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Critique of Medical Perspective on the Beginning of Human Person Based on Biblical and Biological Insights 基于《圣经》和生物学观点对人类起源医学观点的批判
Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.26593/mel.v38i2.7398
Ferriandis Harsono
Many people and (Catholic) medical practitioners use or provide all kinds of contraceptives, including those that work by preventing implantation of zygote. Some medical experts affirm that preventing implantation of zygote is not an abortion because before the implantation, zygote is not considered as human person and does not have basic rights to live as human person. However, the Catholic Church affirms that human life must be respected and given the basic rights to live as human person since the conception. The difference between medical experts and the Catholic Church results from the different perspectives on the time of the beginning of human person. Both medical experts and the Catholic Church agree that human life begins at the time of conception, but they do not agree that human person begins at the time of conception. Many medical experts say that after the conception and before the implantation, zygote can split into identical twins so that human personhood cannot be determined before the implantation. In this article, the medical perspective will be criticized using biblical and biological insights. These insights may enlighten us that preventing an implantation of zygote is an abortion because zygote is already a human person.
许多人和(天主教)医务人员使用或提供各种避孕药具,包括那些通过防止胎儿植入而起作用的避孕药具。一些医学专家认为,阻止胚胎植入不是堕胎,因为胚胎在植入之前不被视为人,没有作为人生活的基本权利。然而,天主教会认为,人的生命从受孕开始就必须得到尊重,并享有作为人生活的基本权利。医学专家与天主教会之间的分歧源于对人类起源时间的不同看法。医学专家和天主教会都同意人的生命始于受孕之时,但他们并不同意人始于受孕之时。许多医学专家表示,在受孕之后和植入之前,合子可以分裂成同卵双胞胎,因此在植入之前无法确定人的身份。本文将用圣经和生物学的观点对医学观点进行批判。这些见解可能会启发我们,阻止胚胎植入就是堕胎,因为胚胎已经是一个人了。
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引用次数: 0
Tradisi Biantara dan Paparikan dalam Pembuka Tata Ibadat Pemberkatan Pertunangan Masyarakat Sunda-Katolik 巽他-天主教订婚祈福仪式开幕式上的比安塔拉(Biantara)和帕帕里坎(Paparikan)传统习俗
Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.26593/mel.v38i2.7401
Thomas Galih Joko Riyanto
Language is an inseparable element of culture and is capable of expressing complex realities. The universal Church and the local churches are connected in the process of inculturation of faith, where pastoral workers should pay attention to the local socio-cultural conditions. Inculturation is not only considered in rituals, but also has an impact on the moral-ethical dimension of the faithful. The principles of lex orandi and lex credendi can be complemented by the principle of lex agendi, where the spreading of the Gospel not only teaches truths but also introduces culturally relevant elements in the process of inculturation. Inculturation in the Sundanese culture as the context of this article requires wise steps and in-depth study to understand the backgrounds and the theological perspective of the local culture. This article analyzes the role of Biantara and Paparikan of the Sundanese culture in the ritual of engagement in the Catholic Church as well as in the preparatory exercises. This practice of inculturation needs to be evaluated in order to reconsider the viewpoints of the faithful, the need for further development, and the possible modifications that might be required in the local church context.
语言是文化不可分割的元素,能够表达复杂的现实。在信仰文化化的过程中,普世教会和地方教会是相互联系的,牧民工作者应关注当地的社会文化状况。信仰的文化化不仅体现在仪式上,还影响到信徒的道德伦理层面。在传播福音的过程中,不仅要传授真理,还要引入与文化相关的元素,在此过程中,"lex orandi "和 "lex credendi "原则可以得到 "lex agendi "原则的补充。在本文所涉及的巽他文化中进行文化熏陶需要明智的步骤和深入的研究,以了解当地文化的背景和神学观点。本文分析了巽他文化中的比安塔拉(Biantara)和帕帕里干(Paparikan)在加入天主教会的仪式以及准备工作中的作用。为了重新考虑信众的观点、进一步发展的必要性以及在当地教会背景下可能需要进行的修改,需要对这种文化融合的做法进行评估。
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引用次数: 0
Membongkar Rasionalitas: Pemikiran Amartya Sen tentang Kekuasaan Ekonomi 瓦解理性:阿马蒂亚-森关于经济权力的思考
Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.26593/mel.v38i3.7408
Wilhelmus F. N. Runesi
Discussing about rationality is often releated to human actions, because humans are considered as rationalist creatures who act to realize and decide things with their thinking abilities. The question is whether the society is becoming less critical in seeing the political games played by the power elite, or the authorities are using power to create fear by spreading some rationalizing concepts in such a way that they are accepted as truth. By tracing Amartya Sen’s thoughts, the author of this article tries to show the initial position (arche) of economics as a moral science, which seems to have been poisoned by desires for self-interest only. This article tries to reveal the fallacy of rationality behind the policies that have been used to implement power, which in this case have been promulgated by the government regarding economics in order to overcome various social and humanitarian problems such as poverty, hunger, and injustice in the society.
关于理性的讨论往往与人类的行为有关,因为人类被认为是理性主义的动物,他们用自己的思维能力来认识和决定事物。问题在于,是社会在看到权贵们玩弄的政治游戏时变得不再那么挑剔,还是当局在利用权力制造恐惧,通过传播一些合理化的概念,让人们将其奉为真理。通过追溯阿马蒂亚-森的思想,本文作者试图展示经济学作为一门道德科学的最初立场(原型),而这一立场似乎已被只为自身利益的欲望所毒化。本文试图揭示用来实施权力的政策背后的理性谬误,在本案例中,政府颁布了有关经济学的政策,以克服各种社会和人道主义问题,如社会中的贫困、饥饿和不公正。
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引用次数: 0
Johann Adam Möhler’s Dynamic Ecclesiology 约翰-亚当-莫勒的动态教会神学
Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.26593/mel.v38i3.7406
Thomas Kristiatmo
Along with Kant’s sapere aude, the Enlightenment brought about a certain kind of rigidity as though everything could only be understood by way of logical reasoning through a set of inflexible procedures. When the Church was understood within this movement, it lost its dynamic and organic dimension. Romanticism, as the counter movement of the Enlightenment, brough new inspiration as to how one should do ecclesiology. Möhler took the chance. His ecclesiology is influenced by romanticism without being too abstract. His ecclesiology is exemplary of a creative ecclesiology that can manage various tensions due to different ways of understanding the nature of the Church.
与康德的 "听觉"(sapere aude)一起,启蒙运动带来了某种僵化,仿佛一切都只能通过一套僵化的程序,以逻辑推理的方式来理解。当教会被理解为这场运动的一部分时,它就失去了动态和有机的维度。浪漫主义作为启蒙运动的对立面,为教会学的发展带来了新的灵感。莫勒抓住了这个机会。他的教会学受到浪漫主义的影响,但又不过于抽象。他的教会论是创造性教会论的典范,能够处理因对教会性质的不同理解而产生的各种紧张关系。
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引用次数: 0
Konsep Lera-Wulan Tana-Ekan Orang Lembata dalam Tinjauan Filsafat Agama Hegel: Suatu Upaya Berdialog 回顾黑格尔宗教哲学中的伦巴塔人的莱拉-乌兰-塔纳-埃坎概念:对话尝试
Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.26593/mel.v38i2.7400
Eric Yohanis Tatap
Faith and culture are often considered as interesting areas of topics for the academic discussions. They can become fruitful dialogue partners in the search of truth. Each area refers to the sources of truth at different levels compared to others outside of their areas. This article is an effort to reconcile the truth claims on the ontological and empirical levels by way of dialogue. The dialogue raised here brings together religion in Hegel’s philosophy and the cultural belief of the Lembata people called Lera-Wulan Tana-Ekan. Both are on different paths, one is a series of philosophical ideas while the other is a local wisdom from a certain part of Indonesia, particularly among the Lembata people in East Nusa Tenggara. This article aims to elevate the claims of truth that exist in a belief from a certain culture to the public domain of philosophy. The method used in this writing is dialectical by analyzing whether the ideas in Hegel’s philosophy of religion are in line with the beliefs held by the Lembata people. The belief in the universe, the highest morality, and the origin of creation are analyzed in relation to the movement of the Spirit discussed by Hegel in the natural religion, the religion of art, and the revealed religion.
信仰与文化常常被视为学术讨论的有趣话题。它们可以成为寻求真理过程中富有成效的对话伙伴。与各自领域之外的其他领域相比,每个领域都在不同层面上提及真理之源。本文试图通过对话,调和本体论和经验论层面的真理主张。本文提出的对话将黑格尔哲学中的宗教与被称为 Lera-Wulan Tana-Ekan 的伦巴塔人的文化信仰结合在一起。二者走的是不同的道路,一个是一系列哲学思想,而另一个则是印度尼西亚某个地区,特别是东努沙登加拉省伦巴塔人的地方智慧。本文旨在将某种文化信仰中的真理主张提升到哲学的公共领域。本文采用的方法是辩证法,分析黑格尔的宗教哲学思想是否与伦巴塔人的信仰一致。本文将结合黑格尔在自然宗教、艺术宗教和启示宗教中论述的精神运动,对宇宙信仰、最高道德和创世起源进行分析。
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引用次数: 0
Problem Argumen Improbabilitas dalam The God Delusion: Kritik terhadap New Atheism Dawkins 上帝的妄想》中的不可能性论证问题:对道金斯新无神论的批判
Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.26593/mel.v38i3.7409
Reza Alfarizi, Naupal Asnawi
This article aims to criticize the improbability argument put forth by Dawkins, which serves as the central thesis in the new atheism. Dawkins uses this thesis to justify religion as the root of evil and violence, while also forms the basis for the denial of the existence of God. The improbability argument fundamentally has some issues ontologically, epistemologically, and ethically. Dawkins constructs the improbability argument by referring to his explanation in “The Ultimate Boeing 747” and the theory of natural selection, in which he considers creation from nothingness to be as improbable as the spontaneous formation of a Boeing 747 from a tornado’s debris. Dawkins also criticizes the NOMA perspective that positions Science and Theology as equals. Through the framework of critical realism, this article demonstrates the philosophical problems in Dawkins’ improbability argument, which reduces reality (ontology) based on subjective perception (epistemology), and thus obscuring the uniqueness of natural phenomenon and negating the existence of God. Alternative ethical perspectives regarding religion and God are presented to address Dawkins’ accusations to religion as a source of evil and violence.
本文旨在批评道金斯提出的不可能性论证,该论证是新无神论的核心论点。道金斯利用这一论点为宗教辩护,认为宗教是邪恶和暴力的根源,同时也构成了否认上帝存在的基础。从根本上说,不可能性论证在本体论、认识论和伦理学上都存在一些问题。道金斯通过引用他在《终极波音747》中的解释和自然选择理论来构建不可能性论证,他认为从虚无中创造就像从龙卷风的碎片中自发形成波音747一样不可能。道金斯还批评了将科学与神学等同看待的 NOMA 观点。通过批判现实主义框架,本文论证了道金斯的不可能性论证中存在的哲学问题,该论证基于主观感知(认识论)还原了现实(本体论),从而掩盖了自然现象的独特性,否定了上帝的存在。针对道金斯指责宗教是邪恶和暴力之源的观点,提出了有关宗教和上帝的其他伦理观点。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Philosophy on Religious Education for High School Students 哲学对高中生宗教教育的影响
Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.26593/mel.v38i3.7405
Andreas Doweng Bolo, M. B. B. Simanjuntak, Masmuni Mahatma
This article is a result of a research conducted to examine the interrelation between religion and philosophy and to measure how such interaction is embodied in religious subjects taught in middle-high schools in Indonesia. This is considered important because in Indonesian national education, the religious dimension is regarded fundamental and therefore must be emphasised. The classes are divided based on the students’ religion. In order to prevent such division becomes religious segregation that could lead to practices of intolerance, philosophy is proposed as a rational solution to bridge the discrepancy. This is considered imperative so that in school religion is not understood as an exclusive set of doctrines, but as a subject in education process that brings inclusive and pluralistic attitudes. Three basic and important characteristics are analysed in this article, that is, the breadth of perspective about God, the openness towards other religions, and the willingness to embrace science in general.
本文是一项研究的成果,该研究旨在探讨宗教与哲学之间的相互关系,并衡量这种互动关系如何体现在印度尼西亚初中的宗教科目教学中。这一点非常重要,因为在印尼的国民教育中,宗教层面被视为基础,因此必须予以强调。班级是根据学生的宗教信仰划分的。为了防止这种分班成为可能导致不宽容行为的宗教隔离,我们提出了哲学作为弥合差异的合理解决方案。这被认为是势在必行的,这样,在学校里,宗教就不会被理解为一套排他性的教义,而会被理解为教育过程中的一门学科,带来包容和多元的态度。本文分析了三个基本而重要的特征,即对上帝的看法的广度、对其他宗教的开放性以及对科学的普遍接受意愿。
{"title":"The Impact of Philosophy on Religious Education for High School Students","authors":"Andreas Doweng Bolo, M. B. B. Simanjuntak, Masmuni Mahatma","doi":"10.26593/mel.v38i3.7405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/mel.v38i3.7405","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a result of a research conducted to examine the interrelation between religion and philosophy and to measure how such interaction is embodied in religious subjects taught in middle-high schools in Indonesia. This is considered important because in Indonesian national education, the religious dimension is regarded fundamental and therefore must be emphasised. The classes are divided based on the students’ religion. In order to prevent such division becomes religious segregation that could lead to practices of intolerance, philosophy is proposed as a rational solution to bridge the discrepancy. This is considered imperative so that in school religion is not understood as an exclusive set of doctrines, but as a subject in education process that brings inclusive and pluralistic attitudes. Three basic and important characteristics are analysed in this article, that is, the breadth of perspective about God, the openness towards other religions, and the willingness to embrace science in general.","PeriodicalId":18472,"journal":{"name":"MELINTAS","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spiritualitas Pelayanan dan Pewartaan di Dunia Digital oleh Kaum Religius dan Rohaniwan 宗教和灵修人士在数字世界中的传道和宣讲精神
Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.26593/mel.v38i2.7402
Gregorius Dimas Arya Pradipta, H. Tedjoworo
In Christianity, religious and priests express their respective spirituality in various unique ways, different from the laity. This article explores the emerging spiritualities in serving the faithful by way of evangelization in everyday life, especially those expressed in the contents spread over the digital world by Catholic religious and priests. Spirituality motivates them to create different ways of catechesis and evangelization and at the same time challenges and deepens their motivations, especially in the middle of today’s technological leaps. The author also proposes some practical recommendations for religious and priests in refreshing their interpretations of their respective spirituality in order to proclaim the Gospel to the ever-connected people in the world. Refreshing their motivations in serving the faithful in this digital age can particularly help them be faithful to the calling of the Lord. This article invites religious to recontextualize the spirituality of their respective congregation and priests to recontextualize the spirituality of their respective diocese. In this digital age, their works might be called a kind of contemporary digital catechesis that connects the faithful from all over the world and that continues the Church’s mission today.
在基督教中,修士和神父以不同于教友的各种独特方式表达各自的灵修。本文探讨了在日常生活中以福传方式服务信众的新兴灵修,尤其是天主教修士和神父在数字世界传播的内容中所表达的灵修。灵性促使他们创造不同的传教和福传方式,同时也挑战和深化了他们的动机,尤其是在当今技术飞跃的时代。作者还为修士和神父提出了一些实用的建议,帮助他们重新诠释各自的灵修,以便向世界上不断互联的人们宣讲福音。在这个数字时代,刷新他们为信众服务的动机尤其有助于他们忠于主的呼召。本文邀请修会人士重新构建各自会众的灵修,并邀请司铎重新构建各自教区的灵修。在这个数字时代,他们的作品可以被称为一种当代数字教义,将世界各地的信友联系在一起,延续教会今天的使命。
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引用次数: 0
Kristus Kosmis Menurut Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 克里斯图斯-科斯米斯-梅努鲁特-皮埃尔-泰哈德-德-夏尔丹
Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.26593/mel.v38i2.7399
Ambrosius S. Haward
Science and theology are often confronted each other since these two disciplines have developed their respective methods. The first is based on empirical research, while the later is based on faith reflection. At the same time, it seems difficult to find theological reflection which bases its reflection on scientific invention. Among a few theologians who base their theological reflection on scientific invention is Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. This article, by way of a literature research, explains Teilhard’s reflection on Christology based on his view of evolution theory. In this article, the author combines Teilhard’s writings about Christological reflection and other theologians’ writings exploring Teilhard’s thoughts. Teilhard was influenced by Henri Bergson’s view of evolution. Nevertheless, quite different from Bergson’s view about evolution as an aimless movement, Teilhard, on the contrary, sees the evolution as a process with a definite purpose to the Omega point. The Omega point is another name of Christ, as the apex of the evolution of all creation.
科学和神学经常相互对抗,因为这两门学科已经发展出各自的方法。前者以实证研究为基础,后者则以信仰反思为基础。同时,似乎也很难找到以科学发明为基础的神学反思。在少数以科学发明为神学反思基础的神学家中,有皮埃尔-泰哈-德-夏尔丹(Pierre Teilhard de Chardin)。本文通过文献研究,阐释了泰勒哈德基于进化论观点对基督论的反思。在这篇文章中,作者结合了 Teilhard 关于基督论反思的著作和其他神学家探讨 Teilhard 思想的著作。泰哈德受到亨利-柏格森(Henri Bergson)进化论观点的影响。然而,与柏格森认为进化论是漫无目的的运动的观点截然不同,泰勒哈德却认为进化论是一个有明确目的的过程,最终会到达欧米茄点。欧米茄点是基督的另一个名字,是所有造物进化的顶点。
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引用次数: 0
Spiritualitas Humanum: Penghargaan Martabat Kaum Perempuan di Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi Katolik 人文精神:尊重天主教高等教育机构中女性的尊严
Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.26593/mel.v38i3.7407
Andrian Widi Karyanto, H. Tedjoworo
An institution of Catholic higher education as an academic community is tasked with protecting and respecting the dignity of human life. It has an institutional autonomy to carry out its functions and guarantee its members a freedom based on the values of truth, justice, equality, and general welfare. Its vision leads to the formation of a community that is authentically human (humanum) and imbued with the spirit of Christ. Everyone involved in this higher education is inspired by the Christian principles and therefore is encouraged to live out their Christian calling in a mature and responsible manner. Catholic higher education as part of the Church must give a space for spiritual life assistance for young people who are studying in the institution. Furthermore, it should pay attention to all the problems and the needs of the students today, especially those concerning the human dignity. This article proposes a spirituality of humanum practised in a Catholic university as a framework for higher education in order to respect the dignity of women and men involved in the institution. In this framework, all individuals in the campus may increasingly experience acceptance and respect for their human dignity as noble image of God may live in accordance with the Christian values.
天主教高等教育机构作为一个学术团体,其任务是保护和尊重人的生命尊严。它拥有履行其职能的机构自主权,并保证其成员享有基于真理、正义、平等和普遍福利等价值观的自由。它的愿景是建立一个真正具有人性(humanum)和基督精神的社区。参与高等教育的每一个人都受到基督教原则的启发,因此,我们鼓励他们以成熟和负责任的方式来实现他们的基督呼召。作为教会的一部分,天主教高等教育必须为在校学习的年轻人提供精神生活援助的空间。此外,它还应关注当今学生的所有问题和需求,尤其是有关人的尊严的问题和需求。本文提出了一种在天主教大学中实践的人本灵修,作为高等教育的框架,以尊重该机构中男女参与者的尊严。在这一框架下,校园中的所有人都能越来越多地体验到对其作为上帝高贵形象的人的尊严的接受和尊重,并能按照基督教价值观生活。
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引用次数: 0
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