Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105373
Yanzi Zhou , Lihua Guo , Tingting Xiao , Yunbo Chen , Tao Lv , Yuan Wang , Shuntian Zhang , Hongliu Cai , Xiaohui Chi , Xiaoyang Kong , Kai Zhou , Ping Shen , Yonghong Xiao
Gut microbiota dysbiosis increases the susceptibility to Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). In this study, we monitored C. difficile colonization (CDC) patients from no CDC status (CDN) to CDC status (CDCp) and CDI patients from asymptomatic status before CDI (PRECDI), CDI status (ONCDI), to asymptomatic status after CDI (POSTCDI). Based on metagenomic sequencing, we aimed to investigate the interaction pattern between gut microbiota and C. difficile. There was no significant difference of microbiota diversity between CDN and CDCp. In CDCp, Bacteroidetes and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria increased, with a positive correlation between SCFA-producing bacteria and C. difficile colonization. Compared with PRECDI, ONCDI and POSTCDI showed a significant decrease in microbiota diversity, particularly in Bacteroidetes and SCFA-producing bacteria, with a positive correlation between opportunistic pathogen and C. difficile. Fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis were enriched in CDN, CDCp, and PRECDI, while bile secretion was enriched in ONCDI and POSTCDI. Microbiota and metabolic pathways interaction networks in CDN and CDCp were more complex, particularly pathways in fatty acid and bile acid metabolism. Increasing of Bacteroidetes and SCFA-producing bacteria, affecting amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, is associated with colonization resistance to C. difficile and inhibiting the development of CDI.
{"title":"Characterization and dynamics of intestinal microbiota in patients with Clostridioides difficile colonization and infection","authors":"Yanzi Zhou , Lihua Guo , Tingting Xiao , Yunbo Chen , Tao Lv , Yuan Wang , Shuntian Zhang , Hongliu Cai , Xiaohui Chi , Xiaoyang Kong , Kai Zhou , Ping Shen , Yonghong Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gut microbiota dysbiosis increases the susceptibility to <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> infection (CDI). In this study, we monitored <em>C. difficile</em> colonization (CDC) patients from no CDC status (CDN) to CDC status (CDCp) and CDI patients from asymptomatic status before CDI (PRECDI), CDI status (ONCDI), to asymptomatic status after CDI (POSTCDI). Based on metagenomic sequencing, we aimed to investigate the interaction pattern between gut microbiota and <em>C. difficile</em>. There was no significant difference of microbiota diversity between CDN and CDCp. In CDCp, Bacteroidetes and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria increased, with a positive correlation between SCFA-producing bacteria and <em>C. difficile</em> colonization. Compared with PRECDI, ONCDI and POSTCDI showed a significant decrease in microbiota diversity, particularly in Bacteroidetes and SCFA-producing bacteria, with a positive correlation between opportunistic pathogen and <em>C. difficile</em>. Fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis were enriched in CDN, CDCp, and PRECDI, while bile secretion was enriched in ONCDI and POSTCDI. Microbiota and metabolic pathways interaction networks in CDN and CDCp were more complex, particularly pathways in fatty acid and bile acid metabolism. Increasing of Bacteroidetes and SCFA-producing bacteria, affecting amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, is associated with colonization resistance to <em>C. difficile</em> and inhibiting the development of CDI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18497,"journal":{"name":"Microbes and Infection","volume":"26 8","pages":"Article 105373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105397
Chloe Meewes, Kanupriya Gupta, William M. Geisler
MicroRNAs in Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Chlamydia muridarum (CM) infections are an emerging topic of research that provide knowledge that could advance vaccine development and strategies for managing infection. This rapid review summarizes human and murine studies on miRNA expression in CT and CM infections in vivo and ex vivo.
沙眼衣原体（CT）和鼠衣原体（CM）感染中的微RNA是一个新兴的研究课题，它提供的知识可促进疫苗的开发和感染控制策略的制定。这篇快速综述总结了有关 CT 和 CM 感染中体内和体外 miRNA 表达的人类和小鼠研究。
{"title":"Role of microRNAs in immune regulation and pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia muridarum infections: a rapid review","authors":"Chloe Meewes, Kanupriya Gupta, William M. Geisler","doi":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MicroRNAs in <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> (CT) and <em>Chlamydia muridarum</em> (CM) infections are an emerging topic of research that provide knowledge that could advance vaccine development and strategies for managing infection. This rapid review summarizes human and murine studies on miRNA expression in CT and CM infections in vivo and ex vivo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18497,"journal":{"name":"Microbes and Infection","volume":"26 8","pages":"Article 105397"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105374
Ling Zhang , Miaotian Cai , Xin Zhang , Sitong Wang , Lijun Pang , Xue Chen , Caopei Zheng , Yuqing Sun , Ying Liang , Shan Guo , Feili Wei , Yulin Zhang
Objective
The lung microbiota of patients with pulmonary diseases is disrupted and impacts the immunity. The microbiological and immune landscape of the lungs in patients with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) remains poorly understood.
Methods
Multi-omics analysis and machine learning were performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to explore interaction between the lung microbiota and host immunity in PCP. Then we constructed a diagnostic model using differential genes with LASSO regression and validated by qPCR. The immune infiltration analysis was performed to explore the landscape of lung immunity in patients with PCP.
Results
Patients with PCP showed a low alpha diversity of lung microbiota, accompanied by the elevated abundance of Firmicutes, and the differential expressed genes (DEGs) analysis displayed a downregulation of MAPK signaling. The MAPK10, TGFB1, and EFNA3 indicated a potential to predict PCP (AUC = 0.86). The lung immune landscape in PCP showed the lower levels of naïve CD4+ T cells and activated dendritic cells. The correlation analysis of the MAPK signaling pathway-related DEGs and the differential microorganisms at the level of phylum showed that the Firmicutes was negatively correlated with these DEGs.
Conclusion
We profiled the characteristics of lung microbiota and immune landscape in PCP, which may contribute to elucidating the mechanism of PCP.
{"title":"Integrated analysis of microbiome and host transcriptome unveils correlations between lung microbiota and host immunity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of pneumocystis pneumonia patients","authors":"Ling Zhang , Miaotian Cai , Xin Zhang , Sitong Wang , Lijun Pang , Xue Chen , Caopei Zheng , Yuqing Sun , Ying Liang , Shan Guo , Feili Wei , Yulin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div><span><span>The lung microbiota of patients with </span>pulmonary diseases<span> is disrupted and impacts the immunity. The microbiological and immune landscape of the lungs in patients with </span></span>pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) remains poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><span>Multi-omics analysis and machine learning were performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid<span> to explore interaction between the lung microbiota and host immunity in PCP. Then we constructed a diagnostic model using differential genes with LASSO regression and validated by </span></span>qPCR<span>. The immune infiltration analysis was performed to explore the landscape of lung immunity in patients with PCP.</span></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span>Patients with PCP showed a low alpha diversity of lung microbiota, accompanied by the elevated abundance of </span><span><span>Firmicutes</span></span><span><span>, and the differential expressed genes (DEGs) analysis displayed a downregulation of </span>MAPK signaling<span><span>. The MAPK10, TGFB1, and </span>EFNA3 indicated a potential to predict PCP (AUC = 0.86). The lung immune landscape in PCP showed the lower levels of naïve CD4</span></span><sup>+</sup><span> T cells<span> and activated dendritic cells. The correlation analysis of the MAPK signaling pathway-related DEGs and the differential microorganisms at the level of phylum showed that the </span></span><span><span>Firmicutes</span></span> was negatively correlated with these DEGs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We profiled the characteristics of lung microbiota and immune landscape in PCP, which may contribute to elucidating the mechanism of PCP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18497,"journal":{"name":"Microbes and Infection","volume":"26 8","pages":"Article 105374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pathobionts are commensal intestinal microbiota capable of causing systemic infections under specific conditions, such as environmental changes or aging. However, it is unclear how pathobionts are recognized by the intestinal mucosal immune system under physiological conditions. This study demonstrates that the gut pathobiont Klebsiella pneumoniae causes injury to the epithelium and translocates to the liver in specific pathogen-free mice treated with clodronate-liposomes that depleted macrophages. In the clodronate-liposome-treated mice, indigenous classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) with non-K1/K2 capsular serotypes were isolated from the liver, indicating that gut commensal cKp translocated from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver due to the depletion of intestinal macrophages. Oral inoculation of isolated cKp to clodronate-liposome-treated mice significantly reduced the survival rates compared to that of non-treated mice. Our findings demonstrate that intestinal mucosal macrophages play a pivotal role in sensing commensal cKp and suppressing their translocation to the liver. This study demonstrates that clodronate-liposome-treated mouse models are effective for screening and evaluating drugs that prevent the translocation of cKp to the liver, providing new insights into the development of preventive protocols against K. pneumoniae infection.
{"title":"Macrophage-depleted young mice are beneficial in vivo models to assess the translocation of Klebsiella pneumonia from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver in the elderly","authors":"Hitoshi Tsugawa , Shogo Tsubaki , Rika Tanaka , Sho Nashimoto , Jin Imai , Juntaro Matsuzaki , Katsuto Hozumi","doi":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pathobionts are commensal intestinal microbiota capable of causing systemic infections under specific conditions, such as environmental changes or aging. However, it is unclear how pathobionts are recognized by the intestinal mucosal immune system under physiological conditions. This study demonstrates that the gut pathobiont <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> causes injury to the epithelium and translocates to the liver in specific pathogen-free mice treated with clodronate-liposomes that depleted macrophages. In the clodronate-liposome-treated mice, indigenous classical <em>K. pneumoniae</em> (cKp) with non-K1/K2 capsular serotypes were isolated from the liver, indicating that gut commensal cKp translocated from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver due to the depletion of intestinal macrophages. Oral inoculation of isolated cKp to clodronate-liposome-treated mice significantly reduced the survival rates compared to that of non-treated mice. Our findings demonstrate that intestinal mucosal macrophages play a pivotal role in sensing commensal cKp and suppressing their translocation to the liver. This study demonstrates that clodronate-liposome-treated mouse models are effective for screening and evaluating drugs that prevent the translocation of cKp to the liver, providing new insights into the development of preventive protocols against <em>K. pneumoniae</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18497,"journal":{"name":"Microbes and Infection","volume":"26 8","pages":"Article 105371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105380
Heng Heng , Ling Yang , Zhiwei Zheng , Chen Yang , Xuemei Yang , Wenxing Zhao , Ruanyang Sun , Kaichao Chen , Lianwei Ye , Jun Li , Edward Wai-Chi Chan , Sheng Chen
Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) infections have become a global public health concern due to the continued increase in the incidence of infection and the rate of resistance to carbapenems. This study aimed to investigate the genomic features of AB strains recovered from a tertiary hospital and assess the clinical implications of the findings. A total of 217 AB strains were collected between 2016 and 2018 at a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, with 183 (84.33%) being carbapenem-resistant AB (CRAB), with the main mechanism being the carriage of the blaOXA-23 gene. The overall mortality rate of patients caused by such strains was 15.21% (n = 33). Artificial lung ventilation and the use of meropenem were mortality risk factors in AB-infected patients, while KL2 AB infection was negatively associated. Core genome multilocus sequence typing and clustering analysis were performed on the integrated AB genome collection from the NCBI database and this study to illustrate the population structure among China. The results revealed diverse core genome profiles (n = 17) among AB strains from China, and strains from this single hospital exhibited most of the core genome profiles (n = 13), suggesting genetic variability within the hospital and transmission across the country. These findings show that the high transmission potential of the CRAB strains and meropenem usage that confers a selective advantage of CRAB clinically are two major factors that pose significant challenges to the effective clinical management of AB infections. Understanding the genetic features and transmission patterns of clinical AB strains is crucial for the effective control of infections caused by this pathogen.
由于感染率和对碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药率持续上升，鲍曼不动杆菌（AB）感染已成为全球关注的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在调查从一家三级医院回收的鲍曼不动杆菌菌株的基因组特征，并评估调查结果的临床意义。2016年至2018年期间，广州某三甲医院共收集到217株AB菌株，其中183株（84.33%）为耐碳青霉烯类AB（CRAB），主要机制为携带blaOXA-23基因。由此类菌株引起的患者总死亡率为 15.21%（33 人）。人工肺通气和使用美罗培南是AB感染患者的死亡风险因素，而KL2 AB感染与之呈负相关。本研究对来自 NCBI 数据库和本研究的综合 AB 基因组进行了核心基因组多焦点序列分型和聚类分析，以说明中国的种群结构。结果显示，来自中国的AB菌株具有不同的核心基因组图谱（n=17），而来自该单一医院的菌株表现出大多数核心基因组图谱（n=13），这表明医院内部存在遗传变异，并在全国范围内传播。这些研究结果表明，CRAB菌株的高传播潜力和美罗培南的使用在临床上赋予了CRAB选择性优势，这两个主要因素对AB感染的有效临床管理构成了重大挑战。了解临床 AB 菌株的遗传特征和传播模式对于有效控制该病原体引起的感染至关重要。
{"title":"Characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii at a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou: a genomic and clinical study","authors":"Heng Heng , Ling Yang , Zhiwei Zheng , Chen Yang , Xuemei Yang , Wenxing Zhao , Ruanyang Sun , Kaichao Chen , Lianwei Ye , Jun Li , Edward Wai-Chi Chan , Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em></span><span><span> (AB) infections have become a global public health<span> concern due to the continued increase in the incidence of infection and the rate of resistance to carbapenems. This study aimed to investigate the genomic features of </span></span>AB<span> strains recovered from a tertiary hospital and assess the clinical implications of the findings. A total of 217 AB strains were collected between 2016 and 2018 at a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, with 183 (84.33%) being carbapenem-resistant AB (CRAB), with the main mechanism being the carriage of the </span></span><em>bla</em><sub>OXA-23</sub><span> gene. The overall mortality rate<span><span> of patients caused by such strains was 15.21% (n = 33). Artificial lung ventilation and the use of </span>meropenem<span><span> were mortality risk factors in AB-infected patients, while KL2 AB infection was negatively associated. Core genome multilocus sequence typing and clustering analysis were performed on the integrated AB genome collection from the NCBI database and this study to illustrate the population structure among China. The results revealed diverse core genome profiles (n = 17) among AB strains from China, and strains from this single hospital exhibited most of the core genome profiles (n = 13), suggesting genetic variability within the hospital and transmission across the country. These findings show that the high transmission potential of the CRAB strains and </span>meropenem<span> usage that confers a selective advantage of CRAB clinically are two major factors that pose significant challenges to the effective clinical management of AB infections. Understanding the genetic features and transmission patterns of clinical AB strains is crucial for the effective control of infections caused by this pathogen.</span></span></span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":18497,"journal":{"name":"Microbes and Infection","volume":"26 8","pages":"Article 105380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During a viral infection, several membraneless compartments with liquid properties are formed. They can be of viral origin concentrating viral proteins and nucleic acids, and harboring essential stages of the viral cycle, or of cellular origin containing components involved in innate immunity. This is a paradigm shift in our understanding of viral replication and the interaction between viruses and innate cellular immunity.
{"title":"Biomolecular condensates with liquid properties formed during viral infections","authors":"Damien Glon, Benjamin Léonardon, Ariane Guillemot, Aurélie Albertini, Cécile Lagaudrière-Gesbert, Yves Gaudin","doi":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During a viral infection, several membraneless compartments with liquid properties are formed. They can be of viral origin concentrating viral proteins and nucleic acids, and harboring essential stages of the viral cycle, or of cellular origin containing components involved in innate immunity. This is a paradigm shift in our understanding of viral replication and the interaction between viruses and innate cellular immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18497,"journal":{"name":"Microbes and Infection","volume":"26 8","pages":"Article 105402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105403
Alexander Swidsinski , Rudolf Amann , Alexander Guschin , Sonja Swidsinski , Vera Loening-Baucke , Werner Mendling , Jack D. Sobel , Ronald F. Lamont , Mario Vaneechoutte , Pedro Vieira Baptista , Catriona S. Bradshaw , Igor Yu Kogan , Аlevtina M. Savicheva , Oleg V. Mitrokhin , Nadezhda W. Swidsinski , Gennadiy T. Sukhikh , Tatjana V. Priputnevich , Inna A. Apolikhina , Yvonne Dörffel
The manuscript disputes the exclusive mono-infectious way of thinking, which presumes that for every infection only one pathogen is responsible and sufficient, when infectious vectors, close contact and reduced immunity meet. In situations involving heavily colonized anatomical sites such an approach often ends in insoluble contradictions. Upon critical reflection and evaluation of 20 years research on spatial organization of vaginal microbiota it is apparent, that in some situations, pathogens may act and operate in permanent, structurally organized consortia, whereas its individual components may be innocuous and innocent, failing to express any pathogenic effect. In these cases, consortia are the true pathogens responsible for many infectious conditions, which usually remain unrecognized as long as improperly diagnosed.
The structure of such consortia can be unraveled using ribosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH methodology, that not only offers an ex vivo opportunity to recognize bacterial species, but provides unique physical insight into their specific role in the pathogenesis of polymicrobial infections. Ribosomal FISH technique applied to both, women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and their male partners, has added significantly to our understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition and contributed to appreciating the mechanisms of polymicrobial, community-based infection, potentially leading to therapeutic advances.
该手稿对单一感染的思维方式提出了质疑，这种思维方式假定，当感染载体、密切接触和免疫力下降同时存在时，只有一种病原体对每一种感染负责并足以造成感染。在涉及大量定植的解剖部位时，这种方法往往会导致无法解决的矛盾。经过对 20 年来有关阴道微生物群空间组织的研究进行批判性思考和评估后发现，在某些情况下，病原体可能会在永久性、结构性组织的菌群中活动，而菌群中的单个成分可能是无害和无辜的，不会产生任何致病作用。在这种情况下，联合体是导致许多感染性疾病的真正病原体，而这些疾病通常由于诊断不当而一直未被发现。利用核糖体荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术，可以揭示这类联合体的结构。核糖体荧光原位杂交（FISH）方法不仅能在体外识别细菌种类，还能通过独特的物理方法了解细菌在多微生物感染发病机制中的具体作用。将核糖体 FISH 技术应用于患有细菌性阴道病（BV）的女性及其男性伴侣，大大加深了我们对这种病症发病机制的了解，并有助于认识多微生物群感染的机制，从而有可能推动治疗方法的进步。
{"title":"Polymicrobial consortia in the pathogenesis of biofilm vaginosis visualized by FISH. Historic review outlining the basic principles of the polymicrobial infection theory","authors":"Alexander Swidsinski , Rudolf Amann , Alexander Guschin , Sonja Swidsinski , Vera Loening-Baucke , Werner Mendling , Jack D. Sobel , Ronald F. Lamont , Mario Vaneechoutte , Pedro Vieira Baptista , Catriona S. Bradshaw , Igor Yu Kogan , Аlevtina M. Savicheva , Oleg V. Mitrokhin , Nadezhda W. Swidsinski , Gennadiy T. Sukhikh , Tatjana V. Priputnevich , Inna A. Apolikhina , Yvonne Dörffel","doi":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The manuscript disputes the exclusive mono-infectious way of thinking, which presumes that for every infection only one pathogen is responsible and sufficient, when infectious vectors, close contact and reduced immunity meet. In situations involving heavily colonized anatomical sites such an approach often ends in insoluble contradictions. Upon critical reflection and evaluation of 20 years research on spatial organization of vaginal microbiota it is apparent, that in some situations, pathogens may act and operate in permanent, structurally organized consortia, whereas its individual components may be innocuous and innocent, failing to express any pathogenic effect. In these cases, consortia are the true pathogens responsible for many infectious conditions, which usually remain unrecognized as long as improperly diagnosed.</div><div>The structure of such consortia can be unraveled using ribosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). FISH methodology, that not only offers an ex vivo opportunity to recognize bacterial species, but provides unique physical insight into their specific role in the pathogenesis of polymicrobial infections. Ribosomal FISH technique applied to both, women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and their male partners, has added significantly to our understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition and contributed to appreciating the mechanisms of polymicrobial, community-based infection, potentially leading to therapeutic advances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18497,"journal":{"name":"Microbes and Infection","volume":"26 8","pages":"Article 105403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141913285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105375
Jimena Alvarez Hayes , Bruno Blancá , Juan Pablo Gorgojo, Carlos Baroli, Mariela del Carmen Carrica, Maria Eugenia Rodriguez
Neutrophils constitute the primary defense against bacterial infections, yet certain pathogens express virulence factors that enable them to subvert neutrophils-mediated killing. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have emerged as a secretory system through which bacteria deliver virulence factors to host cells. OMVs from Bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough, are loaded with most of bacterial virulence factors, including CyaA, which plays a key role in B. pertussis evasion of neutrophils bactericidal activity. In our study, we investigated the role of B. pertussis OMVs in bacterial interaction with neutrophils. We observed that interaction of OMVs with neutrophils led to a decrease in the expression of cell surface CR3 and FcγRs, an effect dependent on the CyaA toxin delivered by these vesicles. This decreased receptor expression led to reduced bacterial uptake by neutrophils, irrespective of the presence of opsonic antibodies. Moreover, CyaA delivered by OMVs hindered intracellular bactericidal trafficking, promoting bacterial intracellular survival. When both bacteria and OMVs were opsonized, competition between opsonized OMVs and B. pertussis for FcγRs on neutrophils led to a significant decrease in bacterial uptake. Overall, our findings suggest that B. pertussis OMVs promote bacterial survival to the encounter with neutrophils in both naïve and immunized individuals.
{"title":"Bordetella pertussis outer membrane vesicles impair neutrophil bactericidal activity","authors":"Jimena Alvarez Hayes , Bruno Blancá , Juan Pablo Gorgojo, Carlos Baroli, Mariela del Carmen Carrica, Maria Eugenia Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span><span>Neutrophils constitute the primary defense against bacterial infections, yet certain pathogens express </span>virulence factors that enable them to subvert neutrophils-mediated killing. Outer </span>membrane vesicles (OMVs) have emerged as a secretory system through which bacteria deliver virulence factors to host cells. OMVs from </span><span><em>Bordetella pertussis</em></span><span>, the etiological agent of whooping cough, are loaded with most of bacterial virulence factors, including CyaA, which plays a key role in </span><em>B. pertussis</em><span> evasion of neutrophils bactericidal activity. In our study, we investigated the role of </span><em>B. pertussis</em> OMVs in bacterial interaction with neutrophils. We observed that interaction of OMVs with neutrophils led to a decrease in the expression of cell surface CR3 and FcγRs, an effect dependent on the CyaA toxin delivered by these vesicles. This decreased receptor expression led to reduced bacterial uptake by neutrophils, irrespective of the presence of opsonic antibodies. Moreover, CyaA delivered by OMVs hindered intracellular bactericidal trafficking, promoting bacterial intracellular survival. When both bacteria and OMVs were opsonized, competition between opsonized OMVs and <em>B. pertussis</em> for FcγRs on neutrophils led to a significant decrease in bacterial uptake. Overall, our findings suggest that <em>B. pertussis</em><span> OMVs promote bacterial survival to the encounter with neutrophils in both naïve and immunized individuals.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":18497,"journal":{"name":"Microbes and Infection","volume":"26 8","pages":"Article 105375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105378
Alana B. Byrne , Florencia A. Bonnin , Eduardo L. López , Fernando P. Polack , Laura B. Talarico
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the mechanisms contributing to increased severity during heterotypic, secondary infection. The complement protein C1q has been shown to reduce the magnitude of ADE in vitro. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms of C1q modulation of ADE, focusing on processes of viral entry.
Using a model of ADE of DENV-1 infection in human myeloid cell lines in the presence of monoclonal antibodies, 4G2 and 2H2, we found that C1q produced nearly a 40-fold reduction of ADE of DENV-1 in K562 cells, but had no effect in U937 cells. In K562 cells, C1q reduced adsorption of DENV-1/4G2 and exerted a dual inhibitory effect on adsorption and internalization of DENV-1/2H2. Distinct endocytic pathways in the presence of antibody corresponded to conditions where C1q produced a differential action. Also, C1q did not affect the intrinsic cell response mediated by FcγR in human myeloid cells.
The modulation of ADE of DENV-1 by C1q is dependent on the FcγR expressed on immune cells and the specificity of the antibody comprising the immune complex. Understanding protective and pathogenic mechanisms in the humoral response to DENV infections is crucial for the successful design of antivirals and vaccines.
{"title":"C1q modulation of antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection in human myeloid cell lines is dependent on cell type and antibody specificity","authors":"Alana B. Byrne , Florencia A. Bonnin , Eduardo L. López , Fernando P. Polack , Laura B. Talarico","doi":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the mechanisms contributing to increased severity during heterotypic, secondary infection. The complement protein </span>C1q has been shown to reduce the magnitude of ADE </span><em>in vitro</em>. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms of C1q modulation of ADE, focusing on processes of viral entry.</div><div><span>Using a model of ADE of DENV-1 infection in human myeloid cell lines<span> in the presence of monoclonal antibodies, 4G2 and 2H2, we found that C1q produced nearly a 40-fold reduction of ADE of DENV-1 in K562 cells, but had no effect in U937 cells. In K562 cells, C1q reduced adsorption of DENV-1/4G2 and exerted a dual inhibitory effect on adsorption and </span></span>internalization of DENV-1/2H2. Distinct endocytic pathways in the presence of antibody corresponded to conditions where C1q produced a differential action. Also, C1q did not affect the intrinsic cell response mediated by FcγR in human myeloid cells.</div><div><span>The modulation of ADE of DENV-1 by C1q is dependent on the FcγR expressed on immune cells and the specificity of the antibody comprising the immune complex. Understanding protective and pathogenic mechanisms in the </span>humoral response to DENV infections is crucial for the successful design of antivirals and vaccines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18497,"journal":{"name":"Microbes and Infection","volume":"26 8","pages":"Article 105378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141331400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105396
Muhammad Iqhrammullah , Rika Yusnaini , Shakira Amirah , Intan Chaharunia Mulya , Ghina Tsurayya , Muhammad Alif Naufal , Sukmawan Fajar Santosa , Harapan Harapan , Baidillah Zulkifli
Background
Identifying active tuberculosis (ATB) from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) persists as a challenge, and interferon-γ inducible protein-10 (IP-10) has been employed as the solution. To further improve its diagnostic performance, the sample can be stimulated with TB specific antigen (TBAg).
Aim
To perform meta-analysis on diagnostic accuracy of unstimulated and TBAg-stimulated IP-10 in differentiating ATB from LTBI.
Methods
Systematic search was performed on five major scientific databases as of 29 November 2023. Observational studies reporting diagnostic values of unstimulated or TBAg-stimulated IP-10 in identifying ATB from LTBI were included. Meta-analysis was carried out using two-level mixed-effect logistic regression model.
Results
Twenty-five studies recruiting 2301 patients (1137 ATB versus 1164 LTBI) were included in the quantitative analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specifity of IP-10 were 72% (95%CI: 0.59–0.82) and 78% (95%CI: 0.63–0.88), respectively. As for TBAg-stimulated IP-10, the sensitivity and specifity were 82% (95%CI: 0.76–0.87) and 85% (95%CI: 0.73–0.92), respectively. The senstivity was reduced signiticantly (p < 0.01) when the patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection were included, except after the TBAg stimulation.
Conclusion
Stimulating IP-10 with TBAg could improve the diagnostic accuracy in differentiating ATB from LTBI.
{"title":"Effect of tuberculosis-specific antigen stimulation on the diagnostic accuracy of interferon-γ inducible protein-10 in distinguishing active and latent tuberculosis infection: a meta-analysis","authors":"Muhammad Iqhrammullah , Rika Yusnaini , Shakira Amirah , Intan Chaharunia Mulya , Ghina Tsurayya , Muhammad Alif Naufal , Sukmawan Fajar Santosa , Harapan Harapan , Baidillah Zulkifli","doi":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Identifying active tuberculosis (ATB) from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) persists as a challenge, and interferon-γ inducible protein-10 (IP-10) has been employed as the solution. To further improve its diagnostic performance, the sample can be stimulated with TB specific antigen (TBAg).</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To perform meta-analysis on diagnostic accuracy of unstimulated and TBAg-stimulated IP-10 in differentiating ATB from LTBI.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Systematic search was performed on five major scientific databases as of 29 November 2023. Observational studies reporting diagnostic values of unstimulated or TBAg-stimulated IP-10 in identifying ATB from LTBI were included. Meta-analysis was carried out using two-level mixed-effect logistic regression model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-five studies recruiting 2301 patients (1137 ATB versus 1164 LTBI) were included in the quantitative analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specifity of IP-10 were 72% (95%CI: 0.59–0.82) and 78% (95%CI: 0.63–0.88), respectively. As for TBAg-stimulated IP-10, the sensitivity and specifity were 82% (95%CI: 0.76–0.87) and 85% (95%CI: 0.73–0.92), respectively. The senstivity was reduced signiticantly (<em>p</em> < 0.01) when the patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection were included, except after the TBAg stimulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Stimulating IP-10 with TBAg could improve the diagnostic accuracy in differentiating ATB from LTBI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18497,"journal":{"name":"Microbes and Infection","volume":"26 8","pages":"Article 105396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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