PURPOSEThe number of cancer survivors is increasing in Europe by 3.5% per year since 2010. Overall, 38% of all prevalent cases will live more than 10 years after the diagnosis. Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as the second most prevalent cancer among survivors across genders. Interestingly, most CRC survivors will be older than 75 and will possibly need survivorship care services. This study primary aim was to investigate the association between physical fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with CRC. Secondary analyses explored detailed subdomains.METHODSWe investigated the cross-sectional association between physical fitness, measured with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and isometric handgrip strength, and HRQoL in a cohort of Portuguese and Spanish CRC patients (n=272, mean [SD] age 65±10.8 years, 65% men; and 11%, 22%, 36% and 31% in stages I, II, III and IV, respectively). Linear regression models were used to assess the association between physical fitness and HRQoL. Minimally important differences (MIDs) of 5-10 points were used to evaluate clinical relevance.RESULTSMean (SD) global HRQoL was 69.2 (21.8). A 50 m longer 6MWT distance was associated with differences in cognitive function [β: 0.11 (0.08-0.14)] and body weight [β: 0.10 (0.05-0.14)] scores that exceeded the MIDs threshold (5-10 points), suggesting potential clinical relevance. Additionally, physical function, role function, emotional function, dyspnoea, and anxiety approached clinical relevance with differences ranging from +4.0 to +4.5 points. A 5 kg increase in handgrip strength was associated with meaningful differences in several HRQoL domains: role function [β: 1.90 (1.45-2.36)], fatigue [β: -1.64 (-2.11 to -1.18)], nausea/vomiting [β: -1.96 (-2.42 to -1.51)], body image [β: 1.14 (0.63-1.64)], and anxiety [β: 1.57 (1.07-2.07)], exceeding the MIDs thresholds (5-10 points).CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that greater 6MWT performance and upper-body muscle strength are associated with better functioning and lower symptom burden. Additionally, greater aerobic fitness was linked to better cognitive function. These findings underscore the potential importance of physical fitness for quality of life in cancer survivors and highlight the need for future interventional studies to determine whether improving fitness through rehabilitation strategies can enhance patient outcomes.
{"title":"Six Minutes' Walk Test and Handgrip Strength Associated with Increased Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.","authors":"Luísa Soares-Miranda,Maria Romero-Elías,Marco Silva,Armando Peixoto,Guilherme Macedo,Sandra Abreu,Ana Ruiz Casado","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003885","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEThe number of cancer survivors is increasing in Europe by 3.5% per year since 2010. Overall, 38% of all prevalent cases will live more than 10 years after the diagnosis. Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as the second most prevalent cancer among survivors across genders. Interestingly, most CRC survivors will be older than 75 and will possibly need survivorship care services. This study primary aim was to investigate the association between physical fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with CRC. Secondary analyses explored detailed subdomains.METHODSWe investigated the cross-sectional association between physical fitness, measured with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and isometric handgrip strength, and HRQoL in a cohort of Portuguese and Spanish CRC patients (n=272, mean [SD] age 65±10.8 years, 65% men; and 11%, 22%, 36% and 31% in stages I, II, III and IV, respectively). Linear regression models were used to assess the association between physical fitness and HRQoL. Minimally important differences (MIDs) of 5-10 points were used to evaluate clinical relevance.RESULTSMean (SD) global HRQoL was 69.2 (21.8). A 50 m longer 6MWT distance was associated with differences in cognitive function [β: 0.11 (0.08-0.14)] and body weight [β: 0.10 (0.05-0.14)] scores that exceeded the MIDs threshold (5-10 points), suggesting potential clinical relevance. Additionally, physical function, role function, emotional function, dyspnoea, and anxiety approached clinical relevance with differences ranging from +4.0 to +4.5 points. A 5 kg increase in handgrip strength was associated with meaningful differences in several HRQoL domains: role function [β: 1.90 (1.45-2.36)], fatigue [β: -1.64 (-2.11 to -1.18)], nausea/vomiting [β: -1.96 (-2.42 to -1.51)], body image [β: 1.14 (0.63-1.64)], and anxiety [β: 1.57 (1.07-2.07)], exceeding the MIDs thresholds (5-10 points).CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that greater 6MWT performance and upper-body muscle strength are associated with better functioning and lower symptom burden. Additionally, greater aerobic fitness was linked to better cognitive function. These findings underscore the potential importance of physical fitness for quality of life in cancer survivors and highlight the need for future interventional studies to determine whether improving fitness through rehabilitation strategies can enhance patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145380860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003876
Brittany A Matenchuk,Laura Osachoff,Chenxi Cai,Rhonda C Bell,Nicole Letourneau,Gerald F Giesbrecht,Leticia Radin Pereira,Faith Ntanda,Henry Ntanda,Margie H Davenport
PURPOSETo examine the impact of prenatal physical activity on child growth from birth to 3 years.METHODSData were obtained from a subset of the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort (N=1,725). Prenatal physical activity was evaluated using the Baecke Questionnaire in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy and separate trajectories of latent clusters of total, work, leisure, and sports activity scores were generated (Group 1=lowest activity; Group 3=highest activity). Child weight and length/height were collected from birth to 36 months. Multi-trajectory modeling identified four latent clusters of child growth based on WHO z-scores of length/height, weight, and BMI (kg/m2). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the associations (relative risk ratio; RRR) between prenatal activity and child growth.RESULTSInfants were classified into four latent growth trajectories: Low Length Low Weight (18.7%); Reference (41.2%); Low Length Moderate Weight (16.0%); and High Length High Weight (24.2%). Maternal total activity was not associated with child growth trajectory. Higher work activity was associated with increased risk of Low Length Low Weight trajectory (Group 2, RRR 1.42; 95% CI 1.05-1.89, p=0.02; Group 3, RRR 1.52; 95% CI 1.05-2.18; p=0.02).), persisting after adjustment (Group 2, adjRRR 1.48; 95% CI 1.08-2.03, p=0.02; Group 3, adjRRR 1.60; 95% CI 1.09-2.37; p=0.02). Higher maternal sports activity was linked to Low Weight Low Length trajectory following adjustment for maternal demographic variables, but not gestational age at birth. High prenatal leisure activity was associated with an increased likelihood of child classification in the Low Length Moderate Weight trajectory in crude (RRR 1.66; 95% CI 0.98-2.82; p=0.06) and adjusted (adjRRR 1.73; 95% CI 1.01-2.95; p=0.04) analyses.CONCLUSIONSPhysical activity domains during pregnancy are differently related to child growth trajectories.
目的探讨产前体育锻炼对出生至3岁儿童生长发育的影响。方法数据来自艾伯塔省妊娠结局和营养（APrON）队列的一个子集（N=1,725）。使用Baecke问卷在妊娠的第一、第二和第三个月对产前身体活动进行评估，并生成总、工作、休闲和体育活动得分的潜在聚类的单独轨迹（组1=最低活动；组3=最高活动）。收集婴儿出生至36个月的体重和身高。基于WHO长度/身高、体重和BMI （kg/m2）的z分数，多轨迹模型确定了儿童生长的四个潜在聚类。使用多项逻辑回归来评估产前活动与儿童生长之间的关联（相对风险比；RRR）。结果婴儿可分为4种潜在生长轨迹：低长低重（18.7%）；参考(41.2%);低长度中等重量（16.0%）；高长度、高重量（24.2%）。母亲总活动量与儿童生长轨迹无关。较高的工作活动量与低长度低体重轨迹的风险增加相关（组2，RRR 1.42; 95% CI 1.05-1.89, p=0.02；组3，RRR 1.52; 95% CI 1.05-2.18, p=0.02），调整后持续存在（组2，adjRRR 1.48; 95% CI 1.08-2.03, p=0.02；组3，adjRRR 1.60; 95% CI 1.09-2.37, p=0.02）。根据产妇人口统计变量调整后，较高的产妇体育活动与低体重低身高轨迹有关，但与出生时胎龄无关。在原始分析（RRR 1.66; 95% CI 0.98-2.82; p=0.06）和调整分析（RRR 1.73; 95% CI 1.01-2.95; p=0.04）中，高产前休闲活动与儿童在低长度中等体重轨迹中分类的可能性增加有关。结论孕期体育活动域与儿童生长轨迹有不同的关系。
{"title":"Impact of Prenatal Activity on Child Growth Trajectories: Findings from the APrON Study.","authors":"Brittany A Matenchuk,Laura Osachoff,Chenxi Cai,Rhonda C Bell,Nicole Letourneau,Gerald F Giesbrecht,Leticia Radin Pereira,Faith Ntanda,Henry Ntanda,Margie H Davenport","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003876","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSETo examine the impact of prenatal physical activity on child growth from birth to 3 years.METHODSData were obtained from a subset of the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort (N=1,725). Prenatal physical activity was evaluated using the Baecke Questionnaire in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy and separate trajectories of latent clusters of total, work, leisure, and sports activity scores were generated (Group 1=lowest activity; Group 3=highest activity). Child weight and length/height were collected from birth to 36 months. Multi-trajectory modeling identified four latent clusters of child growth based on WHO z-scores of length/height, weight, and BMI (kg/m2). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the associations (relative risk ratio; RRR) between prenatal activity and child growth.RESULTSInfants were classified into four latent growth trajectories: Low Length Low Weight (18.7%); Reference (41.2%); Low Length Moderate Weight (16.0%); and High Length High Weight (24.2%). Maternal total activity was not associated with child growth trajectory. Higher work activity was associated with increased risk of Low Length Low Weight trajectory (Group 2, RRR 1.42; 95% CI 1.05-1.89, p=0.02; Group 3, RRR 1.52; 95% CI 1.05-2.18; p=0.02).), persisting after adjustment (Group 2, adjRRR 1.48; 95% CI 1.08-2.03, p=0.02; Group 3, adjRRR 1.60; 95% CI 1.09-2.37; p=0.02). Higher maternal sports activity was linked to Low Weight Low Length trajectory following adjustment for maternal demographic variables, but not gestational age at birth. High prenatal leisure activity was associated with an increased likelihood of child classification in the Low Length Moderate Weight trajectory in crude (RRR 1.66; 95% CI 0.98-2.82; p=0.06) and adjusted (adjRRR 1.73; 95% CI 1.01-2.95; p=0.04) analyses.CONCLUSIONSPhysical activity domains during pregnancy are differently related to child growth trajectories.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145380781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003884
Natã Stavinski,Gil B Rosa,Witalo Kassiano,Vanessa Santos-Melo,Aline Prado,Jarlisson Francsuel,Felipe Lisboa,Alexandre M Cavalcanti,Letícia T Cyrino,Gabriel Kunevaliki,Melissa Antunes,Ricardo J Rodrigues,João P Magalhães,Analiza M Silva,Luís B Sardinha,Edilson S Cyrino
PURPOSEThis study investigated the relationship between muscle thickness and raw and derived bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters following 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) in older women.METHODSFifty-five older women were assigned to a control group (n = 31) or an RT group (n = 24). Muscle thickness was assessed using B-mode ultrasound, while BIA parameters, including reactance (Xc), resistance (R), phase angle (PhA), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), and total body water (TBW), were measured at 50 kHz. Total and appendicular lean soft tissue (LST) and fat mass were evaluated via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.RESULTSMuscle thickness and total and appendicular LST increased in the RT group (+2.9% to +6.2%; P < 0.001), whereas muscle thickness decreased in the control group (-4.1%; P < 0.001). Xc, PhA, and ECW also increased in the RT group (+1.6% to +5.8%; P ≤ 0.002) but decreased in the control group (-1.1% to -5.8%; P ≤ 0.022). In the RT group, muscle thickness was positively correlated with Xc, PhA, TBW, and ECW (rrm = 0.40-0.52; P ≤ 0.023), whereas in the control group, muscle thickness correlated only with Xc, R, and PhA (rrm = 0.43-0.46; P ≤ 0.015). Linear mixed models showed that muscle thickness was associated with all raw and derived BIA parameters in the RT group but only with PhA in the control group.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that increases in muscle thickness resulting from a 12-week RT program are synergistically associated with changes in both raw and derived BIA parameters, which may play a crucial role in enhancing cellular health in older women.
{"title":"Synergistic Relationship between Muscle Thickness and Cellular Health after Resistance Training in Older Women.","authors":"Natã Stavinski,Gil B Rosa,Witalo Kassiano,Vanessa Santos-Melo,Aline Prado,Jarlisson Francsuel,Felipe Lisboa,Alexandre M Cavalcanti,Letícia T Cyrino,Gabriel Kunevaliki,Melissa Antunes,Ricardo J Rodrigues,João P Magalhães,Analiza M Silva,Luís B Sardinha,Edilson S Cyrino","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003884","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEThis study investigated the relationship between muscle thickness and raw and derived bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters following 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) in older women.METHODSFifty-five older women were assigned to a control group (n = 31) or an RT group (n = 24). Muscle thickness was assessed using B-mode ultrasound, while BIA parameters, including reactance (Xc), resistance (R), phase angle (PhA), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), and total body water (TBW), were measured at 50 kHz. Total and appendicular lean soft tissue (LST) and fat mass were evaluated via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.RESULTSMuscle thickness and total and appendicular LST increased in the RT group (+2.9% to +6.2%; P < 0.001), whereas muscle thickness decreased in the control group (-4.1%; P < 0.001). Xc, PhA, and ECW also increased in the RT group (+1.6% to +5.8%; P ≤ 0.002) but decreased in the control group (-1.1% to -5.8%; P ≤ 0.022). In the RT group, muscle thickness was positively correlated with Xc, PhA, TBW, and ECW (rrm = 0.40-0.52; P ≤ 0.023), whereas in the control group, muscle thickness correlated only with Xc, R, and PhA (rrm = 0.43-0.46; P ≤ 0.015). Linear mixed models showed that muscle thickness was associated with all raw and derived BIA parameters in the RT group but only with PhA in the control group.CONCLUSIONSOur findings suggest that increases in muscle thickness resulting from a 12-week RT program are synergistically associated with changes in both raw and derived BIA parameters, which may play a crucial role in enhancing cellular health in older women.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145380782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003881
Chris Mawhinney,Kari Kalliokoski,Warren Gregson,Ilkka Heinonen
{"title":"Clarifying the Role of [15O]H2O PET in Assessing Skeletal Muscle Perfusion following Post-Exercise Cooling.","authors":"Chris Mawhinney,Kari Kalliokoski,Warren Gregson,Ilkka Heinonen","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003881","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003879
Nicholas J Saner,Esther Garcia-Dominguez,Matthew J-C Lee,Andrew Garnham,Jonathan D Bartlett,David J Bishop
PURPOSEInadequate sleep has been linked to the development of cardiometabolic disease, with increases in inflammation suggested as a possible underlying mechanism. Exercise has anti-inflammatory properties and may ameliorate some of the detrimental inflammatory effects associated with sleep loss. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of sleep restriction, with or without high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), on plasma and skeletal muscle markers of inflammation.METHODSTwenty-four healthy, young males underwent a five-night sleep intervention period. Participants were allocated to one of three groups; Normal Sleep (NS, n=8) (8 h time in bed each night (TIB)), Sleep Restriction (SR, n=8) (4 h TIB), or Sleep Restriction and Exercise (SR+EX, n=8, 4 h TIB, with three sessions of HIIE). Skeletal muscle and plasma samples were collected pre- and post-intervention and assessed for inflammatory markers.RESULTSPlasma inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) did not change from pre- to post-intervention in any group (P > 0.05). Skeletal muscle protein content of NFAT1 increased in the SR group only (mean difference ± SD: 0.39 ± 0.45 A.U.; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.67 A.U.; P=0.010). However, no further changes in inflammatory-related skeletal muscle mRNA content (NF-KB (p50), NF-KB (p65), SOD1) or protein content (p-STAT1, p-JNK, p-ERK 1/2) were observed in any group (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONSFive nights of sleep restriction, with or without HIIE, resulted in minimal changes to plasma and skeletal muscle inflammatory markers. Additional timepoints and broader inflammatory assessments may better elucidate the relationship between sleep loss and inflammation.
{"title":"The Influence of Sleep Restriction and High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Plasma and Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory Markers in Young Healthy Males.","authors":"Nicholas J Saner,Esther Garcia-Dominguez,Matthew J-C Lee,Andrew Garnham,Jonathan D Bartlett,David J Bishop","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003879","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEInadequate sleep has been linked to the development of cardiometabolic disease, with increases in inflammation suggested as a possible underlying mechanism. Exercise has anti-inflammatory properties and may ameliorate some of the detrimental inflammatory effects associated with sleep loss. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of sleep restriction, with or without high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), on plasma and skeletal muscle markers of inflammation.METHODSTwenty-four healthy, young males underwent a five-night sleep intervention period. Participants were allocated to one of three groups; Normal Sleep (NS, n=8) (8 h time in bed each night (TIB)), Sleep Restriction (SR, n=8) (4 h TIB), or Sleep Restriction and Exercise (SR+EX, n=8, 4 h TIB, with three sessions of HIIE). Skeletal muscle and plasma samples were collected pre- and post-intervention and assessed for inflammatory markers.RESULTSPlasma inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) did not change from pre- to post-intervention in any group (P > 0.05). Skeletal muscle protein content of NFAT1 increased in the SR group only (mean difference ± SD: 0.39 ± 0.45 A.U.; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.67 A.U.; P=0.010). However, no further changes in inflammatory-related skeletal muscle mRNA content (NF-KB (p50), NF-KB (p65), SOD1) or protein content (p-STAT1, p-JNK, p-ERK 1/2) were observed in any group (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONSFive nights of sleep restriction, with or without HIIE, resulted in minimal changes to plasma and skeletal muscle inflammatory markers. Additional timepoints and broader inflammatory assessments may better elucidate the relationship between sleep loss and inflammation.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003882
Garett J Griffith,Brandi Thomsen,Zepei Xie,Aileen Zhang,Zakary Davis,Kathleen E Mckee,Daniel M Corcos
BACKGROUNDParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative nervous system condition causing motor and non-motor symptoms. Endurance training is commonly prescribed in people with PD for possible slowing of disease progression. Since people with PD exhibit lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), it is important to understand peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) in people with PD. VO2peak prediction equations may be used when cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is unavailable; however, exercise-based PD-specific prediction equations are lacking. The purpose of the study was to develop a PD-specific VO2peak prediction equation, and to compare this equation to published VO2peak prediction equations.METHODSN=127 never medicated individuals with PD, aged 40-80yrs, Hoehn & Yahr stages 1-2, within 5yrs of diagnosis, exercising ≤3days/week, completed a treadmill CPET. Linear regression analyses were performed to generate the VO2peak equation from a validation sub-sample, which was applied to a cross-validation sub-sample. The equation was compared to two published equations for healthy adults.RESULTSThe PD-specific VO2peak equation was: VO2peak (mL/kg/min) = 12.466 + 0.149*(TM speed [m/min]) + 85.7*(TM grade [%, as a decimal]) - 2.383*(sex [0=male, 1=female]) - 0.135*(age [years]). There was no difference between estimated and measured VO2peak in the cross-validation sub-sample. Our equation successfully predicted VO2peak in early PD, whereas VO2peak was over- and underestimated in people with PD by the ACSM and Foster equations, respectively.CONCLUSIONSClinicians can estimate VO2peak in individuals with PD to identify those for whom endurance exercise training should be a major health priority, develop an exercise prescription, and assess changes in VO2peak over time.
{"title":"Creating and Evaluating a Prediction Equation for VO2peak in Individuals with Early Stage, Never Medicated Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Garett J Griffith,Brandi Thomsen,Zepei Xie,Aileen Zhang,Zakary Davis,Kathleen E Mckee,Daniel M Corcos","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003882","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative nervous system condition causing motor and non-motor symptoms. Endurance training is commonly prescribed in people with PD for possible slowing of disease progression. Since people with PD exhibit lower cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), it is important to understand peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) in people with PD. VO2peak prediction equations may be used when cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is unavailable; however, exercise-based PD-specific prediction equations are lacking. The purpose of the study was to develop a PD-specific VO2peak prediction equation, and to compare this equation to published VO2peak prediction equations.METHODSN=127 never medicated individuals with PD, aged 40-80yrs, Hoehn & Yahr stages 1-2, within 5yrs of diagnosis, exercising ≤3days/week, completed a treadmill CPET. Linear regression analyses were performed to generate the VO2peak equation from a validation sub-sample, which was applied to a cross-validation sub-sample. The equation was compared to two published equations for healthy adults.RESULTSThe PD-specific VO2peak equation was: VO2peak (mL/kg/min) = 12.466 + 0.149*(TM speed [m/min]) + 85.7*(TM grade [%, as a decimal]) - 2.383*(sex [0=male, 1=female]) - 0.135*(age [years]). There was no difference between estimated and measured VO2peak in the cross-validation sub-sample. Our equation successfully predicted VO2peak in early PD, whereas VO2peak was over- and underestimated in people with PD by the ACSM and Foster equations, respectively.CONCLUSIONSClinicians can estimate VO2peak in individuals with PD to identify those for whom endurance exercise training should be a major health priority, develop an exercise prescription, and assess changes in VO2peak over time.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003880
Carl Jefferson Payton,Conor Osborough,Ross Sanders,Tomohiro Gonjo
PURPOSERotation of the body about its longitudinal axis or 'body roll' in front crawl swimming may reduce injury risk, enhance propulsion and reduce drag. An upper limb amputation may hinder body roll and diminish the benefits associated with this movement. This study examined the external fluid torques (buoyant and hydrodynamic) acting on unilateral upper limb amputee swimmers and their influence on whole-body roll, shoulder roll and hip roll during front crawl.METHODSTen Para swimmers with unilateral at-elbow amputation completed front crawl trials at sprinting speed. Three-dimensional motion analysis provided shoulder roll and hip roll angle-time histories. Swimmer's centre of mass (CM), centre of buoyancy (CB) and whole-body angular momentum (H) were determined relative to the body roll axis. Whole-body roll was calculated by dividing H by the moment of inertia at each time and integrating over the cycle. Buoyant torque was obtained from the cross product of the CM-CB position vector and the buoyant force vector. Net external torque was computed as the time derivative of H and hydrodynamic torque was then found by subtracting buoyant torque from net external torque.RESULTSShoulder roll amplitude, maximum buoyant torque and buoyant torque impulse were greater (p<.01) during recovery (over-water phase) of the non-impaired limb than during recovery of the impaired limb. No significant bilateral differences were found for whole-body roll, hip roll or trunk-twist amplitudes. Mean contributions of buoyant torque and hydrodynamic torque to whole-body roll over the full upper limb cycle were 48% and 52%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSSwimmers with unilateral forearm amputation experience an asymmetric buoyant torque, requiring them to sacrifice propulsive force to counterbalance the torque asymmetry and maintain symmetric whole-body roll.
{"title":"Effect of Unilateral Forearm Amputation on Fluid Torques and Body Roll in Front Crawl Swimming and the Implications for Performance.","authors":"Carl Jefferson Payton,Conor Osborough,Ross Sanders,Tomohiro Gonjo","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003880","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSERotation of the body about its longitudinal axis or 'body roll' in front crawl swimming may reduce injury risk, enhance propulsion and reduce drag. An upper limb amputation may hinder body roll and diminish the benefits associated with this movement. This study examined the external fluid torques (buoyant and hydrodynamic) acting on unilateral upper limb amputee swimmers and their influence on whole-body roll, shoulder roll and hip roll during front crawl.METHODSTen Para swimmers with unilateral at-elbow amputation completed front crawl trials at sprinting speed. Three-dimensional motion analysis provided shoulder roll and hip roll angle-time histories. Swimmer's centre of mass (CM), centre of buoyancy (CB) and whole-body angular momentum (H) were determined relative to the body roll axis. Whole-body roll was calculated by dividing H by the moment of inertia at each time and integrating over the cycle. Buoyant torque was obtained from the cross product of the CM-CB position vector and the buoyant force vector. Net external torque was computed as the time derivative of H and hydrodynamic torque was then found by subtracting buoyant torque from net external torque.RESULTSShoulder roll amplitude, maximum buoyant torque and buoyant torque impulse were greater (p<.01) during recovery (over-water phase) of the non-impaired limb than during recovery of the impaired limb. No significant bilateral differences were found for whole-body roll, hip roll or trunk-twist amplitudes. Mean contributions of buoyant torque and hydrodynamic torque to whole-body roll over the full upper limb cycle were 48% and 52%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSSwimmers with unilateral forearm amputation experience an asymmetric buoyant torque, requiring them to sacrifice propulsive force to counterbalance the torque asymmetry and maintain symmetric whole-body roll.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003874
Bin Shen,Songlin Xiao,Xuekai Zong,Chuyi Zhang,Zhen Xu,Xin Liang,Junhong Zhou,Weijie Fu
OBJECTIVESThis study aims to understand the supraspinal regulation of balance control in chronic ankle instability (CAI) by characterizing the large-scale communication and interaction via brain functional network topology in CAI and establish the association between topological properties and dynamic balance performance.METHODSIn this cross-sectional design study, 40 CAI individuals and 39 healthy control (HC) individuals were enrolled. To assess the dynamic balance, the Y-balance test was utilised. To explore the topological structure of brain networks, graph theory was used to analyse resting-state functional MRI data.RESULTSThe CAI group had lower normalized reach distances in the Y-balance test than HC. Compared to HC, CAI exhibited remarkably lower nodal degree centrality (Dc) and higher nodal shortest path length (NLp) within the sensorimotor network (SMN), particularly in the precentral gyrus, temporal cortex, and pre-supplementary motor area of the right hemisphere. CAI showed reduced NLp and increased nodal efficiency in the posterior cingulate cortex of the left hemisphere, a hub region of the default mode subnetwork (DMN). In CAI, high Dc and low NLp in the precentral gyrus of the right hemisphere were substantially correlated to poor performance of the Y-balance test, but not in HC.CONCLUSIONSCAI individuals demonstrated diminished regional processing capability within the SMN and a potential compensatory increase in nodal efficiency within the DMN, which are critical to maintain safe balance in this cohort. These alterations in supraspinal networks could be an effective target for rehabilitation and management in CAI.
{"title":"Functional Adaptation of Brain Network Topology in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Graph-Theoretical Study.","authors":"Bin Shen,Songlin Xiao,Xuekai Zong,Chuyi Zhang,Zhen Xu,Xin Liang,Junhong Zhou,Weijie Fu","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003874","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVESThis study aims to understand the supraspinal regulation of balance control in chronic ankle instability (CAI) by characterizing the large-scale communication and interaction via brain functional network topology in CAI and establish the association between topological properties and dynamic balance performance.METHODSIn this cross-sectional design study, 40 CAI individuals and 39 healthy control (HC) individuals were enrolled. To assess the dynamic balance, the Y-balance test was utilised. To explore the topological structure of brain networks, graph theory was used to analyse resting-state functional MRI data.RESULTSThe CAI group had lower normalized reach distances in the Y-balance test than HC. Compared to HC, CAI exhibited remarkably lower nodal degree centrality (Dc) and higher nodal shortest path length (NLp) within the sensorimotor network (SMN), particularly in the precentral gyrus, temporal cortex, and pre-supplementary motor area of the right hemisphere. CAI showed reduced NLp and increased nodal efficiency in the posterior cingulate cortex of the left hemisphere, a hub region of the default mode subnetwork (DMN). In CAI, high Dc and low NLp in the precentral gyrus of the right hemisphere were substantially correlated to poor performance of the Y-balance test, but not in HC.CONCLUSIONSCAI individuals demonstrated diminished regional processing capability within the SMN and a potential compensatory increase in nodal efficiency within the DMN, which are critical to maintain safe balance in this cohort. These alterations in supraspinal networks could be an effective target for rehabilitation and management in CAI.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PURPOSETo investigate the acute effect of exercise, with and without cooperative activities, on emotion recognition in preadolescent children and its association with parasympathetic activity as well as prosocial behavior and inclusive thinking.METHODSUsing an experimental design, 100 participants (N = 44 male; age = 11.6 ± 0.6 y) were randomly assigned to a group performing 20 min exercise demanding cooperation (EX+CO), aerobic exercise without cooperation (EX), or a control group (CON) watching a video in a 1:1:1 ratio. Prior to and after the exercise bout or control condition, a computerized emotion recognition task was administered with simultaneous recording of heart rate variability via electrocardiography, reflecting parasympathetic activity. Additionally, prosocial behavior was measured by willingness to help an excluded classmate and inclusive thinking by a social grouping task.RESULTSANCOVA revealed a statistically significant group effect for emotion recognition accuracy (p < 0.05, η²p = .07), which indicated that EX had a greater post-test accuracy compared to EX+CO and CON, when adjusted for pre-test scores, age, and sex. Better behavioral performance at post-test was correlated with less inclusive thinking (r(73) = 0.20, p = 0.091), whereas no correlation with was found with parasympathetic activity during the emotion recognition task.CONCLUSIONSA short exercise session can temporarily enhance emotion recognition abilities, which are related to social behaviors essential for classroom dynamics. The exercise-induced benefit does not seem to be related to a parasympathetic withdrawal, but depends on the required level of cooperation.
{"title":"Acute Effect of Exercise with and Without Cooperative Activities on Emotion Recognition in Preadolescent Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Melanie Berger,Toru Ishihara,Keita Kamijo,Rainer Greifeneder,Markus Gerber,Sebastian Ludyga","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003878","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSETo investigate the acute effect of exercise, with and without cooperative activities, on emotion recognition in preadolescent children and its association with parasympathetic activity as well as prosocial behavior and inclusive thinking.METHODSUsing an experimental design, 100 participants (N = 44 male; age = 11.6 ± 0.6 y) were randomly assigned to a group performing 20 min exercise demanding cooperation (EX+CO), aerobic exercise without cooperation (EX), or a control group (CON) watching a video in a 1:1:1 ratio. Prior to and after the exercise bout or control condition, a computerized emotion recognition task was administered with simultaneous recording of heart rate variability via electrocardiography, reflecting parasympathetic activity. Additionally, prosocial behavior was measured by willingness to help an excluded classmate and inclusive thinking by a social grouping task.RESULTSANCOVA revealed a statistically significant group effect for emotion recognition accuracy (p < 0.05, η²p = .07), which indicated that EX had a greater post-test accuracy compared to EX+CO and CON, when adjusted for pre-test scores, age, and sex. Better behavioral performance at post-test was correlated with less inclusive thinking (r(73) = 0.20, p = 0.091), whereas no correlation with was found with parasympathetic activity during the emotion recognition task.CONCLUSIONSA short exercise session can temporarily enhance emotion recognition abilities, which are related to social behaviors essential for classroom dynamics. The exercise-induced benefit does not seem to be related to a parasympathetic withdrawal, but depends on the required level of cooperation.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"353 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003877
Ana Carla C Salamunes,Rebecca J Mallinson,Mary Jane De Souza,Emily A Ricker,Heather C M Allaway,Nancy I Williams
PURPOSETo determine the energetic and hormonal predictors of advanced menstrual recovery (≥2 consecutive menstrual cycles of <36 days) in the REFUEL study, a 12-month intervention of increased energy intake in exercising women with Oligo/Amenorrhea.METHODSParticipants (21.8±0.7 years; n=25) were categorized based on whether they experienced advanced menstrual recovery (REC) or not (non-REC). Potential recovery predictors were measured at baseline (BL) and at the time point preceding advanced menstrual recovery (PRE). For the non-REC group, PRE was the measurement preceding the last two menstrual cycles/28-day amenorrheic monitoring periods recorded during the intervention. Predictors included body composition, energy intake, energy availability, urinary estrone-1-glucuronide (E1G) and pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG), serum metabolic hormones, and resting metabolic rate variables. T-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests assessed group differences. Logistic regressions determined recovery predictors.RESULTSThe REC group had higher BL percent fat (25.7±1.0 vs. 21.8±1.0 %, p=0.006) and fat mass (14.7±0.7 vs. 11.6±0.7 kg, p=0.003), and fat mass (15.3±0.6 vs. 13.4±0.5 kg, p=0.019), IGF-1 (273.1±13.5 vs. 229.6±19.3 ng/mL, p=0.036), and leptin (7.5±1.3 vs. 4.6±0.7 ng/mL, p=0.033) at PRE than the non-REC group. E1G and PdG increased in the REC group (from 27.6±4.5 to 35.3±5.0 ng/mL, p=0.007; from 1.2±0.2 to 1.3±0.2 µg/mL, p<0.001). Predictors of menstrual recovery were the number of menstrual cycles experienced in the 12 months prior to the intervention, BL percent fat and fat mass, and fat mass and IGF-1 at PRE (p<0.05). Combining BL fat mass and previous 12-month menstrual frequency correctly classified 91.3% of women as REC or non-REC.CONCLUSIONSA higher fat mass and previous pattern (12-month) of frequency of menses may have an important role for advanced menstrual recovery to be achieved.
{"title":"Predictors of Advanced Menstrual Recovery in Exercising Women with Oligo/Amenorrhea: A Secondary Analysis of The REFUEL Study.","authors":"Ana Carla C Salamunes,Rebecca J Mallinson,Mary Jane De Souza,Emily A Ricker,Heather C M Allaway,Nancy I Williams","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003877","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSETo determine the energetic and hormonal predictors of advanced menstrual recovery (≥2 consecutive menstrual cycles of <36 days) in the REFUEL study, a 12-month intervention of increased energy intake in exercising women with Oligo/Amenorrhea.METHODSParticipants (21.8±0.7 years; n=25) were categorized based on whether they experienced advanced menstrual recovery (REC) or not (non-REC). Potential recovery predictors were measured at baseline (BL) and at the time point preceding advanced menstrual recovery (PRE). For the non-REC group, PRE was the measurement preceding the last two menstrual cycles/28-day amenorrheic monitoring periods recorded during the intervention. Predictors included body composition, energy intake, energy availability, urinary estrone-1-glucuronide (E1G) and pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG), serum metabolic hormones, and resting metabolic rate variables. T-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests assessed group differences. Logistic regressions determined recovery predictors.RESULTSThe REC group had higher BL percent fat (25.7±1.0 vs. 21.8±1.0 %, p=0.006) and fat mass (14.7±0.7 vs. 11.6±0.7 kg, p=0.003), and fat mass (15.3±0.6 vs. 13.4±0.5 kg, p=0.019), IGF-1 (273.1±13.5 vs. 229.6±19.3 ng/mL, p=0.036), and leptin (7.5±1.3 vs. 4.6±0.7 ng/mL, p=0.033) at PRE than the non-REC group. E1G and PdG increased in the REC group (from 27.6±4.5 to 35.3±5.0 ng/mL, p=0.007; from 1.2±0.2 to 1.3±0.2 µg/mL, p<0.001). Predictors of menstrual recovery were the number of menstrual cycles experienced in the 12 months prior to the intervention, BL percent fat and fat mass, and fat mass and IGF-1 at PRE (p<0.05). Combining BL fat mass and previous 12-month menstrual frequency correctly classified 91.3% of women as REC or non-REC.CONCLUSIONSA higher fat mass and previous pattern (12-month) of frequency of menses may have an important role for advanced menstrual recovery to be achieved.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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