Achieving localized and adjustable hypothermia is critical for various clinical and experimental applications, including reducing oxidative stress, modulating inflammatory responses, and enabling temperature-triggered drug delivery. However, existing cooling techniques such as ice packs, and cryogenic sprays limitations in precision, efficiency, duration, and cooling capacity. In this study, we used a commercially available thermoelectric cooling module to construct a simple and low-cost cooling system, and applied it in a preclinical mouse model to achieve focal hypothermia at a subcutaneous transplant site.
- •The system, assembled using a TES1–4903 thermoelectric module, a heat sink, and a power supply, achieved rapid temperature reduction rates. At 5 V, the subcutaneous temperature decreased at an average rate of ∼1.5 °C/s during the first 10 s, reaching a stable temperature of ∼8 °C within 120 s. At 2 V, the average rate was ∼0.4 °C/s, stabilizing at ∼17 °C over the same period.
- •The system demonstrated precise temperature control with minimal variability, maintaining temperature steps of <2 °C and ensuring a stable temperature range.
- •Compared to literature, our system highlights the utility of thermoelectric modules for biomedical cooling applications, demonstrating faster and safer subcutaneous hypothermia with more precise temperature control than other approaches.
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