Meditsinskaia parazitologiia i parazitarnye bolezni最新文献

The conducted research allow to conclude that the most developed agricultural area of the Tyumen region with a population comprising of 14,1% of the rural population, is endemic for echinococcosis. The incidence has a pronounced tendencyto increase (Tgrowth=+5.7 percent). Installed a statistically significant difference in the incidence ofechinococ- cosis in two selected areas in endemic zones (7 rural and 3 urban) living in it 60,7% of the population of the Tyumen region; - risk groups in the incidence of echinococcosis are local villagers, containing farm animals and dogs; urban residents who regularly attend the nearby forest to gather berries and wild plants, persons working age, hunters with years of experi- ence; the risk of infection is June - September. The first place among agricultural animals as an intermediate the hosts of Echinococcus is a sheep, the second place - the cattle, the third place - pigs, the prevalence in endemic incidence of echinococcosis people area respectively in 5.6 times, 2.7 times and 3.8 times higher than in non-endemic areas with no registration morbidity people. The obtained results allow to recommend the measures to optimise epidemiological surveil- lance and parasitological monitoring of echinococcosis: a clearer and more coherent relationship and interaction between agencies, medical organizations, Rospotrebnadzor, Rosselkhoznadzor and Management ofhunting economy; the expan- sion of research on contamination ofthe environment by the hexacanth cyst on the territories of settlements and priusadeb- nyh plots (soil, bottom sediments, especially not having drains, water storage tanks); mass serological screening of the population, primarily in rural endemic areas, to determine the immune segment, risk groups among sex, age and profes- sional groups to assess the level of endemic diseases; clarify the ways and factors of transmission in specific conditions, it is important for the organization of effective prevention measures.

All over the world, much attention is given to the comprehensive studies of parasites and their induced diseases in order to devise effective methods for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of parasitic diseases. This review summarizes the information available in the literature on the epidemiology of clonorchiasis caused by the Chinese liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis, including global and regional risk factors for the infection and its transmission. The existing knowledge of this important, but far from the most studied zoonosis, the cause of severe human hepatobiliary diseases, is required for the success of future investigations of parasitic infections.

The tolerability and efficiency of specific chemotherapy with albendazole were analyzed in 18 patients with cystic echinococcosis at various sites. The most common complication of albendazole treatment was its hepatotoxic effect. Al- bendazole chemotherapy during at least its 3 cycles was observed to be highly effective in preventing recurrent echinococ- cosis in children. If there were small-sized hydatid cysts in the liver and lung, there was a reduction in their number and sizes after 4-5 albendazole treatment cycles.

The effective application of GIS against parasitic diseases requires the patterns of spread of parasitic diseases in certain natural, climatic, and socioeconomic conditions of different regions where there are epidemically effective carriers. The epidemiological parameters defining a high risk of an epidemiological process after P.vivax importation into Russia were calculated using the developed HealthMapper controlled module with a database. Analysis of the average long-term air temperatures in the administrative territories of Russia over 78 years, namely July, the warmest month of the year when there are the largest numbers of all types of mosquito vectors and high levels of microfilaria in the peripheral blood of in- fected dogs (definitive hosts), has shown that the northern border of the maximum possible area of dirofilariasis in Russia is most fully described by the +14C July isotherm.

The paper gives the results of experimental studies, as well as sanitary parasitological ones investigating meat and fish, which have been performed using manual microscopy and Mecos-C2 automated digital microscopy and scanning micro- scopy. It shows the effectiveness of automated versus manual microscopy in performing parasitological studies of foods and the possibility of rationalizing production labor. The investigation has been conducted to develop the reform of labora- tory services of the healthcare system in the Russian Federation and proposes to introduce a hardware technology into a group of mass methods for parasitological analyses in sanitary-epidemiological, veterinary and environmental areas.

To effectively control malaria, it is necessary to identify landscapes that are most favorable for its transmission. To achieve this goal, the authors developed landscape malariological zoning of Southern Uzbekistan as the most problematic area for malaria in the country. For landscape malariological zoning, the investigators applied the method developed by A.Ya.Lysenko et al. (1956), which allowed identification of different types of malariogenic landscapes, by using the existing scheme of physical and geographical zoning. The existing physical and geographical areas identified were assigned malariological characteristics, which permitted assessment of the landscapes of Southern Uzbekistan from the point of view of whether there is a risk of local malaria transmission. The zoning could identify 5 types of malariogenic landscapes. The most malariologically dangerous areas are the landscapes of lowland river valleys and irrigated (irrigation channel)-lands, where there is the larg- est area of anophelogenic reservoirs. The malariological situation in the low-hill landscapes depends on the situation in the lowland river and irrigation channel landscapes. An epidemic outbreak may occur in the mid-mountain landscapes if a large number of an infection carrier and source are present. The results can be used to optimize anti-malarial interventions, prognosis, and prevention of malaria resumption in the area under study.

In the ecosystem of the Belaya River, fishes of the family Cyprinidae were infected with three epidemically important species oftrematodes of the family Opisthorchidae: Opisthorchisfelineus, Metorchis bilis, and Pseudamphistomum truncatumn. No biotopes of mollusks of the genus Codiella were detected. The contamination of underyearlings with-Ofelineus and M.bilis metacercariae indicates that there are cores of opisthorchiasis and metorchiasis (M.bifis) foci in the ecosystem of the lower course of the river. The presence of biotopes of the genus Bithynia mollusks, the first intermediate host.for P. truncatum, in the waters, but the absence of fishes infected with P.truncatum metacercariae among the examined under- yearlings may lead to the conclusion that there are no cores of pseudamphistomiasis foci. Infestation of onein 97 older individual muvarica (Albumus alburnus) with trematode metacercariae is evidence of its infection outside the floodplain river ecosystems of the Belaya River and subsequent migration of the fish into the lowerreaches of the river, where a barren zone of a pseudamphistomiass focus is formed. In this ecosystem there is a risk of human infection with epidemically important species of trematodes of the family Opisthorchidae (O.felineus, M.bifis, and P.truncatum)-when eating the fish caught in the river, its tributaries, and floodplain waterbodies. When identifying the metacercariae and detecting the natural foci of trematodes, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the fishes of the family Cyprinidae in the river ecosystem have four types of Opisthorchis metacercariae (after D.A.Razmashkin).

This investigation was conducted in three provinces of southern Vietnam in September-October 2011. A total of 257 small mammals of 11 species were caught; among them 120 rodents were infected with harvest mites of 8 species (Trom- biculidac). About 4000 mites of nearly 1200 identified species were collected from the small mammals. 17 species of harvest mites were identified. Walchia lupella, Leptotrombidium deliense, Walchia kritochaeta, and Walchia micropelta predominated in the collections. Most species of mites parasitized Rattus rattus (n= 15), Maxomys surifer (n=9), and B.savilei (n=7). The occurrence of Trombiculidaewas high on Bandicota savilei (90.0%), M.sunfer (87.8%), R.rattus (80.9%), and Bandicota indica (71.4%). The largest number of mites was observed in B.savilei and B.indica. The species of the genus Ascoschoengastia parasitized predominantly R.rattus and those of the genus Wachia did M.surifer. W.upella (n=7), L.delense (n=5), and Ascoschoengastiaindica (n=5) were associated with the widest range of nourishers. The species L.delicense known as a carrier of the causative agent of tsutsugamushi fever predominated in synanthropic rodents.

The Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016-2030, which was approved by the World Health Assembly in 2015, over the next 15 years suggests that the number of patients with malaria will decline by 90%, that it will be eliminated in 35 countries where this infection remained endemic in 2015, and that the resurgence of malaria will be prevented in the previously eliminated areas. Taking into account the existing features of antimalarial programs in the endemic countries at both national and subnational levels, this strategy can and must serve as a basis for the development and formulation of really implementable national malaria control and elimination programs.

The paper analyzes the etiology of diphyllobothriasis pathogens and their distribution in the world. It estimates the infection rate of the population with tapeworms, the value of different fish species and procedures for their cooking as factors for transmission of Diphyllobothrium to the population and the risk for infection with tapeworms through infected foods. Epidemiological surveillance measures in different (synanthropic and natural) foci of diphyllobothriasis and with various types of pathogens are considered.