Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000678136.19808.95
S. Neri, R. Lima, A. B. Gadelha, B. Vainshelboim
RESULTS: Six healthy males completed this study (age: 26 ± 3 years, V O2max: 56 ± 9 mL∙ kg ∙ min). V E was matched well between EX and HYP (EX-30%: 53 ± 10 vs. HYP-30%: 56 ± 14; EX-60%: 86 ± 14 vs. HYP-60%: 87 ± 18; EX-90%: 159 ± 31 vs. HYP-90%: 142 ± 40 L∙ min , all p > 0.05). BFI-VL increased from 0.15 ± 0.09 μM·second at rest to 2.57 ± 1.10 μM·second 1 during the EX-30% trial and 0.44 ± 0.23 μM·second during the HYP-30% trial and did not significantly increase thereafter in either condition. No interaction effect was observed between condition and intensity, however, BFI-VL was significantly greater in the EX trials compared to the HYP trials (p < 0.05). BFI-SCM increased slightly from 0.87 ± 0.48 μM·second to 1.01 ± 0.54 and 1.67 ± 1.54 μM·second in the EX-30% and HYP-30% trials respectively. We observed no effects of condition or intensity when measuring BFI-SCM (p > 0.05). At rest BFI-7IC was 0.84±0.59 μM·second and in the EX-30% and HYP-30% trials increased to 1.20 ± 0.75 and 1.26 ± 0.60 μM·second, respectively. No differences in BFI-7IC were observed between condition or intensity (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Previous studies have shown that during heavy whole-body exercise there exists a competition for blood flow between the locomotor and respiratory muscles during heavy, whole-body exercise. In this study, BFI-SCM was similar between exercise and hyperpnea mimicking trials across a range of ventilations, suggesting blood flow to accessory respiratory muscles is preserved during exercise. Funding: NSERC
{"title":"Poor Handgrip Strength And Risk Of Falls In Older Women","authors":"S. Neri, R. Lima, A. B. Gadelha, B. Vainshelboim","doi":"10.1249/01.mss.0000678136.19808.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000678136.19808.95","url":null,"abstract":"RESULTS: Six healthy males completed this study (age: 26 ± 3 years, V O2max: 56 ± 9 mL∙ kg ∙ min). V E was matched well between EX and HYP (EX-30%: 53 ± 10 vs. HYP-30%: 56 ± 14; EX-60%: 86 ± 14 vs. HYP-60%: 87 ± 18; EX-90%: 159 ± 31 vs. HYP-90%: 142 ± 40 L∙ min , all p > 0.05). BFI-VL increased from 0.15 ± 0.09 μM·second at rest to 2.57 ± 1.10 μM·second 1 during the EX-30% trial and 0.44 ± 0.23 μM·second during the HYP-30% trial and did not significantly increase thereafter in either condition. No interaction effect was observed between condition and intensity, however, BFI-VL was significantly greater in the EX trials compared to the HYP trials (p < 0.05). BFI-SCM increased slightly from 0.87 ± 0.48 μM·second to 1.01 ± 0.54 and 1.67 ± 1.54 μM·second in the EX-30% and HYP-30% trials respectively. We observed no effects of condition or intensity when measuring BFI-SCM (p > 0.05). At rest BFI-7IC was 0.84±0.59 μM·second and in the EX-30% and HYP-30% trials increased to 1.20 ± 0.75 and 1.26 ± 0.60 μM·second, respectively. No differences in BFI-7IC were observed between condition or intensity (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Previous studies have shown that during heavy whole-body exercise there exists a competition for blood flow between the locomotor and respiratory muscles during heavy, whole-body exercise. In this study, BFI-SCM was similar between exercise and hyperpnea mimicking trials across a range of ventilations, suggesting blood flow to accessory respiratory muscles is preserved during exercise. Funding: NSERC","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"2011 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73590984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000678884.52960.d2
Joana M Correia
{"title":"Effects Of Intermittent Fasting On Exercise Performance And Body Composition: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis","authors":"Joana M Correia","doi":"10.1249/01.mss.0000678884.52960.d2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000678884.52960.d2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77561253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000685416.28401.83
Wesley S Haynie, Kyle L. Rankin, M. Rosa-Caldwell, Ka Bejarano, Seongkyun Lim, N. Greene, T. Washington
Delayed aging in various tissues has been observed for Snell dwarf mice (Pit1) yet muscular performance has not been characterized for this model. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to characterize muscle mass and performance for 3 months old and 12 months old Snell dwarf mice in non-trained and resistance-type trained states. METHODS: Muscles of Snell dwarf mice and their wild-type littermates were exposed to 1 month of stretch-shortening contraction training. RESULTS: For non-trained muscles at both ages, muscles of Snell dwarf mice exhibited 70% less mass and 85% less isometric force relative to those of control mice. At young age, training 3 days per week had no effect regardless of mouse strain. With aging, 3 days per week training decreased muscle mass and isometric force by 12% and 25%, respectively, for control mice while no such decreases were observed for Snell dwarf mice. For control mice, training 2 days per week increased isometric force by 20% at young age with no training-induced decrements with aging. CONCLUSIONS: While Snell dwarf mice exhibit a trade-off between longevity and muscular performance, the Pit1 mutation counters age-related maladaptation to training. For wild-type muscle, modulation of frequency is a means for offsetting the maladaptive training response.
{"title":"Leucine Supplementation Exacerbates Atrophy In Cancer Cachectic Mice","authors":"Wesley S Haynie, Kyle L. Rankin, M. Rosa-Caldwell, Ka Bejarano, Seongkyun Lim, N. Greene, T. Washington","doi":"10.1249/01.mss.0000685416.28401.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000685416.28401.83","url":null,"abstract":"Delayed aging in various tissues has been observed for Snell dwarf mice (Pit1) yet muscular performance has not been characterized for this model. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to characterize muscle mass and performance for 3 months old and 12 months old Snell dwarf mice in non-trained and resistance-type trained states. METHODS: Muscles of Snell dwarf mice and their wild-type littermates were exposed to 1 month of stretch-shortening contraction training. RESULTS: For non-trained muscles at both ages, muscles of Snell dwarf mice exhibited 70% less mass and 85% less isometric force relative to those of control mice. At young age, training 3 days per week had no effect regardless of mouse strain. With aging, 3 days per week training decreased muscle mass and isometric force by 12% and 25%, respectively, for control mice while no such decreases were observed for Snell dwarf mice. For control mice, training 2 days per week increased isometric force by 20% at young age with no training-induced decrements with aging. CONCLUSIONS: While Snell dwarf mice exhibit a trade-off between longevity and muscular performance, the Pit1 mutation counters age-related maladaptation to training. For wild-type muscle, modulation of frequency is a means for offsetting the maladaptive training response.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84991759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000686880.92891.50
Charles Shaner, Mike Gentry, A. Caterisano, Michael J. Caterisano
{"title":"Predicting Success In NCAA Division I Football Linemen Based On Physical Performance Test Results","authors":"Charles Shaner, Mike Gentry, A. Caterisano, Michael J. Caterisano","doi":"10.1249/01.mss.0000686880.92891.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000686880.92891.50","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76709533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000679140.11399.f2
T. Sookan, Talia Pillay, A. Vaizie, Shreyen Moodley, K. Naidoo
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes And Perceptions Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And The Role Of Exercise Interventions","authors":"T. Sookan, Talia Pillay, A. Vaizie, Shreyen Moodley, K. Naidoo","doi":"10.1249/01.mss.0000679140.11399.f2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000679140.11399.f2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76440882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-01DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000678880.36821.5d
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Lee M. Margolis, S. Pasiakos
{"title":"Effects Of Exogenous Testosterone Administration On Lean Body Mass And Physical Performance: A Meta-analysis","authors":"Alyssa N. Varanoske, Lee M. Margolis, S. Pasiakos","doi":"10.1249/01.mss.0000678880.36821.5d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000678880.36821.5d","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85066779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-27DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002208
H. Davis-Wilson, S. Pfeiffer, Christopher D. Johnston, MATTHEW K. Seeley, M. Harkey, J. T. Blackburn, Ryan P. Fockler, J. Spang, B. Pietrosimone
PURPOSE To compare gait biomechanics throughout stance phase 6 and 12 months following unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between ACLR and contralateral limbs and compared to controls. METHODS Vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), knee flexion angle (KFA), and internal knee extension moment (KEM) were collected bilaterally 6 and 12 months post-ACLR in 30 individuals (50% female, 22±3 years, body mass index [BMI]=23.8±2.2kg/m) and at a single time point in 30 matched uninjured controls (50% female, 22±4 years, BMI=23.6±2.1kg/m). Functional analyses of variance were used to evaluate the effects of limb (ACLR, contralateral, and control) and time (6 and 12 months) on biomechanical outcomes throughout stance. RESULTS Compared to the uninjured controls, the ACLR group demonstrated bilaterally lesser vGRF (ACLR=9%BW, contralateral=4%BW) during early stance and greater vGRF during mid-stance (ACLR=5%BW, contralateral=4%BW) 6 months post-ACLR. Compared to the uninjured controls, the ACLR group demonstrated bilaterally lesser vGRF (ACLR=10%BW, contralateral=8%BW) during early stance and greater vGRF during mid-stance (ACLR=5%BW, contralateral=5%BW) 12 months post-ACLR. Compared to controls, the ACLR limb demonstrated lesser KFA during early stance at 6 (2.3°) and 12 months post-ACLR (2.0°), and the contralateral limb demonstrated lesser KFA during early stance at 12 months post-ACLR (2.8°). Compared to controls, the ACLR limb demonstrated lesser KEM during early stance at both 6 (0.011BW*height) and 12 months (0.007BW*height) post-ACLR, and the contralateral limb demonstrated lesser KEM during early stance only at 12 months (0.006BW*height). CONCLUSION Walking biomechanics are altered bilaterally following ACLR. During the first 12 months post-ACLR, both the ACLR and contralateral limbs demonstrate biomechanical differences compared to control limbs. Differences between the contralateral and control limbs increase from 6 to 12 months post-ACLR. Key Terms: Vertical ground reaction force, knee flexion angle, knee extension moment, walking biomechanics, anterior cruciate ligament.
{"title":"Bilateral Gait Six and Twelve Months Post-ACL Reconstruction Compared to Controls.","authors":"H. Davis-Wilson, S. Pfeiffer, Christopher D. Johnston, MATTHEW K. Seeley, M. Harkey, J. T. Blackburn, Ryan P. Fockler, J. Spang, B. Pietrosimone","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000002208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002208","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE\u0000To compare gait biomechanics throughout stance phase 6 and 12 months following unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between ACLR and contralateral limbs and compared to controls.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), knee flexion angle (KFA), and internal knee extension moment (KEM) were collected bilaterally 6 and 12 months post-ACLR in 30 individuals (50% female, 22±3 years, body mass index [BMI]=23.8±2.2kg/m) and at a single time point in 30 matched uninjured controls (50% female, 22±4 years, BMI=23.6±2.1kg/m). Functional analyses of variance were used to evaluate the effects of limb (ACLR, contralateral, and control) and time (6 and 12 months) on biomechanical outcomes throughout stance.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Compared to the uninjured controls, the ACLR group demonstrated bilaterally lesser vGRF (ACLR=9%BW, contralateral=4%BW) during early stance and greater vGRF during mid-stance (ACLR=5%BW, contralateral=4%BW) 6 months post-ACLR. Compared to the uninjured controls, the ACLR group demonstrated bilaterally lesser vGRF (ACLR=10%BW, contralateral=8%BW) during early stance and greater vGRF during mid-stance (ACLR=5%BW, contralateral=5%BW) 12 months post-ACLR. Compared to controls, the ACLR limb demonstrated lesser KFA during early stance at 6 (2.3°) and 12 months post-ACLR (2.0°), and the contralateral limb demonstrated lesser KFA during early stance at 12 months post-ACLR (2.8°). Compared to controls, the ACLR limb demonstrated lesser KEM during early stance at both 6 (0.011BW*height) and 12 months (0.007BW*height) post-ACLR, and the contralateral limb demonstrated lesser KEM during early stance only at 12 months (0.006BW*height).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Walking biomechanics are altered bilaterally following ACLR. During the first 12 months post-ACLR, both the ACLR and contralateral limbs demonstrate biomechanical differences compared to control limbs. Differences between the contralateral and control limbs increase from 6 to 12 months post-ACLR. Key Terms: Vertical ground reaction force, knee flexion angle, knee extension moment, walking biomechanics, anterior cruciate ligament.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80808593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000562279.73038.EC
M. Turner, D. Hernandez, C. Emerson, W. Cade, J. Reynolds, T. Best
PURPOSE: To determine whether resistance training effects pain and quality of life in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA), and whether or not a dose-response relationship exists. Secondly, we will investigate if the effects of resistance training are influenced by KL grade or location of OA (tibiofemoral and/or patellofemoral). METHODS: A systematic literature search of three electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBase) was performed for English studies to identify RTCs comparing resistance interventions with no intervention or education in knee OA and reporting changes in pain and physical function. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were assessed independently by two reviewers for methodological quality using the CONSORT 2010 scale and bias assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias. RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty-nine studies were found in the initial search. Fourteen were included for analysis after screening. Thirteen trials were rated with high methodological quality based on the CONSORT scoring system. One study was excluded due to poor CONSORT score (9). Thirteen eligible trials with 1,521 participants were therefore included in the subsequent analysis. The average CONSORT quality score was 20.3 (range 17 to 24.5). Evidence from eleven studies revealed resistance training significantly improved pain and/ or quality of life. No trends were identified with maximum strength, and frequency of exercise sets or repetitions, and thus trends between strength training outcomes and location or KL grade of knee OA were unable to be evaluated. CONCLUSION: This systematic review suggests that resistance training improves pain and quality of life for patients with knee OA, but specific optimal dosing strategies remain unknown. Further high quality prospective studies with homogenous populations and interventions aimed to investigate precise dosing parameters are needed.
{"title":"The Role of Resistance Training Dosing on Pain and Quality of Life in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review","authors":"M. Turner, D. Hernandez, C. Emerson, W. Cade, J. Reynolds, T. Best","doi":"10.1249/01.MSS.0000562279.73038.EC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000562279.73038.EC","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE: To determine whether resistance training effects pain and quality of life in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA), and whether or not a dose-response relationship exists. Secondly, we will investigate if the effects of resistance training are influenced by KL grade or location of OA (tibiofemoral and/or patellofemoral). METHODS: A systematic literature search of three electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBase) was performed for English studies to identify RTCs comparing resistance interventions with no intervention or education in knee OA and reporting changes in pain and physical function. Articles meeting inclusion criteria were assessed independently by two reviewers for methodological quality using the CONSORT 2010 scale and bias assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias. RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty-nine studies were found in the initial search. Fourteen were included for analysis after screening. Thirteen trials were rated with high methodological quality based on the CONSORT scoring system. One study was excluded due to poor CONSORT score (9). Thirteen eligible trials with 1,521 participants were therefore included in the subsequent analysis. The average CONSORT quality score was 20.3 (range 17 to 24.5). Evidence from eleven studies revealed resistance training significantly improved pain and/ or quality of life. No trends were identified with maximum strength, and frequency of exercise sets or repetitions, and thus trends between strength training outcomes and location or KL grade of knee OA were unable to be evaluated. CONCLUSION: This systematic review suggests that resistance training improves pain and quality of life for patients with knee OA, but specific optimal dosing strategies remain unknown. Further high quality prospective studies with homogenous populations and interventions aimed to investigate precise dosing parameters are needed.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73236333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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