Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000562959.80247.2C
Heng Li, Weimo Zhu
PURPOSE: The fitness and health of airline pilots are essential for the safety of billions of the people traveling on commercial airlines around the world every year. Yet, no effective intervention has been developed to improve pilots’ fitness using a simple and easy approach. Using a randomized controlled trial design, we examined the effectiveness of 1-yr. supervised FMS (functional movement system) based training. METHODS: 122 male, healthy college pilot trainees (20.1 ± 0.3 yr.) were randomly assigned to FMS training (n = 62) and regular physical education control (n = 60), 178.99 times, about 192 hours in total, during one year, and their height, weight and a set of fitness were measured before and after the study. RESULTS: Overall adherence to prescribed exercise sessions was 178.99±12.95 times or a 93±6% adherence rate, and there is no difference between groups. FMS scores in the training group increased by 29.7% (from pretest of 13.8 ± 1.44 to posttest of 17.9 ± 1.03), but only 5.1% improvement in the control group (from 13.7 ± 1.28 to 14.4 ± 1.06). Similar changes were observed in weight, BMI, hand-grip (HG), stand-long-jump (SLJ) and Sit-&-Reach (S&R), which are summarized in the table below (M±SD):
{"title":"Effectiveness of One-Year FMS Based Training on Physica Function and Fitness of College Pilot Trainees","authors":"Heng Li, Weimo Zhu","doi":"10.1249/01.MSS.0000562959.80247.2C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000562959.80247.2C","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: The fitness and health of airline pilots are essential for the safety of billions of the people traveling on commercial airlines around the world every year. Yet, no effective intervention has been developed to improve pilots’ fitness using a simple and easy approach. Using a randomized controlled trial design, we examined the effectiveness of 1-yr. supervised FMS (functional movement system) based training. METHODS: 122 male, healthy college pilot trainees (20.1 ± 0.3 yr.) were randomly assigned to FMS training (n = 62) and regular physical education control (n = 60), 178.99 times, about 192 hours in total, during one year, and their height, weight and a set of fitness were measured before and after the study. RESULTS: Overall adherence to prescribed exercise sessions was 178.99±12.95 times or a 93±6% adherence rate, and there is no difference between groups. FMS scores in the training group increased by 29.7% (from pretest of 13.8 ± 1.44 to posttest of 17.9 ± 1.03), but only 5.1% improvement in the control group (from 13.7 ± 1.28 to 14.4 ± 1.06). Similar changes were observed in weight, BMI, hand-grip (HG), stand-long-jump (SLJ) and Sit-&-Reach (S&R), which are summarized in the table below (M±SD):","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86611375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000562539.76567.32
V. Yingling, Kirstie Huynh, Karen Serrano Vides, Kimberly D. Espartero, Andrew T. Denys, R. Reichert, M. Alvarez, Priscilla Franson, Arianna M. Mazzarini
Muscular fitness has been associated with several health-related outcomes including bone health. However, evidence on this relationship considering sport participation is scarce. PURPOSE: To examine associations between several expressions of muscular fitness and bone speed of sound (SoS) in young people of both sexes according to current sport participation (ATHL-athletes engaged in formal competition vs. Non-ATHL non-athletes). METHODS: Participants were 184 boys (11.1-18.9 yrs old; 90 athletes) and 198 girls (12.2-18.8 yrs old; 45 athletes) at and above the age of peak height velocity (PHV). Bone SoS evaluation was conducted by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) at the distal radius (R-SoS) and midshaft tibia (T-SoS) of the non-dominant limbs. Muscular fitness included the handgrip strength (HG), the vertical jump (VJ), agility (shuttle-run 4x10m), and speed (20-m sprint test). All statistical analyzes were performed separately for boys and girls and adjusted for maturity (yrs from the age of PHV), body mass index (WHO z-BMI), and daily calcium intake. RESULTS: The ANCOVA revealed superior muscular fitness in athletes compared to non-athletes (p <0.05) in both sexes, with the exception of HG strength in which no differences were observed. There were no dissimilarities in bone SoS between the athletes and non-athletes, except for the tibia in which the male athletes showed lower SoS than the non-athletes (ATHL: 3743.78 ± 8.90m/s vs. Non-ATHL: 3775.33±8.71m/s, p=0.013). In both sexes, multiple linear regression showed a greater number of muscular fitness predictors of bone SoS in non-athletes than in athletes: in non-athletes, the HG strength associated with the T-SoS (β=5.36, p=0.002) and the speed with the R-SoS (β=-58.97, p=0.001) in girls and the VJ height (β=3.01, p=0.017) and speed (β=-71.69, p=0.022) associated both with the T-SoS in boys. In athletes, HG strength associated with R-SoS (β=1.99, p=0.049) in girls and the sprint associated with the T-SoS (β=-65.78, p=0.020) in boys. CONCLUSION: Despite higher values of muscular fitness, athletes did not reveal higher bone SoS than non-athletes and showed less associations between these variables. In young people, muscular fitness appeared to be a better marker of bone health in non-athletes compared to athletes. 2481 Board #145 May 31 11:00 AM 12:30 PM Relationship Of Physical Activity With Bone Parameters In Young Hispanic Girls Diego W. Blew, Vinson R. Lee, Robert M. Blew, Jennifer W. Bea, Victoria L. Bland, Scott B. Going. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. (No relationships reported) Increased levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are associated with enhanced bone mass/density development in non-Hispanic children, which may prevent osteoporosis later in life. This relationship has not been established in Hispanic females; as osteoporosis rates increase, an understanding of this relationship across populations is vital. PURPOSE: To determine the impact of MVPA on bone densit
{"title":"Lower Limb Peak Power and Cortical and Trabecular Bone Strength in the General Population","authors":"V. Yingling, Kirstie Huynh, Karen Serrano Vides, Kimberly D. Espartero, Andrew T. Denys, R. Reichert, M. Alvarez, Priscilla Franson, Arianna M. Mazzarini","doi":"10.1249/01.MSS.0000562539.76567.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000562539.76567.32","url":null,"abstract":"Muscular fitness has been associated with several health-related outcomes including bone health. However, evidence on this relationship considering sport participation is scarce. PURPOSE: To examine associations between several expressions of muscular fitness and bone speed of sound (SoS) in young people of both sexes according to current sport participation (ATHL-athletes engaged in formal competition vs. Non-ATHL non-athletes). METHODS: Participants were 184 boys (11.1-18.9 yrs old; 90 athletes) and 198 girls (12.2-18.8 yrs old; 45 athletes) at and above the age of peak height velocity (PHV). Bone SoS evaluation was conducted by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) at the distal radius (R-SoS) and midshaft tibia (T-SoS) of the non-dominant limbs. Muscular fitness included the handgrip strength (HG), the vertical jump (VJ), agility (shuttle-run 4x10m), and speed (20-m sprint test). All statistical analyzes were performed separately for boys and girls and adjusted for maturity (yrs from the age of PHV), body mass index (WHO z-BMI), and daily calcium intake. RESULTS: The ANCOVA revealed superior muscular fitness in athletes compared to non-athletes (p <0.05) in both sexes, with the exception of HG strength in which no differences were observed. There were no dissimilarities in bone SoS between the athletes and non-athletes, except for the tibia in which the male athletes showed lower SoS than the non-athletes (ATHL: 3743.78 ± 8.90m/s vs. Non-ATHL: 3775.33±8.71m/s, p=0.013). In both sexes, multiple linear regression showed a greater number of muscular fitness predictors of bone SoS in non-athletes than in athletes: in non-athletes, the HG strength associated with the T-SoS (β=5.36, p=0.002) and the speed with the R-SoS (β=-58.97, p=0.001) in girls and the VJ height (β=3.01, p=0.017) and speed (β=-71.69, p=0.022) associated both with the T-SoS in boys. In athletes, HG strength associated with R-SoS (β=1.99, p=0.049) in girls and the sprint associated with the T-SoS (β=-65.78, p=0.020) in boys. CONCLUSION: Despite higher values of muscular fitness, athletes did not reveal higher bone SoS than non-athletes and showed less associations between these variables. In young people, muscular fitness appeared to be a better marker of bone health in non-athletes compared to athletes. 2481 Board #145 May 31 11:00 AM 12:30 PM Relationship Of Physical Activity With Bone Parameters In Young Hispanic Girls Diego W. Blew, Vinson R. Lee, Robert M. Blew, Jennifer W. Bea, Victoria L. Bland, Scott B. Going. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. (No relationships reported) Increased levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are associated with enhanced bone mass/density development in non-Hispanic children, which may prevent osteoporosis later in life. This relationship has not been established in Hispanic females; as osteoporosis rates increase, an understanding of this relationship across populations is vital. PURPOSE: To determine the impact of MVPA on bone densit","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78646112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000561205.66853.A8
T. R. S. Paulo, Juliana Viezel, F. Rossi, I. F. F. Júnior
{"title":"Effects of Combined Training on the Body Composition In Breast Cancer Survivors: A 1-y Follow-up","authors":"T. R. S. Paulo, Juliana Viezel, F. Rossi, I. F. F. Júnior","doi":"10.1249/01.MSS.0000561205.66853.A8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000561205.66853.A8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79030123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000563079.77371.F7
P. Drid, Saša Krstulović, Marko Erceg, T. Trivic, M. Stojanović, S. Ostojić
RESULTS: All players gained weight (F: 86.1 ± 13.1 kg; S: 92.0 ± 12.8 kg, p = 0.033) by spring. The weight gain was associated with an increase in percentage body fat (F: 13.8 ± 4.6; S: 16.3 ± 4.4, p = 0.028). All players decreased total caloric intake in the spring (F: 5553 ± 1922 kcal; S: 3972 ± 1384 kcal, p = 0.0008). There were no differences in the macronutrient distribution (%kcal) at either time point (Fat: F: 37.3 ± 5.9%; S: 37.3 ± 9.1%; Carbohydrate F: 47.5 ± 6.8%, S: 46 ± 11.0% Protein F: 15.2 ± 3.8%; S:16.87± 4.5%). The player’s relative protein intake (g/kg) was lower in the off season (F: 2.60 ± 1.36; S: 1.87 ± 0.97; p = 0.036). Sodium and cholesterol consumption decreased from F to S but remained above the daily recommended intake for all players. There were no differences in total calories, macronutrient composition, relative protein intake, sodium or cholesterol between the skilled and unskilled players. A majority of the players meals were consumed at the college dining hall. CONCLUSION: Body weight and percent body fat increased from F to S with an associated increased caloric intake during the season. The players consumed large amounts of calories with a high percentage of fat during the season. All players decreased caloric intake in the off season. The change in body weight and body composition may increase health risks in the long run. It is important for players to make dietary choices to maximize performance and reduce long term health risks within the constraints of eating at the college dining hall.
{"title":"Rapid Weight Loss Negatively Affects Body Composition and Serum Creatinine in Elite Judokas","authors":"P. Drid, Saša Krstulović, Marko Erceg, T. Trivic, M. Stojanović, S. Ostojić","doi":"10.1249/01.MSS.0000563079.77371.F7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000563079.77371.F7","url":null,"abstract":"RESULTS: All players gained weight (F: 86.1 ± 13.1 kg; S: 92.0 ± 12.8 kg, p = 0.033) by spring. The weight gain was associated with an increase in percentage body fat (F: 13.8 ± 4.6; S: 16.3 ± 4.4, p = 0.028). All players decreased total caloric intake in the spring (F: 5553 ± 1922 kcal; S: 3972 ± 1384 kcal, p = 0.0008). There were no differences in the macronutrient distribution (%kcal) at either time point (Fat: F: 37.3 ± 5.9%; S: 37.3 ± 9.1%; Carbohydrate F: 47.5 ± 6.8%, S: 46 ± 11.0% Protein F: 15.2 ± 3.8%; S:16.87± 4.5%). The player’s relative protein intake (g/kg) was lower in the off season (F: 2.60 ± 1.36; S: 1.87 ± 0.97; p = 0.036). Sodium and cholesterol consumption decreased from F to S but remained above the daily recommended intake for all players. There were no differences in total calories, macronutrient composition, relative protein intake, sodium or cholesterol between the skilled and unskilled players. A majority of the players meals were consumed at the college dining hall. CONCLUSION: Body weight and percent body fat increased from F to S with an associated increased caloric intake during the season. The players consumed large amounts of calories with a high percentage of fat during the season. All players decreased caloric intake in the off season. The change in body weight and body composition may increase health risks in the long run. It is important for players to make dietary choices to maximize performance and reduce long term health risks within the constraints of eating at the college dining hall.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85894428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000561286.11277.F5
Jennifer L. Hunnicutt, Michelle M. McLeod, H. Slone, C. Gregory
{"title":"Spatiotemporal Variables During Self-selected And Fastest-comfortable Walking Speeds In Individuals Following Acl Reconstruction","authors":"Jennifer L. Hunnicutt, Michelle M. McLeod, H. Slone, C. Gregory","doi":"10.1249/01.MSS.0000561286.11277.F5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000561286.11277.F5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83944318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000563081.62124.5C
D. N. Poel, J. C. Dorman, Elizabeth H. Kasparek, T. Munce
{"title":"The Effect of Feedback on Pre-Game Hydration Status of Division II Collegiate Basketball Players.","authors":"D. N. Poel, J. C. Dorman, Elizabeth H. Kasparek, T. Munce","doi":"10.1249/01.MSS.0000563081.62124.5C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000563081.62124.5C","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77120576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000562730.14205.7F
A. O. Ali
{"title":"Knowledge about Sports Injuries, Their Risk Factors and Prevention Among University Football players, 2018","authors":"A. O. Ali","doi":"10.1249/01.MSS.0000562730.14205.7F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000562730.14205.7F","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79539576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000562834.92404.30
R. Escamilla
PURPOSE: To assess if a glenohumeral-internal-rotation-(IR)-Loss (GIRLoss), a glenohumeral-external-rotation-(ER)-gain (GERGain) or a total-rotational-motion-(TRM)-deficit (TRMD) predict medial ulnar-collateral-ligament (MUCL) injury-risk among high-school (HS), college (COLL), and professional (PRO) baseball-pitchers with-and-without-MUCL-injury. It was hypothesized that pitchers with MUCL injury would have ˃GIRLoss and TRMD compared to pitchers without MUCL injury, with no differences in IR, ER, TRM, GIRLoss, GERGain, and TRMD. METHODS: Two-hundred-sixteen-male HS, COLL, and PRO pitchers were equally divided into MUCL-injury-group (n=108) and control-group (n=108) without MUCL injury. Controlgroup was matched with the MUCL-injury-group according to number, level &age. Bilateral shoulder passive IR/ER were measured and GIRLoss, GERGain, TRM, and TRMD calculated. A two-way-analysis-of-variance (p<0.05) was employed to assess shoulder-rotational-differences among the two-groups and three-pitching-levels. RESULTS: Compared to control-group, MUCL-injured-group had ˃GIRLoss (21°±14°-versus-13°±8°;p<0.001), GERGain (14°±9°-versus-10°±9°;p=0.004), and TRMD (7°±13°-versus3°±9°;p=0.008). For all pitching levels ~60% of subjects in MUCL-injury-group had GIRLoss>18°, compared to ~30% of subjects in control-group. ~60% of subjects in MUCL-injury-group had TRMD >5°, compared to 50% of subjects in control group. No differences were observed among HS, COLL, and PRO pitchers for GIRLoss (16°±12°,17°±11°,19°±13°, respectively; p=0.131), GERGain (11°±9°,11°±10°,13°±10°, respectively; p=0.171), TRMD (5°±11°,6°±11°,5°±14°,respectively; p=0.711), throwing shoulder ER (111°±10°,111°±11°,113°±9°,respectively; p=0.427), throwing shoulder IR (50°±11°,49°±11°,48°±10°, respectively; p=0.121),& throwing shoulder TRM (162°±14°,160°±15°,161°±14°,respectively;p=0.770). CONCLUSIONS: Greater GIRLoss, GERGain, and TRMD in MUCL-injured-pitchers compared to uninjured-pitchers implies these variables may be related to increased-MUCL-injury-risk, especially since GIRLoss>18° and TRMD>5° demonstrate an increased MUCL injury risk. Shoulder rotational motion and deficits do not vary among HS, COLL, and PRO levels of pitchers.
{"title":"Glenohumeral-Rotation-Deficits In High School, College, And Professional Baseball Pitchers With And Without An Mucl Injury","authors":"R. Escamilla","doi":"10.1249/01.MSS.0000562834.92404.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000562834.92404.30","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To assess if a glenohumeral-internal-rotation-(IR)-Loss (GIRLoss), a glenohumeral-external-rotation-(ER)-gain (GERGain) or a total-rotational-motion-(TRM)-deficit (TRMD) predict medial ulnar-collateral-ligament (MUCL) injury-risk among high-school (HS), college (COLL), and professional (PRO) baseball-pitchers with-and-without-MUCL-injury. It was hypothesized that pitchers with MUCL injury would have ˃GIRLoss and TRMD compared to pitchers without MUCL injury, with no differences in IR, ER, TRM, GIRLoss, GERGain, and TRMD. METHODS: Two-hundred-sixteen-male HS, COLL, and PRO pitchers were equally divided into MUCL-injury-group (n=108) and control-group (n=108) without MUCL injury. Controlgroup was matched with the MUCL-injury-group according to number, level &age. Bilateral shoulder passive IR/ER were measured and GIRLoss, GERGain, TRM, and TRMD calculated. A two-way-analysis-of-variance (p<0.05) was employed to assess shoulder-rotational-differences among the two-groups and three-pitching-levels. RESULTS: Compared to control-group, MUCL-injured-group had ˃GIRLoss (21°±14°-versus-13°±8°;p<0.001), GERGain (14°±9°-versus-10°±9°;p=0.004), and TRMD (7°±13°-versus3°±9°;p=0.008). For all pitching levels ~60% of subjects in MUCL-injury-group had GIRLoss>18°, compared to ~30% of subjects in control-group. ~60% of subjects in MUCL-injury-group had TRMD >5°, compared to 50% of subjects in control group. No differences were observed among HS, COLL, and PRO pitchers for GIRLoss (16°±12°,17°±11°,19°±13°, respectively; p=0.131), GERGain (11°±9°,11°±10°,13°±10°, respectively; p=0.171), TRMD (5°±11°,6°±11°,5°±14°,respectively; p=0.711), throwing shoulder ER (111°±10°,111°±11°,113°±9°,respectively; p=0.427), throwing shoulder IR (50°±11°,49°±11°,48°±10°, respectively; p=0.121),& throwing shoulder TRM (162°±14°,160°±15°,161°±14°,respectively;p=0.770). CONCLUSIONS: Greater GIRLoss, GERGain, and TRMD in MUCL-injured-pitchers compared to uninjured-pitchers implies these variables may be related to increased-MUCL-injury-risk, especially since GIRLoss>18° and TRMD>5° demonstrate an increased MUCL injury risk. Shoulder rotational motion and deficits do not vary among HS, COLL, and PRO levels of pitchers.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"698 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74747875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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