Mindfulness最新文献

Objectives: This study tested the feasibility of Mindfulness-SOS for Refugees, a novel lay- and minimally guided mobile health mindfulness- and compassion-based intervention, that is trauma-sensitive and socio-culturally adapted for diverse forcibly displaced people.

Method: A pre-registered, nonrandomized, single-arm, open-trial of Mindfulness-SOS as a selective preventive intervention was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, among 60 Eritrean asylum-seekers living in an unstable urban post-displacement setting in the Middle East (Israel). Measures included digital usage metrics, and self-report measures of stress- and trauma-related mental health and socio-contextual stressors.

Results: Asylum-seekers (n = 58) demonstrated high rates of adherence to the session modules and generally moderate rates of overall adherence. Elevated pre-intervention post-traumatic stress symptoms severity and post-migration living difficulties stressors prospectively predicted lower levels of engagement with meditation practice exercises. Finally, greater engagement with meditation practice exercises was associated with attenuated deterioration in depression and anxiety, but not with change in post-traumatic stress symptoms, from pre- to post-intervention.

Conclusions: Mindfulness-SOS may be a feasible selective preventive intervention approach among asylum-seekers in stressful post-displacement settings.

Preregistration: The study was pre-registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04761510; clinicaltrials.gov; 2021-02-17).

Objectives: Our study sought to evaluate whether increased mindfulness and social support mediated the effect of the Amigas Latinas Motivando el Alma (ALMA) intervention on depression and anxiety among Latina immigrant women.

Method: The study was a secondary analysis of data from a trial evaluating the ALMA intervention with a delayed-intervention comparison group design. Latina immigrants (n = 226) were recruited from local organizations in King County, WA, to participate in an intervention delivered by trained facilitators within community-based settings. The program integrated strategies to increase mindfulness and social support, was delivered in Spanish, and incorporated aspects of Latino culture. Participants completed surveys to assess mindfulness, social support, depression, and anxiety at baseline, post-intervention, and at a 2-month follow-up. We used multiple mediation models to test for mediation.

Results: Intervention group participants reported decreased depression and anxiety scores post-intervention and at the 2-month follow-up. Mindfulness and social support mediated the effect of the intervention on both depression and anxiety. For depression, mindfulness mediated the effect through increased self-compassion, while social support mediated the effect through reduced social isolation and enhanced supportive networks. Results for anxiety indicated that increased self-compassion and reduced social isolation were the significant mediators.

Conclusions: Community-based group interventions that increase mindfulness and social support can improve mental health outcomes among Latina immigrant women. Further research should evaluate the impact of mindfulness-based interventions in Latino communities.

This commentary on "Oman (2023) Mindfulness for Global Public Health: Critical Analysis and Agenda" provides a public health perspective on the utilization of mindfulness meditation for preventing childhood maltreatment, building resilience, and restoring health for adults with adverse childhood experiences. A multi-level multi-sectoral framework was proposed for using mindfulness-based interventions to prevent childhood maltreatment and enhance resilience. Emerging research and theoretical foundations are also reviewed for why and how mindfulness-based interventions can be particularly beneficial for childhood maltreatment survivors.

Objectives: This study examined the mediating role of sexual mindfulness on the relationship between indicators of Black women's psychological functioning and sexual functioning.

Method: A total of 448 Black women (82% Black American, M _age = 34, SD = 8.71) completed an online survey between January and February of 2023. Self-report measures were demographic information, sexual functioning, indicators of psychological functioning (i.e., psychological distress, perceived stress, and post-traumatic stress symptoms), and sexual mindfulness (comprised of mindful awareness and mindful non-judgment during sex). Data analysis consisted of descriptives and frequencies, bivariate correlations, and mediation analysis.

Results: We observed a significant indirect effect of (1) psychological distress on sexual function via mindful awareness (B = -0.06, β = -0.07, CI = -0.10, -0.02) and mindful non-judgment (B = -0.06, β = -0.08, CI = -0.10, -0.03) during sex; and (2) perceived stress on sexual functioning via mindful awareness (B = -0.07, β = -0.09, CI = -0.13, -0.03) and mindful non-judgment (B = -0.05, β = -0.06, CI = -0.09, -0.02) during sex. Regarding post-traumatic stress, only mindful non-judgment during sex mediated the relationship between sexual functioning and intrusive symptoms (B = -0.18, β = -0.04, CI = -0.37, -0.04), avoidance-based symptoms (B = -0.25, β = -0.03, CI = -0.47, -0.06), and hypervigilance (B = -0.21, β = -0.03, CI = -0.44, -0.04).

Conclusions: Findings suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing sexual mindfulness could benefit Black women's psychological and sexual functioning, providing valuable insights for sex therapists working with this population and researchers interested in the benefits of mindfulness-based interventions.

Preregistration: This study is not preregistered.

This article explores the potential relevance of Mindfulness-Based Programs, particularly Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), to support the mission of higher education by facilitating the journey from information to knowledge, and from knowledge to wisdom. It thus addresses the problems of distractibility and superficial engagement caused by information overload and aims to prepare students for a fulfilling life. Based upon an in-depth dialogue among authors belonging to different disciplines, this conceptual synthesis integrates the various perspectives of Buddhist studies, philosophy of education, anthropology of education, clinical psychology, and psychiatry, to construct a comprehensive view of mindfulness for higher education. The structure of its argument progresses from the languishing to the flourishing of students, and from mindfulness taught in the form of interventions, to mindfulness cultivated as the very thread of learning. The article starts by reviewing the evidence regarding students' mental health and vulnerabilities, and moves to directly listening to their voices, larger aspirations, and more existential concerns. It next elaborates an epistemic and developmental model of mindful education, making creative use of T. S. Eliot's questions regarding information, knowledge, wisdom, and Life, to capture some ongoing, complex issues. MBCT's principles, formats, practices, and adaptations are then examined to envision skillful responses to these perceived challenges, with a proposal to further weave mindfulness into the constitution of higher education. Ultimately, in reference to Simone Weil, mindfulness training is conceived as guiding the "formation of attention," along the "joy of learning," to accomplish two interrelated humanistic ideals: academic excellence and human flourishing.

Objectives: No participant-rated tool exists for assessing MBI teaching competence. This study aimed to develop and validate the MBI:PAT to address this limitation. The primary objective was to develop a new measure, the Mindfulness-based Interventions: Participants' Assessment of Teaching" (MBI:PAT), and to evaluate its psychometric properties across several studies using independent samples.

Method: The MBI:PAT was based on a theoretically and empirically supported operational definition of teaching competence and comprised 24 key features across the domains of coverage, pacing, and organization; relational skills; embodying mindfulness; guiding mindfulness practices; conveying course themes through interactive inquiry and didactic teaching; and holding the group's learning environment. Across five studies, items were generated, refined, and validated using independent samples to assess factor structure, reliability, and validity.

Results: Findings support a 24-item questionnaire, with excellent internal consistency (ω = 0.99) and construct, convergent, and divergent validity, with a one-factor structure (CFI = 1.00; TLI = 1.00; RMSEA = 0.04, 90% CI [0.03, 0.05]; SRMR = 0.03). The measure demonstrates robust invariance across age and gender.

Conclusions: The MBI:PAT provides a psychometrically robust measure of MBI teaching competence from participants' perspective that can be used in teaching, training and research. Future research is needed to explore its performance across a wider range of teaching competence, and its relationship to key process and outcome variables.

Pre-registration: Sub-study (5) was pre-registered (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05154266).

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-025-02668-8.

Objectives: Trauma burden and resulting psychopathology disproportionately affect Black adults with limited socioeconomic resources. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a group-based intervention with promise for addressing trauma-related psychopathology that may be of value for Black adults with limited socioeconomic resources because it may be more approachable for individuals with mental health stigma or hesitancy to engage with trauma memories. Trait mindfulness and emotion dysregulation (ED) are proposed mechanisms of action in MBCT, yet how these psychological factors shift as a result of MBCT in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom treatment for Black adults remains untested.

Method: The goal of this secondary analysis study was to examine changes in trait mindfulness and ED from a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an 8-week MBCT intervention adapted for Black trauma-exposed adults who screened positive for PTSD and depression compared to waitlist control (WLC). Eighty participants (86.3% women) were randomized. Trait mindfulness was measured across facets with the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire: observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudgment, and nonreacting. ED was measured using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Data were collected at baseline (T1), post-treatment (or 8 weeks following baseline for WLC) (T2), and 1-month follow-up (T3). Latent growth curve (LGC) models were run to examine change in trait mindfulness and ED by group status from T1 to T3.

Results: Mindful observing and nonreactivity increased over time (slope) in the MBCT group versus WLC (β _slope  = 0.41, SE = 0.15, p = 0.005 and β _slope  = 0.28, SE = 0.10, p = 0.007, respectively). Group status did not predict change in ED (p = 0.93).

Conclusions: Findings show that individuals in the MBCT group showed greater improvements in mindful observing and nonreactivity compared to WLC. Future efficacy trials in trauma-exposed Black adults are warranted to disentangle mechanisms of action and determine potential roles of trait mindfulness or ED in MBCT treatment outcomes.

Preregistration: The randomized controlled trial (RCT) that the data for this study came from was preregistered on Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03922581).

Objectives: Both mindfulness and humor are inherently connected to well-being. Recent research found evidence for their combined effect in a joint training, the Humor-Enriched Mindfulness-Based Program (HEMBP). This study extends these findings by exploring (1) effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on different forms of humor, (2) differential effects of the HEMBP on outcomes compared to MBSR, and (3) whether the HEMBP and MBSR may alter worldviews.

Method: Ninety participants were randomly allocated to three conditions: the HEMBP, MBSR, and a wait-list control group. Participants' mindfulness, psychological well-being, life satisfaction, perceived stress, comic styles, and primal world beliefs (primals) were assessed before and after the trainings, and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-ups. Changes in outcome variables over time were modeled by applying linear mixed-effects models.

Results: The HEMBP enhanced participants' mindfulness, benevolent humor, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction compared to the wait-list control. Similarly, MBSR increased participants' mindfulness and life satisfaction while reducing perceived stress and primal good, but no effects on humor were observed. Comparison between the two trainings revealed trends toward a greater increase in benevolent humor in the HEMBP group and a greater decrease in good in the MBSR group.

Conclusion: The results largely replicate previous research on the efficacy of the HEMBP. Both programs demonstrated similar effects on outcomes, with only the HEMBP increasing benevolent humor and psychological well-being, while MBSR reduced stress. Further research is needed to investigate qualitative aspects of the integration of humor in MBPs and the long-term impact of MBPs on individuals' worldviews.

Preregistration: This study is not preregistered.

Objectives: Social connection is crucial for well-being and health. Dyadic meditations-contemplative practices carried out by two people together-have the potential to foster connection. In the dyadic "Just-Like-Me" (JLM) meditation, two participants gaze at each other while contemplating sentences emphasizing their shared humanity. We assessed the psychological impacts of this exercise, as well as the underlying mechanisms, by comparing it to two active control conditions: mutual gazing without contemplation and solitary meditation.

Method: Study 1 was a virtual study with 55 individuals who formed 100 experimental dyads, whereas Study 2 was an in-person study with 98 participants in 238 dyad pairings. Participants engaged in a 2-min JLM, gazing, or solitary meditation exercise (the latter only in Study 2). We recorded self-reported feelings, decisions on a hypothetical dictator game, facial expressions (Study 1), and heart rates (Study 2).

Results: Both JLM and gazing increased closeness with medium-to-large effect sizes both virtually and in person (~ 1 SD increase for JLM). JLM increased closeness more than gazing in person (medium-sized effect). Both exercises had small-to-medium effects on positive partner perceptions. In-person, dictator game allocations were higher following JLM than following solitary meditation. Both JLM and gazing induced synchronous smiling, with JLM producing stronger effects (Study 1). JLM induced synchronous heart rates (Study 2). Smiling synchrony predicted positive relational outcomes with small-to-medium effect sizes.

Conclusions: Dyadic meditations, such as JLM and gazing, are effective in promoting closeness and prosocial behavior. Non-verbal and emotional synchrony between meditation partners is a potential mechanism facilitating these benefits. Dyadic meditation practices may contribute to addressing widespread loneliness and enhancing social dimensions of well-being.

Preregistration: This study is not preregistered.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-025-02588-7.

Objectives: Novice meditators often struggle to recognise and intentionally disengage from self-referential thought during meditation. We investigated whether personalised high-precision neurofeedback (NF) training improves volitional disengagement from self-referential thought during meditation and enhances meditation's outcomes.

Method: In a single-blind, controlled study, novices received 2 days of veridical (n = 20) or sham (n = 20) 7-T fMRI NF targeting posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) deactivation during meditation. After NF training, at-home meditation practice was monitored for 1 week, followed by an in-lab behavioural assessment.

Results: Both groups reported similar perceptions of NF contingency, performance, and expectancy (p > 0.05), suggesting effective participant blinding. PCC deactivation during NF-guided meditation was comparable across groups (p > 0.05). Veridical NF group showed significantly stronger negative functional coupling (d = 0.59) between PCC and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), significantly greater mindful awareness (d = 0.41) and emotional well-being (d = 0.40) associated with 1-week practice, and significant correlation (r = 0.71, p < 0.01) between emotional well-being and PCC-DLPFC negative coupling.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that high-precision NF can improve novices' ability to volitionally disengage from self-referential thought during meditation, thereby fostering greater mindful awareness in real-world practice and promoting emotional well-being.

Preregistration: This exploratory study was not preregistered.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12671-025-02671-z.