Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.4-03
F. Khan, A. Fatima, Hareem Gohar, Mehwish Sajjad, Sahar Iqbal
Corona Virus (COVID)- 19 is a pathogenic viral infection that presents as a new worldwide public health crisis. This review article aims at recapitulating waves of COVID-19, vaccination programs, treatment options, and the current scenario of COVID-19 in Pakistan. All available literature on PubMed, Scopus databases and science direct and Google scholar relating to COVID-19 published between 2019 to January 2022 was reviewed. The first wave of COVID-19 presented as severe acute respiratory syndrome. The second wave had a modest intensity, affecting only Sindh's southern province, and peaked in mid-December 2020. The third wave, which primarily disturbed the regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab, peaked in the late April 2021, when a new strain of SARS-CoV-2 was discovered in over 64 countries, including Pakistan, as of January 27, 2021. Fourth wave qualifying measures was forced in May, after which cases balanced out and most of the mortality was reported in Punjab, followed by Sindh. The 5th wave with a positive ratio in Karachi had the increasing trend from 2% to 6%. In clinical trials, treatment with a combination of Azithromycin and Chloroquine shown efficacy against COVID-19. The Tocilizumab was used to treat COVID-19–related symptoms. Vaccination appeared to be vital to control the COVID-19 disease outbreak with seven licensed vaccines. Currently 72% Pakistani population is either vaccinated or have been infected at least once.
{"title":"COMPARISON BETWEEN EFFICACY OF TYGECYCLINE AND MINOCYCLINE IN MULTI DRUG RESISTANT ACINETOBACTER BAUMANII ISOLATED FROM RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS","authors":"F. Khan, A. Fatima, Hareem Gohar, Mehwish Sajjad, Sahar Iqbal","doi":"10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.4-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.4-03","url":null,"abstract":"Corona Virus (COVID)- 19 is a pathogenic viral infection that presents as a new worldwide public health crisis. This review article aims at recapitulating waves of COVID-19, vaccination programs, treatment options, and the current scenario of COVID-19 in Pakistan. All available literature on PubMed, Scopus databases and science direct and Google scholar relating to COVID-19 published between 2019 to January 2022 was reviewed. The first wave of COVID-19 presented as severe acute respiratory syndrome. The second wave had a modest intensity, affecting only Sindh's southern province, and peaked in mid-December 2020. The third wave, which primarily disturbed the regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab, peaked in the late April 2021, when a new strain of SARS-CoV-2 was discovered in over 64 countries, including Pakistan, as of January 27, 2021. Fourth wave qualifying measures was forced in May, after which cases balanced out and most of the mortality was reported in Punjab, followed by Sindh. The 5th wave with a positive ratio in Karachi had the increasing trend from 2% to 6%. In clinical trials, treatment with a combination of Azithromycin and Chloroquine shown efficacy against COVID-19. The Tocilizumab was used to treat COVID-19–related symptoms. Vaccination appeared to be vital to control the COVID-19 disease outbreak with seven licensed vaccines. Currently 72% Pakistani population is either vaccinated or have been infected at least once.","PeriodicalId":184438,"journal":{"name":"LIAQUAT MEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL","volume":"307 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132693587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.4-02
A. Ullah, Muddasir Khan, S. G. Afridi, Shah Khalid
Coronaviruses cause exceptionally contagious infections and at present they pose a major concern of public health worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the severity of Corona Virus (COVID)-19 through hematological, biochemical, coagulation and inflammatory markers. This was a cross-sectional study including 200 COVID-19 patients (97 with non-severe and 103 with severe diseases) admitted to Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from December 2020 to June 2021. The patients were initially screened through Real-time PCR and positive confirmed patients were further evaluated for serum ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, and complete blood count (CBC) by using the standard protocols. Among the 200 COVID-19 positive patients, male positive patients were predominant (n= 138, 69%), and the most prevalent age group was 41 to 60 years (i.e., 49%). CRP was found to be most frequently deranged (95%) followed by D-dimer and LDH levels in 92% of patients. The abnormal levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, ferritin, and hemoglobin were recorded as 83%, 82%, 79%, and 20%, respectively. All studied inflammatory markers significantly (p <0.005) correlated with the severity of COVID-19 patients.
{"title":"CORRELATION OF COVID-19 SEVERITY with HEMATOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, COAGULA-TION AND INFLAMMATORY MARKERS- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY","authors":"A. Ullah, Muddasir Khan, S. G. Afridi, Shah Khalid","doi":"10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.4-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.4-02","url":null,"abstract":"Coronaviruses cause exceptionally contagious infections and at present they pose a major concern of public health worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the severity of Corona Virus (COVID)-19 through hematological, biochemical, coagulation and inflammatory markers. This was a cross-sectional study including 200 COVID-19 patients (97 with non-severe and 103 with severe diseases) admitted to Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from December 2020 to June 2021. The patients were initially screened through Real-time PCR and positive confirmed patients were further evaluated for serum ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, and complete blood count (CBC) by using the standard protocols. Among the 200 COVID-19 positive patients, male positive patients were predominant (n= 138, 69%), and the most prevalent age group was 41 to 60 years (i.e., 49%). CRP was found to be most frequently deranged (95%) followed by D-dimer and LDH levels in 92% of patients. The abnormal levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, ferritin, and hemoglobin were recorded as 83%, 82%, 79%, and 20%, respectively. All studied inflammatory markers significantly (p <0.005) correlated with the severity of COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":184438,"journal":{"name":"LIAQUAT MEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133109695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-12DOI: 10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.4-05
Fouzia Zeeshan Khan, Mehwish Sajjad, Huma Mansoori, Hira Qadir, Mona Siddiqui, Sahar Iqbal
Dengue virus belongs to flavivirus family which gains entry into the host organism through skin following an infected mosquito bite. Humoral, cellular, and innate host immune responses are involved in the progression of the disease. Dengue fever is getting common in Pakistan, and at times shows high mortality, but there is limited literature available. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate hematological parameters in patients with dengue fever. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Dow Diagnostic Reference and Research Laboratory, Karachi, Pakistan from 1 January 2021 till December 2021. A total of 6140 were collected, out of which 1746 were found positive. Dengue infection was confirmed by rapid screening NS1 antigen by ICT method. IgM antibodies were detected by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematological analysis was performed on Sysmex analyzer. Among the 1746 positive samples, 1036 (60%) were males and 710 (40%) were females. More than 10 hemoglobin and 45 hematocrits were found in greater than 40% of cases. Leucopenia less than 4000 was observed mostly in age group 0-20 years. Eosinophilia, basophilia, lymphocytosis and atypical lymphocytosis were shown equally in all age groups. Our study found greater incidence of Dengue fever among 21-40 years of age group with male predominance. Hematological spectrum revealed thrombocytopenia, lymphocytosis, high hematocrit, eosinophilia, basophilia and monocytosis at the time of diagnosis.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF SPECTRUM OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN DENGUE FEVER","authors":"Fouzia Zeeshan Khan, Mehwish Sajjad, Huma Mansoori, Hira Qadir, Mona Siddiqui, Sahar Iqbal","doi":"10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.4-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.4-05","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue virus belongs to flavivirus family which gains entry into the host organism through skin following an infected mosquito bite. Humoral, cellular, and innate host immune responses are involved in the progression of the disease. Dengue fever is getting common in Pakistan, and at times shows high mortality, but there is limited literature available. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate hematological parameters in patients with dengue fever. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Dow Diagnostic Reference and Research Laboratory, Karachi, Pakistan from 1 January 2021 till December 2021. A total of 6140 were collected, out of which 1746 were found positive. Dengue infection was confirmed by rapid screening NS1 antigen by ICT method. IgM antibodies were detected by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematological analysis was performed on Sysmex analyzer. Among the 1746 positive samples, 1036 (60%) were males and 710 (40%) were females. More than 10 hemoglobin and 45 hematocrits were found in greater than 40% of cases. Leucopenia less than 4000 was observed mostly in age group 0-20 years. Eosinophilia, basophilia, lymphocytosis and atypical lymphocytosis were shown equally in all age groups. Our study found greater incidence of Dengue fever among 21-40 years of age group with male predominance. Hematological spectrum revealed thrombocytopenia, lymphocytosis, high hematocrit, eosinophilia, basophilia and monocytosis at the time of diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":184438,"journal":{"name":"LIAQUAT MEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133808708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-07
A. Saad, Naveed Khan, Muhammad Saad Usmani, Shua Nasir, Lal Shehbaz
While operating upon the brain, deep seated lesions need to be approached by using retractor’s system, due to the soft and gelatinous nature of the brain. Using a conventional rigid, fixed retractor system for brain retraction appears harmful. As an alternative Thudicam Nasal Speculum (TNS) retractors can be used. This study was aimed to explore the outcome of TNS retractors in brain surgery. The cross-sectional study was conducted at Ziauddin University hospital north campus and National Medical Center Defense, Karachi, Pakistan, during a period between August 2019 to March 2020. A total of 60 patients were included (42 males and 18 females), with a median age of 25 years. In all these cases intra-cranial hematoma were removed with unremarkable damage, in aneurysm clipping it was found useful, without damaging adjacent areas and extraction of brain tumors was found to be very easy and non-damaging to the surrounding brain tissue. Patients had a follow-up period of about 03 months and contusion, ischemia or brain edema was not present in any patient. Only one patient died during second month after surgery due to Ischemic stroke of contra-lateral MCA. The study concludes that using TNS retractors was very helpful and non-damaging to the brain.
{"title":"Use of rigid, fixed brain retactors is harmful for the brain","authors":"A. Saad, Naveed Khan, Muhammad Saad Usmani, Shua Nasir, Lal Shehbaz","doi":"10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-07","url":null,"abstract":"While operating upon the brain, deep seated lesions need to be approached by using retractor’s system, due to the soft and gelatinous nature of the brain. Using a conventional rigid, fixed retractor system for brain retraction appears harmful. As an alternative Thudicam Nasal Speculum (TNS) retractors can be used. This study was aimed to explore the outcome of TNS retractors in brain surgery. The cross-sectional study was conducted at Ziauddin University hospital north campus and National Medical Center Defense, Karachi, Pakistan, during a period between August 2019 to March 2020. A total of 60 patients were included (42 males and 18 females), with a median age of 25 years. In all these cases intra-cranial hematoma were removed with unremarkable damage, in aneurysm clipping it was found useful, without damaging adjacent areas and extraction of brain tumors was found to be very easy and non-damaging to the surrounding brain tissue. Patients had a follow-up period of about 03 months and contusion, ischemia or brain edema was not present in any patient. Only one patient died during second month after surgery due to Ischemic stroke of contra-lateral MCA. The study concludes that using TNS retractors was very helpful and non-damaging to the brain.","PeriodicalId":184438,"journal":{"name":"LIAQUAT MEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125061358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-08
Almas U Qazi, Ajay Tokala, Ikhlas U Qazi
Small bowel obstruction secondary to gallstone ileus accounts for about 0.3% to 0.5 % of all patients with gallstone disease. Formation of primary intestinal stones causing obstruction and requiring laparotomy is very rare, and the presence of the diverticula adjacent to the stone precipitating in the stone formation is a rare phenomenon. A rare case of primary enterolith and jejunal diverticula is presented here. An older women presented with small bowel obstruction found to have dual pathology; operated for removal of stone and had uneventful recovery.
{"title":"Primary enterolith and jejunal diverticula causing small bowel obstruction- A case report","authors":"Almas U Qazi, Ajay Tokala, Ikhlas U Qazi","doi":"10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-08","url":null,"abstract":"Small bowel obstruction secondary to gallstone ileus accounts for about 0.3% to 0.5 % of all patients with gallstone disease. Formation of primary intestinal stones causing obstruction and requiring laparotomy is very rare, and the presence of the diverticula adjacent to the stone precipitating in the stone formation is a rare phenomenon. A rare case of primary enterolith and jejunal diverticula is presented here. An older women presented with small bowel obstruction found to have dual pathology; operated for removal of stone and had uneventful recovery.","PeriodicalId":184438,"journal":{"name":"LIAQUAT MEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123706209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-02
H. Al Kindi, Nada Al Muqaimi, Samah Al Abri, M. George, R. A. Al Kindi
This study aimed to evaluate histopathological changes in the placentas of mothers who had contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy. This prospective study involved the histopathological assessment of two groups of placentas submitted for evaluation to the Department of Histopathology at Khoula Hospital, Oman. The first group consisted of 48 placentas derived from COVID-19-positive pregnant women delivered at the centre between March 2020 and March 2021. The control group consisted of an additional 48 placentas derived from asymptomatic mothers who were not tested for COVID-19 but were assumed to be negative. All placentas underwent gross and microscopic histopathologic examination. Placental lesions were classified according to the Amsterdam system. There was a significantly higher frequency of fibrin thrombi at the terminal villi in placentas derived from the COVID-19-positive group compared to the control group (72.9% versus 0%; p-value = 0.001). Also, villous hypoperfusion was significantly more common in COVID-19-positive placentas than in controls (16.7% versus 0%; p-value = 0.006). However, no significant differences between the two groups were noted with regards to the frequency of other histopathologic features, including decidual vasculopathy, chorioamnionitis, funisitis, intervillositis, perivillous fibrin deposition, and infarction.
{"title":"Histopathological changes in the placentas of mothers with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 infection in pregnancy- A comparative cross-sectional study","authors":"H. Al Kindi, Nada Al Muqaimi, Samah Al Abri, M. George, R. A. Al Kindi","doi":"10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-02","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate histopathological changes in the placentas of mothers who had contracted COVID-19 during pregnancy. This prospective study involved the histopathological assessment of two groups of placentas submitted for evaluation to the Department of Histopathology at Khoula Hospital, Oman. The first group consisted of 48 placentas derived from COVID-19-positive pregnant women delivered at the centre between March 2020 and March 2021. The control group consisted of an additional 48 placentas derived from asymptomatic mothers who were not tested for COVID-19 but were assumed to be negative. All placentas underwent gross and microscopic histopathologic examination. Placental lesions were classified according to the Amsterdam system. There was a significantly higher frequency of fibrin thrombi at the terminal villi in placentas derived from the COVID-19-positive group compared to the control group (72.9% versus 0%; p-value = 0.001). Also, villous hypoperfusion was significantly more common in COVID-19-positive placentas than in controls (16.7% versus 0%; p-value = 0.006). However, no significant differences between the two groups were noted with regards to the frequency of other histopathologic features, including decidual vasculopathy, chorioamnionitis, funisitis, intervillositis, perivillous fibrin deposition, and infarction.\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":184438,"journal":{"name":"LIAQUAT MEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128392790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-03
Dr Manasi Mishra, Dr Surajit Nayak, Dr Prasanna kumar Rathor,., Dr Maheswar Samanta, Dr Satyadarsi Pattnaik, Dr Prasenjeet Mohanty
This study was conducted to determine the clinico-epidemiological evaluation of chronic folliculitis of the leg in the southern Indian population. This was a prospective observational study, undertaken over a period of two years. All patients attending the outpatient department Southern Indian tertiary care hospital's Dermatology Department (M.K.C.G.Medical College & Hospital, Odisha) were recruited. A total of 100 patients were enrolled, aged between 12 to 70 years with a M: F ratio of 10.1: 1. Eighty per cent of the population in the study were rural, and 20% belonged to the urban area. Clinical characteristics and demographic data of the patients were collected in a pre-designed proforma. Those patients who had pustules on the leg underwent pus culture and sensitivity test. Majority of the patients presented with papules and pustules (96%cases) and bilateral symmetrical leg involvement (98% cases). Pruritus was the most common clinical presentation ( 90% cases). Staphylococcus was isolated in the majority of cases (80%) and was sensitive to Amikacin (73%), Linezolid (70%), vancomycin (68%), and Gentamycin (65%). Chronic folliculitis of the leg is mainly a disease of young adult males of low socioeconomic status. Avoiding aggravating factors and cautious use of sensitive antibiotics may achieve treatment goals and decrease recurrence.
{"title":"Clinico-epidemiological evaluation of chronic folliculitis of leg- A single study from southern India","authors":"Dr Manasi Mishra, Dr Surajit Nayak, Dr Prasanna kumar Rathor,., Dr Maheswar Samanta, Dr Satyadarsi Pattnaik, Dr Prasenjeet Mohanty","doi":"10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-03","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the clinico-epidemiological evaluation of chronic folliculitis of the leg in the southern Indian population. This was a prospective observational study, undertaken over a period of two years. All patients attending the outpatient department Southern Indian tertiary care hospital's Dermatology Department (M.K.C.G.Medical College & Hospital, Odisha) were recruited. A total of 100 patients were enrolled, aged between 12 to 70 years with a M: F ratio of 10.1: 1. Eighty per cent of the population in the study were rural, and 20% belonged to the urban area. Clinical characteristics and demographic data of the patients were collected in a pre-designed proforma. Those patients who had pustules on the leg underwent pus culture and sensitivity test. Majority of the patients presented with papules and pustules (96%cases) and bilateral symmetrical leg involvement (98% cases). Pruritus was the most common clinical presentation ( 90% cases). Staphylococcus was isolated in the majority of cases (80%) and was sensitive to Amikacin (73%), Linezolid (70%), vancomycin (68%), and Gentamycin (65%). Chronic folliculitis of the leg is mainly a disease of young adult males of low socioeconomic status. Avoiding aggravating factors and cautious use of sensitive antibiotics may achieve treatment goals and decrease recurrence.","PeriodicalId":184438,"journal":{"name":"LIAQUAT MEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121829239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-04
Kashif Ahmed Khan, Waqar Ahmed Memon, Javed Altaf Jat, Ali Raza Jaffery, Adeel Hyder Arain, Salman el Khalid
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a recent advancement in the management of urolithiasis, it has now become the gold standard. This study aimed to assess the safety of mini PCNL in pediatric patients with large renal stones. This cross-sectional study included pediatric patients (n=12) who underwent mini-PCNL. Age, gender, number of stones, size of stones, and position in the renal system were documented. The mean age of the patients in the study was 7.67 years. The stones ranged from 10 mm to 20 mm with a mean size of 10 mm. Complete clearance of stones was achieved in 83.7%. 16.7% had incomplete clearance with clinically insignificant residual stones (i.e. < 4mm) requiring no further treatment except follow-up. The major complication in our series was hydroperitoneum in one patient, which was identified and managed by placing the intraperitoneal drain. Patients were discharged from the hospital on or before 3rd post-operative day. The study concludes that Mini-PCNL method is effective, safe, and economical for the removal of renal calculi in the paediatric age group. Further large scale studies exploring methods to lessen its morbidity would be recommended specially in patients with renal stone complications like hydroperitoneum.
{"title":"Mini-PCNL in pediatric patients with large renal stones- A safety data","authors":"Kashif Ahmed Khan, Waqar Ahmed Memon, Javed Altaf Jat, Ali Raza Jaffery, Adeel Hyder Arain, Salman el Khalid","doi":"10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-04","url":null,"abstract":"Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a recent advancement in the management of urolithiasis, it has now become the gold standard. This study aimed to assess the safety of mini PCNL in pediatric patients with large renal stones. This cross-sectional study included pediatric patients (n=12) who underwent mini-PCNL. Age, gender, number of stones, size of stones, and position in the renal system were documented. The mean age of the patients in the study was 7.67 years. The stones ranged from 10 mm to 20 mm with a mean size of 10 mm. Complete clearance of stones was achieved in 83.7%. 16.7% had incomplete clearance with clinically insignificant residual stones (i.e. < 4mm) requiring no further treatment except follow-up. The major complication in our series was hydroperitoneum in one patient, which was identified and managed by placing the intraperitoneal drain. Patients were discharged from the hospital on or before 3rd post-operative day. The study concludes that Mini-PCNL method is effective, safe, and economical for the removal of renal calculi in the paediatric age group. Further large scale studies exploring methods to lessen its morbidity would be recommended specially in patients with renal stone complications like hydroperitoneum.","PeriodicalId":184438,"journal":{"name":"LIAQUAT MEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114273676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-01
I. Ujjan
Floods and heavy rain bring another disaster of diseases and pose a huge burden on the health care system. Pakistan is currently facing a major natural disaster of this decade, where Sindh and Baluchistan are badly affected. Millions of people are homeless and live in camps, shelter homes, or tent cities. The diseases that emerge immediately after floods include gastroenteritis with diarrhoea and vomiting, followed by vector-borne diseases (i.e. malaria and dengue fever) influenced by the growth of mosquitoes in the stagnant water. Due to unhygienic conditions and overcrowded camps, skin diseases emerge later. Altogether this situation causes major burden on the already weakened health care system, which is devastated due to rain and even destroyed in some places. Thus proper planning and preventive measures need to be taken on an urgent basis.
{"title":"Pandemonium of diseases after floods – An emerging major health issue in Pakistan","authors":"I. Ujjan","doi":"10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-01","url":null,"abstract":"Floods and heavy rain bring another disaster of diseases and pose a huge burden on the health care system. Pakistan is currently facing a major natural disaster of this decade, where Sindh and Baluchistan are badly affected. Millions of people are homeless and live in camps, shelter homes, or tent cities. The diseases that emerge immediately after floods include gastroenteritis with diarrhoea and vomiting, followed by vector-borne diseases (i.e. malaria and dengue fever) influenced by the growth of mosquitoes in the stagnant water. Due to unhygienic conditions and overcrowded camps, skin diseases emerge later. Altogether this situation causes major burden on the already weakened health care system, which is devastated due to rain and even destroyed in some places. Thus proper planning and preventive measures need to be taken on an urgent basis.","PeriodicalId":184438,"journal":{"name":"LIAQUAT MEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121823506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-05
Izmal Urooj, M. A. Memon, Mehak Nazir Jatoi, Azma Azher, Sanjha Memon, Dur Bibi, Sadama Shaikh, Kibria Awan, Uzma Baloch
The study was designed to evaluate the pattern of computer vision syndrome disorders in young adults. All patients (n= 138, 74 males and 64 females) coming with complains of dry eyes, eye strain, burning eyes, redness, blurring and headache were included. These patients were aged between 18 to 35 years with at least 2 hours’ exposure to any type of Visual Display Terminal (VDT). The mean age of the study population was 20.4 years. The majority of the study subjects were males, i.e. 74 (53.6%). Around 78.2% of study populations had refractive errors. Myopia was the most significant refractive error found in 53.6% of the study population. The prevalence of CVS in our study group was 89.1%, with headache as the most common symptom reported in 68.8%. Furthermore, 94.9% of participants were viewing the screen from a distance of 30 to 40cm and 81.9% of subjects were using VDTs at night in bad ergonomic conditions. These findings point to the height of the health issue, which needs to be addressed with clear instruction for the use of proper screen protections and safety time cut-offs for the use of computer screens.
{"title":"Evaluation of pattern of computer vision syndrome disorders in young adults – A cross-sectional study","authors":"Izmal Urooj, M. A. Memon, Mehak Nazir Jatoi, Azma Azher, Sanjha Memon, Dur Bibi, Sadama Shaikh, Kibria Awan, Uzma Baloch","doi":"10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38106/lmrj.2022.4.3-05","url":null,"abstract":"The study was designed to evaluate the pattern of computer vision syndrome disorders in young adults. All patients (n= 138, 74 males and 64 females) coming with complains of dry eyes, eye strain, burning eyes, redness, blurring and headache were included. These patients were aged between 18 to 35 years with at least 2 hours’ exposure to any type of Visual Display Terminal (VDT). The mean age of the study population was 20.4 years. The majority of the study subjects were males, i.e. 74 (53.6%). Around 78.2% of study populations had refractive errors. Myopia was the most significant refractive error found in 53.6% of the study population. The prevalence of CVS in our study group was 89.1%, with headache as the most common symptom reported in 68.8%. Furthermore, 94.9% of participants were viewing the screen from a distance of 30 to 40cm and 81.9% of subjects were using VDTs at night in bad ergonomic conditions. These findings point to the height of the health issue, which needs to be addressed with clear instruction for the use of proper screen protections and safety time cut-offs for the use of computer screens.","PeriodicalId":184438,"journal":{"name":"LIAQUAT MEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116448955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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