Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003849
Heather J Leach,Matthew Bolt,Ethan W Clark,Sara E Hull,Jennifer R Diamond,Kate Lyden,Rebecca L Scalzo
Endocrine therapies for breast cancer (BC) (i.e., selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or aromatase inhibitors (AI)) lower the risk for cancer recurrence but are linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study examined associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior (SB) with T2D risk markers, and whether the magnitude of these associations varied between SERM and AI.Methods: Cross-sectional study. Participants were BC survivors receiving either SERM or AI for ≥1-year. A graded exercise test determined CRF [peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak)]. Participants wore an accelerometer for 14 days to assess time in SB, light PA, moderate to vigorous PA, and number of sit-to-stand transitions. T2D risk was measured by an oral glucose tolerance test to determine fasting glucose, glucose area under the curve (AUC), insulin sensitivity (Matsuda Index), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Regression models estimated associations between CRF/activity behaviors and markers of T2D by endocrine therapy type adjusting for age, fat mass [measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan], time receiving therapy, and amount of moderate or vigorous PA.Results: Participants [SERM (n = 19) or AI (n = 20)] were M = 54 ± 12 years old and had received therapy for M = 3.2 ± 2.8 years. Sit-to-stand transitions were associated with lower glucose tolerance (-221.52, 95% CI [-442.44, -0.59], p = 0.049), higher insulin sensitivity (0.45, 95% CI [0.25, 0.66], p < .001), and lower insulin resistance (-0.06, 95% CI [-0.13, 0], p = 0.047) but only for those on SERMs.Conclusions: Breaking up sedentary time may be a promising intervention target to lowering T2D risk among BC survivors treated with SERMs. Further studies are needed to better understand how SERMS and AI are differentially influencing glucoregulatory pathways.
乳腺癌（BC）的内分泌治疗（即选择性雌激素受体调节剂（SERMs）或芳香化酶抑制剂（AI））降低了癌症复发的风险，但与2型糖尿病（T2D）的风险增加有关。本研究考察了心肺适能（CRF）、身体活动（PA）和久坐行为（SB）与T2D风险标志物之间的关联，以及这些关联的程度在SERM和AI之间是否存在差异。方法：横断面研究。参与者为接受SERM或AI治疗≥1年的BC幸存者。分级运动试验测定CRF[峰值耗氧量（vo2峰值）]。参与者佩戴了一个加速度计14天，以评估SB、轻度PA、中度到剧烈PA的时间，以及从坐到站的转换次数。通过口服葡萄糖耐量试验测定空腹血糖、葡萄糖曲线下面积（AUC）、胰岛素敏感性（Matsuda指数）和胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）来测量T2D风险。回归模型估计了CRF/活动行为与T2D标志物之间的关联，通过调节年龄的内分泌治疗类型、脂肪量[使用双能x线吸收仪（DEXA）扫描测量]、接受治疗的时间以及中度或剧烈PA的量。结果：参与者[SERM （n = 19）或AI (n = 20)]年龄M = 54±12岁，接受治疗M = 3.2±2.8年。坐立转换与较低的葡萄糖耐量（-221.52,95% CI [-442.44, -0.59], p = 0.049）、较高的胰岛素敏感性（0.45,95% CI [0.25, 0.66], p < .001）和较低的胰岛素抵抗（-0.06,95% CI [-0.13, 0], p = 0.047）相关，但仅适用于serm患者。结论：减少久坐时间可能是降低接受serm治疗的BC幸存者T2D风险的一个有希望的干预目标。需要进一步的研究来更好地了解SERMS和AI如何不同地影响血糖调节途径。
{"title":"Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Diabetes Risk Among Breast Cancer Survivors Treated with Endocrine Therapies.","authors":"Heather J Leach,Matthew Bolt,Ethan W Clark,Sara E Hull,Jennifer R Diamond,Kate Lyden,Rebecca L Scalzo","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003849","url":null,"abstract":"Endocrine therapies for breast cancer (BC) (i.e., selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or aromatase inhibitors (AI)) lower the risk for cancer recurrence but are linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study examined associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior (SB) with T2D risk markers, and whether the magnitude of these associations varied between SERM and AI.Methods: Cross-sectional study. Participants were BC survivors receiving either SERM or AI for ≥1-year. A graded exercise test determined CRF [peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak)]. Participants wore an accelerometer for 14 days to assess time in SB, light PA, moderate to vigorous PA, and number of sit-to-stand transitions. T2D risk was measured by an oral glucose tolerance test to determine fasting glucose, glucose area under the curve (AUC), insulin sensitivity (Matsuda Index), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Regression models estimated associations between CRF/activity behaviors and markers of T2D by endocrine therapy type adjusting for age, fat mass [measured using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan], time receiving therapy, and amount of moderate or vigorous PA.Results: Participants [SERM (n = 19) or AI (n = 20)] were M = 54 ± 12 years old and had received therapy for M = 3.2 ± 2.8 years. Sit-to-stand transitions were associated with lower glucose tolerance (-221.52, 95% CI [-442.44, -0.59], p = 0.049), higher insulin sensitivity (0.45, 95% CI [0.25, 0.66], p < .001), and lower insulin resistance (-0.06, 95% CI [-0.13, 0], p = 0.047) but only for those on SERMs.Conclusions: Breaking up sedentary time may be a promising intervention target to lowering T2D risk among BC survivors treated with SERMs. Further studies are needed to better understand how SERMS and AI are differentially influencing glucoregulatory pathways.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144960209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-29DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003840
Michele Zanini,Jonathan P Folland,Richard C Blagrove
INTRODUCTIONRunning economy (RE) deteriorates during prolonged running (i.e. RE durability), although it is unknown if runners' training characteristics influence RE durability. Furthermore, the extent of the decrement in neuromuscular capabilities after running could also contribute to differences in RE durability. Therefore, this study aimed to compare RE durability during a 90 min run and the decrements in neuromuscular capabilities, between athletes that did, or did not, practice regular long runs, whilst pair-matched for performance status.METHODSTwo groups of 13 male runners were recruited as long (LDT; regular long runs ≥90 min) or short distance training runners (SDT; all runs <70 min) and matched for 10 km performance (39:10 vs 39:00 min:s; maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) 56.6 vs 58.9 ml·kg-1·min-1). Participants completed preliminary assessments to determine lactate threshold (LT) and V̇O2max, then on a separate occasion, a 90 min run at LT. Respiratory gases were collected every 15 min, and isometric squat peak force and countermovement jump (CMJ) were assessed before and after the run.RESULTSChanges in RE occurred earlier and were larger for SDT than LDT, reaching +6.0% vs +3.1% at 90 min, respectively (p < 0.001). Isometric squat force (-19.4 vs -12.2%; p = 0.002) and CMJ mean power (-6.6 vs +2.2%; p = 0.011) decreased more in SDT than LDT runners, however these changes were not correlated with RE durability, whilst correlations were found between RE durability and the weekly longest run (r = -0.67; p < 0.001) and training volume (r = -0.48; p = 0.0038).CONCLUSIONSThis study is the first to demonstrate that the presence of long runs and higher training volumes positively affects RE durability and decrements in neuromuscular capability in performance-matched runners. These results provide important insights into how training characteristics may help explain differences in durability, although intervention studies are needed to confirm these cross-sectional findings.
在长时间的跑步过程中，跑步经济性（RE）会恶化（即RE耐久性），尽管尚不清楚跑步者的训练特征是否会影响RE耐久性。此外，跑步后神经肌肉能力下降的程度也可能导致RE耐久性的差异。因此，本研究旨在比较进行或不进行常规长跑的运动员在90分钟跑步期间的RE耐力和神经肌肉能力的下降，同时对表现状态进行配对。方法招募两组13名男性跑步者，分别为长距离（LDT，常规长跑≥90分钟）和短距离训练（SDT，所有跑步均<70分钟），并匹配10公里表现（39:10 vs 39:00 min:s；最大摄氧量（V * O2max） 56.6 vs 58.9 ml·kg-1·min-1）。参与者完成了初步评估以确定乳酸阈值（LT）和V (O2max)，然后在单独的情况下，以LT跑步90分钟。每15分钟收集一次呼吸气体，并在跑步前后评估等距深蹲峰值力和反动作跳跃（CMJ）。结果与LDT相比，SDT的RE变化发生得更早、更大，在90 min时分别达到+6.0%和+3.1% （p < 0.001）。SDT组的等距深蹲力（-19.4 vs -12.2%, p = 0.002）和CMJ平均功率（-6.6 vs +2.2%, p = 0.011）比LDT组下降得更多，但这些变化与可再生能源耐久性无关，而可再生能源耐久性与每周最长跑量（r = -0.67, p < 0.001）和训练量（r = -0.48, p = 0.0038）之间存在相关性。结论：本研究首次证明长跑和高训练量对成绩匹配的跑步者的再耐力和神经肌肉能力的下降有积极影响。这些结果为训练特征如何有助于解释耐力差异提供了重要的见解，尽管需要干预研究来证实这些横断面研究结果。
{"title":"Regular Long Runs and Higher Training Volumes are Associated with Better Running Economy Durability in Performance Matched Well-Trained Male Runners.","authors":"Michele Zanini,Jonathan P Folland,Richard C Blagrove","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003840","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONRunning economy (RE) deteriorates during prolonged running (i.e. RE durability), although it is unknown if runners' training characteristics influence RE durability. Furthermore, the extent of the decrement in neuromuscular capabilities after running could also contribute to differences in RE durability. Therefore, this study aimed to compare RE durability during a 90 min run and the decrements in neuromuscular capabilities, between athletes that did, or did not, practice regular long runs, whilst pair-matched for performance status.METHODSTwo groups of 13 male runners were recruited as long (LDT; regular long runs ≥90 min) or short distance training runners (SDT; all runs <70 min) and matched for 10 km performance (39:10 vs 39:00 min:s; maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) 56.6 vs 58.9 ml·kg-1·min-1). Participants completed preliminary assessments to determine lactate threshold (LT) and V̇O2max, then on a separate occasion, a 90 min run at LT. Respiratory gases were collected every 15 min, and isometric squat peak force and countermovement jump (CMJ) were assessed before and after the run.RESULTSChanges in RE occurred earlier and were larger for SDT than LDT, reaching +6.0% vs +3.1% at 90 min, respectively (p < 0.001). Isometric squat force (-19.4 vs -12.2%; p = 0.002) and CMJ mean power (-6.6 vs +2.2%; p = 0.011) decreased more in SDT than LDT runners, however these changes were not correlated with RE durability, whilst correlations were found between RE durability and the weekly longest run (r = -0.67; p < 0.001) and training volume (r = -0.48; p = 0.0038).CONCLUSIONSThis study is the first to demonstrate that the presence of long runs and higher training volumes positively affects RE durability and decrements in neuromuscular capability in performance-matched runners. These results provide important insights into how training characteristics may help explain differences in durability, although intervention studies are needed to confirm these cross-sectional findings.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003839
Derek P D Bornath,Seth F McCarthy,Jessica A L Tucker,Tamara R Cohen,Philip J Medeiros,Tom J Hazell
INTRODUCTIONExercise interventions are less effective in generating weight loss in females compared to males suggesting that the menstrual cycle may be important. Fluctuations in ovarian hormones are proposed to alter the appetite-regulatory response to exercise across the menstrual cycle and no study has assessed the response in all distinct hormonal phases.PURPOSETo compare post-exercise appetite-regulating parameters following a single bout of MICT across three distinct menstrual phases.METHODSThirteen females (24 ± 4 y; 24.8 ± 5.4 kg·m-2) completed 30 min of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) running in the follicular phase (FP), ovulatory phase (OP), and luteal phase (LP). Acylated ghrelin, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), plasma glucose, insulin, blood lactate, and appetite perceptions were measured pre-exercise, 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, and 120 min post-exercise. Energy intake was recorded for a 3-day period (day before, of, and after each session).RESULTSAcylated ghrelin was not different across phases (p = 0.672, ηp2 = 0.032) and only showed a main effect of time (p = 0.006, ηp2 = 0.757) increasing with time. Active GLP-1 was not different across phases (p = 0.735, ηp2 = 0.025) and had a main effect of time (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.569) decreasing with time. Appetite perceptions were not different across phases (p = 0.577, ηp2 = 0.045) and exhibited a main effect of time (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.786) increasing with time. There was no effect of phase for energy intake (p = 0.544, ηp2 = 0.065). Finally, there were no differences in plasma glucose, insulin, or blood lactate across phases (p > 0.421, ηp2 < 0.070).CONCLUSIONSThere were no divergent appetite responses following MICT running across three hormonally distinct phases (mid-FP, OP, mid-LP) of the menstrual cycle in young eumenorrheic females not using oral contraceptives.
{"title":"No Effect of Menstrual Phase on Appetite-Regulatory Parameters Following a Moderate-Intensity Exercise Session.","authors":"Derek P D Bornath,Seth F McCarthy,Jessica A L Tucker,Tamara R Cohen,Philip J Medeiros,Tom J Hazell","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003839","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONExercise interventions are less effective in generating weight loss in females compared to males suggesting that the menstrual cycle may be important. Fluctuations in ovarian hormones are proposed to alter the appetite-regulatory response to exercise across the menstrual cycle and no study has assessed the response in all distinct hormonal phases.PURPOSETo compare post-exercise appetite-regulating parameters following a single bout of MICT across three distinct menstrual phases.METHODSThirteen females (24 ± 4 y; 24.8 ± 5.4 kg·m-2) completed 30 min of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) running in the follicular phase (FP), ovulatory phase (OP), and luteal phase (LP). Acylated ghrelin, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), plasma glucose, insulin, blood lactate, and appetite perceptions were measured pre-exercise, 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, and 120 min post-exercise. Energy intake was recorded for a 3-day period (day before, of, and after each session).RESULTSAcylated ghrelin was not different across phases (p = 0.672, ηp2 = 0.032) and only showed a main effect of time (p = 0.006, ηp2 = 0.757) increasing with time. Active GLP-1 was not different across phases (p = 0.735, ηp2 = 0.025) and had a main effect of time (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.569) decreasing with time. Appetite perceptions were not different across phases (p = 0.577, ηp2 = 0.045) and exhibited a main effect of time (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.786) increasing with time. There was no effect of phase for energy intake (p = 0.544, ηp2 = 0.065). Finally, there were no differences in plasma glucose, insulin, or blood lactate across phases (p > 0.421, ηp2 < 0.070).CONCLUSIONSThere were no divergent appetite responses following MICT running across three hormonally distinct phases (mid-FP, OP, mid-LP) of the menstrual cycle in young eumenorrheic females not using oral contraceptives.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PURPOSECardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength are associated with cancer risk/mortality in adults. However, there is yet no evidence for pediatric tumors. This study investigated the association of CRF and muscle strength with several tumor-related phenotypes in an aggressive childhood malignancy, high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB).METHODSTwelve mice bearing orthotopic HR-NB were studied. CRF and muscle strength were assessed using treadmill and grip strength testing, respectively. The following tumor-related outcomes were studied: survival, clinical severity, tumor weight/volume, metastasis, and intratumor immune infiltrates. Additionally, tumor samples underwent quantitative proteomic analysis via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Spearman correlations (or logistic regression) were performed between CRF/muscle strength and the abovementioned variables. Proteins significantly correlated with CRF or muscle strength were mapped into protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database.RESULTSCRF was inversely correlated with clinical severity score (r = -0.657, p = 0.020). Of 6,840 identified tumor proteins, 76 correlated significantly with CRF (19 positively, 57 negatively), whereas 194 correlated with muscle strength (97 positively, 97 negatively). Proteins correlated with CRF were primarily involved in metabolic and structural pathways, including angiotensinogen and elastin. In turn, muscle strength-associated proteins were more abundant, and included keratin family proteins (e.g., keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14 and type II cytoskeletal 5), proteins involved in cell adhesion (e.g., desmoglein-1-alpha), and translational regulators (e.g., eukaryotic initiation factor 4A). Network analysis revealed significant enrichment in structural organization and cellular adhesion pathways.CONCLUSIONSBesides the association of CRF with clinical severity of the tumor, distinct novel tumor proteomic signatures associated with CRF and muscle strength were identified, highlighting potential mechanisms linking physical fitness with childhood cancer biology.
目的：心肺功能（CRF）和肌肉力量与成人癌症风险/死亡率相关。然而，目前还没有证据表明儿童肿瘤。本研究调查了侵袭性儿童恶性高风险神经母细胞瘤（HR-NB）中CRF和肌肉力量与几种肿瘤相关表型的关系。方法对12只原位HR-NB小鼠进行研究。CRF和肌肉力量分别通过跑步机和握力测试进行评估。研究了以下肿瘤相关结果：生存、临床严重程度、肿瘤重量/体积、转移和肿瘤内免疫浸润。此外，通过液相色谱-串联质谱法对肿瘤样本进行定量蛋白质组学分析。在CRF/肌力与上述变量之间进行Spearman相关性（或逻辑回归）。使用Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins （STRING）数据库，将与CRF或肌肉力量显著相关的蛋白质映射到蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络中。结果scrf与临床严重程度评分呈负相关（r = -0.657, p = 0.020）。在鉴定的6840种肿瘤蛋白中，76种与CRF显著相关（19种正相关，57种负相关），而194种与肌肉力量相关（97种正相关，97种负相关）。与CRF相关的蛋白主要参与代谢和结构途径，包括血管紧张素原和弹性蛋白。反过来，肌肉力量相关蛋白更丰富，包括角蛋白家族蛋白（如角蛋白，I型细胞骨架14和II型细胞骨架5），参与细胞粘附的蛋白（如粘粒蛋白-1- α）和翻译调节因子（如真核起始因子4A）。网络分析显示结构组织和细胞粘附途径显著富集。结论除了CRF与肿瘤的临床严重程度相关外，还发现了与CRF和肌肉力量相关的独特的新肿瘤蛋白质组学特征，突出了身体健康与儿童癌症生物学之间的潜在机制。
{"title":"Tumor Signatures of Physical Fitness: Insights from a Preclinical Model.","authors":"Alejandro Santos-Lozano,Abel Plaza-Florido,Pedro Carrera-Bastos,Inmaculada Pérez-Prieto,Alejandro Hernández-Belmonte,Fatemeh Kamalinejad,Beatriz G Gálvez,Juan A López,Jorge Lumbreras,Cecilia Rincón-Castanedo,Asunción Martín-Ruiz,Steven J Fleck,Alejandro López-Soto,Natalia Yanguas-Casás,Tomàs Pinós,Alejandro Lucia,Carmen Fiuza-Luces","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003836","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSECardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength are associated with cancer risk/mortality in adults. However, there is yet no evidence for pediatric tumors. This study investigated the association of CRF and muscle strength with several tumor-related phenotypes in an aggressive childhood malignancy, high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB).METHODSTwelve mice bearing orthotopic HR-NB were studied. CRF and muscle strength were assessed using treadmill and grip strength testing, respectively. The following tumor-related outcomes were studied: survival, clinical severity, tumor weight/volume, metastasis, and intratumor immune infiltrates. Additionally, tumor samples underwent quantitative proteomic analysis via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Spearman correlations (or logistic regression) were performed between CRF/muscle strength and the abovementioned variables. Proteins significantly correlated with CRF or muscle strength were mapped into protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database.RESULTSCRF was inversely correlated with clinical severity score (r = -0.657, p = 0.020). Of 6,840 identified tumor proteins, 76 correlated significantly with CRF (19 positively, 57 negatively), whereas 194 correlated with muscle strength (97 positively, 97 negatively). Proteins correlated with CRF were primarily involved in metabolic and structural pathways, including angiotensinogen and elastin. In turn, muscle strength-associated proteins were more abundant, and included keratin family proteins (e.g., keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14 and type II cytoskeletal 5), proteins involved in cell adhesion (e.g., desmoglein-1-alpha), and translational regulators (e.g., eukaryotic initiation factor 4A). Network analysis revealed significant enrichment in structural organization and cellular adhesion pathways.CONCLUSIONSBesides the association of CRF with clinical severity of the tumor, distinct novel tumor proteomic signatures associated with CRF and muscle strength were identified, highlighting potential mechanisms linking physical fitness with childhood cancer biology.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003837
Ryan N Montalvo,Branden L Nguyen,Vivian Doerr,Imtiaz M Dowllah,Christopher C Wendler,Dryden R Baumfalk,Jacob C Babuschak,Ryan W Krueger,Ashley J Smuder
PURPOSEDoxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent whose clinical use is limited due to cardiorespiratory muscle toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate sex differences in the severity of DOX myotoxicity and determine the effectiveness of preconditioning exercise to confer protection.METHODSAdult male and female Sprague Dawley rats remained sedentary (Sed) or performed two weeks of exercise preconditioning (5 days/week, 60 min/day, 30 m/min) (Ex). Twenty-four hours after the final exercise bout rats received saline (Sal) or DOX (20 mg/kg IP). Forty-eight hours later, cardiac and respiratory muscle function were assessed and tissues were collected.RESULTSExercise preconditioning increased exercise tolerance in both male and female Sal- and DOX-treated rats compared to their Sed counterpart (Male: Sed-DOX 26.89 ± 2.30 min vs. Ex-DOX 39.01 ± 2.76 min; Female: Sed-DOX 24.65 ± 1.81 min vs. Ex-DOX 45.14 ± 3.72 min). DOX reduced left ventricle fractional shortening (FS%) and maximal diaphragm muscle force production compared to Sal-treated rats in males and females, which were only prevented with exercise in female DOX-treated rats (FS% Male: Sed-DOX 35.57 ± 1.59% vs. Ex-DOX 35.12 ± 0.67%; Female: Sed-DOX 36.84 ± 1.11% vs. Ex-DOX 43.99 ± 2.56% and Force Male: Sed-DOX 17.93 ± 1.13 N/cm 2 vs. Ex-DOX 20.91 ± 1.01 N/cm 2 ; Female: Sed-DOX 19.71 ± 0.68 N/cm 2 vs. Ex-DOX 22.00 ± 1.47 N/cm 2 ). These effects were associated with sex-specific differences in circulating hormones, muscle DOX accumulation and gene expression.CONCLUSIONSCardiorespiratory muscle toxicity occurred following acute DOX exposure in male and female rats. Although, exercise preconditioning elicited a robust increase in cardiorespiratory endurance in both sexes, the beneficial effects of exercise on cardiac and diaphragm muscle function occurred exclusively in female rats.
目的阿霉素（DOX）是一种有效的化疗药物，但由于其对心肺肌肉的毒性，其临床应用受到限制。本研究的目的是评估DOX肌毒性严重程度的性别差异，并确定预适应运动赋予保护的有效性。方法成年雄性和雌性Sprague Dawley大鼠保持静止不动（Sed）或进行2周的运动预处理（5天/周，60分钟/天，30米/分钟）（Ex）。末次运动24小时后给予生理盐水（Sal）或DOX （20 mg/kg IP）。48小时后，评估心肌和呼吸肌功能并收集组织。结果与对照组相比，运动预处理提高了Sal-和dox -处理的雄性和雌性大鼠的运动耐量（雄性：Sed- dox 26.89±2.30分钟vs Ex-DOX 39.01±2.76分钟；雌性：Sed- dox 24.65±1.81分钟vs Ex-DOX 45.14±3.72分钟）。阿霉素降低左心室部分缩短(FS %)和最大隔膜肌肉力量生产相比Sal-treated老鼠在男性和女性中,女性DOX-treated只有阻止运动的老鼠(FS %男:Sed-DOX 35.57±1.59% vs Ex-DOX 35.12±0.67%;女:Sed-DOX 36.84±1.11%比Ex-DOX 43.99±2.56%,迫使男:Sed-DOX 17.93±1.13 N /厘米2与Ex-DOX 20.91±1.01 N /厘米2,女:Sed-DOX 19.71±0.68 N /厘米2与Ex-DOX 22.00±1.47 N /厘米2)。这些影响与循环激素、肌肉DOX积累和基因表达的性别特异性差异有关。结论雄性和雌性大鼠在急性DOX暴露后均出现心肺肌肉毒性。尽管运动预处理在两性中均能显著提高心肺耐力，但运动对心脏和膈肌功能的有益影响仅发生在雌性大鼠中。
{"title":"Sex Differences in Response to Acute Doxorubicin Cardiorespiratory Muscle Dysfunction and Preconditioning Exercise.","authors":"Ryan N Montalvo,Branden L Nguyen,Vivian Doerr,Imtiaz M Dowllah,Christopher C Wendler,Dryden R Baumfalk,Jacob C Babuschak,Ryan W Krueger,Ashley J Smuder","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003837","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEDoxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent whose clinical use is limited due to cardiorespiratory muscle toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate sex differences in the severity of DOX myotoxicity and determine the effectiveness of preconditioning exercise to confer protection.METHODSAdult male and female Sprague Dawley rats remained sedentary (Sed) or performed two weeks of exercise preconditioning (5 days/week, 60 min/day, 30 m/min) (Ex). Twenty-four hours after the final exercise bout rats received saline (Sal) or DOX (20 mg/kg IP). Forty-eight hours later, cardiac and respiratory muscle function were assessed and tissues were collected.RESULTSExercise preconditioning increased exercise tolerance in both male and female Sal- and DOX-treated rats compared to their Sed counterpart (Male: Sed-DOX 26.89 ± 2.30 min vs. Ex-DOX 39.01 ± 2.76 min; Female: Sed-DOX 24.65 ± 1.81 min vs. Ex-DOX 45.14 ± 3.72 min). DOX reduced left ventricle fractional shortening (FS%) and maximal diaphragm muscle force production compared to Sal-treated rats in males and females, which were only prevented with exercise in female DOX-treated rats (FS% Male: Sed-DOX 35.57 ± 1.59% vs. Ex-DOX 35.12 ± 0.67%; Female: Sed-DOX 36.84 ± 1.11% vs. Ex-DOX 43.99 ± 2.56% and Force Male: Sed-DOX 17.93 ± 1.13 N/cm 2 vs. Ex-DOX 20.91 ± 1.01 N/cm 2 ; Female: Sed-DOX 19.71 ± 0.68 N/cm 2 vs. Ex-DOX 22.00 ± 1.47 N/cm 2 ). These effects were associated with sex-specific differences in circulating hormones, muscle DOX accumulation and gene expression.CONCLUSIONSCardiorespiratory muscle toxicity occurred following acute DOX exposure in male and female rats. Although, exercise preconditioning elicited a robust increase in cardiorespiratory endurance in both sexes, the beneficial effects of exercise on cardiac and diaphragm muscle function occurred exclusively in female rats.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-12DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003834
Man Tong Chua,Alexiaa Sim,Abdul Rashid Aziz,Ted Polglaze,Stephen Francis Burns
PURPOSEThis study investigated the effects of incorporating blood flow restriction (BFR) during rest periods between sets of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on aerobic, sprint, and muscular performance in recreationally active participants.METHODSForty healthy males (28.7 ± 6.0y) were pair-matched and randomized into either blood flow restriction (BFR + HIIT) or sham (SHAM+HIIT) groups and completed nine sessions of HIIT (three sets, eight × 30s cycling at 90-105% maximal aerobic power (Wmax), 30s active recovery, with 4-min rest between sets) over three weeks. BFR + HIIT group had 80% limb occlusion pressure applied for the first 2-min of rest between sets, while SHAM+HIIT group cycled under sham hypoxic conditions.RESULTSTraining variables (power output, heart rate, perceived effort and pain) were similar between groups. Post-training, endurance performance significantly improved in BFR + HIIT compared with SHAM+HIIT, indicated by greater increases in Wmax (+25.6 W vs +17.2 W, p = 0.014) and time to exhaustion (TTE: +61.7 s vs +38.4 s, p = 0.008) during an incremental graded cycling test; and increased mean power output (TTMPO: +20.3 W vs +9.3 W, p = 0.017) and reduced time to completion (TTC: -79.1 s vs -39.3 s, p = 0.014) during a 20 km time trial. Conversely, no differences were found between groups in power outputs assessed by the 30-s cycling sprint test, or in muscular power and strength, as measured by countermovement jump and isometric mid-thigh pull tests.CONCLUSIONSUtilizing BFR during rest periods of HIIT enhances aerobic performance without altering training variables, though it may not provide additional advantages for sprint power or strength development.
目的：本研究探讨了在高强度间歇训练（HIIT）之间的休息期间合并血流量限制（BFR）对娱乐性运动参与者有氧运动、短跑和肌肉表现的影响。方法将40名健康男性（28.7±6.0岁）进行配对，随机分为血流限制组（BFR +HIIT）和假手术组（sham +HIIT），在3周内完成9组HIIT（3组，8 × 30秒以90-105%最大有氧能力（Wmax）循环，30秒主动恢复，每组休息4分钟）。BFR +HIIT组在两组间休息前2分钟施加80%肢体闭塞压力，而SHAM+HIIT组在假性缺氧条件下循环。结果两组之间的运动变量（功率输出、心率、感知努力和疼痛）相似。训练后，与SHAM+HIIT相比，BFR +HIIT组的耐力表现显著改善，在渐进式循环试验中，最大Wmax （+25.6 W vs +17.2 W, p = 0.014）和疲劳时间（TTE: +61.7 s vs +38.4 s, p = 0.008）的增加更大；在20公里计时赛中，平均功率输出增加（TTMPO: +20.3 W vs +9.3 W, p = 0.017），完成时间缩短（TTC: -79.1 s vs -39.3 s, p = 0.014）。相反，通过30秒自行车冲刺测试评估的力量输出，或通过反向运动跳跃和等距大腿中部拉扯测试测量的肌肉力量和力量，各组之间没有发现差异。结论：在HIIT休息期间使用BFR可以在不改变训练变量的情况下提高有氧表现，尽管它可能不会为短跑力量或力量发展提供额外的优势。
{"title":"Blood Flow Restriction during Rest Periods of High-intensity Interval Training Enhances Endurance Performance: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study.","authors":"Man Tong Chua,Alexiaa Sim,Abdul Rashid Aziz,Ted Polglaze,Stephen Francis Burns","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003834","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEThis study investigated the effects of incorporating blood flow restriction (BFR) during rest periods between sets of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on aerobic, sprint, and muscular performance in recreationally active participants.METHODSForty healthy males (28.7 ± 6.0y) were pair-matched and randomized into either blood flow restriction (BFR + HIIT) or sham (SHAM+HIIT) groups and completed nine sessions of HIIT (three sets, eight × 30s cycling at 90-105% maximal aerobic power (Wmax), 30s active recovery, with 4-min rest between sets) over three weeks. BFR + HIIT group had 80% limb occlusion pressure applied for the first 2-min of rest between sets, while SHAM+HIIT group cycled under sham hypoxic conditions.RESULTSTraining variables (power output, heart rate, perceived effort and pain) were similar between groups. Post-training, endurance performance significantly improved in BFR + HIIT compared with SHAM+HIIT, indicated by greater increases in Wmax (+25.6 W vs +17.2 W, p = 0.014) and time to exhaustion (TTE: +61.7 s vs +38.4 s, p = 0.008) during an incremental graded cycling test; and increased mean power output (TTMPO: +20.3 W vs +9.3 W, p = 0.017) and reduced time to completion (TTC: -79.1 s vs -39.3 s, p = 0.014) during a 20 km time trial. Conversely, no differences were found between groups in power outputs assessed by the 30-s cycling sprint test, or in muscular power and strength, as measured by countermovement jump and isometric mid-thigh pull tests.CONCLUSIONSUtilizing BFR during rest periods of HIIT enhances aerobic performance without altering training variables, though it may not provide additional advantages for sprint power or strength development.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144819603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003833
Jared R Muench,Grant P Sinson,Breanna Glaeser,Alok S Shah,Steven Rowson,Stefan Duma,Jason Mihalik,Alison Brooks,Kenneth Cameron,Christopher Giza,Joshua Goldman,Gerald McGinty,Larry Dwight Riggen,Paul F Pasquina,Steven P Broglio,Thomas McAllister,Michael A McCrea,Jaroslaw Harezlak,Brian D Stemper
PURPOSEFollowing sport-related concussions, early head impact exposure and premature return-to-sport are known to increase risk of repeat concussion in football athletes, yet athletes' true post-injury head impact exposure profiles (i.e., characteristics of recorded head impacts over a given time period) and biomechanical progression have not been explored. Accordingly, this study explored how head impact exposure in American college football athletes was altered during their return to sport from concussion, particularly within the same athletic season.METHODSThis analysis compared daily volume of head impacts following concussion with pre-injury levels using head impact exposure profiles of fifty-two concussed collegiate football athletes from six NCAA Division I programs, and further compared these athletes to team- and position-matched controls to minimize season- or team-related factors. Additionally, this study provided an analysis of the possible association between duration of recovery and change in head impact exposure following concussion using continuous linear regression.RESULTSWhen comparing to pre-injury levels, 75% of concussed athletes reduced their head impact exposure in their immediate return-to-sport, while over 40% of concussed athletes did not reach their pre-injury level of head impact exposure at any point during the remainder of the concussion season segment. Furthermore, concussed athletes significantly decreased their head impact exposure over their immediate return-to-sport period when compared to team- and position-matched healthy, non-concussed athletes over the same time period. Finally, longer post-concussion recovery times were associated with larger decreases in head impact exposure after return-to-sport.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides evidence for a shift in head impact exposure after returning from concussion, seen most strongly in the immediate days after return-to-sport. These findings align with the recent shift toward more conservative post-concussion management seen across multiple sports and playing levels.
{"title":"Change in Head Impact Exposure following Return-to-Sport in Concussed Football Athletes.","authors":"Jared R Muench,Grant P Sinson,Breanna Glaeser,Alok S Shah,Steven Rowson,Stefan Duma,Jason Mihalik,Alison Brooks,Kenneth Cameron,Christopher Giza,Joshua Goldman,Gerald McGinty,Larry Dwight Riggen,Paul F Pasquina,Steven P Broglio,Thomas McAllister,Michael A McCrea,Jaroslaw Harezlak,Brian D Stemper","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003833","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEFollowing sport-related concussions, early head impact exposure and premature return-to-sport are known to increase risk of repeat concussion in football athletes, yet athletes' true post-injury head impact exposure profiles (i.e., characteristics of recorded head impacts over a given time period) and biomechanical progression have not been explored. Accordingly, this study explored how head impact exposure in American college football athletes was altered during their return to sport from concussion, particularly within the same athletic season.METHODSThis analysis compared daily volume of head impacts following concussion with pre-injury levels using head impact exposure profiles of fifty-two concussed collegiate football athletes from six NCAA Division I programs, and further compared these athletes to team- and position-matched controls to minimize season- or team-related factors. Additionally, this study provided an analysis of the possible association between duration of recovery and change in head impact exposure following concussion using continuous linear regression.RESULTSWhen comparing to pre-injury levels, 75% of concussed athletes reduced their head impact exposure in their immediate return-to-sport, while over 40% of concussed athletes did not reach their pre-injury level of head impact exposure at any point during the remainder of the concussion season segment. Furthermore, concussed athletes significantly decreased their head impact exposure over their immediate return-to-sport period when compared to team- and position-matched healthy, non-concussed athletes over the same time period. Finally, longer post-concussion recovery times were associated with larger decreases in head impact exposure after return-to-sport.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides evidence for a shift in head impact exposure after returning from concussion, seen most strongly in the immediate days after return-to-sport. These findings align with the recent shift toward more conservative post-concussion management seen across multiple sports and playing levels.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003829
Nick W Bray,Frederico Pieruccini-Faria,Suzanne T Witt,Robert Bartha,Lindsay S Nagamatsu,Quincy J Almeida,Teresa Liu-Ambrose,Laura E Middleton,Louis Bherer,Manuel Montero-Odasso
PURPOSEFunctional (brain) connectivity, or brain regions that are anatomically separate but temporally synchronized, is crucial for executing complex functions and is sensitive for identifying covert but meaningful differences in clinical populations. We aimed to determine if pre-intervention functional connectivity and executive function differ between "responders" and "non-responders" in a randomized controlled trial.METHODSParticipants diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment completed combined physical exercise (i.e., aerobic and resistance training) with or without cognitive training and/or vitamin D3 supplementation three times per week for 20-weeks. We assessed pre-intervention functional connectivity using a seed-to-voxel approach and executive function using the (normalized) Trail Making Test. We defined responders as those who achieved the minimal clinically important difference in tests of physical performance (i.e., cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and muscle power) by the end of the intervention.RESULTSOur 67 participants were mostly male, with an average age of 74.51 ± 6.44 years. For cardiovascular fitness, responders demonstrated stronger functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and right frontal pole (cluster: size = 352 p-FDR < 0.05). Similarly, for muscle strength, responders demonstrated stronger functional connectivity between the left amygdala and right cerebellum (cluster: size = 268 p-FDR < 0.05). There was no link between functional connectivity and executive function.CONCLUSIONSResponders to a physical exercise intervention possess stronger pre-intervention functional connectivity between regions implicated in higher-order cognitive and behavioural processing. Functional connectivity may delineate who is primed for intervention success and who may require alternative strategies before beginning. Future research should aim to determine if pre-intervention functional connectivity can help optimize intervention resources and enhance the precision of personalized exercise recommendations.
{"title":"The Role of Functional Brain Connectivity in Intervention Success: A Secondary Analysis from the SYNERGIC Trial.","authors":"Nick W Bray,Frederico Pieruccini-Faria,Suzanne T Witt,Robert Bartha,Lindsay S Nagamatsu,Quincy J Almeida,Teresa Liu-Ambrose,Laura E Middleton,Louis Bherer,Manuel Montero-Odasso","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003829","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEFunctional (brain) connectivity, or brain regions that are anatomically separate but temporally synchronized, is crucial for executing complex functions and is sensitive for identifying covert but meaningful differences in clinical populations. We aimed to determine if pre-intervention functional connectivity and executive function differ between \"responders\" and \"non-responders\" in a randomized controlled trial.METHODSParticipants diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment completed combined physical exercise (i.e., aerobic and resistance training) with or without cognitive training and/or vitamin D3 supplementation three times per week for 20-weeks. We assessed pre-intervention functional connectivity using a seed-to-voxel approach and executive function using the (normalized) Trail Making Test. We defined responders as those who achieved the minimal clinically important difference in tests of physical performance (i.e., cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and muscle power) by the end of the intervention.RESULTSOur 67 participants were mostly male, with an average age of 74.51 ± 6.44 years. For cardiovascular fitness, responders demonstrated stronger functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and right frontal pole (cluster: size = 352 p-FDR < 0.05). Similarly, for muscle strength, responders demonstrated stronger functional connectivity between the left amygdala and right cerebellum (cluster: size = 268 p-FDR < 0.05). There was no link between functional connectivity and executive function.CONCLUSIONSResponders to a physical exercise intervention possess stronger pre-intervention functional connectivity between regions implicated in higher-order cognitive and behavioural processing. Functional connectivity may delineate who is primed for intervention success and who may require alternative strategies before beginning. Future research should aim to determine if pre-intervention functional connectivity can help optimize intervention resources and enhance the precision of personalized exercise recommendations.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144824935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PURPOSEThis study aimed to describe trends in the daily number of steps taken by the Japanese population from 1995 to 2019, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey Japan (NHNS-J), and to project step counts for 2032, the target year of the Health Japan 21 (HJ21) third term, while assessing the feasibility of national physical activity goals.METHODSWe analyzed individual, pedometer-based daily step count data from 213,924 participants between 1995 and 2019. Age-adjusted average daily step counts were calculated, then linear regression model was used to project daily step counts for 2032, stratified by age (20-64 yr, 65+ yr) and gender.RESULTSThe average number of steps taken by the Japanese population has shown a consistent decline since 2000. The projected daily step counts (95% confidence interval [CI]) for 2032 were as follows: 7499 (6854-8144) steps per day for men 20-64 yr old, 5038 (4091-5985) steps per day for men 65+ yr old, 6073 (5277-6869) steps per day for women 20-64 yr old, and 4620 (3749-5490) steps per day for women 65+ yr old. Significant declines were observed in women 20-64 yr old (beta = -45.8 steps per year, 95% CI = -86.4 to -15.2). The new step count targets set by HJ21 (8000 steps per day for younger adults and 6000 steps per day for older adults) are 6.1% to 26.9% higher than the projected values, particularly for women.CONCLUSIONSDaily step counts in Japan have shown a long-term decline, particularly among women. The projected decline in step counts indicates that the new step targets set by HJ21 may be challenging to achieve, particularly for women. Future public health initiatives should prioritize promoting physical activity in this population.
目的本研究旨在利用日本国家健康与营养调查（NHNS-J）的数据，描述1995年至2019年日本人口每日步数的趋势，并预测2032年（日本健康21 （HJ21）第三期的目标年）的步数，同时评估国家身体活动目标的可行性。方法：我们分析了1995年至2019年期间213924名参与者的个人、基于计步器的每日步数数据。计算年龄调整后的平均每日步数，然后使用线性回归模型预测2032年的每日步数，按年龄（20-64岁，65岁以上）和性别分层。结果自2000年以来，日本人的平均步数呈持续下降趋势。2032年预计的每日步数（95%置信区间[CI]）如下：20-64岁男性每天7499（6854-8144）步，65岁以上男性每天5038（4091-5985）步，20-64岁女性每天6073（5273 -6869）步，65岁以上女性每天4620（3749-5490）步。在20-64岁的女性中观察到显著的下降（β = -45.8步/年，95% CI = -86.4至-15.2）。HJ21制定的新步数目标（年轻人每天8000步，老年人每天6000步）比预期值高出6.1%至26.9%，尤其是女性。结论：日本人的每日步数呈长期下降趋势，尤其是女性。预计的步数下降表明HJ21设定的新步数目标可能难以实现，特别是对女性而言。未来的公共卫生行动应优先促进这一人群的体育活动。
{"title":"Temporal Trends and Projected Daily Step Count from 213,924 Pedometer Data in a Nationally Representative Japanese Population.","authors":"Hiroyuki Kikuchi,Noritoshi Fukushima,Shiho Amagasa,Shigeru Inoue","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003693","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSEThis study aimed to describe trends in the daily number of steps taken by the Japanese population from 1995 to 2019, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey Japan (NHNS-J), and to project step counts for 2032, the target year of the Health Japan 21 (HJ21) third term, while assessing the feasibility of national physical activity goals.METHODSWe analyzed individual, pedometer-based daily step count data from 213,924 participants between 1995 and 2019. Age-adjusted average daily step counts were calculated, then linear regression model was used to project daily step counts for 2032, stratified by age (20-64 yr, 65+ yr) and gender.RESULTSThe average number of steps taken by the Japanese population has shown a consistent decline since 2000. The projected daily step counts (95% confidence interval [CI]) for 2032 were as follows: 7499 (6854-8144) steps per day for men 20-64 yr old, 5038 (4091-5985) steps per day for men 65+ yr old, 6073 (5277-6869) steps per day for women 20-64 yr old, and 4620 (3749-5490) steps per day for women 65+ yr old. Significant declines were observed in women 20-64 yr old (beta = -45.8 steps per year, 95% CI = -86.4 to -15.2). The new step count targets set by HJ21 (8000 steps per day for younger adults and 6000 steps per day for older adults) are 6.1% to 26.9% higher than the projected values, particularly for women.CONCLUSIONSDaily step counts in Japan have shown a long-term decline, particularly among women. The projected decline in step counts indicates that the new step targets set by HJ21 may be challenging to achieve, particularly for women. Future public health initiatives should prioritize promoting physical activity in this population.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"12 1","pages":"1763-1768"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144630251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PURPOSERepetitive head impacts due to heading in soccer may bear the potential to induce brain changes. To investigate how brain development is affected by heading, effects of heading exposure on neurocognitive and vestibular performance in adolescent soccer players were prospectively examined.METHODSIn this longitudinal cohort study, male and female high-level youth soccer players of different ages were enrolled in two seasons. Age-matched athletes of other ball sports were included as controls. Before and after each season, neurocognitive performance (6 domain scores), vestibulo-ocular reflex, dynamic visual acuity, and postural control (sway velocity) were objectively assessed in all athletes. Every soccer training and match during the observation period was videotaped to analyze individual heading exposure. Associations between heading frequency (total, in duels, >20 m flight distance) and pre- to post-changes were investigated via Spearman correlation.RESULTS103 soccer and 51 control athletes (9-19 years) participated. Neurocognitive scores and sway velocity significantly improved in each season in soccer and control athletes. There were no associations between total heading numbers and changes in any parameter. Over the first season, the more headers played in duels (r = -0.255, 95%CI = -0.474 to -0.006, p = 0.04) and from >20 m distance (r = -0.299, 95%CI = -0.510 to -0.055, p = 0.02) the less psychomotor speed improvement occurred. In the second season, improvements in reaction time were significantly smaller with higher numbers of headers played in duels (r = 0.375, 95%CI = 0.043 to 0.632, p = 0.02) and from >20 m distance (r = 0.359, 95%CI = 0.025 to 0.621, p = 0.03).CONCLUSIONSPotential high-impact headers may have affected neurocognitive improvements, exhibiting small to moderate effects. Therefore, more high-impact headers may be more important to consider than solely the overall heading exposure in discussions about adverse effects in youth soccer.
{"title":"Effects of Different Header Types on Neurocognitive and Vestibular Performance in Youth Soccer Players.","authors":"Rebecca Reeschke,Lena Dautzenberg,Franziska Katharina Mund,Thorsten Koch,Claus Reinsberger","doi":"10.1249/mss.0000000000003831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000003831","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSERepetitive head impacts due to heading in soccer may bear the potential to induce brain changes. To investigate how brain development is affected by heading, effects of heading exposure on neurocognitive and vestibular performance in adolescent soccer players were prospectively examined.METHODSIn this longitudinal cohort study, male and female high-level youth soccer players of different ages were enrolled in two seasons. Age-matched athletes of other ball sports were included as controls. Before and after each season, neurocognitive performance (6 domain scores), vestibulo-ocular reflex, dynamic visual acuity, and postural control (sway velocity) were objectively assessed in all athletes. Every soccer training and match during the observation period was videotaped to analyze individual heading exposure. Associations between heading frequency (total, in duels, >20 m flight distance) and pre- to post-changes were investigated via Spearman correlation.RESULTS103 soccer and 51 control athletes (9-19 years) participated. Neurocognitive scores and sway velocity significantly improved in each season in soccer and control athletes. There were no associations between total heading numbers and changes in any parameter. Over the first season, the more headers played in duels (r = -0.255, 95%CI = -0.474 to -0.006, p = 0.04) and from >20 m distance (r = -0.299, 95%CI = -0.510 to -0.055, p = 0.02) the less psychomotor speed improvement occurred. In the second season, improvements in reaction time were significantly smaller with higher numbers of headers played in duels (r = 0.375, 95%CI = 0.043 to 0.632, p = 0.02) and from >20 m distance (r = 0.359, 95%CI = 0.025 to 0.621, p = 0.03).CONCLUSIONSPotential high-impact headers may have affected neurocognitive improvements, exhibiting small to moderate effects. Therefore, more high-impact headers may be more important to consider than solely the overall heading exposure in discussions about adverse effects in youth soccer.","PeriodicalId":18500,"journal":{"name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144777809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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