MethodsX最新文献

{"title":"An in depth investigation on device-to-device communication in heterogeneous networks: opportunities and challenges","authors":"Amjad Ali ,&nbsp;Aqsa Zehra ,&nbsp;Muhammad Nafees ,&nbsp;Muhammad Awais Amin","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate data from appropriate areas and in rural areas collect reliably and quickly with the help of UAVs. UAVs are used to gather any type of information either from land, sea, or air. The communication between UAV to UAV and UAV to the ground requires some linkage or a path for transmission. Device-to-device transmission is used to offload traffic in a congestion network. However, a D2D transmission is based on multiple networks. All these networks are collectively discussed in this paper included; cellular, 5G, military, ad-hoc, IoT, Social, and public safety scenarios. A variety of advantages in terms of reliability, latency, spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency, interference mitigation, high altitude, power optimization, autonomous relaying, increased throughput, high data rates, privacy, security, mode selection, FANET, MANET, VANET, coverage extension, and covert communication is given in this paper. Eventually, in this paper, we provide all the opportunities and challenges in D2D transmission over contrasting network domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 103777"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, support, and networking for Phelan-McDermid syndrome: a study protocol","authors":"Luca Colnaghi ,&nbsp;Giulia Villa ,&nbsp;Ilaria Marcomini ,&nbsp;Andrea Poliani ,&nbsp;Maya Fedeli ,&nbsp;Claudio Losi ,&nbsp;Debora Rosa ,&nbsp;Duilio Fiorenzo Manara","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by deletions in chromosome 22q13.3 or pathogenic variants in the SHANK3 gene. Individuals present with intellectual disability, autism-spectrum traits, seizures, gastrointestinal and motor issues, and sleep disturbances, requiring lifelong multidisciplinary care. In Italy, PMS care is fragmented and unevenly distributed, with families often providing intensive home-based support at high personal, financial, and social costs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This national participatory Citizen-Science study, conducted with the Italian Phelan-McDermid Syndrome Association (AISPHEM), will engage informal caregivers of individuals with genetically confirmed PMS across Italy. A qualitative phase using semi-structured online interviews will explore caregiving experiences, unmet needs, barriers to care, coping strategies, and social isolation. Insights will guide the creation of the first Italian PMS registry, capturing longitudinal clinical, socio-demographic, and caregiver-related data.</div></div><div><h3>Expected Results &amp; Conclusions</h3><div>The project will generate novel evidence on caregiver needs, develop the first national PMS registry, and produce a service map to support equitable, coordinated PMS care and a stronger national caregiver network in Italy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 103771"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) efficacy in patients with neurogenic dysphagia: Study Protocol","authors":"Carolina Fiorin Anhoque ,&nbsp;Bárbara Aguiar do Sacramento da Silva ,&nbsp;Luana Ximenes Comarela ,&nbsp;Amanda Mezabarba Raggazzi ,&nbsp;Walter Gomes da Silva Filho ,&nbsp;Fernanda Moura Vargas Dias ,&nbsp;Fernando Zanela da Silva Arêas","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have shown increasing scientific relevance due to their potential positive effects across several health domains, including rehabilitation and clinical treatment. Among these techniques, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of various neurological symptoms and conditions. Specifically, tDCS has shown potential benefits in speech therapy, hearing, voice modulation, and particularly in the treatment of neurogenic dysphagia. This feasibility study aims to assess the implementation of tDCS in patients with neurogenic dysphagia and to determine whether a future randomized controlled trial (RCT) is justified. The study will be conducted at the Neurorehabilitation and Neuromodulation Laboratory, located at the Interprofessional Health Clinic School (CEIS) of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Twelve patients will be recruited by convenience sampling and will undergo eight 30-minute tDCS sessions (twice a week over four weeks). Swallowing function will be assessed using the Dysphagia Risk Evaluation Protocol (PARD), the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10), and the Quality of Life in Swallowing Disorders Protocol (SWAL-QOL) before and after the intervention. This protocol offers preliminary insights into the clinical feasibility of tDCS for dysphagia and contributes to the development of future clinical trials in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 103768"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The progressive power program: An exercise intervention to improve health outcomes in adults with overweight and obesity","authors":"V. Bilro ,&nbsp;A. Duarte Martins ,&nbsp;T. Sobral ,&nbsp;J.A. Parraca ,&nbsp;M.I. Varela-Silva ,&nbsp;N. Batalha","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study outlines the progressive power program (PPP), a structured exercise protocol developed for adults with overweight and obesity. The PPP integrates high-intensity interval training (HIIT), high-intensity functional training (HIFT), and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) within a progressive 12-week framework. Participants complete three 50-minute sessions per week, delivered either face-to-face or remotely, using bodyweight exercises and self-regulated pacing guided by heart rate monitoring and perceived exertion.</div><div>The protocol is described in sufficient detail to ensure reproducibility and adaptability across diverse clinical, community, and online settings. Emphasising accessibility, safety, and participant autonomy, the PPP aims to reduce barriers related to equipment, supervision, and location. Standardised procedures for anthropometric, functional, and behavioural assessments reinforce methodological rigour.</div><div>By combining evidence-based exercise modalities with scalable delivery strategies, the PPP offers a resource-efficient and adaptable approach to promoting physical activity and supporting weight management. Its methodological design aligns with public health priorities by addressing physical inactivity, reducing sedentary behaviour, and improving health outcomes in at-risk populations.<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>Designed a progressive 12-week exercise protocol incorporating HIIT, HIFT, and MICT modalities.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Assessed feasibility and reach by comparing face-to-face and remote delivery formats.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Evaluated physical, functional, and behavioural outcomes before and after the intervention.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 103766"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative parallel grasshopper optimization algorithm for reliability optimization","authors":"Dipti Singh,&nbsp;Neha Chand","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel Parallel Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (p-GOA), specifically designed to address reliability optimization problems. Although several hybrid algorithms exist in this field, the proposed p-GOA distinctly differs through its parallel cooperative strategy. Unlike sequential methods that apply techniques one after another, p-GOA simultaneously divides the population into two groups operating in parallel: one group employs a migration strategy (SOMA) for broad global exploration of the search space, while the other utilizes a mutation operator (NUMO) for focused local refinement of solutions. This dual-strategy parallel operation creates achieving a stronger balance between global exploration and local refinement, while a smart penalty-free method naturally steers the search toward workable solutions. When tested on four well-known reliability problems, the results demonstrate that our method consistently finds more reliable systems and converges faster than existing approaches, demonstrating its effectiveness in handling real-world engineering constraints.</div><div>● This study introduces a Parallel Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (p-GOA) that integrates GOA, SOMA, and a Non-Uniform Mutation Operator (NUMO). It employs mutation, migration, and a parallel approach to efficiently explore both feasible and near-feasible regions without relying on penalty functions.</div><div>● The p-GOA dividing the population into two parallel groups—one updated using SOMA-based migration and the other using NUMO-based mutation. This dual-strategy, simultaneous processing not only accelerates convergence but also strengthens the balance between global search and local optimization.</div><div>● Specifically targets reliability optimization problems, particularly redundancy allocation issues where components must meet specific reliability and resource consumption (cost, weight, volume) constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 103759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rapid Initial Community Builder (RICB) V1.1 for LANDIS-II","authors":"Steven A Flanagan ,&nbsp;Zachary J. Robbins ,&nbsp;Mac A. Callaham Jr ,&nbsp;J. Kevin Hiers ,&nbsp;Brian R. Miranda ,&nbsp;Joseph J. O’Brien ,&nbsp;Robert M. Scheller ,&nbsp;E. Louise Loudermilk","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest succession, or ecosystem process models, can aid in many land management decisions as they inherently incorporate ecological processes to predict how disturbances impact the resilience of the forest and its potential future structure. The landscape class of ecosystem process models are often ideal for management goals as they simulate individual tree species interactions through time at the landscape scale and offer a robust assortment of disturbance extensions. However, broad implementation and adoption are often limited as users must rebuild the landscape models for every new site of interest. Creation of the initial forest communities that all model simulations depend on, can be particularly time consuming. To address this issue, we created the Rapid Initial Community Builder (RICB) that:<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>Starts with high resolution CONtinental United States (CONUS) forest coverage and type data.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Makes modifications to the data for use in the landscape class ecosystem process model LANDIS-II.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Packages everything in an executable file that eliminates coding language or version barriers.</div></span></li></ul>Thus, greatly reducing the initialization time often associated with the intensive data assimilation techniques commonly used to generate initial communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 103765"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing missing MUKEYs in the QSWAT+ SSURGO database","authors":"Mahesh R. Tapas ,&nbsp;Asmita Murumkar ,&nbsp;Chris George ,&nbsp;Brian Brandt ,&nbsp;Jay Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Soil and Water Assessment Tool Plus (SWAT+) is a widely used hydrological model for simulating water flow, sediment transport, and the impacts of land management on watersheds. It relies on soil data to represent how soil properties influence water movement, nutrient cycling, and crop growth within a watershed. The Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database provides detailed, high-resolution soil information essential for such modeling. However, a common challenge arises when missing (Map Unit Keys) in the SWAT+ SSURGO database prevents the creation of Hydrological Response Units (HRUs), effectively halting model development. This study presents a method using QGIS to resolve missing MUKEY issues. Specifically, we demonstrate the use of QGIS's Eliminate Selected Polygons tool with the \"Largest Common Boundary\" option to merge missing MUKEY polygons, maintaining spatial coherence and enabling HRU generation. This approach simplifies the workflow, reduces manual effort, and improves model readiness and accuracy.<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>The study presents a method for resolving missing MUKEYs in the QSWAT+ SSURGO database, facilitating further development of SWAT+ and minimizing manual errors.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>QSWAT+ version 3.0.2 improves error reporting by listing missing MUKEYs in the QGIS log, simplifying troubleshooting.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Using QGIS’s Eliminate Selected Polygons tool with the \"Largest Common Boundary\" option preserves spatial integrity while addressing missing data gaps.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 103764"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A protocol for assessing smallholder farmers’ climate resilience: A guidance for researchers to construct a robust multidimensional domain","authors":"Imade Yoga Prasada ,&nbsp;Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo ,&nbsp;Hani Perwitasari ,&nbsp;Agus Dwi Nugroho","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the theoretical frameworks on climate resilience of smallholder farmers have continued to develop. This has encouraged the emergence of a variety of domains, indicators, and items. Meanwhile, inappropriate construct domains, indicators, and items can lead to biased research findings. Therefore, developing a robust construct domain, indicators, and items requires a clear, easily understood, and statistically accountable protocol. This protocol emphasizes the formation of a framework for conducting a statistical approach to assess smallholder farmers’ climate resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 103763"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Existence, Stability, and Control of Glucose-Insulin Dynamics via Caputo-Fabrizio Fractal-Fractional Operators","authors":"Sayed Saber ,&nbsp;Abdullah A. Alahmari","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103757","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study presents a novel numerical framework for simulating glucose-insulin regulatory dynamics using the Caputo-Fabrizio (CF) fractal-fractional operator with both constant and variable fractional orders. The model incorporates an exponential decay kernel to capture memory and hereditary effects in metabolic regulation. A Newton interpolation-based numerical scheme is developed to approximate the CF-FF derivatives, ensuring computational stability and accuracy. For the variable-order formulation, the fractional order &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;β&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; dynamically evolves with time, reflecting physiological variability typically observed during intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT). Numerical experiments reproduce physiologically realistic glucose-insulin oscillations and demonstrate how feedback control stabilizes chaotic metabolic behavior. The results are based entirely on simulation evidence calibrated within clinically reported parameter ranges, providing conceptual validation rather than direct patient-data comparison. The proposed approach bridges mathematical fractional calculus with biomedical applications, offering new insights for personalized diabetes management and adaptive glucose control strategies.&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fractal-fractional model formulation capturing glucose-insulin memory and adaptation&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stable numerical scheme using Newton interpolation for accurate fractional integration&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Linear feedback control applied to regulate chaotic glucose-insulin dynamics&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Numerical Methodology for glucose-insulin dynamics. Our investigation of the fractal-fractional glucose-insulin system employs the following analytical framework:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Model Development: We formulate a fractal-fractional-order extension of the minimal glucose insulin model, incorporating an exponential decay type kernel to capture the system's memory effects and anomalous diffusion characteristics inherent in metabolic processes. The model accounts for both insulin-dependent and independent glucose utilization dynamics.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;Computational Implementation: We develop a novel numerical solver based on Newton's interpolation polynomials, implementing the Atangana-Seda fractal-fractional derivative formulation. This method provides an efficient computational framework for solving the coupled nonlinear fractional differential equations while maintaining numerical stability across different fractional orders.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;The purpose of this section is to define a mathematical model to study the dynamic behavior of glucose-insulin physiology.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;•&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;div&gt;With the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton numerical scheme, we compute the Lyap","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 103757"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study on hypertension and diabetes care cascade and prevalence of noncommunicable diseases risk factors in Tamil Nadu: rationale and methods","authors":"Archana Ramalingam ,&nbsp;Joshua Chadwick ,&nbsp;Mosoniro Kriina ,&nbsp;Manjula Devi Neelavanan ,&nbsp;Anusuya Govindan ,&nbsp;Devendhiran R ,&nbsp;Vettrichelvan Venkatasamy ,&nbsp;Emily Devasagayam ,&nbsp;Surya Joseph ,&nbsp;Swathy Madhusoodanan ,&nbsp;Bhoopathy Kangusamy ,&nbsp;Sabarinathan Ramaswamy ,&nbsp;Elavarasu Govindasamy ,&nbsp;Kalaimani I ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar Paparaju ,&nbsp;Chokkalingam D ,&nbsp;Dinesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Daniel Rajasekar ,&nbsp;Augustine Duraisamy ,&nbsp;Sudharshini Subramaniam ,&nbsp;Manoj Murekhar","doi":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mex.2025.103753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tamil Nadu conducted the first round of WHO STEPS survey in 2020 to assess non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors. In 2021, subsequently the state launched the Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam (MTM) initiative to deliver home-based care for individuals with NCDs. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, we designed a population-based survey in 2023–2024 using electoral booth sampling as a primary sampling unit to assess control rates of hypertension and diabetes among individuals aged 18–69 years using the same WHO STEPS approach. Secondary objective was to estimate the prevalence of behavioural and biological NCD risk factors. A multistage cluster sampling method was used across the Tamil Nadu. A total of 8880 participants were selected from 148 clusters. One eligible adult per household was selected using the KISH method. Data were collected through interviews such as sociodemographic, anthropometric and biological parameters. This survey is the first in Tamil Nadu to use updated electoral data as a sampling frame to estimate the care cascade of the hypertension and diabetes. Although limited by its cross-sectional design and lack of biochemical markers test like HbA1c and cholesterol, the survey offers a practical and scalable model for NCD surveillance in India.<ul><li><span>•</span><span><div>This study used the updated electoral booth data as primary sampling units in the absence of recent census data (India) to ensure the population representativeness.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Comprehensive assessment of hypertension and diabetes care cascade including prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates among the individual aged 18–69 years.</div></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><div>Designed to evaluate the impact of Makkalai Thedi Maruthuvam (MTM) scheme and support to evidence based NCD intervention in Tamil Nadu.</div></span></li></ul></div></div>","PeriodicalId":18446,"journal":{"name":"MethodsX","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 103753"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}