material costs and address some of the issues with solid waste that plastic presents.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.472
Safaa A. Saleh, Z. K. Kadhim, K. Khalaf
In current work, CFD simulation of "shell and helical coil heat exchanger" has been done using ANSYS FLUENT package 19.2. Numerical study involved design of helical tube with different curvature ratio (di/Dc) 0.166, 0.153, and 0.142 and different coil pitch (30, 50, 75, and 100) mm has been chosen to study the effect of curvature ratio and coil pitch. In shell side cold fluid (oil) "flow rate" is varying from (0.06 - 0.1) kg/s and hot fluid (air) velocity ranges are from (20 to 48) m/s in helical tube with inlet temperature (200, 225, 250) °C. It has been found out that increasing "oil mass flow rate" from (0.06-0.1) kg/s cause decreasing "oil outlet temperature" about 3% and increasing "heat transfer rate", with percentage 37%. From numerical results the curvature ratio 0.142 gives higher heat transfer rate and oil outlet temperature while higher Dean number and Nusselt number in coil with curvature ratio 0.166. Also, results show increases of coil pitch led to increasing in overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of the shell side. while, heat transfer, oil outlet temperature effectiveness and pressure drop, decreases along the coil with increasing coil pitch.
{"title":"CFD simulation of helical coil heat exchanger with Different coil pitch to heating heavy fuel oil","authors":"Safaa A. Saleh, Z. K. Kadhim, K. Khalaf","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss3.472","url":null,"abstract":"In current work, CFD simulation of \"shell and helical coil heat exchanger\" has been done using ANSYS FLUENT package 19.2. Numerical study involved design of helical tube with different curvature ratio (di/Dc) 0.166, 0.153, and 0.142 and different coil pitch (30, 50, 75, and 100) mm has been chosen to study the effect of curvature ratio and coil pitch. In shell side cold fluid (oil) \"flow rate\" is varying from (0.06 - 0.1) kg/s and hot fluid (air) velocity ranges are from (20 to 48) m/s in helical tube with inlet temperature (200, 225, 250) °C. It has been found out that increasing \"oil mass flow rate\" from (0.06-0.1) kg/s cause decreasing \"oil outlet temperature\" about 3% and increasing \"heat transfer rate\", with percentage 37%. From numerical results the curvature ratio 0.142 gives higher heat transfer rate and oil outlet temperature while higher Dean number and Nusselt number in coil with curvature ratio 0.166. Also, results show increases of coil pitch led to increasing in overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of the shell side. while, heat transfer, oil outlet temperature effectiveness and pressure drop, decreases along the coil with increasing coil pitch.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138621755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss2.438
Samaa Hussein, M. Shamkhi
Depending on the discharge and the stepped weir's dimensions, flow over a stepped weir can be primarily divided into three different flow regimes: nappe, transition, and skimming. The different properties for each flow regime make the decision of the flow regime an important component in the design of a stepped weir. Five stepped weir models have been used in experiments to determine the flow regime limits for these weirs. The models were made with various numbers of steps (3, 5, 7, 10, and 14) and downstream slope angle of 30˚. The configurations of steps that tested were flat step, fully pooled step, and zig zag pooled step . The results showed the end sills have a large impact on the type of flow regime. Based on the experimental data for flow regimes (nappe flow , transition flow and skimming flow ), a new set of empirical equations was proposed, with a determination coefficient〖 R〗^2 for these regimes (0.87, 0.71 ,0.7 ) respectively.
{"title":"Experimental Study of Flow Regimes of Stepped Weir","authors":"Samaa Hussein, M. Shamkhi","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss2.438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss2.438","url":null,"abstract":"Depending on the discharge and the stepped weir's dimensions, flow over a stepped weir can be primarily divided into three different flow regimes: nappe, transition, and skimming. The different properties for each flow regime make the decision of the flow regime an important component in the design of a stepped weir. Five stepped weir models have been used in experiments to determine the flow regime limits for these weirs. The models were made with various numbers of steps (3, 5, 7, 10, and 14) and downstream slope angle of 30˚. The configurations of steps that tested were flat step, fully pooled step, and zig zag pooled step . The results showed the end sills have a large impact on the type of flow regime. Based on the experimental data for flow regimes (nappe flow , transition flow and skimming flow ), a new set of empirical equations was proposed, with a determination coefficient〖 R〗^2 for these regimes (0.87, 0.71 ,0.7 ) respectively.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss2.441
1dalal9 Kareem, Abbas J. Jubear, Hussain R. Al-Bugharbee
Portable generators are now widely used in shops, offices, and homes to provide electrical power during power outages in Iraq. However, these generators produce a lot of noise emitted from rotating mechanical parts and fuel combustion inside engine chamber. This noise has a negative impact on the neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive systems. The reduction of generator noise still attracts the interest of many researchers. In this work, the reduction of generator noise under the use of an acoustic enclosure, made from local materials, is investigated experimentally. Experimental work is conducted using a 2kW generator and compares the sound intensity for two cases: a generator without enclosure and one with enclosure. The enclosure is made from plywood, galvanized sheet, glass wool, cork, and a compressed sponge. The results include the measurement of sound intensity at day and night, at zero to full load, and at two different distances. The findings depicted that generator noise reduction reaches 10.3 dB at night and 9.6 dB during the day. In addition, the engine temperature, in case of using the enclosure, is kept within the allowable range of air-cooled generators which is 300 °C. The maximum temperature at 100% load measured inside the enclosure was 77.86 °C during the night time and 91.75 °C at day time.
{"title":"An experimental study of noise reduction of portable generator using local made acoustic enclosure","authors":"1dalal9 Kareem, Abbas J. Jubear, Hussain R. Al-Bugharbee","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss2.441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss2.441","url":null,"abstract":"Portable generators are now widely used in shops, offices, and homes to provide electrical power during power outages in Iraq. However, these generators produce a lot of noise emitted from rotating mechanical parts and fuel combustion inside engine chamber. This noise has a negative impact on the neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive systems. The reduction of generator noise still attracts the interest of many researchers. In this work, the reduction of generator noise under the use of an acoustic enclosure, made from local materials, is investigated experimentally. Experimental work is conducted using a 2kW generator and compares the sound intensity for two cases: a generator without enclosure and one with enclosure. The enclosure is made from plywood, galvanized sheet, glass wool, cork, and a compressed sponge. The results include the measurement of sound intensity at day and night, at zero to full load, and at two different distances. The findings depicted that generator noise reduction reaches 10.3 dB at night and 9.6 dB during the day. In addition, the engine temperature, in case of using the enclosure, is kept within the allowable range of air-cooled generators which is 300 °C. The maximum temperature at 100% load measured inside the enclosure was 77.86 °C during the night time and 91.75 °C at day time.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss2.393
Mohammed Satar, Basim Alshammari, H. Jasim
In this study, we made a simple, low-cost algorithm for tracking eye movements and eye blinks in real-time and non-real-time. Several methods are being used right now. Show parts of the face, like the eyes or the whole face. For this reason, open-source libraries like OpenCV enable high-level programming to implement reliable and accurate detection algorithms like Haar Cascade. Since everything is processed in real-time, payment must be made quickly. Pay attention to how hardware, like a computer, can only use a certain amount of resources (processing power). The system has been proven to work by tests with 15 people of different ages and backgrounds. These tests are done to see how the user and the device work together and ensure everything works correctly. The In the tests done, the system worked between 80% and 100% of the time. The results showed that Haar Cascade had a significant effect by Detection of faces in 100% of cases, while the eyes and pupil where they overlap (light and shade) is less effective. In addition to looking at how well the Through these activities, the demo application also showed that user restrictions shouldn't stop people from enjoying and using a certain type of technology. The program was written in C++, and the OpenCV library makes it work on Windows. This system has many uses in the real world and science. By looking at the data from this algorithm from afar, for example, it can tell if someone has an eye disease or is tired. It can also help people who have physical or mental problems
在这项研究中，我们制作了一种简单、低成本的算法，用于实时和非实时跟踪眼球运动和眨眼。目前有几种方法正在使用。显示面部的一部分，如眼睛或整个面部。因此，像 OpenCV 这样的开源库可以通过高级编程来实现可靠、准确的检测算法，如 Haar Cascade。由于一切都是实时处理的，因此必须快速付款。注意硬件（如计算机）只能使用一定量的资源（处理能力）。通过对 15 位不同年龄和背景的人进行测试，证明了该系统的有效性。这些测试的目的是了解用户和设备如何协同工作，确保一切运行正常。在所做的测试中，系统的工作时间在 80% 到 100% 之间。结果显示，Haar Cascade 在 100% 的情况下对人脸的检测效果显著，而对眼睛和瞳孔重叠处（明暗）的检测效果较差。除了观察通过这些活动的效果，该演示程序还表明，用户限制不应该阻止人们享受和使用某类技术。该程序是用 C++ 编写的，OpenCV 库使其可以在 Windows 上运行。这个系统在现实世界和科学领域有很多用途。例如，通过从远处观察该算法的数据，它可以判断出某人是否患有眼疾或是否感到疲倦。它还可以帮助有身体或精神问题的人
{"title":"Eye Movement Tracking Using Opencv Python","authors":"Mohammed Satar, Basim Alshammari, H. Jasim","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss2.393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss2.393","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we made a simple, low-cost algorithm for tracking eye movements and eye blinks in real-time and non-real-time. Several methods are being used right now. Show parts of the face, like the eyes or the whole face. For this reason, open-source libraries like OpenCV enable high-level programming to implement reliable and accurate detection algorithms like Haar Cascade. Since everything is processed in real-time, payment must be made quickly. Pay attention to how hardware, like a computer, can only use a certain amount of resources (processing power). The system has been proven to work by tests with 15 people of different ages and backgrounds. These tests are done to see how the user and the device work together and ensure everything works correctly. The In the tests done, the system worked between 80% and 100% of the time. The results showed that Haar Cascade had a significant effect by Detection of faces in 100% of cases, while the eyes and pupil where they overlap (light and shade) is less effective. In addition to looking at how well the Through these activities, the demo application also showed that user restrictions shouldn't stop people from enjoying and using a certain type of technology. The program was written in C++, and the OpenCV library makes it work on Windows. This system has many uses in the real world and science. By looking at the data from this algorithm from afar, for example, it can tell if someone has an eye disease or is tired. It can also help people who have physical or mental problems","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-09DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss2.404
Sarah J. Mohammed, S. Zubaidi
Accurate water level (WL) prediction is essential for the efficient management of various water resource projects. The creation of a reliable model for WL forecasting is still a difficult task in water resource management. This study applies an artificial neural network (ANN) integrated with the particle swarm optimisation algorithm (PSO-ANN) for simulating monthly WL of the Tigris River in Alkut City, Iraq. Data pre-treatment methods are utilised for improving raw data quality and detect the optimal predictors. Monthly WL and climatic variables from 2011 to 2020, were used to construct and validate the proposed technique. The results showed that singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is a high-performance technique for denoising time series. The PSO-ANN model produces good results coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.85.
{"title":"Hybridisation of artificial neural network with particle swarm optimisation for water level prediction","authors":"Sarah J. Mohammed, S. Zubaidi","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss2.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol11.iss2.404","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate water level (WL) prediction is essential for the efficient management of various water resource projects. The creation of a reliable model for WL forecasting is still a difficult task in water resource management. This study applies an artificial neural network (ANN) integrated with the particle swarm optimisation algorithm (PSO-ANN) for simulating monthly WL of the Tigris River in Alkut City, Iraq. Data pre-treatment methods are utilised for improving raw data quality and detect the optimal predictors. Monthly WL and climatic variables from 2011 to 2020, were used to construct and validate the proposed technique. The results showed that singular spectrum analysis (SSA) is a high-performance technique for denoising time series. The PSO-ANN model produces good results coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.85.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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