Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723604177
Z. I. Iskhakova, D. E. Zhuravleva, A. R. Kayumov
Abstract
Bacterial PII-like proteins are global regulators of nitrogen and energy metabolism, which respond to nutrients availability by binding cognate partner proteins, thus modulating their activity. The PotN protein from Lentilactobacillus hilgardii, a member of the new family of PII-like proteins, is capable of competitive binding of ATP and ADP, thus regulating metabolism in response to the cell energy status. Thus, under ADP excess, PotN binds this nucleotide and interacts mostly with the PotA subunit of the polyamine АВС transporter, suppressing its ATPase activity. PotN also dissociates from the transcription factor GlnR, restoring its ability to bind DNA and modulate expression of the genes of the GlnR regulon. On the contrary, in the ATP state PotN dissociates from PotA and binds to the GlnR factor.
摘要细菌PII样蛋白是氮和能量代谢的全局调控因子，它通过与同源伙伴蛋白结合对营养物质的可用性做出反应，从而调节其活性。来自扁豆乳杆菌（Lentilactobacillus hilgardii）的 PotN 蛋白是 PII 类蛋白家族的新成员，它能够竞争性地结合 ATP 和 ADP，从而根据细胞的能量状态调节新陈代谢。因此，在 ADP 过量的情况下，PotN 会与这种核苷酸结合，并主要与多胺АВС转运体的 PotA 亚基相互作用，抑制其 ATP 酶活性。PotN 还能与转录因子 GlnR 分离，恢复其结合 DNA 和调节 GlnR 调节子基因表达的能力。相反，在 ATP 状态下，PotN 与 PotA 分离，并与 GlnR 因子结合。
{"title":"Effect of the PotN Protein on Activities of the GlnR and PotA Proteins in the Cells of Lentilactobacillus hilgardii","authors":"Z. I. Iskhakova, D. E. Zhuravleva, A. R. Kayumov","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723604177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723604177","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Bacterial PII-like proteins are global regulators of nitrogen and energy metabolism, which respond to nutrients availability by binding cognate partner proteins, thus modulating their activity. The PotN protein from <i>Lentilactobacillus hilgardii</i>, a member of the new family of PII-like proteins, is capable of competitive binding of ATP and ADP, thus regulating metabolism in response to the cell energy status. Thus, under ADP excess, PotN binds this nucleotide and interacts mostly with the PotA subunit of the polyamine АВС transporter, suppressing its ATPase activity. PotN also dissociates from the transcription factor GlnR, restoring its ability to bind DNA and modulate expression of the genes of the GlnR regulon. On the contrary, in the ATP state PotN dissociates from PotA and binds to the GlnR factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723604244
E. P. Efremova, O. M. Zemlyanko, G. A. Zhouravleva
Abstract
Nonsense mutations in the essential SUP45 and SUP35 genes encoding translation termination factors affect the viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Flow cytometry revealed that the viability of the mutants was 3.5‒4 times lower compared to the wild-type strains. Moreover, the mutants were found to have higher sensitivity to ultrasonic treatment.
{"title":"Application of Flow Cytometry for Viability Assay of Mutants for Translation Termination Factors in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae","authors":"E. P. Efremova, O. M. Zemlyanko, G. A. Zhouravleva","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723604244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723604244","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>Nonsense mutations in the essential <i>SUP45</i> and <i>SUP35</i> genes encoding translation termination factors affect the viability of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> cells. Flow cytometry revealed that the viability of the mutants was 3.5‒4 times lower compared to the wild-type strains. Moreover, the mutants were found to have higher sensitivity to ultrasonic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723603858
A. V. Ignatenko, T. V. Khijniak
Abstract
A new haloalkaliphilic member of the genus Salisediminibacterium (family Bacillaceae) with high chromate-reducing activity with a broad range of conditions was isolated. Reduction efficiency after 3 days was up to 99% at initial Cr(VI) concentrations 15 and 100 mg/L for mineral and organic media, respectively. Effect of organic matter on the rate of chromate reduction was shown. The isolate MB1000 differed from the presently described members of the genus Salisediminibacterium in its physiological characteristics.
{"title":"A New Haloalkaliphilic Member of the Genus Salisediminibacterium Capable of Efficient Chromate Reduction","authors":"A. V. Ignatenko, T. V. Khijniak","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723603858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723603858","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>\u0000</h3><p>A new haloalkaliphilic member of the genus <i>Salisediminibacterium</i> (family <i>Bacillaceae</i>) with high chromate-reducing activity with a broad range of conditions was isolated. Reduction efficiency after 3 days was up to 99% at initial Cr(VI) concentrations 15 and 100 mg/L for mineral and organic media, respectively. Effect of organic matter on the rate of chromate reduction was shown. The isolate MB1000 differed from the presently described members of the genus <i>Salisediminibacterium</i> in its physiological characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140564263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723603962
Abstract
The bacterioplankton of Lake Khubsugul (Hövsgöl) has significant differences from that of large ancient and oligotrophic water bodies. The greatest similarity was noted, however, between the microbiomes of Lake Khubsugul and Lake Baikal, the lakes located in the same rift zone and connected by the river system, which emphasizes the similarity of microbiomes at the regional level. In the global aspect, geographical zonation had the greatest reliable significance in the microbial community biogeography, while depth had the lowest. Trophic status of the lakes, as well as their ancient origin, did not affect the clustering of microbiomes, with the seasonal factor playing the major part at the local and regional levels.
{"title":"Biogeography of Planktonic and Benthic Bacterial Communities of Lake Khubsugul (Mongolia)","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723603962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723603962","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3> <strong>Abstract</strong> </h3> <p>The bacterioplankton of Lake Khubsugul (Hövsgöl) has significant differences from that of large ancient and oligotrophic water bodies. The greatest similarity was noted, however, between the microbiomes of Lake Khubsugul and Lake Baikal, the lakes located in the same rift zone and connected by the river system, which emphasizes the similarity of microbiomes at the regional level. In the global aspect, geographical zonation had the greatest reliable significance in the microbial community biogeography, while depth had the lowest. Trophic status of the lakes, as well as their ancient origin, did not affect the clustering of microbiomes, with the seasonal factor playing the major part at the local and regional levels.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"701 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723604281
Abstract
Infections associated with biofilm formation by gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms cause difficulty in therapy and are prone to transition into chronic forms. Approaches to degradation of the biofilm matrix are therefore in demand. In the present work, we show that recombinant PAPC serine protease from Aspergillus ochraceus were able to degrade mature biofilms formed by a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by 15‒20% at 50 µg/mL. At 100 µg/mL, the biomass of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilms decreased by 50%. Thus, the PAPC may be a promising agent for biofilm removal and enhance the efficiency of antimicrobial therapy.
{"title":"Destruction of Biofilms of Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria by Serine Protease PAPC from Aspergillus ochraceus","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723604281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723604281","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Infections associated with biofilm formation by gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms cause difficulty in therapy and are prone to transition into chronic forms. Approaches to degradation of the biofilm matrix are therefore in demand. In the present work, we show that recombinant PAPC serine protease from <em>Aspergillus ochraceus</em> were able to degrade mature biofilms formed by a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by 15‒20% at 50 µg/mL. At 100 µg/mL, the biomass of <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>P. aeruginosa</em> biofilms decreased by 50%. Thus, the PAPC may be a promising agent for biofilm removal and enhance the efficiency of antimicrobial therapy.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723603950
Abstract
The genus Trichoderma comprised important antagonists of pathogenic fungi and can be used in agriculture to combat various plant diseases. In the course of the present work, two micromycete strains were isolated from wood cuts in Eastern Siberia, which were identified by morphological and molecular genetic characteristics as Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma harzianum. These Trichoderma strains efficiently inhibited the development of the pathogenic fungi studied (by up to 80%). The data presented in the paper indicate that Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma harzianum may be promising for further study of the means of biocontrol of plant diseases.
{"title":"Activity of East Siberian Trichoderma Isolates against Plant-Pathogenic Microorganisms","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723603950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723603950","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3> <strong>Abstract</strong> </h3> <p>The genus <em>Trichoderma</em> comprised important antagonists of pathogenic fungi and can be used in agriculture to combat various plant diseases. In the course of the present work, two micromycete strains were isolated from wood cuts in Eastern Siberia, which were identified by morphological and molecular genetic characteristics as <em>Trichoderma atroviride</em> and <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>. These <em>Trichoderma</em> strains efficiently inhibited the development of the pathogenic fungi studied (by up to 80%). The data presented in the paper indicate that <em>Trichoderma atroviride</em> and <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> may be promising for further study of the means of biocontrol of plant diseases.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723604037
Abstract
The work deals with investigation of genetic diversity and biogeography of T4-like cyanophages from the shallow bay of the Posolsky Sor (Lake Baikal), based on analysis of the g20 marker gene. High diversity of the g20 gene fragments and their uniqueness were revealed. The greatest similarity was noted with the previously obtained sequences from Lake Baikal and with those from freshwater ecosystems: oligotrophic Lake Green, Lake Round, oligomesotrophic Lake Annecy, and mesotrophic Lake Bourget. From the point of view of biogeography, it was determined that the phage sequences were more similar to the previously obtained ones from different Lake Baikal ecotopes than to those from other ecosystems.
{"title":"T4-Like Cyanophages of Lake Baikal: Genetic Diversity and Biogeography","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723604037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723604037","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3> <strong>Abstract</strong> </h3> <p>The work deals with investigation of genetic diversity and biogeography of T4-like cyanophages from the shallow bay of the Posolsky Sor (Lake Baikal), based on analysis of the <em>g20</em> marker gene. High diversity of the <em>g20</em> gene fragments and their uniqueness were revealed. The greatest similarity was noted with the previously obtained sequences from Lake Baikal and with those from freshwater ecosystems: oligotrophic Lake Green, Lake Round, oligomesotrophic Lake Annecy, and mesotrophic Lake Bourget. From the point of view of biogeography, it was determined that the phage sequences were more similar to the previously obtained ones from different Lake Baikal ecotopes than to those from other ecosystems.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140603376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723604141
Abstract
Resistance of polymer composite materials to biodamage is one of the pressing problems of our time. Incorporation of Cu2O (I) in the composition of a polymer composite based on the ED-20 epoxy resin increases its biocidal properties. Under conditions of mineral and organic contamination, the area of the samples affected by micromycetes was found to decrease with increasing concentration of dispersed particles in the composite. The affected area of the samples filled with the particles encapsulated in polylactide was 1.5 times smaller than that of the composites filled with non-encapsulated particles. Copper oxide had a toxic effect on the Aspergillus niger strain dominant on the surface of the samples, causing a decrease in the average radial growth rate on the Czapek–Dox agar medium and in the biomass weight concentration during the growth of micromycetes in a liquid medium compared to the variant without Cu2O.
{"title":"Role of Copper Ions in Resistance of Modern Polymer Composite Materials to Fungal Damage","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723604141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723604141","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3> <strong>Abstract</strong> </h3> <p>Resistance of polymer composite materials to biodamage is one of the pressing problems of our time. Incorporation of Cu<sub>2</sub>O (I) in the composition of a polymer composite based on the ED-20 epoxy resin increases its biocidal properties. Under conditions of mineral and organic contamination, the area of the samples affected by micromycetes was found to decrease with increasing concentration of dispersed particles in the composite. The affected area of the samples filled with the particles encapsulated in polylactide was 1.5 times smaller than that of the composites filled with non-encapsulated particles. Copper oxide had a toxic effect on the <em>Aspergillus niger</em> strain dominant on the surface of the samples, causing a decrease in the average radial growth rate on the Czapek–Dox agar medium and in the biomass weight concentration during the growth of micromycetes in a liquid medium compared to the variant without Cu<sub>2</sub>O.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723604013
Abstract
The diversity and uniqueness of fungal cytochromes P450 (CYP), capable of catalyzing the regio- and stereospecific hydroxylation of steroids, makes them important for microbiological synthesis of valuable hydroxysteroids. In the present work, the function of recombinant fungal P450 monooxygenase (CYPI) of Curvularia sp. strain VKM F-3040, a promising biocatalyst of 7-hydroxylation of androstane steroids, was studied. RT-PCR amplification of cDNA of the candidate genes encoding CYPI and its natural redox partner (POR), their cloning and heterologous expression in the cells of E. coli BL 21 DE(3) was carried out. In vitro experiments showed the ability of the obtained recombinant monooxygenase to catalyze hydroxylation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) at positions 7α and 7β. Our results expand the knowledge about fungal steroid hydroxylases and open up the prospects for the synthesis of valuable 7-hydroxysteroids by using recombinant producers.
{"title":"Expression of the Curvularia sp. P450 Monooxygenase Gene in Escherichia coli and Confirmation of Its 7-Hydroxylation Function","authors":"","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723604013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723604013","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3> <strong>Abstract</strong> </h3> <p>The diversity and uniqueness of fungal cytochromes P450 (CYP), capable of catalyzing the regio- and stereospecific hydroxylation of steroids, makes them important for microbiological synthesis of valuable hydroxysteroids. In the present work, the function of recombinant fungal P450 monooxygenase (CYPI) of <em>Curvularia</em> sp. strain VKM F-3040, a promising biocatalyst of 7-hydroxylation of androstane steroids, was studied. RT-PCR amplification of cDNA of the candidate genes encoding CYPI and its natural redox partner (POR), their cloning and heterologous expression in the cells of <em>E. coli</em> BL 21 DE(3) was carried out. In vitro experiments showed the ability of the obtained recombinant monooxygenase to catalyze hydroxylation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) at positions 7α and 7β. Our results expand the knowledge about fungal steroid hydroxylases and open up the prospects for the synthesis of valuable 7-hydroxysteroids by using recombinant producers.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1134/s0026261723602944
N. A. Chernyh, A. Yu. Merkel, K. V. Kondrasheva, J. E. Alimov, A. A. Klyukina, E. A. Bonch-Osmolovskaya, A. I. Slobodkin, K. D. Davranov
Abstract
Since the early 1960s, agricultural development in the irrigated areas of Uzbekistan resulted in a 90% decrease of the Aral Sea area, while the water salinity increased from 1 to 20%. The goal of the present work was to investigate the diversity of microbial communities of the water and sediments of the Western Aral Sea, as well as of the adjacent soils and basins, using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA genes. It was found that Aral Sea water with a salinity of 22% was inhabited by uncultured Archaea of the family Haloferacaceae (22‒43%), as well as by bacteria of the genera Spiribacter and Psychroflexus. In the Aral Sea sediments, the share of archaea was much lower (2‒17%), and among them uncultured Woesearchaeales predominated. Predominant bacteria of Aral sediments were sulfate reducers of the phylum Desulfobacterota, as well as members of the genera Fusibacter, Halanaerobium, Guyparkeria, Marinobacter, Idiomarina, and Thiomicrospira. In soil samples of the former Aral Sea bed with salinity of 8.2%, a variety of archaea of the phylum Halobacterota were present, as well as uncultured bacteria of the family Nitrosococcaceae. However, in the rhizosphere of Ewresmann’s teresken plant (Kraschennininikovia ewresmanniana) growing there, archaea accounted for only 4% and mainly belonged to the family Nitrososphearaceae. In the rhizosphere microbiome, 33% of all prokaryotes were uncultured members of the phylum Actinomycetota. The microbial community of the teresken rhizosphere turned out to be similar to the soil microbial communities of the Ustyurt plateau located 3 km from the Aral Sea shore. The fresh water flowing along the former Aral Sea bed from an artificially drilled well also caused significant changes in the microbial communities: cyanobacterial mats and associated organotrophic bacteria developed along the stream bed with the increasing salinity (0.25‒2%). Finally, the greatest prokaryotic diversity was found in the microbial community of the Lake Sudochye sediment with salinity of 1%, which is probably a modern analog of the Aral Sea microbiome before its shallowing.
{"title":"At the Shores of a Vanishing Sea: Microbial Communities of Aral and Southern Aral Sea Region","authors":"N. A. Chernyh, A. Yu. Merkel, K. V. Kondrasheva, J. E. Alimov, A. A. Klyukina, E. A. Bonch-Osmolovskaya, A. I. Slobodkin, K. D. Davranov","doi":"10.1134/s0026261723602944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s0026261723602944","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Since the early 1960s, agricultural development in the irrigated areas of Uzbekistan resulted in a 90% decrease of the Aral Sea area, while the water salinity increased from 1 to 20%. The goal of the present work was to investigate the diversity of microbial communities of the water and sediments of the Western Aral Sea, as well as of the adjacent soils and basins, using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA genes. It was found that Aral Sea water with a salinity of 22% was inhabited by uncultured <i>Archaea</i> of the family <i>Haloferacaceae</i> (22‒43%), as well as by bacteria of the genera <i>Spiribacter</i> and <i>Psychroflexus</i>. In the Aral Sea sediments, the share of archaea was much lower (2‒17%), and among them uncultured <i>Woesearchaeales</i> predominated. Predominant bacteria of Aral sediments were sulfate reducers of the phylum <i>Desulfobacterota</i>, as well as members of the genera <i>Fusibacter</i>, <i>Halanaerobium</i>, <i>Guyparkeria</i>, <i>Marinobacter</i>, <i>Idiomarina</i>, and <i>Thiomicrospira</i>. In soil samples of the former Aral Sea bed with salinity of 8.2%, a variety of archaea of the phylum <i>Halobacterota</i> were present, as well as uncultured bacteria of the family <i>Nitrosococcaceae</i>. However, in the rhizosphere of Ewresmann’s teresken plant (<i>Kraschennininikovia ewresmanniana</i>) growing there, archaea accounted for only 4% and mainly belonged to the family <i>Nitrososphearaceae</i>. In the rhizosphere microbiome, 33% of all prokaryotes were uncultured members of the phylum <i>Actinomycetota</i>. The microbial community of the teresken rhizosphere turned out to be similar to the soil microbial communities of the Ustyurt plateau located 3 km from the Aral Sea shore. The fresh water flowing along the former Aral Sea bed from an artificially drilled well also caused significant changes in the microbial communities: cyanobacterial mats and associated organotrophic bacteria developed along the stream bed with the increasing salinity (0.25‒2%). Finally, the greatest prokaryotic diversity was found in the microbial community of the Lake Sudochye sediment with salinity of 1%, which is probably a modern analog of the Aral Sea microbiome before its shallowing.</p>","PeriodicalId":18514,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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