Pub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003659
Jonathan W Specht,Alyssa R Bailly,Serena Garcia,Steven Klepacz,Suzana Andrade De Oliveira,David Lucero,Zachary J McKenna,Zachary J Schlader,Fabiano T Amorim
PURPOSETo test the hypothesis that ibuprofen ingestion exacerbates markers of acute kidney injury (AKI), gastrointestinal (GI) injury, and endotoxemia after running in the heat.METHODSUsing a randomized double-blind crossover design, eleven physically active individuals (six women) ingested 600 mg of ibuprofen or placebo 12- and one-hour prior to running one-hour in a heated chamber (35 °C, 20%-60% R.H.) at an intensity of 60% V̇O2peak. Blood and urine samples were collected pre-, post-, and one-hour post-exercise to assess cytokines and markers of AKI, GI injury, and endotoxemia.RESULTSOne hour of running in the heat increased markers of AKI (urinary product of IGFBP7•TIMP2 [Placebo: ∆ 1.8 ± 0.8 log10(ng/ml)2/1000, Ibuprofen: ∆ 1.8 ± 0.9 log10(ng/ml)2/1000], urinary NGAL, and serum cystatin C), GI damage (I-FABP [Placebo: ∆ 631 ± 446 pg/ml, Ibuprofen: ∆ 576 ± 455 pg/ml]), and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα [Placebo: ∆ 5.2 ± 3.5 pg/ml, Ibuprofen: ∆ 6.2 ± 4.9 pg/ml], IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1), but these changes were not exacerbated by ibuprofen ingestion. There were effects of time (p < 0.001) and condition (p = 0.03) for serum IL-8, with greater concentrations in the ibuprofen (pre: 11.4 ± 5.1 pg/mL, post: 15.5 ± 7.3 pg/ml) trials than placebo (pre: 9.7 ± 4.2 pg/mL, post: 11.7 ± 5.4 pg/mL). There were no effects of time or condition on markers of endotoxemia (LBP [Placebo: ∆ -1.2 ± 3.2 μg/ml, Ibuprofen: ∆ 1.0 ± 1.6 μg/ml], sCD14).CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicate that ibuprofen ingestion does not worsen intestinal or renal injury experienced during one hour of exercise in the heat, but increases pro-inflammatory IL-8.
{"title":"Effect of Ibuprofen on Markers of Acute Kidney Injury, Intestinal Injury, and Endotoxemia after Running in the Heat.","authors":"Jonathan W Specht,Alyssa R Bailly,Serena Garcia,Steven Klepacz,Suzana Andrade De Oliveira,David Lucero,Zachary J McKenna,Zachary J Schlader,Fabiano T Amorim","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003659","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSETo test the hypothesis that ibuprofen ingestion exacerbates markers of acute kidney injury (AKI), gastrointestinal (GI) injury, and endotoxemia after running in the heat.METHODSUsing a randomized double-blind crossover design, eleven physically active individuals (six women) ingested 600 mg of ibuprofen or placebo 12- and one-hour prior to running one-hour in a heated chamber (35 °C, 20%-60% R.H.) at an intensity of 60% V̇O2peak. Blood and urine samples were collected pre-, post-, and one-hour post-exercise to assess cytokines and markers of AKI, GI injury, and endotoxemia.RESULTSOne hour of running in the heat increased markers of AKI (urinary product of IGFBP7•TIMP2 [Placebo: ∆ 1.8 ± 0.8 log10(ng/ml)2/1000, Ibuprofen: ∆ 1.8 ± 0.9 log10(ng/ml)2/1000], urinary NGAL, and serum cystatin C), GI damage (I-FABP [Placebo: ∆ 631 ± 446 pg/ml, Ibuprofen: ∆ 576 ± 455 pg/ml]), and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα [Placebo: ∆ 5.2 ± 3.5 pg/ml, Ibuprofen: ∆ 6.2 ± 4.9 pg/ml], IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1), but these changes were not exacerbated by ibuprofen ingestion. There were effects of time (p < 0.001) and condition (p = 0.03) for serum IL-8, with greater concentrations in the ibuprofen (pre: 11.4 ± 5.1 pg/mL, post: 15.5 ± 7.3 pg/ml) trials than placebo (pre: 9.7 ± 4.2 pg/mL, post: 11.7 ± 5.4 pg/mL). There were no effects of time or condition on markers of endotoxemia (LBP [Placebo: ∆ -1.2 ± 3.2 μg/ml, Ibuprofen: ∆ 1.0 ± 1.6 μg/ml], sCD14).CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicate that ibuprofen ingestion does not worsen intestinal or renal injury experienced during one hour of exercise in the heat, but increases pro-inflammatory IL-8.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUNDSports participation in childhood is known to benefit physical health, but its impact on cognitive development, particularly comparing open-skill and closed-skill sports, is less understood.METHODSThis study analyzed baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, comprising 11,869 children aged 9-10 years. Participants were categorized into open-skill sports group (OSG), closed-skill sports group (CSG), and non-sport group (NSG). Cognitive performance was assessed using seven tasks from the NIH Toolbox, covering executive function, processing speed, and language domains. Group differences were examined using ANCOVA, controlling for sex, race, parental education, income, Area Deprivation Index (ADI), body mass index (BMI), and total time spent in activities.RESULTSIn the final analytical sample of 9,898 ABCD participants, the OSG outperformed both the CSG and NSG on executive function tasks, including the Flanker task (p < .01) and List Sorting Working Memory task (p < .01). No significant group differences were found on tasks assessing processing speed, or language domains.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that participation in open-skill sports may be associated with enhanced cognitive performance in childhood, particularly in executive function and working memory. These results support the idea that dynamic and cognitively demanding activities could play a role in cognitive development during key developmental periods.
{"title":"Cognitive Benefits of Open-Skill Sports in Childhood: Evidence from the ABCD Study.","authors":"Chia-Hao Shih,Michaela Broadnax,James Eckner,Philip Veliz,Eleanna Varangis","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003655","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDSports participation in childhood is known to benefit physical health, but its impact on cognitive development, particularly comparing open-skill and closed-skill sports, is less understood.METHODSThis study analyzed baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, comprising 11,869 children aged 9-10 years. Participants were categorized into open-skill sports group (OSG), closed-skill sports group (CSG), and non-sport group (NSG). Cognitive performance was assessed using seven tasks from the NIH Toolbox, covering executive function, processing speed, and language domains. Group differences were examined using ANCOVA, controlling for sex, race, parental education, income, Area Deprivation Index (ADI), body mass index (BMI), and total time spent in activities.RESULTSIn the final analytical sample of 9,898 ABCD participants, the OSG outperformed both the CSG and NSG on executive function tasks, including the Flanker task (p < .01) and List Sorting Working Memory task (p < .01). No significant group differences were found on tasks assessing processing speed, or language domains.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that participation in open-skill sports may be associated with enhanced cognitive performance in childhood, particularly in executive function and working memory. These results support the idea that dynamic and cognitively demanding activities could play a role in cognitive development during key developmental periods.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003649
Kristina-Marie T Janetos,Fergus K O'Connor,Robert D Meade,Brodie J Richards,Nick J Koetje,Nathalie V Kirby,James J McCormick,Andreas D Flouris,Glen P Kenny
PURPOSEExercise-induced heat acclimation can mitigate age-related reductions in heat-loss capacity, though performing repeated bouts of strenuous exercise in the heat may be untenable for many older adults. While short-term passive heat acclimation (e.g., ≤7 days of warm-water immersion) enhances whole-body heat loss in young adults, evidence of its efficacy in older adults is lacking. Thus, we examined whether 7-days warm-water immersion would improve whole-body heat loss in older adults.METHODSTwelve habitually active older men (median [IQR] age: 68 [64-73] years; peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak): 34.1 [29.4-36.1] mLO2·kg-1·min-1) completed 7 consecutive days of ~90-minutes warm-water immersion (~40 °C) with core (rectal) temperature clamped at ~38.5 °C for the final 60 minutes. Before and after the warm-water immersion intervention, whole-body total (evaporative + dry) heat loss was measured via direct calorimetry during three, 30-minute bouts of cycling at increasing fixed rates of metabolic heat production (150, 200, 250 W·m-2), each separated by 15-minutes rest, in a hot-dry environment (40 °C, ~13% relative humidity). Rectal temperature and heart rate were measured continuously.RESULTSFollowing 7 days of warm-water immersion, whole-body total heat loss was elevated by 23 [95% confidence interval: 14, 31] W·m-2 across exercise bouts (acclimation-effect: P < 0.001; interaction: P = 0.598). This was paralleled by reductions in core temperature and heart rate of 0.3 [0.2, 0.4] °C and 11 [8, 14] beats·min-1 (both, acclimation-effect: P < 0.001; interaction: P = 0.288), respectively.CONCLUSIONSSeven consecutive days of warm-water immersion improved whole-body heat loss and reduced core temperature and cardiovascular strain across light-to-vigorous intensity exercise in habitually active older men. Passive heat acclimation may be an efficacious alternative to exercise-heat acclimation to improve heat-loss capacity. Studies are warranted to assess effectiveness in more heat-vulnerable populations.
{"title":"Short-Term Warm-Water Immersion for Improving Whole-Body Heat Loss in Older Men.","authors":"Kristina-Marie T Janetos,Fergus K O'Connor,Robert D Meade,Brodie J Richards,Nick J Koetje,Nathalie V Kirby,James J McCormick,Andreas D Flouris,Glen P Kenny","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003649","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEExercise-induced heat acclimation can mitigate age-related reductions in heat-loss capacity, though performing repeated bouts of strenuous exercise in the heat may be untenable for many older adults. While short-term passive heat acclimation (e.g., ≤7 days of warm-water immersion) enhances whole-body heat loss in young adults, evidence of its efficacy in older adults is lacking. Thus, we examined whether 7-days warm-water immersion would improve whole-body heat loss in older adults.METHODSTwelve habitually active older men (median [IQR] age: 68 [64-73] years; peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak): 34.1 [29.4-36.1] mLO2·kg-1·min-1) completed 7 consecutive days of ~90-minutes warm-water immersion (~40 °C) with core (rectal) temperature clamped at ~38.5 °C for the final 60 minutes. Before and after the warm-water immersion intervention, whole-body total (evaporative + dry) heat loss was measured via direct calorimetry during three, 30-minute bouts of cycling at increasing fixed rates of metabolic heat production (150, 200, 250 W·m-2), each separated by 15-minutes rest, in a hot-dry environment (40 °C, ~13% relative humidity). Rectal temperature and heart rate were measured continuously.RESULTSFollowing 7 days of warm-water immersion, whole-body total heat loss was elevated by 23 [95% confidence interval: 14, 31] W·m-2 across exercise bouts (acclimation-effect: P < 0.001; interaction: P = 0.598). This was paralleled by reductions in core temperature and heart rate of 0.3 [0.2, 0.4] °C and 11 [8, 14] beats·min-1 (both, acclimation-effect: P < 0.001; interaction: P = 0.288), respectively.CONCLUSIONSSeven consecutive days of warm-water immersion improved whole-body heat loss and reduced core temperature and cardiovascular strain across light-to-vigorous intensity exercise in habitually active older men. Passive heat acclimation may be an efficacious alternative to exercise-heat acclimation to improve heat-loss capacity. Studies are warranted to assess effectiveness in more heat-vulnerable populations.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003652
Samuel R LaMunion,Joe Nguyen,Robert J Brychta,Richard P Troiano,Karl E Friedl,Kong Y Chen
INTRODUCTIONActiGraph accelerometers are used extensively to objectively assess physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Here, we present an objective validation of five generations of ActiGraph sensors to characterize potential differences in output arising from changes to hardware or firmware.METHODSAn orbital shaker generated accelerations from 0 to 3700 milli-g in a randomized order to test the wGT3X-BT, GT9X, CentrePoint Insight Watch (CPIW) 1.0 and 2.0, and the GT3X+ devices used in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Absolute (±50 milli-g) and relative (±5%) raw vector magnitude (VM) agreement to a NIST-calibrated accelerometer (3DM) was the primary outcome for static offset (delta from 3DM VM at 0 g), drift (delta VM start - minus end), and dynamic response.RESULTSWe observed inter-generation differences [(Mean ± SD) -27.5 ± 8.7 mg (GT9X) to 4.8 ± 32.0 mg (GT3X+)] and intra-generational variability in static offset that carried over to lower shaker accelerations (< ~1300 milli-g), but these variations were mitigated with post-hoc calibration or integrated units (e.g., counts, MIMS). All generations fell within the ±5% of the 3DM across the tested acceleration range and were within ±50 mg of the 3DM below 3000 milli-g's. Drift was small [0.91 ± 0.27 mg (GT3X+), 0.07 ± 0.31 mg (GT9X)] relative to ≥1000 milli-g VM signal.CONCLUSIONSUsing an orbital shaker and criterion accelerometer we found small differences in the raw output of five ActiGraph generations across a range of accelerations typical of free-living data. However, the devices largely fell within established limits of agreement to the NHANES GT3X+ devices and variability was minimized with auto-calibration or when data was expressed in MIMS or counts.
{"title":"Comparing Five Generations of ActiGraph Devices using an Orbital Shaker.","authors":"Samuel R LaMunion,Joe Nguyen,Robert J Brychta,Richard P Troiano,Karl E Friedl,Kong Y Chen","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003652","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONActiGraph accelerometers are used extensively to objectively assess physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep. Here, we present an objective validation of five generations of ActiGraph sensors to characterize potential differences in output arising from changes to hardware or firmware.METHODSAn orbital shaker generated accelerations from 0 to 3700 milli-g in a randomized order to test the wGT3X-BT, GT9X, CentrePoint Insight Watch (CPIW) 1.0 and 2.0, and the GT3X+ devices used in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Absolute (±50 milli-g) and relative (±5%) raw vector magnitude (VM) agreement to a NIST-calibrated accelerometer (3DM) was the primary outcome for static offset (delta from 3DM VM at 0 g), drift (delta VM start - minus end), and dynamic response.RESULTSWe observed inter-generation differences [(Mean ± SD) -27.5 ± 8.7 mg (GT9X) to 4.8 ± 32.0 mg (GT3X+)] and intra-generational variability in static offset that carried over to lower shaker accelerations (< ~1300 milli-g), but these variations were mitigated with post-hoc calibration or integrated units (e.g., counts, MIMS). All generations fell within the ±5% of the 3DM across the tested acceleration range and were within ±50 mg of the 3DM below 3000 milli-g's. Drift was small [0.91 ± 0.27 mg (GT3X+), 0.07 ± 0.31 mg (GT9X)] relative to ≥1000 milli-g VM signal.CONCLUSIONSUsing an orbital shaker and criterion accelerometer we found small differences in the raw output of five ActiGraph generations across a range of accelerations typical of free-living data. However, the devices largely fell within established limits of agreement to the NHANES GT3X+ devices and variability was minimized with auto-calibration or when data was expressed in MIMS or counts.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003650
Chongyun Wu,Peibin Zou,Ling Zhu,Shu Feng,Qianting Deng,Timon Cheng-Yi Liu,Rui Duan,Luodan Yang
PURPOSEThis study aimed to investigate the pathological responses of glial cells at different distances from amyloid plaques and the characteristics of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in perivascular clustering. Additionally, it sought to explore the impact of exercise training on AD pathology, specifically focusing on the modulation of glial responses and the effects of OPC perivascular clustering.METHODSThree-month-old C57BL/6 and APP/PS1 mice were divided into four groups: wild-type sedentary, wild-type exercise, sedentary AD, and exercise AD groups. The Barnes maze test was conducted to analyze spatial learning and memory. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis, Immunofluorescence staining, Fluro-Jade C staining, TUNEL staining, Sholl analysis, and 3D rendering analysis were employed to detect Aβ 1-42, tau hyperphosphorylation, typical amyloid plaques, abnormal tau phosphorylation, neuronal damage, apoptosis, neurodegeneration, microglial and astrocytic activation and phenotypic polarization, and OPC perivascular clustering.RESULTSBehavioral results revealed that long-term exercise training ameliorated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Histopathological analysis showed a reduction in amyloid deposition and decreased tau hyperphosphorylation. Immunofluorescence and Fluro-Jade C staining indicated that exercise attenuated neuronal damage, degeneration, and apoptosis. Sholl and 3D rendering analysis demonstrated that exercise mitigated spatially dependent glial phenotypic changes surrounding amyloid plaques in the AD cortex and hippocampus. Further, immunofluorescence staining revealed that exercise alleviated plaque-associated glial changes in these regions. Exercise also alleviated the reduction of microglial SIRPα and reduced synaptic loss mediated by microglial and astrocyte phagocytosis. Lastly, exercise mitigated OPC senescence and cellular senescence-induced OPC perivascular clustering in AD mice.CONCLUSIONSExercise can counteract AD pathological features by modulating glial responses and reducing OPC senescence and perivascular clustering near amyloid plaques, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for AD.
目的本研究旨在调查与淀粉样蛋白斑块保持不同距离的神经胶质细胞的病理反应以及少突胶质前体细胞（OPC）在血管周围聚集的特征。方法将三个月大的 C57BL/6 和 APP/PS1 小鼠分为四组：野生型久坐组、野生型运动组、久坐 AD 组和运动 AD 组。进行巴恩斯迷宫测试以分析空间学习和记忆。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）分析、免疫荧光染色、Fluro-Jade C染色、TUNEL染色、Sholl分析和三维渲染分析检测Aβ 1-42、tau过度磷酸化、典型淀粉样斑块、异常tau磷酸化、神经元损伤、细胞凋亡、神经变性、小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞活化和表型极化以及OPC血管周围集群。结果行为学结果显示，长期运动训练可改善APP/PS1小鼠的认知缺陷。组织病理学分析表明，淀粉样蛋白沉积减少，tau过度磷酸化降低。免疫荧光和Fluro-Jade C染色表明，运动减轻了神经元损伤、退化和凋亡。Sholl和三维渲染分析表明，运动减轻了AD皮层和海马淀粉样斑块周围神经胶质表型的空间依赖性变化。此外，免疫荧光染色显示，运动减轻了这些区域与斑块相关的神经胶质变化。运动还缓解了小胶质细胞SIRPα的减少，并减少了由小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞吞噬作用介导的突触损失。结论运动可以通过调节神经胶质反应、减少淀粉样蛋白斑块附近的OPC衰老和血管周围聚集来抵消AD的病理特征，突出了其作为AD治疗策略的潜力。
{"title":"Treadmill Exercise Mitigates Alzheimer's Pathology by Modulating Glial Polarization and Reducing Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Perivascular Clustering.","authors":"Chongyun Wu,Peibin Zou,Ling Zhu,Shu Feng,Qianting Deng,Timon Cheng-Yi Liu,Rui Duan,Luodan Yang","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003650","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEThis study aimed to investigate the pathological responses of glial cells at different distances from amyloid plaques and the characteristics of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in perivascular clustering. Additionally, it sought to explore the impact of exercise training on AD pathology, specifically focusing on the modulation of glial responses and the effects of OPC perivascular clustering.METHODSThree-month-old C57BL/6 and APP/PS1 mice were divided into four groups: wild-type sedentary, wild-type exercise, sedentary AD, and exercise AD groups. The Barnes maze test was conducted to analyze spatial learning and memory. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis, Immunofluorescence staining, Fluro-Jade C staining, TUNEL staining, Sholl analysis, and 3D rendering analysis were employed to detect Aβ 1-42, tau hyperphosphorylation, typical amyloid plaques, abnormal tau phosphorylation, neuronal damage, apoptosis, neurodegeneration, microglial and astrocytic activation and phenotypic polarization, and OPC perivascular clustering.RESULTSBehavioral results revealed that long-term exercise training ameliorated cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Histopathological analysis showed a reduction in amyloid deposition and decreased tau hyperphosphorylation. Immunofluorescence and Fluro-Jade C staining indicated that exercise attenuated neuronal damage, degeneration, and apoptosis. Sholl and 3D rendering analysis demonstrated that exercise mitigated spatially dependent glial phenotypic changes surrounding amyloid plaques in the AD cortex and hippocampus. Further, immunofluorescence staining revealed that exercise alleviated plaque-associated glial changes in these regions. Exercise also alleviated the reduction of microglial SIRPα and reduced synaptic loss mediated by microglial and astrocyte phagocytosis. Lastly, exercise mitigated OPC senescence and cellular senescence-induced OPC perivascular clustering in AD mice.CONCLUSIONSExercise can counteract AD pathological features by modulating glial responses and reducing OPC senescence and perivascular clustering near amyloid plaques, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for AD.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PURPOSEThis study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the effects of gymnastics programs with high versus low cognitive load on children's visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation.METHODSEighty-one healthy children aged 7 to 10 from Taipei City were randomly assigned to high cognitive load (HG), low cognitive load (LG), and control (SC) groups. The HG and LG groups underwent an 8-week gymnastics program with different levels of cognitive load, while the SC group participated in a static course. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included VSWM tests and simultaneous monitoring of PFC oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentration.RESULTSThe results showed time-related improvements in response accuracy and d-prime (d') from the pretest to posttest for both the HG and LG groups but not for the SC group. Additionally, the HG group demonstrated higher response accuracy and d' compared to the SC group at the posttest. Although VSWM-related HbO concentration was higher during task conditions requiring higher WM load compared to low WM load, no intervention effect was found. Further correlation analysis controlling for intervention-related fitness changes revealed positive associations between time-related changes in VSWM performance (response accuracy and d') and HbO concentration across all participants, with a similar correlation between response accuracy and HbO remaining specifically in the HG group but not other groups.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that a 8-week gymnastics program can enhance VSWM performance and such cognitive benefits may be maximized by incorporating higher cognitive loads into the intervention. Despite the positive correlations between time-related changes in PFC oxygenation and VSWM performance, the gymnastics programs did not alter task-related PFC oxygenation, suggesting that intervention-induced VSWM improvement may not be solely dependent on changes in task-related PFC oxygenation.
{"title":"The Effects of Gymnastics Programs with Different Cognitive Loads on Working Memory and Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Chih-Chien Lin,Shih-Chun Kao,Chiao-Ling Hung,Chia-Liang Tsai,Chung-Ju Huang,Yu-Kai Chang,Tsung-Min Hung","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003648","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEThis study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the effects of gymnastics programs with high versus low cognitive load on children's visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation.METHODSEighty-one healthy children aged 7 to 10 from Taipei City were randomly assigned to high cognitive load (HG), low cognitive load (LG), and control (SC) groups. The HG and LG groups underwent an 8-week gymnastics program with different levels of cognitive load, while the SC group participated in a static course. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included VSWM tests and simultaneous monitoring of PFC oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentration.RESULTSThe results showed time-related improvements in response accuracy and d-prime (d') from the pretest to posttest for both the HG and LG groups but not for the SC group. Additionally, the HG group demonstrated higher response accuracy and d' compared to the SC group at the posttest. Although VSWM-related HbO concentration was higher during task conditions requiring higher WM load compared to low WM load, no intervention effect was found. Further correlation analysis controlling for intervention-related fitness changes revealed positive associations between time-related changes in VSWM performance (response accuracy and d') and HbO concentration across all participants, with a similar correlation between response accuracy and HbO remaining specifically in the HG group but not other groups.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that a 8-week gymnastics program can enhance VSWM performance and such cognitive benefits may be maximized by incorporating higher cognitive loads into the intervention. Despite the positive correlations between time-related changes in PFC oxygenation and VSWM performance, the gymnastics programs did not alter task-related PFC oxygenation, suggesting that intervention-induced VSWM improvement may not be solely dependent on changes in task-related PFC oxygenation.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003583
Rachel Matthews,Christoph Höchsmann,Melissa L Erickson,James L Dorling,Guillaume Spielmann,Neil M Johannsen,Timothy S Church,Corby K Martin
PURPOSEAmerican College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) metabolic equations are used to estimate energy expenditure (EE) of physical activity and prescribe aerobic exercise to meet EE requirements. Limited evidence supports their accuracy in sedentary adults with overweight or obesity during controlled exercise interventions. The purpose of this study was to compare EE estimated by the ACSM walking equation versus EE measured by indirect calorimetry during a 24-week aerobic exercise intervention, and identify potential modulators for their accuracy.METHODSData from the exercising groups (8 or 20 kcal·kg body weight-1·week-1) of the E-MECHANIC study were utilized in this ancillary analysis (N = 103). Every 2 weeks for the initial 8 weeks and monthly thereafter, EE was measured via indirect calorimetry during absolute (2 mph, 0% grade) and relative (65-85% VO2peak) workload exercise. Resting metabolic rate, VO2peak, and body composition were assessed at baseline and follow-up. An EE offset factor (EOF) was calculated to express measured EE as a percentage of the estimated EE at each workload (EOF < 100% represents an overestimation of ACSM estimated EE).RESULTSThe accuracy of the equation decreased with increasing exercise workload (0.44%, 9.2%, and 20.3% overestimation at absolute, relative, and maximal workloads, respectively, at baseline) and overestimation of EE was greater after the exercise intervention. Furthermore, race, sex, age, fat mass, and VO2peak were identified as modulators for equation accuracy. Greater overestimation of EE was observed in Black compared to white females, particularly at lower exercise workloads.CONCLUSIONSThese findings support future efforts to improve the accuracy of metabolic equations, especially in diverse populations. Researchers should account for exercise efficiency adaptations when using metabolic equations to prescribe exercise precisely.
目的美国运动医学学院（ACSM）的代谢方程用于估算身体活动的能量消耗（EE），并规定有氧运动以满足EE要求。在对超重或肥胖的久坐成人进行受控运动干预时，支持其准确性的证据有限。本研究的目的是在为期 24 周的有氧运动干预过程中，比较 ACSM 步行方程估算的 EE 与间接热量计测量的 EE，并确定影响其准确性的潜在调节因素。在最初的 8 周内，每两周一次，之后每月一次，在绝对（2 英里/小时，0% 坡度）和相对（65-85% VO2 峰值）工作量运动时，通过间接热量计测量 EE。在基线和随访期间对静息代谢率、VO2 峰值和身体成分进行了评估。结果该方程的准确性随着运动负荷的增加而降低（基线时绝对、相对和最大运动负荷下的高估率分别为0.44%、9.2%和20.3%），运动干预后EE的高估率更高。此外，种族、性别、年龄、脂肪量和 VO2 峰值被认为是等式准确性的调节因素。与白人女性相比，黑人女性的 EE 被高估得更多，尤其是在运动负荷较低的情况下。研究人员在使用代谢方程精确规定运动量时，应考虑运动效率的适应性。
{"title":"Modulators of Energy Expenditure Accuracy in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: E-MECHANIC Secondary Analyses.","authors":"Rachel Matthews,Christoph Höchsmann,Melissa L Erickson,James L Dorling,Guillaume Spielmann,Neil M Johannsen,Timothy S Church,Corby K Martin","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003583","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEAmerican College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) metabolic equations are used to estimate energy expenditure (EE) of physical activity and prescribe aerobic exercise to meet EE requirements. Limited evidence supports their accuracy in sedentary adults with overweight or obesity during controlled exercise interventions. The purpose of this study was to compare EE estimated by the ACSM walking equation versus EE measured by indirect calorimetry during a 24-week aerobic exercise intervention, and identify potential modulators for their accuracy.METHODSData from the exercising groups (8 or 20 kcal·kg body weight-1·week-1) of the E-MECHANIC study were utilized in this ancillary analysis (N = 103). Every 2 weeks for the initial 8 weeks and monthly thereafter, EE was measured via indirect calorimetry during absolute (2 mph, 0% grade) and relative (65-85% VO2peak) workload exercise. Resting metabolic rate, VO2peak, and body composition were assessed at baseline and follow-up. An EE offset factor (EOF) was calculated to express measured EE as a percentage of the estimated EE at each workload (EOF < 100% represents an overestimation of ACSM estimated EE).RESULTSThe accuracy of the equation decreased with increasing exercise workload (0.44%, 9.2%, and 20.3% overestimation at absolute, relative, and maximal workloads, respectively, at baseline) and overestimation of EE was greater after the exercise intervention. Furthermore, race, sex, age, fat mass, and VO2peak were identified as modulators for equation accuracy. Greater overestimation of EE was observed in Black compared to white females, particularly at lower exercise workloads.CONCLUSIONSThese findings support future efforts to improve the accuracy of metabolic equations, especially in diverse populations. Researchers should account for exercise efficiency adaptations when using metabolic equations to prescribe exercise precisely.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003567
Alyson R Pierick,Kelly J Burke,Megan Prusi,Bethany Largent,Sunkyung Yu,Ray E Lowery,Ashley Duimstra,Jesse E Hansen
PURPOSEPhysical activity and a healthy lifestyle play an essential role in optimizing long-term health in patients with Fontan physiology. Wrist-worn activity trackers may be useful in medically directed exercise programs for patients with Fontan physiology. The objective of this study was to measure the validity of Garmin and Fitbit activity tracker heart rate detection in patients with Fontan circulation when compared to electrocardiogram (ECG) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).METHODS47 Fontan patients undergoing CPET for clinical indications were included and wore activity trackers during CPET. Heart rate via the activity tracker was collected at baseline, maximal exercise, and recovery. Patient heart rates, peak VO2, and peak respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were collected using standard CPET protocols and equipment. Heart rate at each time point was compared between the activity trackers and CPET ECG.RESULTSMedian age of participants was 17.1 years, 15.1 years since Fontan completion. Mean percent of predicted peak VO2 was 56.8%, z-score -3.2 with 61.7% of participants completing a maximal CPET (RER ≥ 1.09). Baseline oxygen saturation mean was 92.9%, 90.0% at maximal exercise. Activity trackers demonstrated mean absolute percentage error < 10% at most time points, comparable with other studies. Demographics, Fontan-associated comorbidities, and echocardiogram findings did not impact the accuracy.CONCLUSIONSConsumer-oriented wrist-worn activity trackers show promising accuracy for heart rate monitoring in medically directed exercise programs for adolescents and young adults with Fontan physiology. Further validation across different exercise modalities is needed.
{"title":"Validity of Wrist-Worn Activity Tracker Heart Rate Detection in Fontan Patients During Exercise.","authors":"Alyson R Pierick,Kelly J Burke,Megan Prusi,Bethany Largent,Sunkyung Yu,Ray E Lowery,Ashley Duimstra,Jesse E Hansen","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003567","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEPhysical activity and a healthy lifestyle play an essential role in optimizing long-term health in patients with Fontan physiology. Wrist-worn activity trackers may be useful in medically directed exercise programs for patients with Fontan physiology. The objective of this study was to measure the validity of Garmin and Fitbit activity tracker heart rate detection in patients with Fontan circulation when compared to electrocardiogram (ECG) during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).METHODS47 Fontan patients undergoing CPET for clinical indications were included and wore activity trackers during CPET. Heart rate via the activity tracker was collected at baseline, maximal exercise, and recovery. Patient heart rates, peak VO2, and peak respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were collected using standard CPET protocols and equipment. Heart rate at each time point was compared between the activity trackers and CPET ECG.RESULTSMedian age of participants was 17.1 years, 15.1 years since Fontan completion. Mean percent of predicted peak VO2 was 56.8%, z-score -3.2 with 61.7% of participants completing a maximal CPET (RER ≥ 1.09). Baseline oxygen saturation mean was 92.9%, 90.0% at maximal exercise. Activity trackers demonstrated mean absolute percentage error < 10% at most time points, comparable with other studies. Demographics, Fontan-associated comorbidities, and echocardiogram findings did not impact the accuracy.CONCLUSIONSConsumer-oriented wrist-worn activity trackers show promising accuracy for heart rate monitoring in medically directed exercise programs for adolescents and young adults with Fontan physiology. Further validation across different exercise modalities is needed.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003569
Katharine D Currie,Martin G Schultz,Philp J Millar,Linda S Pescatello
Hypertension affects one in three adults globally and is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While blood pressure measurements at rest are fundamental to the detection and management of hypertension, abnormal blood pressure responses to exercise, namely an exaggerated exercise blood pressure (EEBP), can provide additional independent information about current and future hypertension risk. This paper summarizes a symposium entitled: "The Role of Exercise BP in Hypertension: Measurement, Mechanisms and Management" included at the 2023 American College of Sports Medicine annual meeting, which presented a timely discussion about the clinical utility of EEBP. Here we will summarize the evidence presented by the speakers including considerations for blood pressure measurement during exercise, an overview of EEBP thresholds and discussion about the value of EEBP during submaximal exercise for the identification and management of hypertension, a summary of the potential physiological mechanisms underpinning an EEBP, and a review of exercise prescription guidelines based on new and emerging evidence as they relate to the American College of Sports Medicine's exercise recommendations for hypertension. We conclude by highlighting areas for future research with the overarching goal of improving the measurement and management of hypertension.
{"title":"The Role of Exercise Blood Pressure in Hypertension: Measurement, Mechanisms and Management.","authors":"Katharine D Currie,Martin G Schultz,Philp J Millar,Linda S Pescatello","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003569","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension affects one in three adults globally and is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While blood pressure measurements at rest are fundamental to the detection and management of hypertension, abnormal blood pressure responses to exercise, namely an exaggerated exercise blood pressure (EEBP), can provide additional independent information about current and future hypertension risk. This paper summarizes a symposium entitled: \"The Role of Exercise BP in Hypertension: Measurement, Mechanisms and Management\" included at the 2023 American College of Sports Medicine annual meeting, which presented a timely discussion about the clinical utility of EEBP. Here we will summarize the evidence presented by the speakers including considerations for blood pressure measurement during exercise, an overview of EEBP thresholds and discussion about the value of EEBP during submaximal exercise for the identification and management of hypertension, a summary of the potential physiological mechanisms underpinning an EEBP, and a review of exercise prescription guidelines based on new and emerging evidence as they relate to the American College of Sports Medicine's exercise recommendations for hypertension. We conclude by highlighting areas for future research with the overarching goal of improving the measurement and management of hypertension.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003568
Drusus A Johnson,Thomas G Cable,Mark P Funnell,Donald L Peden,Josh Thorley,Mafalda Ferreira de Cunha,Kirsty M Reynolds,Luke Harris,Matt Wood,Tom Chavez-O'Reilly,Joe Carrington,Stephen J Bailey,Tom Clifford,Liam M Heaney,Lewis J James
PURPOSEExertional heat stress can induce systemic endotoxin exposure and a pro-inflammatory cascade, likely impairing thermoregulation. Cannabidiol (CBD) is protective in pre-clinical models of tissue ischaemia and inflammation. Therefore, this study examined the effects of CBD ingestion on exercise-induced thermoregulatory and inflammatory responses.METHODSIn a randomised, double-blinded study, thirteen active males (age 25 ± 5 y; peak oxygen uptake [V̇O2peak] 50.4 ± 3.2 mL/kg/min) ingested 298 mg CBD or placebo 105 minutes before 1 h treadmill exercise (60-65% V̇O2peak) in 32 °C and 50% relative humidity. Core temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, subjective outcomes and sweat loss were assessed during/after exercise. Plasma osmolality, plasma volume changes and plasma markers of intestinal damage (I-FABP), monocyte activation (CD14) and inflammatory cytokine responses (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) were assessed at baseline, pre-exercise, 20- and 90-min post-exercise.RESULTSCore temperature (∆ 1.69 ± 0.48 °C [CBD] and 1.79 ± 0.53 °C [Placebo]) and I-FABP increased during exercise, with no differences between conditions (p > 0.050). Mean (95% CI) CD14 was 1776 (463 to 3090) pg/mL greater 90 min post-exercise in placebo (p = 0.049). Median (interquartile range) peak IL-6 concentration was -0.8 (-1.1, -0.3) pg/mL less in CBD (p = 0.050), whilst the between-conditions difference in IL-6 area under curve was -113 (-172, 27) pg/mL·270 min (p = 0.054).CONCLUSIONSCBD did not affect thermoregulation during exertional heat stress but appeared to elicit minor immunosuppressive effects, reducing CD14 and IL-6 responses, warranting investigation in humans under more severe heat strain and other pro-inflammatory scenarios.
{"title":"Effects of Cannabidiol Ingestion on Thermoregulatory and Inflammatory Responses to Treadmill Exercise in the Heat in Recreationally Active Males.","authors":"Drusus A Johnson,Thomas G Cable,Mark P Funnell,Donald L Peden,Josh Thorley,Mafalda Ferreira de Cunha,Kirsty M Reynolds,Luke Harris,Matt Wood,Tom Chavez-O'Reilly,Joe Carrington,Stephen J Bailey,Tom Clifford,Liam M Heaney,Lewis J James","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003568","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEExertional heat stress can induce systemic endotoxin exposure and a pro-inflammatory cascade, likely impairing thermoregulation. Cannabidiol (CBD) is protective in pre-clinical models of tissue ischaemia and inflammation. Therefore, this study examined the effects of CBD ingestion on exercise-induced thermoregulatory and inflammatory responses.METHODSIn a randomised, double-blinded study, thirteen active males (age 25 ± 5 y; peak oxygen uptake [V̇O2peak] 50.4 ± 3.2 mL/kg/min) ingested 298 mg CBD or placebo 105 minutes before 1 h treadmill exercise (60-65% V̇O2peak) in 32 °C and 50% relative humidity. Core temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, subjective outcomes and sweat loss were assessed during/after exercise. Plasma osmolality, plasma volume changes and plasma markers of intestinal damage (I-FABP), monocyte activation (CD14) and inflammatory cytokine responses (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) were assessed at baseline, pre-exercise, 20- and 90-min post-exercise.RESULTSCore temperature (∆ 1.69 ± 0.48 °C [CBD] and 1.79 ± 0.53 °C [Placebo]) and I-FABP increased during exercise, with no differences between conditions (p > 0.050). Mean (95% CI) CD14 was 1776 (463 to 3090) pg/mL greater 90 min post-exercise in placebo (p = 0.049). Median (interquartile range) peak IL-6 concentration was -0.8 (-1.1, -0.3) pg/mL less in CBD (p = 0.050), whilst the between-conditions difference in IL-6 area under curve was -113 (-172, 27) pg/mL·270 min (p = 0.054).CONCLUSIONSCBD did not affect thermoregulation during exertional heat stress but appeared to elicit minor immunosuppressive effects, reducing CD14 and IL-6 responses, warranting investigation in humans under more severe heat strain and other pro-inflammatory scenarios.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：