MethodsX最新文献_第5页

Assessing maternal postnatal depression, bonding and practices in mothers of preterm and low birth weight infants in Indonesia 评估印度尼西亚早产儿和低出生体重儿母亲的产后抑郁、联系和做法

IF 1.9 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

MethodsX

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2025.103750

Ricvan Dana Nindrea , Linda Rosalina , Milya Novera , Long Chiau Ming , Nissa Prima Sari , Nabil Aresto Avilla , Fanisha Anugrah Rahmadhani Putri , Nailah Putri Rivani

Preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants face elevated health risks and require specialized care. Maternal postnatal depression (PND) and the quality of mother–infant bonding are critical determinants of caregiving practices and neonatal outcomes. However, practical, validated methods for assessing these constructs remain limited within the Indonesian clinical and research context. This study presents a protocol for assessing PND and bonding among mothers of preterm and LBW infants in Indonesia. A community-based cross-sectional design was implemented across three districts in West Sumatra. A total of 255 mothers of preterm or LBW infants were selected using multistage random sampling. PND was measured using the validated 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), with a cut-off score of 12/13 indicating significant depression. Mother–infant bonding was assessed with a culturally adapted 10-item bonding questionnaire. Maternal practices were evaluated using an 8-item checklist covering breastfeeding, Kangaroo Mother Care, immunization, and use of maternal–child health records. Instruments underwent expert review, translation and back-translation, and pilot testing to ensure validity and reliability (Cronbach’s α: 0.75–0.90). The primary endpoints included the identification of maternal PND, the quality of bonding, and maternal adherence to essential infant care practices. Data collection followed a standardized interviewer protocol, and data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The protocol proved feasible in community settings and provides a replicable method to evaluate maternal PND and bonding, with potential to inform interventions that enhance neonatal care outcomes.

早产和低出生体重婴儿面临较高的健康风险，需要专门护理。产妇产后抑郁（PND）和母婴结合的质量是护理实践和新生儿结局的关键决定因素。然而，在印度尼西亚的临床和研究背景下，评估这些结构的实用、有效的方法仍然有限。本研究提出了一个方案，评估PND和粘合之间的母亲早产儿和低体重婴儿在印度尼西亚。在西苏门答腊的三个地区实施了基于社区的横断面设计。采用多阶段随机抽样的方法，选取255名早产儿或低体重儿母亲。PND采用经过验证的10项爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）进行测量，截止分数为12/13表示明显抑郁。采用文化适应性的10项亲子关系问卷对母子关系进行评估。使用包括母乳喂养、袋鼠妈妈护理、免疫接种和使用母婴健康记录在内的8项检查表对孕产妇实践进行了评估。仪器经过专家评审、翻译和反翻译以及试点测试以确保效度和信度（Cronbach’s α: 0.75-0.90）。主要终点包括产妇PND的识别，结合的质量，以及产妇遵守基本的婴儿护理实践。数据收集遵循标准化采访者协议，并使用偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）对数据进行分析。该方案在社区环境中被证明是可行的，并提供了一种可复制的方法来评估产妇PND和联系，有可能为提高新生儿护理结果的干预措施提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Artificial neural network based predictive modeling of viscosity of an oil based hybrid nanofluid 基于人工神经网络的油基混合纳米流体粘度预测建模

IF 1.9 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

MethodsX

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2025.103748

Muhammad Furqan , Fahim Raees , Muhammad Khalid

In many industries like micro-electronics, mechanical engines, transportation, manufacturing and nuclear reactors cooling characteristics which is a crucial challenge can optimize using nanofluid. Nanofluids are also used for better energy transfer and storage in many devices. In the current study the viscosity variation studied by the impact of input variables solid volume fraction and temperature. Sol-gel auto-combustion was used to prepare nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄) nano-particles. The structure of the NiFe₂O₄ was obtained using an X-ray diffraction method. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum provided evidence of NiFe₂O₄ presence. In order to better understand the surface morphology of nickel ferrite nano-particles, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed. AT the various concentrations of nanofluid 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1 % were prepared. The viscosity was calculated at temperatures ranges 40 to 80 °C. The experimental results showed that the viscosity of nanofluid (µ_nf) falls as the volume fraction(φ) increases and as the temperature rises. RSM and ANN predicted data have R² values of 0.9987 and 0.9999 respectively.. ANN accuracy can also be seen by MSE value. ANN shows less MSE value (0.00001) as compare to RSM that has MSE 0.0002. Which shows the ANN accuracy over RSM.

Predictive modelling for viscosity of Oil-Based Hybrid Nanofluid.

Artificial Neural Network and Response surface methodology methods were used for correlation.

Results were correlated with experimental data.

在微电子、机械发动机、交通运输、制造业和核反应堆等许多行业中，利用纳米流体可以优化冷却特性是一个至关重要的挑战。在许多设备中，纳米流体也用于更好的能量传递和存储。在目前的研究中，粘度的变化主要受固体体积分数和温度等输入变量的影响。采用溶胶-凝胶自燃烧法制备了纳米铁酸镍（NiFe2O4）。用x射线衍射法得到了NiFe2O4的结构。傅里叶变换红外光谱提供了NiFe2O4存在的证据。为了更好地了解纳米铁酸镍颗粒的表面形貌，采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行了研究。分别制备了浓度为0、0.25、0.50、0.75、1%的纳米流体。在40 ~ 80℃的温度范围内计算了粘度。实验结果表明，随着体积分数（φ）的增大和温度的升高，纳米流体的粘度（µnf）减小。RSM和ANN预测数据的R2值分别为0.9987和0.9999。通过MSE值也可以看出人工神经网络的准确性。与MSE为0.0002的RSM相比，ANN的MSE值（0.00001）更小。这显示了人工神经网络在RSM上的精度。油基混合纳米流体粘度预测模型。采用人工神经网络和响应面方法进行相关性分析。结果与实验数据相吻合。

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引用次数: 0

An accessible HPLC-DAD method for the direct detection of acrolein-trapping compounds in complex plant matrices 直接检测复杂植物基质中丙烯醛捕获化合物的高效液相色谱- dad方法

IF 1.9 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

MethodsX

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2025.103747

Andy Zedet , Alison Aebischer , Marc Pudlo , Luca Marchisio , Samba Fama Ndoye , Corine Girard , François Senejoux

Acrolein is a highly reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde implicated in numerous diseases and pathological conditions. Developing strategies to alleviate its harmful effects is thus of key importance, with scavengers that trap acrolein emerging as a promising approach. Recent efforts have focused on identifying effective phytoconstituents, but detecting active components in complex plant matrices remains a challenging and time-consuming task. This study introduces a new application of HPLC-DAD for the instantaneous detection of acrolein scavengers in such complex extracts. To mimic this chemical diversity and test the method’s efficiency, a multicomponent mixture of ten phytochemical standards was employed. The procedure involved pre-column incubation of the mixture with varying concentrations of acrolein, allowing for the selective identification of active components through signal reduction. The results were further validated through conventional evaluation of individual constituents, confirming the method's reliability.

•
Development of a novel application of HPLC-DAD for the instantaneous detection of acrolein-trapping constituents in complex plant matrices
•
Application of the method to a ten-phytoconstituent mixture designed to simulate the chemical complexity of a plant extract
•
Validation of method efficiency through comparison with conventional scavenging evaluations of individual compounds

丙烯醛是一种高活性的α，β-不饱和醛，与许多疾病和病理状况有关。因此，制定减轻其有害影响的策略至关重要，捕集丙烯醛的清除剂正在成为一种有前途的方法。最近的努力集中在鉴定有效的植物成分，但检测复杂植物基质中的有效成分仍然是一项具有挑战性和耗时的任务。本研究介绍了HPLC-DAD快速检测此类复杂提取物中丙烯醛清除剂的新应用。为了模拟这种化学多样性并测试方法的效率，采用了十种植物化学标准的多组分混合物。该程序包括柱前孵育的混合物与不同浓度的丙烯醛，允许选择性识别活性成分通过信号还原。通过对单个成分的常规评价进一步验证了结果，证实了该方法的可靠性。•开发一种新的HPLC-DAD应用于复杂植物基质中丙烯醛捕获成分的瞬时检测•将该方法应用于十种植物成分混合物，旨在模拟植物提取物的化学复杂性•通过与传统的单个化合物清除评估的比较验证方法效率

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引用次数: 0

TARGETFLOW:An automated literature mining pipeline for accelerating the discovery of high-potential targets in rare and mature diseases TARGETFLOW：一个自动化的文献挖掘管道，用于加速发现罕见和成熟疾病的高潜力靶点

IF 1.9 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

MethodsX

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2025.103735

Shuhan Guo, Tianxiang Shang, Yuzhu Pan, Yingjia Wu, Yan Li, Mohan Zhou

To expedite the early stages of drug development for diseases lacking established target databases, and to enhance knowledge updating in well-studied disease domains, this paper introduces TARGETFLOW, an automated literature-mining pipeline. The workflow begins by automatically retrieving literature, downloading relevant abstracts, and constructing a comprehensive database. After performing selective text cleaning and data preprocessing, it leverages large language models (LLMs) to conduct intelligent literature screening, followed by code-based whitespace tokenization. Subsequently, rule-based filtering is applied to extract high-potential therapeutic targets for the specified disease. To validate the effectiveness of this pipeline, three hypotheses were formulated: (1) An effective pipeline should be capable of identifying high-potential therapeutic targets for the given disease; (2) For diseases with established target databases, the pipeline should be able to detect novel and emerging targets not yet included in existing databases; and (3) The pipeline should also be applicable to rare or emerging diseases that lack mature target databases. Then, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a common disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a rare disease, were selected as case studies. The results demonstrated the method’s reliability (high-potential target validation rate: 56 %), innovativeness (new target validation pass rate: 100 %), and generalizability (IPF target literature support rate: 88.9 %).

为了加快缺乏既定目标数据库的疾病的早期药物开发，并加强对已研究的疾病领域的知识更新，本文介绍了TARGETFLOW，一个自动化的文献挖掘管道。工作流程从自动检索文献、下载相关摘要和构建综合数据库开始。在执行选择性文本清理和数据预处理之后，它利用大型语言模型（llm）进行智能文献筛选，然后进行基于代码的空白标记化。随后，应用基于规则的滤波方法提取针对特定疾病的高潜力治疗靶点。为了验证该管道的有效性，提出了三个假设：(1)有效的管道应该能够识别给定疾病的高潜力治疗靶点；(2)对于已建立靶点数据库的疾病，该管道应能够发现尚未纳入现有数据库的新靶点和新兴靶点；(3)管线也应适用于缺乏成熟靶点数据库的罕见或新发疾病。然后，选择常见病类风湿性关节炎（RA）和罕见病特发性肺纤维化（IPF）作为案例研究。结果表明，该方法具有较高的信度（高电位目标验证率为56%）、创新性（新目标验证合格率为100%）和通用性（IPF目标文献支持率为88.9%）。

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引用次数: 0

A remotely operated airboat for metal-free, ultraclean water sampling for trace elements in lentic waterbodies: from design and fabrication to operation in the field 一种远程操作的汽艇，用于在活体水体中进行无金属超净水采样，从设计和制造到现场操作

IF 1.9 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

MethodsX

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2025.103731

Tommy Noernberg , Taylor Bujaczek , William Shotyk

The mitigation of contamination during water sampling remains one of the primary challenges for trace elements research. In shallow water bodies, it is especially important to avoid disturbing the sediments to avoid the introduction of particles and colloids containing trace elements to the water column. Traditional sampling protocols can stir up sediments, and conventional equipment containing metal alloys presents additional sample contamination risks. Here we describe the design, construction, and testing of a metal-free unmanned, remotely operated airboat for sampling lentic freshwater habitats. The SWAMP airboat consists of two pontoons that support a water sampler containing four winches to lower and raise 60 mL bottles to sample from desired depths. The airboat is driven by two motorized propellers and is equipped with Cube Autopilot to stabilize the airboat during sample collection.

• A 3D printer was used to construct plastic components for the airboat, composed of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), PolyMide™ CoPA nylon, high density polyethylene (HDPE), and polycarbonate (PC) carbon fiber.

• Solenoids were programmed to remotely open and drop weights that open valves on the 60 mL sampling bottle to collect water at specified depths.

• The SWAMP airboat was successfully field-tested at two locations in Alberta, Canada.

减少水采样过程中的污染仍然是微量元素研究的主要挑战之一。在浅水水体中，避免扰动沉积物，避免将含有微量元素的颗粒和胶体引入水柱尤为重要。传统的采样方案可能会搅动沉积物，而传统的含有金属合金的设备会带来额外的样品污染风险。在这里，我们描述了一个无金属的无人驾驶、远程操作的气船的设计、建造和测试，用于采样真实的淡水栖息地。SWAMP汽艇由两个浮筒组成，浮筒支持一个包含四个绞车的水采样器，以降低和提高60毫升的瓶子以从所需的深度取样。气艇由两个电动螺旋桨驱动，并配备Cube自动驾驶仪，以在样品采集过程中稳定气艇。•使用3D打印机构建气艇的塑料部件，由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PETG），聚酰胺™CoPA尼龙，高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）和聚碳酸酯（PC）碳纤维组成。•螺线管被编程为远程打开和下降重量，打开60毫升采样瓶上的阀门，以收集指定深度的水。•SWAMP气艇在加拿大阿尔伯塔省的两个地点成功进行了现场测试。

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引用次数: 0

A statistical inference framework for FSNBLR: Modeling underdeveloped regional status in Eastern Indonesia FSNBLR的统计推断框架：模拟印尼东部欠发达地区状况

IF 1.9 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

MethodsX

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2025.103746

Muhammad Zulfadhli, I Nyoman Budiantara, Vita Ratnasari, Afiqah Saffa Suriaslan, Risdiana Chandra Dhewy

Persistent regional disparities in Indonesia, particularly in Eastern provinces, necessitate advanced modeling to understand underdevelopment determinants. This study enhances the Fourier Series Nonparametric Binary Logistic Regression (FSNBLR) model by introducing a statistical inference framework comprising simultaneous and partial hypothesis testing using the Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT). Applying the model to data from 232 regencies in Eastern Indonesia (2021) identifies infrastructure quality and local fiscal capacity as significant predictors of underdevelopment. Compared with the conventional Binary Logistic Regression (BLR), the FSNBLR with significant parameters demonstrates superior classification accuracy and lower AIC values, effectively capturing nonlinear relationships among predictors. The proposed framework strengthens the inferential foundation of FSNBLR and broadens its applicability to complex binary response analyses in socioeconomic studies. The highlights of this study are:

Developed inferential hypothesis testing for the FSNBLR model.

Implemented LRT for simultaneous and partial inference.

The FSNBLR model outperforms BLR model in capturing nonlinearities.

印度尼西亚持续存在的地区差异，特别是在东部省份，需要先进的模型来理解不发达的决定因素。本研究通过引入一个统计推断框架，包括使用似然比检验（LRT）的同时和部分假设检验，增强了傅立叶级数非参数二元逻辑回归（FSNBLR）模型。将该模型应用于印度尼西亚东部232个县（2021年）的数据，发现基础设施质量和地方财政能力是不发达的重要预测因素。与传统的二元逻辑回归（BLR）相比，具有显著参数的FSNBLR具有更高的分类精度和更低的AIC值，可以有效地捕捉预测因子之间的非线性关系。该框架加强了FSNBLR的推理基础，拓宽了其在社会经济研究中复杂二元响应分析的适用性。本研究的重点是：建立了FSNBLR模型的推理假设检验。实现LRT同时和部分推理。FSNBLR模型在捕获非线性方面优于BLR模型。

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引用次数: 0

Properties of a subclass of starlike functions involving the quantum derivative operator. 涉及量子导数算子的星形函数子类的性质。

IF 1.9 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

MethodsX

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2025.103740

D Breaz, K R Karthikeyan, A Senguttuvan, D Mohankumar

A new class of functions is defined by expressing analytic characterizations of starlike function involving logarithm. To make this study more versatile, we redefine and study the class involving an operator associated with $q$ -hypergeometric function. Estimates of the initial coefficients and Fekete-Szegő inequality of the functions, which belong to the defined function class, are our main results.

通过表示涉及对数的星形函数的解析表征，定义了一类新的函数。为了使这一研究更具通用性，我们重新定义并研究了涉及与q -超几何函数相关的算子的类。本文的主要成果是对函数的初始系数和fekete - szegov不等式的估计，这些函数属于已定义的函数类。

引用次数: 0

Geographically weighted Weibull regression modeling on dissolved oxygen data to analyze river water quality in East Kalimantan 基于溶解氧数据的地理加权Weibull回归模型分析东加里曼丹河水质

IF 1.9 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

MethodsX

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2025.103745

Suyitno Suyitno , Darnah , Memi Nor Hayati , Andrea Tri Rian Dani , Ika Purnamasari , Rito Goejantoro , Meiliyani Siringoringo , Pratama Yuly Nugraha , Meirinda Fauziyah , Zabrina Nathania Fauziyah , Mislan

This study introduces the Geographically Weighted Weibull Regression (GWWR) model as an extension of the Weibull regression (WR) within the geographically weighted regression framework and applies it to spatial environmental data on dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in East Kalimantan in 2024, rather than to time-to-event data. This study maps the river water quality (RWQ) and its influencing factors using the GWWR model. The results indicate that the RWQ in East Kalimantan in 2024 generally tends to degrade, with the main influencing factors being dissolved iron, total phosphate, water temperature, and biochemical oxygen demand. The main highlights of the proposed method are as follows:

•
This study presents the GWWR model as an extension of the WR model and demonstrates its applicability to spatially heterogeneous data rather than to time-to-event data.
•
The GWWR model is employed to locally analyze RWQ and its influencing factors.
•
The GWWR approach represents RWQ characteristics using several statistical measures, including the probability of water quality improvement, the probability of water quality degradation, the water quality degradation rate, and the mean DO level. These statistical measures are analyzed respectively through spatial Weibull survival, cumulative distribution, hazard, and mean regression models.

本文引入了地理加权威布尔回归（GWWR）模型，作为威布尔回归（WR）在地理加权回归框架内的扩展，并将其应用于2024年东加里曼丹溶解氧（DO）水平的空间环境数据，而不是时间-事件数据。利用GWWR模型对河流水质及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明，2024年东加里曼丹地区RWQ总体呈降解趋势，主要影响因素为溶解铁、总磷酸盐、水温和生化需氧量。该方法的主要亮点如下：•本研究将GWWR模型作为WR模型的扩展，并证明其适用于空间异构数据，而不是时间-事件数据。•采用GWWR模型局部分析RWQ及其影响因素。•GWWR方法使用几种统计度量来表示RWQ特征，包括水质改善的概率、水质退化的概率、水质退化率和平均DO水平。分别通过空间威布尔生存、累积分布、风险和均值回归模型对这些统计指标进行分析。

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引用次数: 0

Mapping the competitiveness of sports tourism destinations in developing countries: A scoping review protocol. 绘制发展中国家体育旅游目的地的竞争力：范围审查议定书。

IF 1.9 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

MethodsX

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2025.103743

Erfan Moradi

While academic literature offers various models of tourism competitiveness, their specific application to sports tourism in the unique contexts of developing nations remains fragmented and under-theorized, with no prior systematic mapping of evidence from these settings. This scoping review protocol outlines a systematic methodology to comprehensively map and synthesize the existing literature on the competitiveness of sports tourism destinations, with a specific focus on evidence from developing countries. The primary research question is: What are the key determinants and conceptualizations of competitiveness for sports tourism destinations in developing countries? Guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Scoping Review Framework and reported per PRISMA-ScR guidelines, the review will employ inclusive eligibility criteria (Population: sports tourism destinations; Concept: competitiveness factors; Context: developing countries), search academic and grey literature sources, extract data on definitions, determinants, models, challenges, strategies, and evidence, and conduct inductive thematic analysis to identify patterns and gaps. The findings aim to consolidate existing knowledge, identify key determinants and gaps, and establish a foundational understanding to guide future research, policy formulation, and industry practices in the sports tourism domain, particularly for resource-constrained settings.

虽然学术文献提供了各种旅游竞争力模型，但它们在发展中国家独特背景下对体育旅游的具体应用仍然是支离破碎和缺乏理论的，没有事先系统地绘制这些背景下的证据。该范围审查协议概述了一种系统的方法，以全面绘制和综合有关体育旅游目的地竞争力的现有文献，并特别关注来自发展中国家的证据。主要的研究问题是：发展中国家体育旅游目的地竞争力的关键决定因素和概念是什么？在乔安娜布里格斯研究所（JBI）范围审查框架的指导下，并根据PRISMA-ScR指南进行报告，审查将采用包容性资格标准（人口：体育旅游目的地；概念：竞争力因素；背景：发展中国家），搜索学术和灰色文献来源，提取有关定义、决定因素、模型、挑战、战略和证据的数据，并进行归纳专题分析，以确定模式和差距。研究结果旨在巩固现有知识，确定关键决定因素和差距，并建立基础认识，以指导未来体育旅游领域的研究、政策制定和行业实践，特别是在资源受限的情况下。

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引用次数: 0

Successful optical genome mapping from 500 000 cells: A low-input UHMW DNA extraction approach. 50万个细胞成功的光学基因组定位：一种低输入的超高分子量DNA提取方法。

IF 1.9 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

MethodsX

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 eCollection Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2025.103742

Elly De Vlieghere, Friedel Nollet, Helena Devos, Barbara Cauwelier

Optical Genome Mapping (OGM) is an emerging technology in clinical laboratories for identifying copy number and structural variations in the DNA of patients with haematological malignancies. A critical initial step is the isolation of ultra-high molecular weight genomic DNA (UHMW gDNA), which typically requires 1.5 million white blood cells. However, this cell number is not always achievable in clinical practice due to various limitations. For instance, diagnostic analysis of multiple myeloma (MM) is should be performed on CD138-positive cells derived from bone marrow aspirates (BMA), where both the sample volume and the number of CD138-positive cells This method describes a customized protocol which enables isolation of UHMW gDNA starting from as few as 500 000 cells, while still resulting in DNA of sufficient quality and quantity to perform OGM and collect at least 1500 Gbp of data.

光学基因组图谱（OGM）是临床实验室中用于鉴定血液恶性肿瘤患者DNA拷贝数和结构变异的新兴技术。关键的第一步是分离超高分子量基因组DNA (UHMW gDNA)，这通常需要150万个白细胞。然而，由于各种限制，在临床实践中并不总是可以实现这个细胞数量。例如，多发性骨髓瘤（MM）的诊断分析应该对来自骨髓抽吸（BMA）的cd138阳性细胞进行，其中样本量和cd138阳性细胞的数量都是如此。该方法描述了一种定制的方案，可以从少至50万个细胞中分离UHMW gDNA，同时仍然产生足够质量和数量的DNA来进行OGM并收集至少1500 Gbp的数据。

引用次数: 0