Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102975
This article describes a procedure for estimating carbon leakage from policies targeting aviation based on alternative scenarios. The key innovation to ensure greater robustness is that all scenarios are simulated by two different types of models: a sectoral model for aviation and a computable general equilibrium model.
•
The implementation of scenario simulation in both models is explained
•
The calculation of carbon leakage is explained step by step
{"title":"Estimating carbon leakage from aviation by combining sectoral and general equilibrium models","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article describes a procedure for estimating carbon leakage from policies targeting aviation based on alternative scenarios. The key innovation to ensure greater robustness is that all scenarios are simulated by two different types of models: a sectoral model for aviation and a computable general equilibrium model.<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>The implementation of scenario simulation in both models is explained</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>The calculation of carbon leakage is explained step by step</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102981
Salinity hinders the growth of many crops common in the diet, such as rice, wheat and maize when cultivated in coastal salinity areas. Given the limited availability of cultivable land and the increasing growth of the population, it is necessary to enhance productivity. In this paper, we present an innovative approach to adopting Halotolerant Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (HPGPR) to enhance salt-tolerant rice varieties to solve salinity stress and enhance crop production. HPGPR has functions to overcome plant growth and development and is the most efficient bioinoculant for rice in saline environments. This approach can be considered a potential method because of the cost-effective and environmentally friendly impacts in agricultural production, which involves salt-affected areas.
{"title":"A sustainable methodological approach for mitigation of salt stress of rice seedlings in coastal regions: Identification of halotolerant rhizobacteria from Noakhali, Bangladesh and their impact","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity hinders the growth of many crops common in the diet, such as rice, wheat and maize when cultivated in coastal salinity areas. Given the limited availability of cultivable land and the increasing growth of the population, it is necessary to enhance productivity. In this paper, we present an innovative approach to adopting Halotolerant Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (HPGPR) to enhance salt-tolerant rice varieties to solve salinity stress and enhance crop production. HPGPR has functions to overcome plant growth and development and is the most efficient bioinoculant for rice in saline environments. This approach can be considered a potential method because of the cost-effective and environmentally friendly impacts in agricultural production, which involves salt-affected areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102978
Change management is part of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), particularly during the challenging stage of Requirement Engineering (RE). Managing requirements and incorporating changes can be complex and demanding, Having high impacts on project duration, cost, and ultimately project success and failure, cost, and ultimately, the success or failure of the software project. This research paper aims to explore and analyses various change management frameworks that contribute to the effectiveness of project completion, with a focus on minimizing time and cost estimates while maximizing product quality. Additionally, this study investigates the success and failure rates of software projects, specifically examining the identification of change management frameworks and addressing critical challenges within the context of Global Software Development (GSD). This review provides valuable insights and recommendations for implementing effective change management practices in software development projects that may facilitate future advancement in change management. This paper reviews various research papers and identifies major problems associated with each existing framework on Time constraints, Quick cost estimates, Verification of used and excluded needs, and customer information. We believe that the finding of this paper helps to address those challenges and reduce overall development time and increase the success rate of projects through the review of Requirement change management identification of a framework.
{"title":"Exploring the change management framework: An in-depth investigation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Change management is part of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), particularly during the challenging stage of Requirement Engineering (RE). Managing requirements and incorporating changes can be complex and demanding, Having high impacts on project duration, cost, and ultimately project success and failure, cost, and ultimately, the success or failure of the software project. This research paper aims to explore and analyses various change management frameworks that contribute to the effectiveness of project completion, with a focus on minimizing time and cost estimates while maximizing product quality. Additionally, this study investigates the success and failure rates of software projects, specifically examining the identification of change management frameworks and addressing critical challenges within the context of Global Software Development (GSD). This review provides valuable insights and recommendations for implementing effective change management practices in software development projects that may facilitate future advancement in change management. This paper reviews various research papers and identifies major problems associated with each existing framework on Time constraints, Quick cost estimates, Verification of used and excluded needs, and customer information. We believe that the finding of this paper helps to address those challenges and reduce overall development time and increase the success rate of projects through the review of Requirement change management identification of a framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102982
Aphids, as hemipteran insects, reproduce via parthenogenesis and viviparity, resulting in rapid and exponential offspring production. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying parthenogenetic viviparity in asexual aphids, precise protein detection through immunostaining is essential. Our previous research demonstrated the need for proteinase K (PK) treatment to improve tissue permeability, enabling antibodies targeting the germ-cell marker Ap-Vas1 to access gastrulating and later-stage embryos. However, optimal PK digestion protocols have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, we propose strategies to optimize PK digestion conditions for early, middle, and late-stage pea aphid embryos, which have varying tissue thicknesses. Additionally, we extend the application of PK treatment to salivary glands, a representative somatic tissue, by optimizing conditions for antibody penetration against the salivary gland marker C002. To enhance spatial precision in signal detection, we provide a detailed protocol for tissue dissection specific to pea aphids, focusing on the preservation of tissue integrity. These comprehensive guidelines, covering tissue dissection and PK titration, are expected to improve the specificity and intensity of protein signals in pea aphids and other aphid species.
•
Provide aphid-specific dissection methods to obtain intact embryos and salivary glands.
•
Present strategies for optimizing PK treatment conditions across different tissue types.
{"title":"Enhancing protein signal detection in asexual and viviparous pea aphids: A guided protocol for tissue dissection and proteinase K treatment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aphids, as hemipteran insects, reproduce via parthenogenesis and viviparity, resulting in rapid and exponential offspring production. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying parthenogenetic viviparity in asexual aphids, precise protein detection through immunostaining is essential. Our previous research demonstrated the need for proteinase K (PK) treatment to improve tissue permeability, enabling antibodies targeting the germ-cell marker Ap-Vas1 to access gastrulating and later-stage embryos. However, optimal PK digestion protocols have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, we propose strategies to optimize PK digestion conditions for early, middle, and late-stage pea aphid embryos, which have varying tissue thicknesses. Additionally, we extend the application of PK treatment to salivary glands, a representative somatic tissue, by optimizing conditions for antibody penetration against the salivary gland marker C002. To enhance spatial precision in signal detection, we provide a detailed protocol for tissue dissection specific to pea aphids, focusing on the preservation of tissue integrity. These comprehensive guidelines, covering tissue dissection and PK titration, are expected to improve the specificity and intensity of protein signals in pea aphids and other aphid species.<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>Provide aphid-specific dissection methods to obtain intact embryos and salivary glands.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Present strategies for optimizing PK treatment conditions across different tissue types.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102984
We build a validated physics-based model of a refrigerated container filled with fruit in ventilated packaging. This model of a virtual container is the basis for simulations in an accompanying paper on citrus fruit shipped overseas from South Africa to Europe. The model is used to understand better how the cargo cools and when and where food quality is lost in these supply chains. We build a computational fluid dynamics model with a two-phase porous media approach that simulates the airflow in the container and the cooling process of every fruit. This container can be considered aerodynamically to be a slot-ventilated enclosure. We also model the fruit's thermally-driven quality loss. Using a two-phase porous media approach for the ventilated cargo and modeling temperature-driven fruit quality evolution are two steps forward compared to most existing physics-based refrigerated container models. We validate the porous media model implementation. We define and apply actionable metrics for every fruit inside the cargo, such as remaining shelf life upon arrival and seven-eighths cooling time.
•
This model can help reduce food loss and increase supply-chain resilience.
•
This model is an essential building block of a refrigerated container’s digital twin.
•
This model can support stakeholders in improving cargo temperature control and resulting fruit quality preservation.
{"title":"Building a physics-based virtual refrigerated container filled with fruit in ventilated packaging","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We build a validated physics-based model of a refrigerated container filled with fruit in ventilated packaging. This model of a virtual container is the basis for simulations in an accompanying paper on citrus fruit shipped overseas from South Africa to Europe. The model is used to understand better how the cargo cools and when and where food quality is lost in these supply chains. We build a computational fluid dynamics model with a two-phase porous media approach that simulates the airflow in the container and the cooling process of every fruit. This container can be considered aerodynamically to be a slot-ventilated enclosure. We also model the fruit's thermally-driven quality loss. Using a two-phase porous media approach for the ventilated cargo and modeling temperature-driven fruit quality evolution are two steps forward compared to most existing physics-based refrigerated container models. We validate the porous media model implementation. We define and apply actionable metrics for every fruit inside the cargo, such as remaining shelf life upon arrival and seven-eighths cooling time.<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>This model can help reduce food loss and increase supply-chain resilience.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>This model is an essential building block of a refrigerated container’s digital twin.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>This model can support stakeholders in improving cargo temperature control and resulting fruit quality preservation.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102980
Pea (Pisum sativum) is an important agricultural legume crop, but powdery mildew disease caused by the biotrophic fungus Erysiphe pisi regularly limits its annual yield. Assays to evaluate the efficacy of potential antifungal compounds or resistance genes for disease control require a simple fungal inoculation method that provides control over the initial inoculum concentration and enables uniform inoculum distribution within a leaf and across replicates as well as a method for the quantitative assessment of disease severity. Here, we present an easy spray inoculation method for the uniform distribution of a defined concentration of E. pisi conidia on the leaves of pea plants and a semi-automated image analysis-based quantification of disease symptoms. The uniformity in conidial distribution was validated using a novel grading system termed the uniformity index. In addition, RT-qPCR was used to validate the reproducibility of the spray inoculation method and image analysis-based disease quantification. These procedures permit the accurate quantification of powdery mildew disease severity at macroscopic and molecular levels.
•
Uniform and reproducible inoculum distribution on leaves using a simple and inexpensive spray device
•
Rapid and reproducible quantification of powdery mildew disease symptoms using open-source software without the requirement of computational expertise
豌豆（Pisum sativum）是一种重要的农用豆科作物，但由生物营养真菌 Erysiphe pisi 引起的白粉病经常限制其年产量。要评估潜在的抗真菌化合物或抗性基因对病害控制的效果，需要一种简单的真菌接种方法，这种方法能控制初始接种体浓度，使接种体在叶片内和各重复中分布均匀，还需要一种定量评估病害严重程度的方法。在此，我们介绍了一种简便的喷雾接种方法，可在豌豆植株叶片上均匀分布一定浓度的 E. pisi 分生孢子，并可通过半自动图像分析对病害症状进行量化。分生孢子分布的均匀性是通过一种称为均匀性指数的新型分级系统验证的。此外，还利用 RT-qPCR 验证了喷雾接种方法和基于图像分析的病害定量的可重复性。这些程序允许在宏观和分子水平上对白粉病的严重程度进行精确定量。
{"title":"Spray inoculation and image analysis-based quantification of powdery mildew disease severity on pea leaves","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pea (<em>Pisum sativum</em>) is an important agricultural legume crop, but powdery mildew disease caused by the biotrophic fungus <em>Erysiphe pisi</em> regularly limits its annual yield. Assays to evaluate the efficacy of potential antifungal compounds or resistance genes for disease control require a simple fungal inoculation method that provides control over the initial inoculum concentration and enables uniform inoculum distribution within a leaf and across replicates as well as a method for the quantitative assessment of disease severity. Here, we present an easy spray inoculation method for the uniform distribution of a defined concentration of <em>E. pisi</em> conidia on the leaves of pea plants and a semi-automated image analysis-based quantification of disease symptoms. The uniformity in conidial distribution was validated using a novel grading system termed the uniformity index. In addition, RT-qPCR was used to validate the reproducibility of the spray inoculation method and image analysis-based disease quantification. These procedures permit the accurate quantification of powdery mildew disease severity at macroscopic and molecular levels.<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>Uniform and reproducible inoculum distribution on leaves using a simple and inexpensive spray device</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Rapid and reproducible quantification of powdery mildew disease symptoms using open-source software without the requirement of computational expertise</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102979
Biliverdin is a secondary metabolite of heme catabolism. It is formed by the reaction catalyzed by heme oxygenase, which converts the heme group contained in proteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, and catalase into biliverdin, iron (II) and CO in equimolar amounts, consuming NADPH. Biliverdin is then reduced to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Biliverdin and bilirubin form a redox couple and are important for the redox homeostasis of cells. Heme oxygenase-1 is an inducible enzyme that is induced by hypoxic conditions, increased availability of heme or proinflammatory mechanisms such as LPS, UV radiation, etc. In addition, both heme oxygenase-1 and biliverdin reductase play roles other than catalysis by modulating specific metabolic pathways at the transcriptional level. There is a need for affordable assays to analyze these bile pigments in biological and clinical samples. Here we present a method for the combined determination of biliverdin and bilirubin that utilizes the specific binding of bilirubin to the fluorescent recombinant fusion protein HUG and the enzymatic conversion of biliverdin to bilirubin.
•
This method enables the combined measurement of bilirubin and biliverdin in the nM range.
•
The method does not require solvent extraction or protein precipitation of the samples.
{"title":"Combined fluorometric analysis of biliverdin and bilirubin by the recombinant protein HUG","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biliverdin is a secondary metabolite of heme catabolism. It is formed by the reaction catalyzed by heme oxygenase, which converts the heme group contained in proteins such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, and catalase into biliverdin, iron (II) and CO in equimolar amounts, consuming NADPH. Biliverdin is then reduced to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Biliverdin and bilirubin form a redox couple and are important for the redox homeostasis of cells. Heme oxygenase-1 is an inducible enzyme that is induced by hypoxic conditions, increased availability of heme or proinflammatory mechanisms such as LPS, UV radiation, etc. In addition, both heme oxygenase-1 and biliverdin reductase play roles other than catalysis by modulating specific metabolic pathways at the transcriptional level. There is a need for affordable assays to analyze these bile pigments in biological and clinical samples. Here we present a method for the combined determination of biliverdin and bilirubin that utilizes the specific binding of bilirubin to the fluorescent recombinant fusion protein HUG and the enzymatic conversion of biliverdin to bilirubin.<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>This method enables the combined measurement of bilirubin and biliverdin in the nM range.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>The method does not require solvent extraction or protein precipitation of the samples.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102976
Detecting psychological disorders, particularly depression, is a complex and critical task within the realm of mental health assessment. This research explores a novel approach to improve the identification of psychological distresses, such as depression, by addressing the subjectivity, complexity, and biasness inherent in traditional diagnostic techniques. Using multimodal data, such as voice characteristics and linguistic content from participant interviews, we developed a Transformer-Based Hybrid Model that combines advanced natural language processing and deep learning approaches. This model provides a complete assessment of an individual's psychological well-being by merging aural cues and textual data. This study investigates the theoretical underpinnings, technical complexities, and practical applications of this model in the context of psychological disorder detection. Additionally, the model's design and implementation details are thoroughly documented to ensure replicability by other researchers.
•
A unique way of strengthening emotional ailments (focusing on depression).
•
Transformer-Based Hybrid Model is proposed using multimodal data from interviews of participants.
•
The model integrates voice characteristics (aural cues) and linguistic content (textual data).
•
Comparative analysis of this research with existing approaches.
{"title":"Psychological disorder detection: A multimodal approach using a transformer-based hybrid model","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Detecting psychological disorders, particularly depression, is a complex and critical task within the realm of mental health assessment. This research explores a novel approach to improve the identification of psychological distresses, such as depression, by addressing the subjectivity, complexity, and biasness inherent in traditional diagnostic techniques. Using multimodal data, such as voice characteristics and linguistic content from participant interviews, we developed a Transformer-Based Hybrid Model that combines advanced natural language processing and deep learning approaches. This model provides a complete assessment of an individual's psychological well-being by merging aural cues and textual data. This study investigates the theoretical underpinnings, technical complexities, and practical applications of this model in the context of psychological disorder detection. Additionally, the model's design and implementation details are thoroughly documented to ensure replicability by other researchers.<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>A unique way of strengthening emotional ailments (focusing on depression).</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Transformer-Based Hybrid Model is proposed using multimodal data from interviews of participants.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>The model integrates voice characteristics (aural cues) and linguistic content (textual data).</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Comparative analysis of this research with existing approaches.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102971
Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) has attracted considerable attention as a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy. However, a reliable method for accurately measuring, monitoring, and verifying carbon dioxide (CO2) removal, particularly under field conditions, remains elusive. Here we describe a method for installing soil monoliths in an in situ buried apparatus that allows collection of water draining through a soil, undisturbed by external environmental factors that may affect similar apparatus located above ground. The method provides a robust, cost-effective means of collecting, developing, and establishing soil monoliths, allowing through drainage soil water sample collection and analysis, and so facilitating estimation of ERW CO2 removal. A 200 mm diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe is inserted into the soil to extract intact monoliths from a site of interest, withdrawn and then fitted with a basal double socket coupling and end cap for leachate collection. It is buried to reproduce soil environmental conditions, and water is collected via a sampling tube to surface. Validity was confirmed through an experimental trial with 36 monoliths over 6 months. This method enables accurate chemical analysis of solute draining through the soil monolith, which can be used to validate models of ERW efficacy.
•
PVC pipes are inserted into the target soil and subsequently extracted to retrieve intact soil monoliths
•
PVC sockets, equipped with a mesh and a geotextile membrane in the middle to retain the collected intact soil monolith and prevent soil particle transport, are then attached to the PVC pipe
•
PVC caps, featuring a small drainage tube attached to its outer side, are used to collect the leachate at the bottom part of the system.
{"title":"A method to evaluate enhanced rock weathering using intact soil monoliths under field conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) has attracted considerable attention as a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy. However, a reliable method for accurately measuring, monitoring, and verifying carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) removal, particularly under field conditions, remains elusive. Here we describe a method for installing soil monoliths in an in situ buried apparatus that allows collection of water draining through a soil, undisturbed by external environmental factors that may affect similar apparatus located above ground. The method provides a robust, cost-effective means of collecting, developing, and establishing soil monoliths, allowing through drainage soil water sample collection and analysis, and so facilitating estimation of ERW CO<sub>2</sub> removal. A 200 mm diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe is inserted into the soil to extract intact monoliths from a site of interest, withdrawn and then fitted with a basal double socket coupling and end cap for leachate collection. It is buried to reproduce soil environmental conditions, and water is collected via a sampling tube to surface. Validity was confirmed through an experimental trial with 36 monoliths over 6 months. This method enables accurate chemical analysis of solute draining through the soil monolith, which can be used to validate models of ERW efficacy.<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>PVC pipes are inserted into the target soil and subsequently extracted to retrieve intact soil monoliths</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>PVC sockets, equipped with a mesh and a geotextile membrane in the middle to retain the collected intact soil monolith and prevent soil particle transport, are then attached to the PVC pipe</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>PVC caps, featuring a small drainage tube attached to its outer side, are used to collect the leachate at the bottom part of the system.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102932
In light of the recent unprecedented wildfires in Canada and the potential for increasing burned areas in the future, there is a need to explore post-fire salvage harvest and restoration and the implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Salvage logging and replanting initiatives offer a potential solution by regrowing forests more quickly while meeting societal demands for wood and bioenergy.
This study presents a comprehensive modeling framework to estimate post-fire salvage biomass and net GHG emissions relative to a ‘do-nothing’ baseline for all of Canada's harvest-eligible forests. Forest ecosystem carbon emissions and removals were modeled at 1-ha spatial resolution for Canadian forests using the Generic Carbon Budget Model (GCBM) from 1990 to 2070 using several forest inventory data sources with future harvest and wildfires.
Building upon previous research, our work integrated the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System fire intensity to estimate fire severity of future wildfires. For 2024 to 2070, we assessed the changes in ecosystem carbon, emissions from harvested wood products, and substitution benefits from avoided emissions-intensive materials, relative to a forward-looking baseline. Our prototype system provides a comprehensive framework, configuration files, links to datasets to quantify the net GHG of post-fire restoration, and sample results for validation.
•
Developed spatially explicit forest carbon modeling system for all of Canada's forests.
•
Assessed the net GHG reduction from post-fire restoration.
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Used system approach to consider forests, wood products and substitution benefits.
{"title":"Development of national post-fire restoration system to assess net GHG impacts and salvage biomass availability","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2024.102932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In light of the recent unprecedented wildfires in Canada and the potential for increasing burned areas in the future, there is a need to explore post-fire salvage harvest and restoration and the implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Salvage logging and replanting initiatives offer a potential solution by regrowing forests more quickly while meeting societal demands for wood and bioenergy.</div><div>This study presents a comprehensive modeling framework to estimate post-fire salvage biomass and net GHG emissions relative to a ‘do-nothing’ baseline for all of Canada's harvest-eligible forests. Forest ecosystem carbon emissions and removals were modeled at 1-ha spatial resolution for Canadian forests using the Generic Carbon Budget Model (GCBM) from 1990 to 2070 using several forest inventory data sources with future harvest and wildfires.</div><div>Building upon previous research, our work integrated the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System fire intensity to estimate fire severity of future wildfires. For 2024 to 2070, we assessed the changes in ecosystem carbon, emissions from harvested wood products, and substitution benefits from avoided emissions-intensive materials, relative to a forward-looking baseline. Our prototype system provides a comprehensive framework, configuration files, links to datasets to quantify the net GHG of post-fire restoration, and sample results for validation<em>.</em><ul><li><span>•</span><span><div><em>Developed spatially explicit forest carbon modeling system for all of Canada's forests.</em></div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div><em>Assessed the net GHG reduction from post-fire restoration.</em></div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div><em>Used system approach to consider forests, wood products and substitution benefits.</em></div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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