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Detection of PCBs and OCPs in the Irtysh River Water (GC-MS/MS) and ecological risk assessment 伊尔蒂什河水中多氯联苯和 OCP 的检测(GC-MS/MS)和生态风险评估
IF 1.6 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102944
Shi-Zhan Tang , Zhong-Xiang Chen , Qi-Rui Hao , Yao-Peng Hu , Ji-Long Wang , Dong-Li Qin , Peng Wang , Hai-Tao Wang

This study optimized a gas chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method for the determination of 21 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in Irtysh River water, including 14 organochlorines (OCPs) and 7 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Factors such as column temperature ramping, selection of qualitative and quantitative ion pairs and collision energy were considered to achieve perfect separation and accurate quantification of all 21 target compounds. The limits of detection (LOD) for PCBs and OCPs ranged from 0.21 to 1.18 ng/L. Applying this method to detect POPs in the Irtysh River revealed concentrations of OCPs ranging from ND to 20.2 ng/L and PCBs from ND to 0.411 ng/L. Source analysis indicated that POPs in the Irtysh River mainly originate from historical industrial and agricultural activities, particularly the deliberate use of pesticides. To ensure ecological safety and human health, expanding the range of target analytes and monitoring periods is necessary. This study provides:

  • Qualitative and quantitative analysis methods for 7 PCBs and 14 OCPs.

  • Recoveries achieved ranged between 74.6 to 109 % with RSD less than 15 %.

  • Analysis of sources, transport pathways, accumulation status, and ecological risks of PCBs and OCPs in the Irtysh River.

本研究优化了气相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱(GC-MS/MS)方法,用于测定额尔齐斯河水中的 21 种持久性有机污染物(POPs),包括 14 种有机氯(OCPs)和 7 种多氯联苯(PCBs)。为了实现所有 21 种目标化合物的完美分离和精确定量,对色谱柱升温、定性和定量离子对的选择以及碰撞能量等因素进行了考虑。多氯联苯和 OCP 的检测限(LOD)在 0.21 至 1.18 纳克/升之间。应用该方法检测额尔齐斯河中的持久性有机污染物时发现,OCPs 的浓度从 ND 到 20.2 ng/L,PCBs 的浓度从 ND 到 0.411 ng/L。来源分析表明,额尔齐斯河中的持久性有机污染物主要来源于历史上的工业和农业活动,特别是蓄意使用杀虫剂。为确保生态安全和人类健康,有必要扩大目标分析物的范围并延长监测时间。本研究提供了:-7 种多氯联苯和 14 种 OCPs 的定性和定量分析方法-回收率介于 74.6% 和 109% 之间,RSD 小于 15%。
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引用次数: 0
Improved exponential smoothing grey-holt models for electricity price forecasting using whale optimization 利用鲸鱼优化法改进指数平滑灰螺栓电价预测模型
IF 1.6 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102926
Benjamin Salomon Diboma , Flavian Emmanuel Sapnken , Mohammed Hamaidi , Yong Wang , Prosper Gopdjim Noumo , Jean Gaston Tamba

This study introduces a ground-breaking approach, the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA)-based multivariate exponential smoothing Grey-Holt (GMHES) model, designed for electricity price forecasting. Key features of the proposed WOA-GMHES(1,N) model include leveraging historical data to comprehend the underlying trends in electricity prices and utilizing the WOA algorithm for adaptive optimization of model parameters to capture evolving market dynamics. Evaluating the model on authentic high- and low-voltage electricity price data from Cameroon demonstrates its superiority over competing models. The WOA-GMHES(1,N) model achieves remarkable performance with RMSE and SMAPE scores of 12.63 and 0.01 %, respectively, showcasing its accuracy and reliability. Notably, the model proves to be computationally efficient, generating forecasts in <1.3 s. Three key aspects of customization distinguish this novel approach:

  • The WOA algorithm dynamically adjusts model parameters based on evolving electricity market dynamics.

  • The model employs a sophisticated GMHES approach, considering multiple factors for a comprehensive understanding of price trends.

  • The WOA-GMHES(1,N) model stands out for its computational efficiency, providing rapid and precise forecasts, making it a valuable tool for time-sensitive decision-making in the energy sector.

本研究介绍了一种开创性的方法,即基于鲸鱼优化算法(WOA)的多变量指数平滑格雷-霍尔特(GMHES)模型,该模型专为电价预测而设计。WOA-GMHES(1,N) 模型的主要特点包括:利用历史数据理解电价的基本趋势,利用 WOA 算法对模型参数进行自适应优化,以捕捉不断变化的市场动态。在喀麦隆真实的高压和低压电价数据基础上对该模型进行评估,证明其优于其他竞争模型。WOA-GMHES(1,N) 模型的 RMSE 和 SMAPE 分数分别为 12.63% 和 0.01%,表现出了卓越的性能,证明了其准确性和可靠性。WOA-GMHES(1,N) 模型因其计算效率高、预测快速准确而脱颖而出,成为能源行业时效性决策的重要工具。
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引用次数: 0
A simple method to map pollination ecosystem services potential in urban lawns 绘制城市草坪授粉生态系统服务潜力图的简单方法
IF 1.6 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102943
Paulo Pereira , Marius Kalinauskas , Luis Valenca Pinto , Egle Baltranaite , Damia Barcelo , Wenwu Zhao , Miguel Inacio

Urban areas have detrimental impacts on the ecosystems. Nevertheless, they still supply many ecosystem services (ES), such as Pollination, in different urban green spaces (UGS). Lawns are among the most degraded UGS due to very high human impact. Still, flowers such as Dandelions (Taraxacum officinalis) live in these spaces. These flowers are considered a suitable habitat for pollinators. In this work, we develop a methodology to map Pollination ES potential in urban lawns using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. A detailed protocol was developed using high-resolution images, consisting of orthomosaic creation, flower vectorisation, field validation, and finally, Pollination ES potential mapping using Kernel and Point Density. This method can be applied to urban lawns and grasslands in Spring and Summer.

  • A novel method was developed to map pollination potential in lawns.

  • Dandelions (Taraxacum officinale) were mapped using UAV high-resolution images.

  • The method is helpful to identify areas with pollination potential in urban lawns.

城市地区对生态系统有不利影响。然而,在不同的城市绿地 (UGS) 中,它们仍然提供许多生态系统服务 (ES),如授粉。由于人类的高度影响,草坪是退化最严重的 UGS 之一。尽管如此,蒲公英(Taraxacum officinalis)等花卉仍生活在这些空间中。这些花卉被认为是授粉者的理想栖息地。在这项工作中,我们开发了一种使用无人飞行器绘制城市草坪授粉 ES 潜力图的方法。我们利用高分辨率图像制定了详细的规程,包括创建正射影像图、花卉矢量化、实地验证,最后利用核密度和点密度绘制授粉ES潜力图。利用无人机高分辨率图像绘制了蒲公英(Taraxacum officinale)地图。
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引用次数: 0
Heating decoys to mimic thermal signatures of live animals for drones 为无人机加热诱饵以模仿活体动物的热信号
IF 1.6 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102933
Landon R. Jones , Cerise Mensah , Jared A. Elmore , Kristine O. Evans , Morgan B. Pfeiffer , Bradley F. Blackwell , Raymond B. Iglay

Thermal sensors mounted on drones (unoccupied aircraft systems) are popular and effective tools for monitoring cryptic animal species, although few studies have quantified sampling error of animal counts from thermal images. Using decoys is one effective strategy to quantify bias and count accuracy; however, plastic decoys do not mimic thermal signatures of representative species. Our objective was to produce heat signatures in animal decoys to realistically match thermal images of live animals obtained from a drone-based sensor. We tested commercially available methods to heat plastic decoys of three different size classes, including chemical foot warmers, manually heated water, electric socks, pad, or blanket, and mini and small electric space heaters. We used criteria in two categories, 1) external temperature differences from ambient temperatures (ambient difference) and 2) color bins from a palette in thermal images obtained from a drone near the ground and in the air, to determine if heated decoys adequately matched respective live animals in four body regions. Three methods achieved similar thermal signatures to live animals for three to four body regions in external temperatures and predominantly matched the corresponding yellow color bins in thermal drone images from the ground and in the air. Pigeon decoys were best and most consistently heated with three-foot warmers. Goose and deer decoys were best heated by mini and small space heaters, respectively, in their body cavities, with a heated sock in the head of the goose decoy. The materials and equipment for our best heating methods were relatively inexpensive, commercially available items that provide sustained heat and could be adapted to various shapes and sizes for a wide range of avian and mammalian species. Our heating methods could be used in future studies to quantify bias and validate methodologies for drone surveys of animals with thermal sensors.

  • We determined optimal heating methods for plastic animal decoys with inexpensive and commercially available equipment to mimic thermal signatures of live animals.

  • Methods could be used to quantify bias and improve thermal surveys of animals with drones in future studies.

安装在无人机(无人驾驶飞机系统)上的热传感器是监测隐蔽动物物种的流行而有效的工具,但很少有研究对热图像中动物计数的取样误差进行量化。使用诱饵是量化偏差和计数准确性的有效策略之一;然而,塑料诱饵并不能模拟代表性物种的热信号。我们的目标是在动物诱饵中产生热信号,以真实地匹配从无人机传感器获得的活体动物热图像。我们测试了市售的加热三种不同大小的塑料诱饵的方法,包括化学暖脚器、手动加热水、电热袜、垫子或毯子以及迷你和小型电热空间加热器。我们采用了两类标准:1)外部温度与环境温度的差异(环境差异);2)无人机在近地面和空中获取的热图像调色板中的色块,以确定加热后的诱饵是否在四个身体区域与各自的活体动物充分匹配。三种方法在三到四个身体区域的外部温度上都获得了与活体动物相似的热特征,并且主要与地面和空中无人机热图像中相应的黄色色块相匹配。使用三脚加热器对鸽子诱饵的加热效果最好,也最稳定。鹅诱饵和鹿诱饵的最佳加热方法分别是在其体腔内使用迷你加热器和小型空间加热器,并在鹅诱饵的头部使用加热袜。我们的最佳加热方法所使用的材料和设备都是相对廉价的市售物品,它们可以提供持续的热量,并可适用于各种鸟类和哺乳动物物种的各种形状和大小。我们确定了塑料动物诱饵的最佳加热方法,这些方法使用的是廉价的商用设备,可以模拟活体动物的热信号。
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引用次数: 0
Total organic carbon quantification in soils and sediments: Performance test of a modified sample preparation method 土壤和沉积物中的总有机碳定量:改良样品制备方法的性能测试
IF 1.6 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102934
Moritz Nykamp, Fabian Becker, Philipp Hoelzmann

The total organic carbon (TOC) concentration of particulate samples is a key parameter to characterize soils and sediments. To demonstrate the applicability and reliability of a modified sample preparation method for the direct measurement of TOC contents in suspended particulate samples, we analyzed five certified reference materials (CRMs) with varying TOC concentrations using a Shimadzu TOC-L CPH analyzer. Measured values were calibrated with a multi-point curve that cover the full range of the expected TOC concentrations and the results were validated using statistical values and measures. The method validation reveals that the measurements are accurate and precise for CRMs from marine and soil contexts, but show a low accuracy for the CRM containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This demonstrates the applicability and reliability of the modified preparation method for direct TOC determination of suspended particulate samples. Therefore, it is relevant for a broader community, beyond geosciences, and for users employing devices of other manufacturers to analyze TOC in suspended particulate samples.

  • Modified preparation method uses reduced sample weights and yields accurate and precise results.

  • Cost-efficient and environmentally friendly alternative: reduces waste by saving acid and ultrapure water.

  • Avoids incomplete dissolution of dolomite by heating acidified samples.

颗粒样本的总有机碳(TOC)浓度是表征土壤和沉积物特征的一个关键参数。为了证明改进后的样品制备方法在直接测量悬浮颗粒样品中 TOC 含量方面的适用性和可靠性,我们使用岛津 TOC-L CPH 分析仪分析了五种不同 TOC 浓度的有证标准物质 (CRM)。测量值通过多点曲线进行校准,该曲线涵盖了所有预期的 TOC 浓度范围,并使用统计值和测量方法对结果进行了验证。方法验证结果表明,对海洋和土壤中的有证有机污染物的测量准确而精确,但对含有多环芳烃(PAHs)的有证有机污染物的测量精度较低。这表明改进后的制备方法适用于直接测定悬浮颗粒样本中的 TOC,而且非常可靠。因此,该方法不仅适用于地质科学领域,还适用于使用其他制造商设备分析悬浮颗粒样本中 TOC 的用户。
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引用次数: 0
Drone and ground-truth data collection, image annotation and machine learning: A protocol for coastal habitat mapping and classification 无人机和地面实况数据收集、图像标注和机器学习:海岸栖息地绘图和分类协议
IF 1.6 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102935
Kristina Øie Kvile , Hege Gundersen , Robert Nøddebo Poulsen , James Edward Sample , Arnt-Børre Salberg , Medyan Esam Ghareeb , Toms Buls , Trine Bekkby , Kasper Hancke

Aerial drone imaging is an efficient tool for mapping and monitoring of coastal habitats at high spatial and temporal resolution. Specifically, drone imaging allows for time- and cost-efficient mapping covering larger areas than traditional mapping and monitoring techniques, while also providing more detailed information than those from airplanes and satellites, enabling for example to differentiate various types of coastal vegetation. Here, we present a systematic method for shallow water habitat classification based on drone imagery. The method includes:

  • Collection of drone images and creation of orthomosaics.

  • Gathering ground-truth data in the field to guide the image annotation and to validate the final map product.

  • Annotation of drone images into – potentially hierarchical – habitat classes and training of machine learning algorithms for habitat classification.

As a case study, we present a field campaign that employed these methods to map a coastal site dominated by seagrass, seaweed and kelp, in addition to sediments and rock. Such detailed but efficient mapping and classification can aid to understand and sustainably manage ecologically and valuable marine ecosystems.
无人机航拍成像是以高空间和时间分辨率对沿岸生境进行测绘和监测的有效工具。具体来说,与传统的测绘和监测技术相比,无人机成像可以在更大的范围内进行测绘,既省时又省钱,同时还能提供比飞机和卫星更详细的信息,例如能够区分各种类型的沿岸植被。在此,我们介绍一种基于无人机图像的浅水生境分类系统方法。该方法包括:-采集无人机图像并创建正射影像图;-在现场收集地面实况数据,以指导图像注释并验证最终地图产品;-将无人机图像注释为可能分层的生境类别,并训练用于生境分类的机器学习算法。作为案例研究,我们介绍了一次现场活动,该活动采用这些方法绘制了以海草、海藻和海带为主的沿海地区地图,此外还有沉积物和岩石。这种详细而高效的绘图和分类有助于了解和可持续地管理具有生态价值的海洋生态系统。
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引用次数: 0
A study protocol for a randomized clinical trial on exposure and effects of pesticides consumption - the PEST-EXPO Brazil study 关于农药消费的暴露和影响的随机临床试验的研究方案--巴西 PEST-EXPO 研究
IF 1.6 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102942
Júlia Oliveira Penteado , Laiz Coutelle Honscha , Caroline Lopes Feijo Fernandes , Paula Florencio Ramires , Ronan Adler Tavella , Fernanda Oliveira Reis , Mariane Pergher Soares , Lisiane Martins Volcão , Marina dos Santos , Ana Luiza Muccillo-Baisch , Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva-Júnior

Randomized clinical trials are considered the gold standard for studies with dietary interventions, which is mainly due to the fact that they can establish causal relationships between food exposure and body composition measures or biomarkers. The aim of this study was to describe the details of a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial protocol to identify, characterize and evaluate the effects of human dietary exposure to pesticide residues in food. Specific aspects of planning (development of a research question, determination of objectives, selection of participants, randomization and blinding) and performance (recruitment of participants, measures to improve adherence, data collection, follow-up and evaluation of results) are addressed in this study. The study design proved effective in characterizing dietary patterns with foods originating from both conventional and organic agriculture. A total of 148 individuals were recruited for the study. The conventional group was represented by 47 % of the sample and the organic group was represented by 53 %. The practice of evidence-based nutrition has demanded that trials be well designed and systematically performed in the field of clinical nutrition. Therefore, this clinical trial emphasizes the importance of improving studies with toxicological nutrition that assess sources of exposure through food.

  • This double-blind, randomized clinical trial details the protocol for identifying, characterizing, and evaluating the effects of dietary exposure to pesticide residues.

  • The protocol demonstrates that well-designed and systematically conducted trials emphasize the importance of robust methodologies in evidence-based nutrition.

  • In the face of the global climate crisis, this clinical trial underscores the importance of enhancing studies in toxicological nutrition, particularly those evaluating sources of exposure through food, to better understand the dietary impacts on health.

随机临床试验被认为是膳食干预研究的黄金标准,这主要是因为它们可以确定食物摄入量与身体成分测量或生物标志物之间的因果关系。本研究旨在描述双盲、随机临床试验方案的细节,以确定、描述和评估人类膳食暴露于食品中农药残留的影响。本研究探讨了计划(研究问题的提出、目标的确定、参与者的选择、随机化和盲法)和执行(参与者的招募、提高依从性的措施、数据收集、随访和结果评估)的具体方面。事实证明,这种研究设计能有效地描述传统农业和有机农业食品的膳食模式。研究共招募了 148 人。常规组占样本的 47%,有机组占样本的 53%。循证营养学的实践要求临床营养学领域的试验必须精心设计和系统进行。因此,这项临床试验强调了改进毒理学营养研究的重要性,以评估通过食物接触农药的来源。-面对全球气候危机,这项临床试验强调了加强毒理学营养学研究的重要性,特别是那些评估通过食物暴露源的研究,以便更好地了解膳食对健康的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Methodological Insights into Implementing cellular automata models for simulating seagrass dynamics: Responses to global change effects 实施细胞自动机模型模拟海草动态的方法论启示:对全球变化影响的响应
IF 1.6 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102936
Pedro Beca-Carretero , Marlene Meister , Mirta Teichberg , Agustin Moreira-Saporiti , Fabian Schneekloth , Hauke Reuter

This study introduces an innovative methodology employing Cellular Automata (CA) models to simulate seagrass dynamics in response to global environmental changes. The primary objective is to outline a procedural framework for constructing and deploying CA models applied to seagrass ecosystems, and potentially to other marine or terrestrial environments. The methodology encompasses various components, including conceptualization, workflow delineation, model parameterization, and execution steps. By utilizing Mediterranean and Zanzibari (East Africa) seagrass ecosystems as case studies, we demonstrate the versatility and applicability of the proposed approach across diverse geographical regions, species composition and model components. Through these case studies, we demonstrated how CA models can effectively capture the dynamics of seagrass communities subjected to climate change, invasive species, and nutrient regimes. Despite its strengths, the proposed CA model has limitations, including parameterization complexity and uncertainties related to species-specific environmental thresholds, growth rates and species interactions, alongside the difficulty of validating our models with real-world scenarios. Addressing these limitations in future studies will enhance the model's accuracy and applicability. This study serves as a foundation for future research in other regions and ecosystems, facilitating a better understanding of the complex interactions driving ecosystem dynamics.

  • This study introduces a methodology using Cellular Automata (CA) models to simulate seagrass dynamics detailing conceptualization, workflow, parameterization, and execution.

  • Case studies in Mediterranean and East Africa ecosystems demonstrate the versatility of CA models in capturing the impacts of climate change, invasive species, and nutrient regimes.

  • Despite strengths, the CA model has limitations and uncertainties like parameterization complexity and model validations suggesting future research to enhance accuracy and applicability.

本研究介绍了一种采用细胞自动机(CA)模型模拟海草动态响应全球环境变化的创新方法。主要目的是概述一个程序框架,用于构建和部署应用于海草生态系统以及其他海洋或陆地环境的细胞自动机模型。该方法包括概念化、工作流程划分、模型参数化和执行步骤等多个部分。通过利用地中海和桑给巴尔(东非)海草生态系统作为案例研究,我们展示了所建议方法在不同地理区域、物种组成和模型组件方面的多功能性和适用性。通过这些案例研究,我们展示了 CA 模型如何有效捕捉海草群落在气候变化、入侵物种和养分机制影响下的动态变化。尽管 CA 模型有其优势,但它也有局限性,包括参数化的复杂性和与特定物种环境阈值、生长率和物种相互作用相关的不确定性,以及用真实世界情景验证模型的困难。在未来的研究中解决这些局限性将提高模型的准确性和适用性。本研究为今后在其他地区和生态系统开展研究奠定了基础,有助于更好地理解驱动生态系统动态的复杂相互作用。-在地中海和东非生态系统中进行的案例研究表明,细胞自动机模型在捕捉气候变化、入侵物种和营养机制的影响方面具有多功能性。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling hidden aspects of GPS deployment on wildlife: A multistep and transdisciplinary approach to urban wild boar monitoring 揭开野生动物 GPS 部署的隐秘面纱:城市野猪监测的多步骤和跨学科方法
IF 1.6 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102931
Carole Marin , Laurent Couderchet

Studies of free-ranging wildlife often involve individual tracking by sequentially recording animals’ positions over a continuous and extended period. Automatic, programmable, operational continuously, and user-friendly thanks to the development of intuitive software, GPS (Global Positioning System) enable the acquisition of large quantities of data, day and night, regardless of field and weather conditions, while allowing for levels of spatial and temporal resolution in the location data never before achieved in wildlife tracking studies. However, GPS collars deployment on wild fauna does not directly translate into scientific outcomes. This article delves into the hidden aspects of telemetry programs, offering a reflective account of our transdisciplinary experience (between researchers and wildlife managers) in GPS tracking of urban wild boar. The described protocol and its discussion aim to outline the necessary conditions to benefit from GPS programs. The program first requires a common construction of the protocol, which meets the objectives of each partner. Second, raw data collection and transformation into information involve four steps. Finally, both technical and human-related dimensions are to be anticipated and considered for further analyses.

  • Transdisciplinary research requires a common construction of the protocol in line with the research question.

  • Technical constraints and negotiations between partners need to be considered.

  • Multiple steps are required to leverage the scientific advantages of the monitoring.

对自由活动的野生动物进行研究时,通常需要对动物进行个体跟踪,连续、长时间地记录动物的位置。GPS(全球定位系统)具有自动、可编程、连续运行和用户友好等特点,由于开发了直观的软件,因此无论白天黑夜,无论野外和天气条件如何,都能获取大量数据,同时使定位数据的空间和时间分辨率达到野生动物追踪研究前所未有的水平。然而,在野生动物身上安装 GPS 项圈并不能直接转化为科学成果。本文深入探讨了遥测项目中不为人知的方面,反思了我们(研究人员和野生动物管理人员)在对城市野猪进行 GPS 跟踪时的跨学科经验。所述方案及其讨论旨在概述从 GPS 项目中获益的必要条件。该计划首先需要共同制定协议,以满足每个合作伙伴的目标。其次,原始数据的收集和信息的转换涉及四个步骤。跨学科研究需要根据研究问题共同构建协议,需要考虑合作伙伴之间的技术限制和谈判。
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引用次数: 0
A detailed methodology for estimating health-related hazards of workplace exposure to indoor formaldehyde vapours 估算工作场所接触室内甲醛蒸汽对健康危害的详细方法
IF 1.6 Q2 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102937
Marzieh Belji Kangarlou , Alireza Dehdashti , Elaheh Saleh

A comprehensive risk assessment method was applied to examine the risks associated with airborne formaldehyde occupational exposure among hospital laboratory staff. The method assessed exposure levels and health impacts by integrating area and personal air sampling, biological monitoring, and self-reported health data. Samples were collected from 74 workplaces across various departments using NIOSH method 3500 and were analyzed via UV-vis spectrophotometry. The data showed significant differences in exposure levels between departments (p≤0.05) and confirmed the efficacy of the method in identifying risk differences. Despite average personal exposure levels being measured lower than occupational limits, individual assessments indicated that some participants surpassed these limits, emphasizing the necessity of personal monitoring for workers with higher risks. The high prevalence of respiratory symptoms, such as cough and wheezing among staff, indicated the need for further investigation and targeted interventions. Although estimated cancer and non-cancer risks were within safe thresholds, the study emphasized the importance of continuous exposure monitoring and the implementation of effective control measures in hospital laboratory departments with formaldehyde emission. This integrated method improved the reliability and generalizability of formaldehyde exposure risk assessments and aided in the development of safe occupational health practices.

  • The method integrated personal and area sampling with advanced calibration for precise occupational exposure evaluation in laboratories.

  • The method used of biomarkers to assess formaldehyde absorption in the body estimating both cancerous and non-cancerous health risks associated with occupational exposure.

  • Addressed traditional method limitations and integrated risk components to improve data reliability for workplace safety and health risk management.

我们采用了一种综合风险评估方法来研究医院实验室工作人员接触空气中甲醛的职业风险。该方法通过整合区域和个人空气采样、生物监测和自我报告的健康数据来评估接触水平和对健康的影响。采用 NIOSH 3500 方法从不同部门的 74 个工作场所收集样本,并通过紫外可见分光光度法进行分析。数据显示,不同部门之间的暴露水平存在明显差异(p≤0.05),并证实了该方法在识别风险差异方面的有效性。尽管测得的个人平均接触水平低于职业限值,但个人评估结果显示,一些参与者的接触水平超过了这些限值,这强调了对风险较高的工人进行个人监测的必要性。工作人员中出现咳嗽和喘息等呼吸道症状的比例很高,这表明有必要进行进一步调查并采取有针对性的干预措施。虽然估计的癌症和非癌症风险都在安全阈值之内,但这项研究强调了在有甲醛释放的医院实验室部门进行持续暴露监测和实施有效控制措施的重要性。这种综合方法提高了甲醛暴露风险评估的可靠性和可推广性,有助于制定安全的职业健康实践。
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