Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.313
Dhae Hussain, Ali A. F. Al-Hamadani, Huda Ridha
From low-grade heat sources, the organic Rankine cycle may be exploited to create power. The thermal efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle is affected by the value of the lowest cycle temperature, which is the condensation temperature. This study looks at the effect of condensation temperature on the efficiency of energy systems that use organic Rankine cycles. At a condensing temperature of 10–20 °C, the ORC thermal efficiency is calculated. R134a working fluid was used in the study. The expander's power output was boosted to 0.09765 kW by decreasing the condensing temperature. Additionally, the thermal efficiency has been enhanced by 3.826 %. At a minimum temperature of 10 °C, the expander speed at 595 rpm. Exergy efficiency has an 18.26 %. is shown that lowering the condensing temperature increased the ORC system's thermal efficiency and energy output.
{"title":"The Influence of Condenser Temperature on the Energy and Exergy Efficiencies of the ORC","authors":"Dhae Hussain, Ali A. F. Al-Hamadani, Huda Ridha","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.313","url":null,"abstract":"From low-grade heat sources, the organic Rankine cycle may be exploited to create power. The thermal efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle is affected by the value of the lowest cycle temperature, which is the condensation temperature. This study looks at the effect of condensation temperature on the efficiency of energy systems that use organic Rankine cycles. At a condensing temperature of 10–20 °C, the ORC thermal efficiency is calculated. R134a working fluid was used in the study. The expander's power output was boosted to 0.09765 kW by decreasing the condensing temperature. Additionally, the thermal efficiency has been enhanced by 3.826 %. At a minimum temperature of 10 °C, the expander speed at 595 rpm. Exergy efficiency has an 18.26 %. is shown that lowering the condensing temperature increased the ORC system's thermal efficiency and energy output.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125715864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.355
A. Darweesh, Zina K. Kadhim
Solar power, thermal storage facilities, reactor cooling and microelectronic devices are all examples of renewable energy use natural convection heat transfer from a heated supplier to a chilly environment or enclosure. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of porous media on the convective heat transfer coefficient and the modified Rayleigh number as a function of the cavity's aspect ratio. This study investigated the free convective 3D flow then heat transmission in a cavity that has a width of 20 cm in width, a depth of 2.7 cm in depth, and varying heights of 20, 25 and 30 cm. The cavity has an anisotropic fluid-filled porous wavy enclosure with steady-state incompressible flow. The bottom surface radiates heat with a steady heat flux. (300, 500, 700, 900, 1100 W/m²), while the top is exposed to the environment at 25 C˚ (h=25 W/m²) and other walls are adiabatic. Rayleigh’s number range (3.13* to 2.61* ) (1.9* ), aspect ratio (As=1,1.25,1.5), porosity (ɛ=0.36), permeability (k=7.593* m²), amplitude (a=1.5 cm). The findings indicate that increasing the heat flow alters the temperature profile. progressively increases the pressure and velocity. The highest value for the heat transfer coefficient and modified Rayleigh No. was obtained when the aspect ratio was 1.
{"title":"Effect of aspect ratio of a corrugated cavity filled with porous media on the coefficient of heat transfer.","authors":"A. Darweesh, Zina K. Kadhim","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.355","url":null,"abstract":"Solar power, thermal storage facilities, reactor cooling and microelectronic devices are all examples of renewable energy use natural convection heat transfer from a heated supplier to a chilly environment or enclosure. The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of porous media on the convective heat transfer coefficient and the modified Rayleigh number as a function of the cavity's aspect ratio. This study investigated the free convective 3D flow then heat transmission in a cavity that has a width of 20 cm in width, a depth of 2.7 cm in depth, and varying heights of 20, 25 and 30 cm. The cavity has an anisotropic fluid-filled porous wavy enclosure with steady-state incompressible flow. The bottom surface radiates heat with a steady heat flux. (300, 500, 700, 900, 1100 W/m²), while the top is exposed to the environment at 25 C˚ (h=25 W/m²) and other walls are adiabatic. Rayleigh’s number range (3.13* to 2.61* ) (1.9* ), aspect ratio (As=1,1.25,1.5), porosity (ɛ=0.36), permeability (k=7.593* m²), amplitude (a=1.5 cm). The findings indicate that increasing the heat flow alters the temperature profile. progressively increases the pressure and velocity. The highest value for the heat transfer coefficient and modified Rayleigh No. was obtained when the aspect ratio was 1.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121870676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.352
Hassanein Riyadh Mahmood, Manaf K. Hussein, Riyadh A. Abedraba
The use of bio-signal is very crucial, providing enormous information concerning health and well-being of the individual. such signals can be measured and monitored by specialized devices to each bio-signal, for instance, the electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyography (EMG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and electrooculogram (EOG). Due to use of such devices, these signals could be utilized for several objectives. As it is observed in the devices of medical detection and Human to Machine Interactions (HCI). This paper presents a low-cost bio-signal collection device which is having the ability to record ECG, EMG, and EOG signals. Furthermore, STM32F103C8 system is used in Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC), with its particular application. An application has been developed in order to allow admins to observe and save the data signal simultaneously. This application has been developed by using C++ programming language and MATLAB’s code. The data signal is recorded in a format of mat file, which can be studied in details in the proposed system. This system is capitalized on Universal Serial Bus (USB) wired communication link, which is used to transmit the bio-signal through, that guarantees the safety ,avoid noise and interference. The system shows its compatiblity with various operating systems, such as, Windows, Linux, and Mac.
生物信号的使用是非常重要的，它提供了有关个人健康和福祉的大量信息。这些信号可以通过专门的设备来测量和监测每个生物信号，例如，心电图(ECG)、肌电图(EMG)、脑电图(EEG)和眼电图(EOG)。由于使用这种装置，这些信号可用于若干目的。正如在医疗检测设备和人机交互(HCI)中所观察到的那样。本文介绍了一种低成本的生物信号采集装置，能够记录心电、肌电和眼电信号。此外，STM32F103C8系统用于模数转换(ADC)，具有特殊的应用。为了使管理员能够同时观察和保存数据信号，开发了一个应用程序。本应用程序是用c++编程语言和MATLAB编写的。数据信号以mat文件的形式记录，在本系统中可以对其进行详细的研究。本系统采用USB (Universal Serial Bus，通用串行总线)有线通信链路，通过USB传输生物信号，保证了系统的安全性，避免了噪声和干扰。系统支持Windows、Linux、Mac等多种操作系统。
{"title":"Development of Low-Cost Biosignal Acquisition System for ECG, EMG, and EOG","authors":"Hassanein Riyadh Mahmood, Manaf K. Hussein, Riyadh A. Abedraba","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.352","url":null,"abstract":"The use of bio-signal is very crucial, providing enormous information concerning health and well-being of the individual. such signals can be measured and monitored by specialized devices to each bio-signal, for instance, the electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyography (EMG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and electrooculogram (EOG). Due to use of such devices, these signals could be utilized for several objectives. As it is observed in the devices of medical detection and Human to Machine Interactions (HCI). This paper presents a low-cost bio-signal collection device which is having the ability to record ECG, EMG, and EOG signals. Furthermore, STM32F103C8 system is used in Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC), with its particular application. An application has been developed in order to allow admins to observe and save the data signal simultaneously. This application has been developed by using C++ programming language and MATLAB’s code. The data signal is recorded in a format of mat file, which can be studied in details in the proposed system. This system is capitalized on Universal Serial Bus (USB) wired communication link, which is used to transmit the bio-signal through, that guarantees the safety ,avoid noise and interference. The system shows its compatiblity with various operating systems, such as, Windows, Linux, and Mac.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116847857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.356
S. Ali, A. J. Jaeel
Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers has increased nitrate concentrations in groundwater, which poses a health hazard from nitrate-contaminated drinking water and contributes to eutrophication. Nitrate removal from water systems has been carefully studied; However, new, low-cost solutions are urgently needed. Clay and terracotta minerals are commonly used in environmental applications due to their non-toxicity, global availability, low cost, and physical and chemical properties (ion-exchange capacity, high surface area, high adsorption, and catalytic properties). Although most are used to reduce cationic pollutants, depending on the method of modification or the materials with which they are mixed, they can be equally effective in removing anionic contamination. The goal of the study is to treat water containing excessive concentrations of nitrates to produce water of acceptable environmental specifications and to evaluate the performance of fired clay as a low-cost and environmentally friendly water treatment material.
{"title":"Nitrate adsorption by fired clay in fixed bed column","authors":"S. Ali, A. J. Jaeel","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.356","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers has increased nitrate concentrations in groundwater, which poses a health hazard from nitrate-contaminated drinking water and contributes to eutrophication. Nitrate removal from water systems has been carefully studied; However, new, low-cost solutions are urgently needed. Clay and terracotta minerals are commonly used in environmental applications due to their non-toxicity, global availability, low cost, and physical and chemical properties (ion-exchange capacity, high surface area, high adsorption, and catalytic properties). Although most are used to reduce cationic pollutants, depending on the method of modification or the materials with which they are mixed, they can be equally effective in removing anionic contamination. The goal of the study is to treat water containing excessive concentrations of nitrates to produce water of acceptable environmental specifications and to evaluate the performance of fired clay as a low-cost and environmentally friendly water treatment material.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"74 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120925144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.324
Noor Suhail Najm, Hadi O.Basher, Mohammed D.Salman
Researchers in heat transfer are paying close attention to nanofluids because of their potential as high-performance thermal transport media. In light of natural convection's enormous significance, the addition of nanoparticles significantly enhances the thermophysical properties of the nanofluids compared to the base fluid. In this study, numerical work was used to evaluate the influence of CuO nanoparticles on natural convection with the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow in a square cavity. The hollow's left and right vertical walls were maintained at different temperatures, and the top and bottom walls of the cavity were each insulated. This numerical study applied a horizontal magnetic field with uniform strength. Results were obtained for a variety of Hartmann numbers ranging from 0–300, Rayleigh numbers going from 2.76E+8 to 6.89E+8, and solid volume fractions ranging from 0 to 1.5%. Results showed that the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number values decreased with the increase in the values of the Hartmann number, except for the heat transfer coefficients at Ha=100 and 150 were larger than the heat transfer coefficients at Ha= 0. The maximum heat transfer coefficient enhancement was 40.8% at 1.5% volume concentration of CuO nanoparticles, Ra= 6.7E+8 and Ha=100 compared to water at Ha=0. The maximum enhancement of the Nusselt number was found to be 28.5% at a 1.5% volume concentration of CuO nanoparticles Ra= 6.7E+8 and Ha=100 compared to water at Ha=0. At a 1.5% volume concentration of CuO nanoparticles, Ra= 6.7E+8 and Ha=100, the increase in the heat transfer coefficient was 56 %, and the rise in the Nusselt number was 43 % compared to water at Ha=100.
{"title":"Enhancement of Natural Convection Heat Transfer Using Magnetic Nanofluid in a Square Cavity","authors":"Noor Suhail Najm, Hadi O.Basher, Mohammed D.Salman","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.324","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers in heat transfer are paying close attention to nanofluids because of their potential as high-performance thermal transport media. In light of natural convection's enormous significance, the addition of nanoparticles significantly enhances the thermophysical properties of the nanofluids compared to the base fluid. In this study, numerical work was used to evaluate the influence of CuO nanoparticles on natural convection with the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow in a square cavity. The hollow's left and right vertical walls were maintained at different temperatures, and the top and bottom walls of the cavity were each insulated. This numerical study applied a horizontal magnetic field with uniform strength. Results were obtained for a variety of Hartmann numbers ranging from 0–300, Rayleigh numbers going from 2.76E+8 to 6.89E+8, and solid volume fractions ranging from 0 to 1.5%. Results showed that the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number values decreased with the increase in the values of the Hartmann number, except for the heat transfer coefficients at Ha=100 and 150 were larger than the heat transfer coefficients at Ha= 0. The maximum heat transfer coefficient enhancement was 40.8% at 1.5% volume concentration of CuO nanoparticles, Ra= 6.7E+8 and Ha=100 compared to water at Ha=0. The maximum enhancement of the Nusselt number was found to be 28.5% at a 1.5% volume concentration of CuO nanoparticles Ra= 6.7E+8 and Ha=100 compared to water at Ha=0. At a 1.5% volume concentration of CuO nanoparticles, Ra= 6.7E+8 and Ha=100, the increase in the heat transfer coefficient was 56 %, and the rise in the Nusselt number was 43 % compared to water at Ha=100.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129801322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.400
Ruaa A. Talib, M. Shamkhi
Climate change could affect the world's water resources system, especially at the level of the basin. Climate change would impact streamflow and corresponding future water resources. The lower basin of the Diyala River is currently experiencing water shortage and contamination issues. This study aims to use Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) model to create an integrated modeling system for evaluating the effects of climate change on water supply and demand within the lower Diyala River basin. The WEAP model was calibrated and verified employing monthly streamflow data from the Diyala River outflow station. Following that, the calibrated model was loaded with various future scenarios ranging from 2020-2045. Future scenarios used included the reference scenario, the high population growth rate scenario, and the climate change scenario. The results indicated that the WEAP model accurately predicted the basin's water supply and demand, with RMSE, NSE, and R² values of 0.85, 0.91, and 0.867, respectively, throughout the validation period. Furthermore, Water demand and supply were found to be unmet in all projected future scenarios, showing that sustainable water management in the lower basin of the Diyala River is highly required.
气候变化可能影响世界水资源系统，特别是在流域层面。气候变化将影响河流流量和相应的未来水资源。迪亚拉河下游流域目前正面临缺水和污染问题。本研究旨在利用水资源评价与规划(Water Evaluation And Planning, WEAP)模型，建立气候变化对迪亚拉河下游流域水资源供需影响的综合建模系统。WEAP模型采用迪亚拉河出水站的月流量数据进行了标定和验证。随后，校准后的模型加载了2020-2045年的各种未来情景。所使用的未来情景包括参考情景、高人口增长率情景和气候变化情景。结果表明，WEAP模型对流域供水量和需水量的预测精度较高，验证期内RMSE、NSE和R²值分别为0.85、0.91和0.867。此外，在所有预测的未来情景中，水的需求和供应都无法满足，这表明迪亚拉河下游流域非常需要可持续的水管理。
{"title":"Impact of Climate Change on Integrated Management of Water Resources in The lower Basin of Diyala River, Iraq","authors":"Ruaa A. Talib, M. Shamkhi","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.400","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change could affect the world's water resources system, especially at the level of the basin. Climate change would impact streamflow and corresponding future water resources. The lower basin of the Diyala River is currently experiencing water shortage and contamination issues. This study aims to use Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) model to create an integrated modeling system for evaluating the effects of climate change on water supply and demand within the lower Diyala River basin. The WEAP model was calibrated and verified employing monthly streamflow data from the Diyala River outflow station. Following that, the calibrated model was loaded with various future scenarios ranging from 2020-2045. Future scenarios used included the reference scenario, the high population growth rate scenario, and the climate change scenario. The results indicated that the WEAP model accurately predicted the basin's water supply and demand, with RMSE, NSE, and R² values of 0.85, 0.91, and 0.867, respectively, throughout the validation period. Furthermore, Water demand and supply were found to be unmet in all projected future scenarios, showing that sustainable water management in the lower basin of the Diyala River is highly required.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121100489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.370
Yasir Moh, Ali Jweid
Our water quality continues to be negatively impacted by human activities, this is a global problem of critical importance (particularly concerning fresh water and human consumption). Since the 1960s, the critical water quality index (WQI) technique has been used to assess the worldwide water quality state of surface water and groundwater systems. Plans for water resource management must consider extensive data and knowledge about the quality of available water. Water quality indicators are a straightforward technical method for evaluating the state of a river's water quality. In this approach, many water quality characteristics are examined and interpreted in research on river water quality. It can be considered the most important parts of monitoring plans for river quality. In this study, a monitoring plan is achieved for three different stations located on Tigris and branch rivers Al-Dujaili and Al-Gharraf in Wasit/ Kut during the study period for eight weeks from 1/3/2022 to 1/5/2022. Water quality assessment has been conducted using arithmetic quality indices of general water used for drinking and agricultural consumption. It is where the qualitative indices are turned into a single number with no units. Classifying water quality is done by comparing the values of the indices to a scale of ratings that have already been set up. In this study, It has been utilized the Water Quality Index. The following physical and chemical factors are used to determine the water quality index: pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), nitrate (NO3), sulphate (SO4), chloride (Cl), and phosphate (PO4). The results showed that each station had a low rating for the water quality index The average readings for the Tigris River were 187.44, Al-Dujaili 211.49 and Al-Gharaf 255.85, showing that Tigris River and its branches' water is seriously polluted for aquatic life due to the discharge of insufficiently treated wastewater from Kut's residential neighbourhoods.
{"title":"Assessment of Water Quality of Tigris River and branch in Alkut City by using Water Quality Index (WQIA)","authors":"Yasir Moh, Ali Jweid","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.370","url":null,"abstract":"Our water quality continues to be negatively impacted by human activities, this is a global problem of critical importance (particularly concerning fresh water and human consumption). Since the 1960s, the critical water quality index (WQI) technique has been used to assess the worldwide water quality state of surface water and groundwater systems. Plans for water resource management must consider extensive data and knowledge about the quality of available water. Water quality indicators are a straightforward technical method for evaluating the state of a river's water quality. In this approach, many water quality characteristics are examined and interpreted in research on river water quality. It can be considered the most important parts of monitoring plans for river quality. In this study, a monitoring plan is achieved for three different stations located on Tigris and branch rivers Al-Dujaili and Al-Gharraf in Wasit/ Kut during the study period for eight weeks from 1/3/2022 to 1/5/2022. Water quality assessment has been conducted using arithmetic quality indices of general water used for drinking and agricultural consumption. It is where the qualitative indices are turned into a single number with no units. Classifying water quality is done by comparing the values of the indices to a scale of ratings that have already been set up. In this study, It has been utilized the Water Quality Index. The following physical and chemical factors are used to determine the water quality index: pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), nitrate (NO3), sulphate (SO4), chloride (Cl), and phosphate (PO4). The results showed that each station had a low rating for the water quality index The average readings for the Tigris River were 187.44, Al-Dujaili 211.49 and Al-Gharaf 255.85, showing that Tigris River and its branches' water is seriously polluted for aquatic life due to the discharge of insufficiently treated wastewater from Kut's residential neighbourhoods.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114308362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.340
Nuha Al-obaidi, Hasan Fahad Khazaal, Riyadh A. Abbas
Bidirectional DC-DC converters allow power to be transferred in any direction between two electrical sources. These converters are increasingly employed in a variety of applications, including battery chargers and dischargers, energy storage devices, electrical vehicle motor drives, aircraft power systems, telecom power supplies, and others, due to their ability to reverse the direction of power flow. One of these basic types of bidirectional DC-DC converters is the SEPIC-ZETA converter. In this paper, the structure of this converter has been studied when MOSFET power switches are employed. Also, an electrical thermal analysis, which is based on the ambient temperature (between 25 °C and 40 °C), has been employed by using two MOSFET models (UJ3C065080K3S and SCT50N120). The study shows the effects of utilizing different MOSFET models on power losses and thermal analysis. According to the simulation results, the junction temperature of the MOSFET was 151.38 °C in the forwarding mode and for the first model (UJ3C065080K3S) at T = 40 °C, while the MOSFET junction temperature was 158.5 °C in the backward mode. In the second model (SCT50N120) and at the same T = 40°C, the MOSFET junction temperature exceeds 130.6°C in the forwarding mode. When the converter was operating in backward mode, its junction temperature was 128.7 °C. The bidirectional SEPIC-ZETA converter performs better in the second model of the MOSFET (SCT50N120).
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Bidirectional SEPIC-ZETA DC-DC Converter with Different Ambient Temperature","authors":"Nuha Al-obaidi, Hasan Fahad Khazaal, Riyadh A. Abbas","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.340","url":null,"abstract":"Bidirectional DC-DC converters allow power to be transferred in any direction between two electrical sources. These converters are increasingly employed in a variety of applications, including battery chargers and dischargers, energy storage devices, electrical vehicle motor drives, aircraft power systems, telecom power supplies, and others, due to their ability to reverse the direction of power flow. One of these basic types of bidirectional DC-DC converters is the SEPIC-ZETA converter. In this paper, the structure of this converter has been studied when MOSFET power switches are employed. Also, an electrical thermal analysis, which is based on the ambient temperature (between 25 °C and 40 °C), has been employed by using two MOSFET models (UJ3C065080K3S and SCT50N120). The study shows the effects of utilizing different MOSFET models on power losses and thermal analysis. According to the simulation results, the junction temperature of the MOSFET was 151.38 °C in the forwarding mode and for the first model (UJ3C065080K3S) at T = 40 °C, while the MOSFET junction temperature was 158.5 °C in the backward mode. In the second model (SCT50N120) and at the same T = 40°C, the MOSFET junction temperature exceeds 130.6°C in the forwarding mode. When the converter was operating in backward mode, its junction temperature was 128.7 °C. The bidirectional SEPIC-ZETA converter performs better in the second model of the MOSFET (SCT50N120).","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134591529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.320
Elaf Badr, Hatem A. Gzar
This paper presents Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) and Nanofiltration (NF) systems as alternative and effective approaches for treatment and reusing domestic sewage. The goal is to investigate the general performance of a membrane bioreactor and nanofilteration membrane ability to satisfy water reuse requirements using water quality index such as total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia (NH3). The findings show that the MBR system produces high-quality permeating water. TSS, COD and NH3 rejection rates were 99%, 90.3%, and 82.5% (on average). In addition, MBR technology is quite successful as a pre-NF treatment. We also evaluated how pressure and temperature affect the effectiveness of the NF membrane removal of TDS, COD, ammonia, and permeating flux. The results showed that the applied pressure has a favorable impact on the total removal rate; however, the feeding temperature has a negative impact. The feeding temperature, in addition to pressure, has a good influence on the flux of the NF system.
{"title":"Evaluating Laboratory Side-stream Membrane Bioreactor and Nanofiltration System for Treating Domestic Wastewater and Reuse","authors":"Elaf Badr, Hatem A. Gzar","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.320","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) and Nanofiltration (NF) systems as alternative and effective approaches for treatment and reusing domestic sewage. The goal is to investigate the general performance of a membrane bioreactor and nanofilteration membrane ability to satisfy water reuse requirements using water quality index such as total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia (NH3). The findings show that the MBR system produces high-quality permeating water. TSS, COD and NH3 rejection rates were 99%, 90.3%, and 82.5% (on average). In addition, MBR technology is quite successful as a pre-NF treatment. We also evaluated how pressure and temperature affect the effectiveness of the NF membrane removal of TDS, COD, ammonia, and permeating flux. The results showed that the applied pressure has a favorable impact on the total removal rate; however, the feeding temperature has a negative impact. The feeding temperature, in addition to pressure, has a good influence on the flux of the NF system.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125832589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.279
Rana A. Al-Zubaidy, Ali N. Hilo
Generally, open channel lateral intake structures are extensively used in the water and environmental projects. The passing flow at side intakes is mostly turbulence containing vertical and horizontal spiral currents causing sediment problems. The flow separation region in the intake channel is critical for sediment and water distribution during the diversion. It denotes a large reduction in the possible breadth of the lateral branch's incoming flow, as well as a place where sediment has collected, obstructing the deviated flow. This study aims to reduce and control sediment problems at the lateral intake by improving the flow pattern at this area using three-dimensional numerical models simulated in CFD, ANSYS Fluent software. The correctness of the three-dimensional numerical model was validated by a previous experimental study that showed good accuracy. Different discharge ratios and a range of shape designs were used to simulate the flow pattern at the intake channel junction. The findings demonstrated that the separation zone measurements minimize as the discharge ratio increases. Based on the changing the intake entrance shape results, cutting the outer boundary of the canal entrance widens the separation area, as well as an additional separation spot as the cutting size grows. In contrast with the internal chamfered angle models of the intake inlet, the separation area dimensions are reduced. The chamfered and rounded inner intake edge model with 30o angle to the main channel flow direction and the length of the chamfered side that normal to the flow direction (c value ) equal to three-quarters of the intake width was noticed to be the best design for lessening separation extent in this study. Thereby, the reduction ratio of the separation area width and length reaches in this case to 90% and 72%, respectively.
{"title":"Numerical Study of Sedimentation and Flow Pattern at the Open Channel Intake","authors":"Rana A. Al-Zubaidy, Ali N. Hilo","doi":"10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol10.iss3.279","url":null,"abstract":"Generally, open channel lateral intake structures are extensively used in the water and environmental projects. The passing flow at side intakes is mostly turbulence containing vertical and horizontal spiral currents causing sediment problems. The flow separation region in the intake channel is critical for sediment and water distribution during the diversion. It denotes a large reduction in the possible breadth of the lateral branch's incoming flow, as well as a place where sediment has collected, obstructing the deviated flow.\u0000This study aims to reduce and control sediment problems at the lateral intake by improving the flow pattern at this area using three-dimensional numerical models simulated in CFD, ANSYS Fluent software. The correctness of the three-dimensional numerical model was validated by a previous experimental study that showed good accuracy. Different discharge ratios and a range of shape designs were used to simulate the flow pattern at the intake channel junction. The findings demonstrated that the separation zone measurements minimize as the discharge ratio increases. Based on the changing the intake entrance shape results, cutting the outer boundary of the canal entrance widens the separation area, as well as an additional separation spot as the cutting size grows. In contrast with the internal chamfered angle models of the intake inlet, the separation area dimensions are reduced. The chamfered and rounded inner intake edge model with 30o angle to the main channel flow direction and the length of the chamfered side that normal to the flow direction (c value ) equal to three-quarters of the intake width was noticed to be the best design for lessening separation extent in this study. Thereby, the reduction ratio of the separation area width and length reaches in this case to 90% and 72%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":184256,"journal":{"name":"Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123837255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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