Amirreza Jahanshahi, B. Abdinia, Shahram Abdoli Oskouie, Mirhadi Mussavi, F. Alizadeh, Alireza Bashrakhah, Shahram Sadeghvand, M. Akbari
Background. Children's meningitis is associated with many complications and deaths. Therefore, it is critical to develop reliable and available methods to predict these complications, diagnose them in a timely manner, and prevent the progression of complications. This study aimed to investigate the findings of computed tomography (CT) scan in patients with meningitis and evaluate its association with prognosis. Methods. In this cross-sectional analytical study, we investigated the clinical files of 100 patients with meningitis (preferably bacterial meningitis) in Tabriz Children's Hospital, Iran between 2013-2017. The results of CT scan and disease complications were recorded and analyzed by statistical software. Results. Common symptoms identified in the patients included fever (88%), nausea and vomiting (36%), headache (27%), and convulsions (25%). Also, the results of CT scan included cerebral effusion (16%), hydrocephalus (7%), diffuse cerebral edema (7%), and cerebral atrophy (4%). Statistical analysis indicated a statistically significant association between the complications of meningitis (learning disorder, epilepsy, and hearing disorder) and the results of CT scan (cerebral effusion, diffuse cerebral edema, and hydrocephalus). Conclusion. CT scan can be used as an early diagnostic and prognostic method in children with meningitis. Practical Implications. Meningitis is associated with many complications and deaths, and the lack of diagnostic methods and accurate prognosis is one of the important challenges in this field. Therefore, identifying and introducing accurate and cheap methods for predicting these complications and taking early measures to prevent the development of complications and treatment can be beneficial. The results of the present study showed that CT scan can be used as an early diagnostic and prognostic method in children with meningitis.
{"title":"Findings of Brain CT Scan in Patients Hospitalized with Meningitis in Tabriz Children's Hospital and Its Association with Prognosis","authors":"Amirreza Jahanshahi, B. Abdinia, Shahram Abdoli Oskouie, Mirhadi Mussavi, F. Alizadeh, Alireza Bashrakhah, Shahram Sadeghvand, M. Akbari","doi":"10.34172/mj.2022.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/mj.2022.046","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Children's meningitis is associated with many complications and deaths. Therefore, it is critical to develop reliable and available methods to predict these complications, diagnose them in a timely manner, and prevent the progression of complications. This study aimed to investigate the findings of computed tomography (CT) scan in patients with meningitis and evaluate its association with prognosis. Methods. In this cross-sectional analytical study, we investigated the clinical files of 100 patients with meningitis (preferably bacterial meningitis) in Tabriz Children's Hospital, Iran between 2013-2017. The results of CT scan and disease complications were recorded and analyzed by statistical software. Results. Common symptoms identified in the patients included fever (88%), nausea and vomiting (36%), headache (27%), and convulsions (25%). Also, the results of CT scan included cerebral effusion (16%), hydrocephalus (7%), diffuse cerebral edema (7%), and cerebral atrophy (4%). Statistical analysis indicated a statistically significant association between the complications of meningitis (learning disorder, epilepsy, and hearing disorder) and the results of CT scan (cerebral effusion, diffuse cerebral edema, and hydrocephalus). Conclusion. CT scan can be used as an early diagnostic and prognostic method in children with meningitis. Practical Implications. Meningitis is associated with many complications and deaths, and the lack of diagnostic methods and accurate prognosis is one of the important challenges in this field. Therefore, identifying and introducing accurate and cheap methods for predicting these complications and taking early measures to prevent the development of complications and treatment can be beneficial. The results of the present study showed that CT scan can be used as an early diagnostic and prognostic method in children with meningitis.","PeriodicalId":18474,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74314241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Amiri, Sardari Mamaghani Negar, S. Farhang, Sima Mansouri Derakhshan, M. Shekari Khaniani, Leila Mehdizadeh Fanid
Background. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders starting at an early age with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and impulsivity. This study aimed to investigate the molecular alterations of the DRD4 gene, which have been linked to ADHD in previous studies with respect to the dose of methylphenidate. Methods. The study population included all ADHD patients needing drug therapy aged 5-18 years referred to Bozorgmehr psychiatric clinic in Tabriz in 2017 for one year. After diagnosis, symptoms severity was assessed using the Conners Scale for ADHD Assessment. Then, 4 ml of blood was collected from each individual and DNA was extracted using salting out method. After performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the products were separated using specific restriction enzymes and then polymorphisms of Ex3 VNTR and rs3758653 of DRD4 gene were analyzed in 2% agarose gel. The last dose to achieve the therapeutic response was recorded in mg/kg. Then, we investigated the relationship between the doses of drug used to achieve the therapeutic response and the existence of the mentioned polymorphisms. Results. There was no significant relationship between treatment response and type of polymorphism. Also, there was no significant relationship between the average dose of drug and the polymorphisms of three replicates, four replicates, six replicates, and more than six replicates in EX3VNTR in DRD4 gene. In addition, we witnessed no statistically significant relationship between the mean drug dose and CC, TC, and TT genotypes in DRD4rs3758653. Conclusion. There was no significant relationship between treatment response and type of polymorphism. There was no significant relationship between the average dose of drug and the polymorphisms of three replicate, four replicates, six replicates and more than six replicates in EX3VNTR in DRD4 gene. Between mean drug dose and CC, TC and TT genotypes in DRD4rs3758653, there was no statistically significant relationship. Practical Implications. Determining the reduction of ADHD symptoms by taking methylphenidate and evaluating the relationship between presence or absence of DRD4 polymorphisms and the dosage of drug to achieve a better response to treatment can collect enough evidence to determine the dose of methylphenidate according to the molecular analysis of DRD4 gene in patients with ADHD. This can reduce doctor visits, save time, and decrease the drug side effects.
{"title":"Evaluating the relationship between Ex3 vNTR and rs3758653 polymorphisms in DRD4 genes in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with respect to the dose of methylphenidate","authors":"S. Amiri, Sardari Mamaghani Negar, S. Farhang, Sima Mansouri Derakhshan, M. Shekari Khaniani, Leila Mehdizadeh Fanid","doi":"10.34172/mj.2022.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/mj.2022.042","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders starting at an early age with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and impulsivity. This study aimed to investigate the molecular alterations of the DRD4 gene, which have been linked to ADHD in previous studies with respect to the dose of methylphenidate. Methods. The study population included all ADHD patients needing drug therapy aged 5-18 years referred to Bozorgmehr psychiatric clinic in Tabriz in 2017 for one year. After diagnosis, symptoms severity was assessed using the Conners Scale for ADHD Assessment. Then, 4 ml of blood was collected from each individual and DNA was extracted using salting out method. After performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the products were separated using specific restriction enzymes and then polymorphisms of Ex3 VNTR and rs3758653 of DRD4 gene were analyzed in 2% agarose gel. The last dose to achieve the therapeutic response was recorded in mg/kg. Then, we investigated the relationship between the doses of drug used to achieve the therapeutic response and the existence of the mentioned polymorphisms. Results. There was no significant relationship between treatment response and type of polymorphism. Also, there was no significant relationship between the average dose of drug and the polymorphisms of three replicates, four replicates, six replicates, and more than six replicates in EX3VNTR in DRD4 gene. In addition, we witnessed no statistically significant relationship between the mean drug dose and CC, TC, and TT genotypes in DRD4rs3758653. Conclusion. There was no significant relationship between treatment response and type of polymorphism. There was no significant relationship between the average dose of drug and the polymorphisms of three replicate, four replicates, six replicates and more than six replicates in EX3VNTR in DRD4 gene. Between mean drug dose and CC, TC and TT genotypes in DRD4rs3758653, there was no statistically significant relationship. Practical Implications. Determining the reduction of ADHD symptoms by taking methylphenidate and evaluating the relationship between presence or absence of DRD4 polymorphisms and the dosage of drug to achieve a better response to treatment can collect enough evidence to determine the dose of methylphenidate according to the molecular analysis of DRD4 gene in patients with ADHD. This can reduce doctor visits, save time, and decrease the drug side effects.","PeriodicalId":18474,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79076540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farnaz Safari, L. Nikfarid, M. Nasiri, Maryam Mahdizadeh Shahri, N. Naseri, azam Shirin abadi farahani, M. Varzeshnejad
Background. Premature birth, in addition to causing health problems in infants, increases stress in the mother and reduces attachment between mother and baby. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of guided visualization on stress and attachment of mothers of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 35 mothers with premature infants admitted to the NICU of Mahdieh Hospital of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mothers were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. For mothers in the intervention group, the intervention was performed from the first to the fifth day of birth through training and sending guided imagery files. On the day of admission and discharge, the parental stress questionnaire and the postpartum attachment questionnaire were completed by the mother. SPSS software (version 20) was used to analyze the data. Results. The mean total score of maternal attachment on the fifth day of the intervention was significantly higher in the intervention group (P<0.001). Also, the mean total score of mothers' attachment status on the day of discharge was significantly higher in the intervention group (P<0.001). Conclusion. Implementation of guided visualization program reduced stress in mothers with premature infants admitted to the NICU, and consequently increased the level of attachment. Practical Implications. Mothers are the primary caregivers of infants, and promoting maternal health has an effect on infants. In addition to reducing stress in preterm infants, this study can help improve the quality of infant care and increase attachment and parenting. The present study offers a completely cost-effective way to reduce the costs of long-term hospitalization and improve the quality of nursing.
{"title":"The effect of guided imagery on stress and attachment of mothers of premature infants in neonatal intensive care unit: A quasi-experimental study","authors":"Farnaz Safari, L. Nikfarid, M. Nasiri, Maryam Mahdizadeh Shahri, N. Naseri, azam Shirin abadi farahani, M. Varzeshnejad","doi":"10.34172/mj.2022.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/mj.2022.043","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Premature birth, in addition to causing health problems in infants, increases stress in the mother and reduces attachment between mother and baby. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of guided visualization on stress and attachment of mothers of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods. This quasi-experimental study was performed on 35 mothers with premature infants admitted to the NICU of Mahdieh Hospital of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mothers were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. For mothers in the intervention group, the intervention was performed from the first to the fifth day of birth through training and sending guided imagery files. On the day of admission and discharge, the parental stress questionnaire and the postpartum attachment questionnaire were completed by the mother. SPSS software (version 20) was used to analyze the data. Results. The mean total score of maternal attachment on the fifth day of the intervention was significantly higher in the intervention group (P<0.001). Also, the mean total score of mothers' attachment status on the day of discharge was significantly higher in the intervention group (P<0.001). Conclusion. Implementation of guided visualization program reduced stress in mothers with premature infants admitted to the NICU, and consequently increased the level of attachment. Practical Implications. Mothers are the primary caregivers of infants, and promoting maternal health has an effect on infants. In addition to reducing stress in preterm infants, this study can help improve the quality of infant care and increase attachment and parenting. The present study offers a completely cost-effective way to reduce the costs of long-term hospitalization and improve the quality of nursing.","PeriodicalId":18474,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91004267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Nilchian, Neda Mosayebi, M. Tarrahi, Mohsen Nikfarjam
Background. Oral health is one of the most important issues for people and physicians, and it is very important to identify the factors that contribute to the damage to oral health. One of the factors that is always emphasized in harming oral health is drug addiction. Methods. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched the electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and ISI for Persian and English articles and compared oral health indicators in patients with substance abuse with healthy subjects. The quality of the selected studies was measured by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity of studies was performed using the Q test and I-square index. In case of heterogeneity of studies, a random effect model was used to combine the results. Publication bias was performed by funnel curves and Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Results. Substance abuse had a significant effect on (std dif in means 1/657[1.873-1/442], P<0/001) and it has a strong positive and significant effect on plaque index (OR. 1/42; 95% CI 1/18-1/7), P= 0/0002. Conclusion. The mean DMFT was higher in people with drug abuse than in healthy people. Periodontal problems are also more common in people with drug abuse than in healthy people. Hence, the oral health status of these people needs more attention. Practical Implications. Responsible organizations and social dentists should pay more attention to oral and dental health of substance abusers.
{"title":"A systematic review of oral health status in substance abusers","authors":"F. Nilchian, Neda Mosayebi, M. Tarrahi, Mohsen Nikfarjam","doi":"10.34172/mj.2022.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/mj.2022.040","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Oral health is one of the most important issues for people and physicians, and it is very important to identify the factors that contribute to the damage to oral health. One of the factors that is always emphasized in harming oral health is drug addiction. Methods. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched the electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and ISI for Persian and English articles and compared oral health indicators in patients with substance abuse with healthy subjects. The quality of the selected studies was measured by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity of studies was performed using the Q test and I-square index. In case of heterogeneity of studies, a random effect model was used to combine the results. Publication bias was performed by funnel curves and Egger’s and Begg’s tests. Results. Substance abuse had a significant effect on (std dif in means 1/657[1.873-1/442], P<0/001) and it has a strong positive and significant effect on plaque index (OR. 1/42; 95% CI 1/18-1/7), P= 0/0002. Conclusion. The mean DMFT was higher in people with drug abuse than in healthy people. Periodontal problems are also more common in people with drug abuse than in healthy people. Hence, the oral health status of these people needs more attention. Practical Implications. Responsible organizations and social dentists should pay more attention to oral and dental health of substance abusers.","PeriodicalId":18474,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83705730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Today, virtual reality bronchoscopy simulation technique is used increasingly. So, it is essential to validate the effectiveness of its training. The performance of training can be evaluated by synthesis of published works. Methods. Based on PRISMA guideline, we systematically searched PubMed and Scopus databases until April 15, 2022 and obtained the eligible articles. The included studies were English articles that performed virtual reality simulation by flexible and rigid bronchoscopy for novices. Random effect model meta-analysis was performed with heterogeneity tests, Egger’s test, SVE, SVT, and subgroup analysis. Results. Sixteen studies comprising two RCTs, seven prospective studies, and seven observational studies were evaluated. Meta-analysis and forest plots showed significant P-values in novices, which indicated virtual reality simulation technique is more effective. Heterogeneity tests showed high heterogeneity in studies of four groups. Published year subgroup analysis explained heterogeneity between studies. Funnel plots and Eggers' test indicated no publication bias between the two groups. Conclusion. Simulation-based virtual reality bronchoscopy training is effective in novices but does not reach experts' skills. Practical Implications. The process of bronchoscopy is critical in the evaluation of the lungs. In the past, it was generally taught by having students do it on people. Despite the low danger, this may be stressful for trainees. Using virtual reality as a simulator, this research aimed to analyze the abilities of experts and novices in medical education, as well as the effectiveness of virtual reality in medical education. A new training option for bronchoscopy simulation training can be considered for examination of the airways, particularly in the future years, stressing the need of continued medical education
{"title":"The performance of simulation-based virtual reality bronchoscopy training: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"M. Sokouti, B. Sokouti, M. Sokouti","doi":"10.34172/mj.2022.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/mj.2022.035","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Today, virtual reality bronchoscopy simulation technique is used increasingly. So, it is essential to validate the effectiveness of its training. The performance of training can be evaluated by synthesis of published works. Methods. Based on PRISMA guideline, we systematically searched PubMed and Scopus databases until April 15, 2022 and obtained the eligible articles. The included studies were English articles that performed virtual reality simulation by flexible and rigid bronchoscopy for novices. Random effect model meta-analysis was performed with heterogeneity tests, Egger’s test, SVE, SVT, and subgroup analysis. Results. Sixteen studies comprising two RCTs, seven prospective studies, and seven observational studies were evaluated. Meta-analysis and forest plots showed significant P-values in novices, which indicated virtual reality simulation technique is more effective. Heterogeneity tests showed high heterogeneity in studies of four groups. Published year subgroup analysis explained heterogeneity between studies. Funnel plots and Eggers' test indicated no publication bias between the two groups. Conclusion. Simulation-based virtual reality bronchoscopy training is effective in novices but does not reach experts' skills. Practical Implications. The process of bronchoscopy is critical in the evaluation of the lungs. In the past, it was generally taught by having students do it on people. Despite the low danger, this may be stressful for trainees. Using virtual reality as a simulator, this research aimed to analyze the abilities of experts and novices in medical education, as well as the effectiveness of virtual reality in medical education. A new training option for bronchoscopy simulation training can be considered for examination of the airways, particularly in the future years, stressing the need of continued medical education","PeriodicalId":18474,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77508513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fereshteh Kohansal, Ahmad Mobed, M. Hasanzadeh, A. Ahmadalipour, N. Shadjou
Background. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) and plays a key role in regulating cognitive and physiological processes. Also, 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is one of the imperative endocannabinoids with key roles in the CNS. It acts as a signaling lipid and activates the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. In addition, 2-AG is involved in a variety of physiological functions such as energy balance, emotion, pain sensation, cognition, and neuroinflammation. Hence, rapid and specific diagnosis of 2-AG is of great importance in medical neuroscience. Routine methods used in detection of 2-AG are not sensitive and specific. Therefore, the development of new methods in this area has been one of the most important research areas in recent years. Methods. Herein, an innovative immunosensor was developed for quantification of 2-AG. To this end, gold nanostars (GNSs) were synthesized and conjugated with a specific biotinylated antibody activated by EDC/NHS against 2-AG. The resultant bio-conjugate was immobilized on the gold electrode surface and used to detect and analyze 2-arachidonylglycerol antigen by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. Results. For the first time, 2-AG protein was measured with an excellent linear range of 0.00048-1 ng/L and lower limit of quantification of 0.00048 ng/L by electroanalysis method. The designed immunosensor showed high sensitivity and specificity in the presence of interfering antigens, which proved its appropriate use in the diagnosis of neurological disorders. Conclusion. The remarkable achievement of the present study is the development of a new immunosensor for the sensitive and accurate detection of 2-AG. The fabricated sensor substrate showed good analytical results for the target analyte. Regardless of the appropriate sensitivity and selectivity of the designed biosensor, the stability of the sensor is low and it is recommended to use it immediately after preparation. Also, the immunosensor engineered in this research was very economical and had a very fast and good performance compared to the usual and traditional methods for detecting 2-AG. Practical Implications. For the first time, 2-AG protein was measured with an excellent linear range of 0.00048-1 ng/L and lower limit of quantification of 0.00048 ng/L by electro analysis method. The designed immunosensor showed high sensitivity and specificity in the presence of interfering antigens, which proved its appropriate use in the diagnosis of neurological disorders.
{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and application of gold nanostars for the identification of 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol","authors":"Fereshteh Kohansal, Ahmad Mobed, M. Hasanzadeh, A. Ahmadalipour, N. Shadjou","doi":"10.34172/mj.2022.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/mj.2022.036","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS) and plays a key role in regulating cognitive and physiological processes. Also, 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is one of the imperative endocannabinoids with key roles in the CNS. It acts as a signaling lipid and activates the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. In addition, 2-AG is involved in a variety of physiological functions such as energy balance, emotion, pain sensation, cognition, and neuroinflammation. Hence, rapid and specific diagnosis of 2-AG is of great importance in medical neuroscience. Routine methods used in detection of 2-AG are not sensitive and specific. Therefore, the development of new methods in this area has been one of the most important research areas in recent years. Methods. Herein, an innovative immunosensor was developed for quantification of 2-AG. To this end, gold nanostars (GNSs) were synthesized and conjugated with a specific biotinylated antibody activated by EDC/NHS against 2-AG. The resultant bio-conjugate was immobilized on the gold electrode surface and used to detect and analyze 2-arachidonylglycerol antigen by cyclic voltammetry (CV), square wave voltammetry (SWV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. Results. For the first time, 2-AG protein was measured with an excellent linear range of 0.00048-1 ng/L and lower limit of quantification of 0.00048 ng/L by electroanalysis method. The designed immunosensor showed high sensitivity and specificity in the presence of interfering antigens, which proved its appropriate use in the diagnosis of neurological disorders. Conclusion. The remarkable achievement of the present study is the development of a new immunosensor for the sensitive and accurate detection of 2-AG. The fabricated sensor substrate showed good analytical results for the target analyte. Regardless of the appropriate sensitivity and selectivity of the designed biosensor, the stability of the sensor is low and it is recommended to use it immediately after preparation. Also, the immunosensor engineered in this research was very economical and had a very fast and good performance compared to the usual and traditional methods for detecting 2-AG. Practical Implications. For the first time, 2-AG protein was measured with an excellent linear range of 0.00048-1 ng/L and lower limit of quantification of 0.00048 ng/L by electro analysis method. The designed immunosensor showed high sensitivity and specificity in the presence of interfering antigens, which proved its appropriate use in the diagnosis of neurological disorders.","PeriodicalId":18474,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84575326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Brain computer interface (BCI) systems by extracting knowledge from brain signals provide a connection channel to the outside world for disabled people, without physiological interfaces. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are a specific type of electroencephalography signals and P300 is one of the most important ERP components. The critical part of P300-based BCI systems is classification step. In this research, an approach is proposed for P300 classification based on novel machine learning methods using convolutional neural networks (CNN) and autoencoder networks. Methods. In the pre-processing step, channel selection, data augmentation (by ADASYN method), filtering and base-line drift were done. Then, in the classification step, four different CNN classifiers including CNN1D, CNN2D, CNN1D_Autoencoder, and CNN2D-Autoencoder were used for P300 classification. Results. After implementation and tuning the networks, 92% as a best accuracy was achieved by CNN2D_Autoencoder. This result was achieved with a considerable tradeoff between complexity and stability. Conclusion. The acquired results emphasize the ability of the deep learning methods in P300 classification and approve the advantage of using them in BCI systems. Furthermore, autoencoder versions of CNN networks are more stable and have a faster convergence. Meanwhile, ADASYN is a suitable method for augmentation of P300 data and even ERPs by sustaining the premier feature space without copying data. Practical Implications. Our results can increase the accuracy of P300 detection and simultaneously reduce the volume of data using the proposed model. Consequently, they can improve character recognition in P300-speller systems generally used by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients.
{"title":"An optimized deep learning approach based on autoencoder network for P300 detection in brain computer interface systems","authors":"Ramin Afrah, Z. Amini, R. Kafieh, Alireza Vard","doi":"10.34172/mj.2022.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/mj.2022.033","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Brain computer interface (BCI) systems by extracting knowledge from brain signals provide a connection channel to the outside world for disabled people, without physiological interfaces. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are a specific type of electroencephalography signals and P300 is one of the most important ERP components. The critical part of P300-based BCI systems is classification step. In this research, an approach is proposed for P300 classification based on novel machine learning methods using convolutional neural networks (CNN) and autoencoder networks. Methods. In the pre-processing step, channel selection, data augmentation (by ADASYN method), filtering and base-line drift were done. Then, in the classification step, four different CNN classifiers including CNN1D, CNN2D, CNN1D_Autoencoder, and CNN2D-Autoencoder were used for P300 classification. Results. After implementation and tuning the networks, 92% as a best accuracy was achieved by CNN2D_Autoencoder. This result was achieved with a considerable tradeoff between complexity and stability. Conclusion. The acquired results emphasize the ability of the deep learning methods in P300 classification and approve the advantage of using them in BCI systems. Furthermore, autoencoder versions of CNN networks are more stable and have a faster convergence. Meanwhile, ADASYN is a suitable method for augmentation of P300 data and even ERPs by sustaining the premier feature space without copying data. Practical Implications. Our results can increase the accuracy of P300 detection and simultaneously reduce the volume of data using the proposed model. Consequently, they can improve character recognition in P300-speller systems generally used by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients.","PeriodicalId":18474,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78598767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikoo Ghasemi Aghdam, Z. Khosravi, A. Tavoli, F. Ramezani Tehrani, S. Nazarpour
Background. Unwanted pregnancy can affect the sweet experience of motherhood and put a person at the crossroads of abortion or childbirth unaware of how each choice can affect a person's mental health, especially anxiety and depression. This study aimed to compare the rates of anxiety and depression between two groups of women with the experience of induced abortion and unwanted delivery. Methods. This research was conducted among 420 women with experience of unwanted pregnancy, including 210 women with a history of induced abortion and 210 women with a history of unwanted delivery. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were the main tools for gathering the related information. We collected demographic information, including marital status, age, number of children, occupation, and level of education. The associated data was analyzed based on an independent t-test using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 19. Results. The results showed that the rate of anxiety among women with a history of unwanted delivery was higher than those with induced abortion. Although there was no significant difference in depression between the two groups, most subscales of depression such as feelings of failure, dissatisfaction, guilt, self-blame, suicidal ideation, crying, apathy, indecision, feelings of worthlessness, impotence, changes in sleep patterns, irritability, changes in appetite, difficulty in concentration, fatigue, and sexual apathy in the group with a history of abortion were higher than the group of women with a history of unwanted delivery. In addition, the rate of anxiety and depression was higher among single women with experience of induced abortion than married ones (P<0.05). Conclusion. According to the results, different levels of depression are more likely to occur among women who experience induced abortion under the influence of cultural, social, and religious factors. On the other hand, the level of anxiety among mothers who choose the path of childbirth in the situation of unwanted pregnancy is higher due to the responsibilities of parenthood. Furthermore, the relationships out of the formal marriage in traditional societies like Iran are taboos and do not meet social acceptance; so single mothers have to abort secretly without having the right to choose. This coercion can explain the higher rate of anxiety and depression among single women with a history of induced abortion than married ones. Practical Implications. The results of the present study can be used in the field of applied research and the development of preventive and therapeutic protocols and cover a large number of mothers and infants affected by anxiety disorders and depression due to unwanted pregnancies.
{"title":"The comparison of anxiety and depression in women with the experience of induced abortion and delivery of unwanted pregnancy","authors":"Nikoo Ghasemi Aghdam, Z. Khosravi, A. Tavoli, F. Ramezani Tehrani, S. Nazarpour","doi":"10.34172/mj.2022.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/mj.2022.037","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Unwanted pregnancy can affect the sweet experience of motherhood and put a person at the crossroads of abortion or childbirth unaware of how each choice can affect a person's mental health, especially anxiety and depression. This study aimed to compare the rates of anxiety and depression between two groups of women with the experience of induced abortion and unwanted delivery. Methods. This research was conducted among 420 women with experience of unwanted pregnancy, including 210 women with a history of induced abortion and 210 women with a history of unwanted delivery. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were the main tools for gathering the related information. We collected demographic information, including marital status, age, number of children, occupation, and level of education. The associated data was analyzed based on an independent t-test using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software 19. Results. The results showed that the rate of anxiety among women with a history of unwanted delivery was higher than those with induced abortion. Although there was no significant difference in depression between the two groups, most subscales of depression such as feelings of failure, dissatisfaction, guilt, self-blame, suicidal ideation, crying, apathy, indecision, feelings of worthlessness, impotence, changes in sleep patterns, irritability, changes in appetite, difficulty in concentration, fatigue, and sexual apathy in the group with a history of abortion were higher than the group of women with a history of unwanted delivery. In addition, the rate of anxiety and depression was higher among single women with experience of induced abortion than married ones (P<0.05). Conclusion. According to the results, different levels of depression are more likely to occur among women who experience induced abortion under the influence of cultural, social, and religious factors. On the other hand, the level of anxiety among mothers who choose the path of childbirth in the situation of unwanted pregnancy is higher due to the responsibilities of parenthood. Furthermore, the relationships out of the formal marriage in traditional societies like Iran are taboos and do not meet social acceptance; so single mothers have to abort secretly without having the right to choose. This coercion can explain the higher rate of anxiety and depression among single women with a history of induced abortion than married ones. Practical Implications. The results of the present study can be used in the field of applied research and the development of preventive and therapeutic protocols and cover a large number of mothers and infants affected by anxiety disorders and depression due to unwanted pregnancies.","PeriodicalId":18474,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83232426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vahid Javadi, F. Ahmadi, Leila Salek Ebrahimi, Ehsan Fakoor, M. Dadashi, Elnaz Mousavi
Background. The purpose of this study was to compare the meta-diagnostic constructs of emotion regulation, negative repetitive thoughts, cognitive flexibility, and social adjustment in two groups of adolescents with and without preclinical symptoms of emotional disorders. Methods. The samples of this cross-sectional and comparative research includes included 140 teenagers who were divided into two groups. Adolescents were divided into two groups based on the diagnostic interview and DASS-21 questionnaire. Statistical analysis of the data was done using the Mann-Whitney and Chi- 2 square tests. Results. Cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation in the group of healthy adolescents was significantly higher than the group of adolescents with preclinical symptoms. However, the level of social adjustment was not significantly different between the two groups of adolescents with preclinical symptoms and healthy adolescents. Conclusion. The significant difference between the two groups of teenagers in meta-diagnostic structures shows the importance of these factors in the process of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of emotional disorders and symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Practical Implications. Considering the existence of significant differences in the two groups of adolescents in meta-diagnostic cognitive and emotional structures, effective measures can be taken in order toto prevent the complete clinical manifestation of emotional disorders; . As a result of these measures, he took an important step can be taken in to reducing reduce the financial, psychological, and social costs caused by these disorders
{"title":"Evaluation of cognitive, emotional, and social trans-diagnostic structures in severe predictions in adolescents with and without sub-clinical symptoms of emotional disorders","authors":"Vahid Javadi, F. Ahmadi, Leila Salek Ebrahimi, Ehsan Fakoor, M. Dadashi, Elnaz Mousavi","doi":"10.34172/mj.2022.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/mj.2022.039","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The purpose of this study was to compare the meta-diagnostic constructs of emotion regulation, negative repetitive thoughts, cognitive flexibility, and social adjustment in two groups of adolescents with and without preclinical symptoms of emotional disorders. Methods. The samples of this cross-sectional and comparative research includes included 140 teenagers who were divided into two groups. Adolescents were divided into two groups based on the diagnostic interview and DASS-21 questionnaire. Statistical analysis of the data was done using the Mann-Whitney and Chi- 2 square tests. Results. Cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation in the group of healthy adolescents was significantly higher than the group of adolescents with preclinical symptoms. However, the level of social adjustment was not significantly different between the two groups of adolescents with preclinical symptoms and healthy adolescents. Conclusion. The significant difference between the two groups of teenagers in meta-diagnostic structures shows the importance of these factors in the process of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of emotional disorders and symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Practical Implications. Considering the existence of significant differences in the two groups of adolescents in meta-diagnostic cognitive and emotional structures, effective measures can be taken in order toto prevent the complete clinical manifestation of emotional disorders; . As a result of these measures, he took an important step can be taken in to reducing reduce the financial, psychological, and social costs caused by these disorders","PeriodicalId":18474,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74424761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Cervical cancer begins in superficial cells and over time can invade deeper tissues and surrounding tissues. This paper presents a creative idea of using an ensemble classification algorithm that improves the predictive performance of an artificial intelligence system based on cervical cancer screening. This study aimed to classify Pap-smear images by different machine learning methods to achieve high accuracy detection. Methods. This study was performed on 917 Pap-smear images from the Herlev public database. In the feature extraction stage, 20 geometric features and 76 texture features were extracted. After that, using ensemble classification method, the images were classified into two categories (i.e., normal and abnormal) and then into seven categories (i.e., superficial epithelial, intermediate epithelial, columnar epithelial, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and carcinoma) and the accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated. Results. The algorithm in the ensemble classification was able to achieve accuracy of 99.9% with a processing time of 0.028 second in the two-class classification and accuracy of 76.5% with a processing time of 0.033 second in the seven-class classification. Conclusion. Based on the results, the designed algorithm can be used as a computer aided diagnostic tool to increase the accuracy and speed of predicting the risk of cervical cancer. Practical Implications. Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Early diagnosis of the disease can save various costs and prevent the patients’ frequent visits to medical centers. This research proposed an artificial intelligence method for automatic classification of cervical cells and improving the accuracy of diagnosis.
{"title":"Detection of cervical precancerous cells from Pap-smear images using ensemble classification","authors":"Marziyeh Lotfi, M. Momenzadeh","doi":"10.34172/mj.2022.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/mj.2022.034","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Cervical cancer begins in superficial cells and over time can invade deeper tissues and surrounding tissues. This paper presents a creative idea of using an ensemble classification algorithm that improves the predictive performance of an artificial intelligence system based on cervical cancer screening. This study aimed to classify Pap-smear images by different machine learning methods to achieve high accuracy detection. Methods. This study was performed on 917 Pap-smear images from the Herlev public database. In the feature extraction stage, 20 geometric features and 76 texture features were extracted. After that, using ensemble classification method, the images were classified into two categories (i.e., normal and abnormal) and then into seven categories (i.e., superficial epithelial, intermediate epithelial, columnar epithelial, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia and carcinoma) and the accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated. Results. The algorithm in the ensemble classification was able to achieve accuracy of 99.9% with a processing time of 0.028 second in the two-class classification and accuracy of 76.5% with a processing time of 0.033 second in the seven-class classification. Conclusion. Based on the results, the designed algorithm can be used as a computer aided diagnostic tool to increase the accuracy and speed of predicting the risk of cervical cancer. Practical Implications. Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women. Early diagnosis of the disease can save various costs and prevent the patients’ frequent visits to medical centers. This research proposed an artificial intelligence method for automatic classification of cervical cells and improving the accuracy of diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":18474,"journal":{"name":"Medical journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87363324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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