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Enablers and Barriers of Online Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Informal Carers: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review 非正规照护者在线正念干预的促进因素和障碍:混合方法系统综述
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02365-y
Charunya Amilani Kumarihami Rambukwella Abeysinghe Mudiyanselage, Beverley Ewens, Aisling Smyth, Joanne Dickson, Seng Giap Marcus Ang

Objectives

Informal carers are an integral part of any health care system. However, provision of informal care is associated with caregiver burden and decreased wellbeing. Mindfulness programs can reduce caregiving burden and improve wellbeing among informal carers, but they face challenges when participating in face-to-face programs. Studies have explored the effects of online delivery of mindfulness programs for informal carers. However, the enablers and barriers for participation are not well understood. This review aimed to synthesise the evidence and provide a comprehensive understanding of the enablers and barriers to participation in online mindfulness programs among this population.

Methods

A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute mixed-methods systematic review approach and using eight databases. All empirical studies published in English and involving informal carers aged over 18 years were included. Critical appraisal was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Thematic analysis was conducted to integrate the data.

Results

Nine studies were included: three quantitative, two qualitative, and four mixed methods. Three subthemes for enablers and barriers were developed. Three subthemes for enablers included self-motivation, positive experience of mindfulness, and program structure and delivery. Three subthemes for barriers included lack of self-motivation, external factors preventing participation, and program structure and delivery. The enablers and barriers were interrelated within and across the identified themes.

Conclusions

A comprehensive synthesis of current evidence was provided for consideration when developing online mindfulness-based interventions for informal carers. Further investigation is recommended, particularly in relation to the enablers and barriers to engagement by informal carers.

Preregistration

The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023409311).

目标非正规护理人员是任何医疗保健系统不可或缺的一部分。然而,提供非正规护理与护理人员的负担和幸福感下降有关。正念项目可以减轻非正式照护者的照护负担并提高他们的幸福感,但他们在参加面对面的项目时却面临着挑战。有研究探讨了为非正式照护者提供在线正念计划的效果。然而,人们对参与的促进因素和障碍还不甚了解。本综述旨在综合相关证据,全面了解非正规照顾者参与在线正念课程的有利因素和障碍。方法 按照乔安娜-布里格斯研究所(Joanna Briggs Institute)的混合方法系统综述方法,使用八个数据库进行了混合方法系统综述。所有以英语发表的、涉及 18 岁以上非正式照护者的实证研究均被纳入其中。使用混合方法评估工具进行批判性评估。结果共纳入九项研究:三项定量研究、两项定性研究和四项混合方法研究。为促进因素和障碍制定了三个次主题。三个促进因素子主题包括自我激励、正念的积极体验以及计划的结构和实施。三个障碍子主题包括缺乏自我激励、阻碍参与的外部因素以及计划结构和实施。结论 我们对当前的证据进行了全面综合,供非正式照顾者在开发基于正念的在线干预时参考。建议开展进一步调查,特别是有关非正式照护者参与的促进因素和障碍的调查。
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引用次数: 0
Associations Between Chronic Stress, Attention, Working Memory, and Mindful Acceptance in the Context of Monitor and Acceptance Theory: A Direct Replication and Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study 监控和接受理论背景下慢性压力、注意力、工作记忆和正念接受之间的关联:直接复制和探索性横断面研究
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02376-9
Francesco Saldarini, Kaho Yamasaki, Hiromitsu Miyata

Objectives

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) can reduce chronic stress, but their therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. MBIs may train monitor (i.e., attention) and acceptance skills that have been impaired by chronic stress exposure, and the interaction between these skills might lead to chronic stress reduction. In the present study, we aimed at directly replicating one of the few existing studies that tested these hypotheses. Moreover, we explored the hypothesis that working memory capacity is negatively associated with chronic stress and that the association between working memory capacity and chronic stress is moderated by acceptance. To increase the generalisability of the results of this line of research, we obtained our sample from the Japanese population.

Method

Eighty-five adults participated in the study and completed self-reported chronic stress and mindful acceptance questionnaires, and attention and working memory behavioural tasks.

Results

The results revealed that chronic stress was significantly associated with lower acceptance, but not with monitor or working memory capacity. The interaction between acceptance and monitor or working memory measures was not significantly associated with chronic stress levels.

Conclusions

Our results almost exactly replicated the findings of the original study, provide limited support to the hypotheses, and suggest that acceptance, but not monitoring, may be a key mechanism of the therapeutic effects of MBIs. Future independent direct replication studies of this line of research or randomised-controlled trials testing other theory-driven research hypotheses are encouraged.

Preregistration

This study was pre-registered at AsPredicted.org (https://aspredicted.org/DS9_4CZ).

目标正念干预(MBI)可以减轻慢性压力,但其治疗机制仍不清楚。正念干预可能会训练因长期压力暴露而受损的监测(即注意力)和接受技能,而这些技能之间的相互作用可能会导致慢性压力的减轻。在本研究中,我们旨在直接复制现有的少数几项测试这些假设的研究之一。此外,我们还探讨了工作记忆能力与慢性压力呈负相关,以及工作记忆能力与慢性压力之间的关系受接受能力调节的假设。为了提高研究结果的普遍性,我们从日本人口中获得了样本。结果结果显示,慢性压力与较低的接受能力显著相关,但与监控能力或工作记忆能力无关。结论我们的结果几乎完全复制了原始研究的结果,为假设提供了有限的支持,并表明接受而非监控可能是 MBIs 治疗效果的关键机制。我们鼓励今后对这一研究方向进行独立的直接复制研究或随机对照试验,以检验其他理论驱动的研究假设。预注册本研究已在AsPredicted.org(https://aspredicted.org/DS9_4CZ)上进行了预注册。
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引用次数: 0
Self-Guided Mindfulness Reduces College Student Anxiety: A Scalable, Preregistered Pilot Study 自我引导的正念能减轻大学生的焦虑:一项可扩展的预先登记试点研究
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02364-z
Amelia D. Moser, Chiara Neilson, Elena C. Peterson, Tina Pittman Wagers, Alyssa N. Fassett-Carman, Jennifer J. Wicks, Morgan M. Taylor, Hannah R. Snyder, Roselinde H. Kaiser

Objectives

Undergraduate and graduate students have reported rising rates of anxiety that were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, possibly related to heightened intolerance of uncertainty. The present preregistered pilot study investigated whether psychoeducational wellness programs based on behavioral activation or mindfulness were associated with greater improvement in anxiety relative to a survey-only control condition over 8 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moderating or mediating effects of intolerance of uncertainty were tested.

Method

University students (n = 298) were recruited in the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic and randomly assigned to one of three groups: one of two psychoeducational wellness programs (based on mindfulness or behavioral activation, respectively) or a survey-only control. Symptoms were assessed longitudinally over 8 weeks. Analyses tested for group differences in anxiety over time, as well as the moderating effect of intolerance of uncertainty at baseline and group differences in changes in intolerance of uncertainty over time.

Results

Results showed that anxiety significantly improved across all groups (p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.18). Participants in the mindfulness psychoeducational group reported a significantly greater decline in anxiety over the 8 weeks than participants in other (survey-only control or behavioral activation-based) groups (p-values ≤ 0.04, ηp2 ≥ 0.01). Higher engagement (frequency) in either mindfulness or behavioral activation was associated with reduced anxiety (p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.25). Intolerance of uncertainty neither moderated nor mediated these effects.

Conclusions

Results suggest that scalable, psychoeducation-based programming may reduce anxiety among students, representing a promising option to augment other campus resources.

Preregistration

Analyses were preregistered on Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WX25V) following the completion of data collection; no data visualization or analysis took place prior to the analysis preregistration.

目的 大学生和研究生报告称焦虑率上升,并因 COVID-19 大流行而加剧,这可能与对不确定性的不容忍度增加有关。这项预先登记的试验性研究调查了在 COVID-19 大流行期间的 8 周内,基于行为激活或正念的心理教育健康计划是否与焦虑症的改善有更大的关联。方法在 COVID-19 大流行的最初几周招募了大学生(n = 298),并将他们随机分配到三组中的一组:两组心理教育健康计划(分别基于正念或行为激活)中的一组或仅进行调查的对照组。在8周的时间内对症状进行纵向评估。分析检验了焦虑随时间变化的组间差异,以及基线时不确定性不容忍度的调节作用和不确定性不容忍度随时间变化的组间差异。结果结果显示,所有组的焦虑都有显著改善(p < 0.01,ηp2 = 0.18)。正念心理教育组的参与者在 8 周内报告的焦虑下降幅度明显高于其他组别(仅调查对照组或基于行为激活的组别)的参与者(p 值≤ 0.04,ηp2 ≥ 0.01)。正念或行为激活的参与度(频率)越高,焦虑程度越低(p < 0.01,ηp2 = 0.25)。结论研究结果表明,可扩展的、基于心理教育的计划可以减轻学生的焦虑,是增强其他校园资源的一种有前途的选择。在完成数据收集后,在开放科学框架(https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WX25V)上进行了分析预注册;在分析预注册之前,没有进行数据可视化或分析。
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引用次数: 0
Does Mindfulness Decrease or Increase Egoic Functioning? Diverging Evidence From Different Study Designs 正念会减少还是增加自我功能?来自不同研究设计的分歧证据
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02351-4
Ivan Nyklíček, Brian D. Ostafin, Myrthe G. B. M. Boekhorst

Objectives

Mindfulness meditation has been claimed to decrease aspects of egoic functioning (EF). However, empirical evidence is largely lacking or is suggesting the reverse. Therefore, the aim was to examine the associations between mindfulness, mindfulness interventions, egoic functioning, and emotional well-being using different designs.

Method

We conducted three studies: (i) a cross-sectional study in the general population (n = 796), (ii) an experiment in a student population (n = 84) where we manipulated mindfulness meditation, and (iii) an intervention in self-enrolled individuals from the general population receiving a standard 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program (n = 165).

Results

In the cross-sectional study, most mindfulness facets showed positive (mainly with self-enhancement) or nonsignificant associations with facets of EF. In the experiment, participants in the mindfulness meditation (vs. control) condition exhibited lower self-enhancement of positive characteristics. In the intervention, some aspects of EF decreased (e.g. demanding control), whereas some increased (e.g. refusal to comply) after MBSR, and these changes correlated meaningfully with changes in self-reported mindfulness and well-being.

Conclusions

The results suggest that aspects of EF are differentially associated with aspects of self-reported mindfulness and differentially respond to a brief mindfulness manipulation and an 8-week MBSR intervention. We formulated two dimensions on which various relevant self-concept constructs may be positioned: competition-based versus compassion-based.

Preregistration

The studies are not preregistered.

目的正念冥想被认为可以降低自我功能(EF)的各个方面。然而,实证证据大多缺乏或显示相反的情况。因此,我们希望通过不同的设计来研究正念、正念干预、自我功能和情绪幸福之间的关联。方法我们进行了三项研究:(i) 在普通人群中进行横断面研究(n = 796);(ii) 在学生人群中进行实验(n = 84),对正念冥想进行操作;(iii) 在普通人群中对自我注册的个人进行干预,接受为期 8 周的标准正念减压(MBSR)计划(n = 165)。在实验中,正念冥想(与对照组相比)条件下的参与者对积极特征的自我提升程度较低。在干预中,正念冥想后EF的某些方面有所下降(如要求控制),而某些方面有所上升(如拒绝服从),这些变化与自我报告的正念和幸福感的变化相关。我们提出了两个维度,各种相关的自我概念建构可以在这两个维度上进行定位:基于竞争的自我概念建构和基于同情心的自我概念建构。
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引用次数: 0
Are Subjective Benefits of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Related to Changes in Cardiac and Cortical Responses to a Stress Task? 正念减压的主观益处与压力任务中心脏和皮层反应的变化有关吗?
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02358-x
Ivan Nyklíček, Geert J. M. van Boxtel, Loek J. van der Donk, Willem J. Kop, Paul Lodder

Objectives

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has been shown to decrease general feelings of distress. It is not known to what extent such beneficial effects are associated with attenuation of physiological responses to challenging psychological situations. The aim of the present study was to examine potential associations between general decreases in subjective distress and changes in acute cardiac and cortical responses during recall of a recent stressful episode between pre- and post-MBSR.

Method

Fifty-eight MBSR participants (77.6% female, mean age 43.8 years, SD = 13.1) took part in a laboratory examination before and after MBSR. Measurements of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were performed during the whole protocol including the stress recall task.

Results

The MBSR group showed overall decreases in general negative affect and an increase in heart rate variability from pre- to post-intervention. Out of six physiological outcomes (heart rate, heart rate variability, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma power at Fz), only a decreased response of gamma power during the stress task was significant. The subjective and physiological changes were unrelated.

Conclusions

The present results suggest that the favourable effects of MBSR on general stress reduction may not be clearly reflected in cortical electrical wave activity or vagal cardiac response during recall of a recent stressful episode. The few changes found in cardiac and cortical activity may be due to either effects independent of general subjective feelings or independent of the intervention altogether.

Preregistration

The study is not preregistered.

目的基于正念的减压疗法(MBSR)已被证明可以减少一般的痛苦感。目前还不清楚这种有益效果在多大程度上与减轻对具有挑战性的心理状况的生理反应有关。本研究旨在探讨主观痛苦感的普遍减轻与 MBSR 前和 MBSR 后回忆近期压力事件时急性心脏和大脑皮层反应的变化之间的潜在关联。结果MBSR组从干预前到干预后的总体消极情绪下降,心率变异性增加。在六项生理结果(心率、心率变异性、θ、α、β和γ在Fz处的功率)中,只有γ功率在压力任务中的下降具有显著性。本研究结果表明,在回忆最近的压力事件时,皮层电波活动或迷走神经心脏反应可能并不能清楚地反映出 MBSR 对减轻一般压力的有利影响。在心脏和皮层活动中发现的少数变化可能是由于独立于一般主观感受的影响或独立于干预措施的影响。
{"title":"Are Subjective Benefits of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Related to Changes in Cardiac and Cortical Responses to a Stress Task?","authors":"Ivan Nyklíček, Geert J. M. van Boxtel, Loek J. van der Donk, Willem J. Kop, Paul Lodder","doi":"10.1007/s12671-024-02358-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02358-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has been shown to decrease general feelings of distress. It is not known to what extent such beneficial effects are associated with attenuation of physiological responses to challenging psychological situations. The aim of the present study was to examine potential associations between general decreases in subjective distress and changes in acute cardiac and cortical responses during recall of a recent stressful episode between pre- and post-MBSR.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>Fifty-eight MBSR participants (77.6% female, mean age 43.8 years, <i>SD</i> = 13.1) took part in a laboratory examination before and after MBSR. Measurements of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were performed during the whole protocol including the stress recall task.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The MBSR group showed overall decreases in general negative affect and an increase in heart rate variability from pre- to post-intervention. Out of six physiological outcomes (heart rate, heart rate variability, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma power at Fz), only a decreased response of gamma power during the stress task was significant. The subjective and physiological changes were unrelated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The present results suggest that the favourable effects of MBSR on general stress reduction may not be clearly reflected in cortical electrical wave activity or vagal cardiac response during recall of a recent stressful episode. The few changes found in cardiac and cortical activity may be due to either effects independent of general subjective feelings or independent of the intervention altogether.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Preregistration</h3><p>The study is not preregistered.</p>","PeriodicalId":18523,"journal":{"name":"Mindfulness","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurophenomenology in Action: Integrating the First-Person Perspective into the Libet Experiment 行动中的神经现象学:将第一人称视角融入利贝特实验
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02368-9
Stefan Schmidt, Prisca R. Bauer, Fynn-Mathis Trautwein

In this conceptual contribution, we argue that experimental investigations of phenomena in the cognitive sciences and consciousness research may benefit from a thorough integration of data acquired from the first-person perspective. We present a line of research from our lab applying this approach to the Libet task on voluntary action. In this well-known experimental paradigm, participants perform a movement at a moment of their own choice. Previous research has shown that this voluntary decision to perform the action is preceded by a specific pattern in the electroencephalogram, the so-called readiness potential. This finding that the decision is preceded (and presumably determined) by an action-related brain processes puts the neuroscientific account at odds with our subjective intuition and challenges the notion of free will. This discrepancy exemplifies the gap between neuro-cognitive models of the mind and the accounts of our conscious experience. The aim of our theoretical proposal is to enrich the study of volitional action by integrating reports from the first-person perspective with the Libet paradigm to develop a more coherent account. This provides an example of implementing the research program of neurophenomenology developed by Francisco Varela to overcome the gap between scientific accounts of the mind and subjective experience. Specifically, we show how this can be achieved by interweaving three methodological approaches: (i) adapting common neuro-cognitive paradigms (i.e., the Libet task); (ii) employing refined first-person methods such as the micro-phenomenological interview; and (iii) collaborating with experienced meditators as research participants. Our contribution demonstrates how the neurophenomenological framework can be used to shed new light on long-standing and fundamental debates in consciousness research. We show that this approach not only addresses questions of intellectual curiosity but also has concrete ethical implications for the practice of science itself, self-determination, and the accountability of the conscious subject. On the basis of our approach, meditation can be seen as a method for enhancing self-regulation and self-determination, which allows for more deliberate decisions and thus more ethical behavior.

在这一概念性贡献中,我们认为,对认知科学和意识研究中的现象进行实验调查,可能会受益于从第一人称视角获取的数据的全面整合。我们介绍了我们实验室将这一方法应用于自愿行动利贝特任务的一系列研究。在这个著名的实验范式中,参与者在自己选择的时刻做出一个动作。之前的研究表明,在做出这个自愿动作的决定之前,脑电图中会出现一种特定的模式,即所谓的准备电位。这一发现表明,在做出决定之前(并可能由与行动相关的大脑过程决定),神经科学的解释与我们的主观直觉相悖,并对自由意志的概念提出了挑战。这种差异体现了心灵的神经认知模型与我们的意识体验之间的差距。我们的理论建议旨在通过将第一人称视角的报告与利贝特范式相结合来丰富对意志行动的研究,从而形成一个更加连贯的解释。这为实施弗朗西斯科-瓦雷拉(Francisco Varela)提出的神经现象学研究计划提供了一个范例,以克服心灵科学描述与主观体验之间的差距。具体而言,我们展示了如何通过三种方法论方法的交织来实现这一目标:(i) 调整常见的神经认知范式(即利贝特任务);(ii) 采用精致的第一人称方法,如微现象学访谈;(iii) 与经验丰富的冥想者合作作为研究参与者。我们的贡献展示了如何利用神经现象学框架为意识研究中长期存在的基本争论带来新的启示。我们表明,这种方法不仅能解决求知欲的问题,还能对科学实践本身、自我决定和意识主体的责任产生具体的伦理影响。根据我们的方法,冥想可以被视为一种加强自我调节和自我决定的方法,它可以让我们做出更深思熟虑的决定,从而让我们的行为更符合道德规范。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanisms of Mindfulness: A Longitudinal Study of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program 正念的机制:基于正念的减压计划纵向研究
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02359-w
Karen M. Davis, Curtis M. Wojcik, Andrew J. Baillie, Elizabeth Foley, Timothea Goddard, Mark A. Lau, Emily A. P. Haigh

Objectives

This study sought to identify the temporal order in which mindfulness facets develop during Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and the effect of early changes on later changes in these facets and their relation to changes in depression, anxiety, and stress.

Methods

This longitudinal study of 147 adults participating in a MBSR program examined relationships between components of mindfulness, self-compassion and measures of depression, anxiety, and stress. Self-report measures were administered pre-course, mid-course, end-of-course, and 3-months post-course.

Results

Initial improvements in decentering, non-reactivity, and self-compassion were observed early in the MBSR course (p-values < 0.05), followed by later changes in observing, acting with awareness, and nonjudging. Bivariate latent growth curve modelling suggested changes in the mindfulness components of decentering and nonreactivity coincided with decreases in anxiety and stress (p-values < 0.05). However, in a path analysis, changes in self-compassion appeared to uniquely contribute to changes in depression and anxiety, over and above the effects of other mindfulness components (p-values < 0.05). These changes in self-compassion were associated with simultaneous and precursory change in non-reactivity and non-judgment.

Conclusions

These findings elucidate the possible temporal order of change in mindfulness facets through MBSR. Self-compassion may be a prominent mechanism of change in the MBSR program, along with non-reactivity and decentering. However, additional longitudinal research is needed with alternate model specifications to confirm the proximal role of self-compassion in longitudinal symptom change. Results are tempered by a relatively short period of longitudinal observation with a possible nonresponse bias.

Preregistration

Because the trial was conceived prior to 2009, pre-registration was not possible. However, the trial was registered on anzctr.org.au after data collection and analysis. [Title: “Mechanisms of mindfulness: A longitudinal observational study of the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on depression, anxiety, and stress among participants in a MBSR program”, Identifier: ACTRN12623000485639].

目的本研究旨在确定正念减压(MBSR)过程中正念各方面发展的时间顺序,以及早期变化对这些方面后期变化的影响及其与抑郁、焦虑和压力变化之间的关系。方法本纵向研究对参加 MBSR 课程的 147 名成年人进行了研究,考察了正念、自我同情与抑郁、焦虑和压力测量之间的关系。结果在 MBSR 课程的早期,观察到了去中心化、非反应性和自我同情方面的初步改善(p 值为 0.05),随后观察、觉察行动和非评判方面也发生了变化。双变量潜增长曲线模型表明,正念的去中心化和非反应性部分的变化与焦虑和压力的减少相吻合(p 值等于或小于 0.05)。然而,在路径分析中,自我同情的变化似乎对抑郁和焦虑的变化有独特的促进作用,超过了其他正念成分的影响(p 值等于或小于 0.05)。自我同情的这些变化与非反应性和非评判性的同时和先兆变化相关。自我同情可能是 MBSR 项目中一个突出的变化机制,此外还有非反应性和去中心化。不过,还需要进行更多的纵向研究,使用其他模型规格来确认自我同情在纵向症状变化中的近端作用。由于纵向观察的时间相对较短,可能会出现无应答偏差,因此研究结果会受到影响。不过,在数据收集和分析之后,该试验已在 anzctr.org.au 上注册。[标题:"正念的机制:正念减压(MBSR)对正念减压项目参与者抑郁、焦虑和压力影响的纵向观察研究",Identifier:ACTRN12623000485639].
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引用次数: 0
Bested by the Buddha: Does Ancient Theory Outperform Modern-Day Psychology for Habit Change and Addiction Treatment? 被佛祖打败了:在改变习惯和戒除毒瘾方面,古代理论是否胜过现代心理学?
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02361-2
Judson A. Brewer

Changing behavior has been a challenge for thousands of years. This issue has been exacerbated in modern times as substances (e.g., drugs and food) are becoming increasingly refined and tweaked to increase their addictive potential. Behavioral addictions have also come to the fore as advances in neuroscience have made it possible for companies to pinpoint and advertise “pain points” in society (e.g., physical and emotional pain, boredom, social comparison), offering distraction and escape as relief in various forms ranging from video games to social media. And in an age of relative abundance and availability, even food is engineered and designed for overconsumption, leading to overeating, overweight/obesity, and poor mental and physical health. Modern solutions (e.g., Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) have failed to adequately address our collective “bad” habits and addictions as overeating, anxiety, and addiction continue to increase. Over the past several decades, ancient Buddhist theories that directly target reinforcement learning have begun to be tested in research and clinical settings. In this commentary, I give a brief first-person historical account of the merging of Buddhist theory, clinical practice, and research that suggests that such approaches could offer more effective strategies for improving health outcomes compared to current treatment paradigms that focus on cognitive restructuring and willpower.

几千年来,改变行为一直是个难题。随着物质(如毒品和食物)日益精制和改良以增加其成瘾潜力,这一问题在现代变得更加严重。随着神经科学的进步,企业可以准确定位社会的 "痛点"(如身体和情感上的痛苦、无聊、社会比较)并进行宣传,通过从电子游戏到社交媒体等各种形式来分散注意力和逃避现实,行为成瘾也随之凸显出来。在一个相对丰富和可获得性的时代,甚至连食物都是为过度消费而设计和制造的,从而导致暴饮暴食、超重/肥胖以及不良的身心健康。现代解决方案(如认知行为疗法)未能充分解决我们的集体 "坏 "习惯和成瘾问题,因为暴饮暴食、焦虑和成瘾现象仍在继续增加。过去几十年来,直接针对强化学习的古老佛教理论开始在研究和临床环境中得到验证。在这篇评论中,我以第一人称简述了佛教理论、临床实践和研究相结合的历史,这些研究表明,与目前注重认知重组和意志力的治疗范式相比,这种方法可以提供更有效的策略来改善健康状况。
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引用次数: 0
The Relationship Between Mindfulness and Impulsivity: The Role of Meditation 正念与冲动之间的关系:冥想的作用
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02371-0
Rotem Leshem, Or Catz, Ayelet Nave

Objectives

Mindfulness and impulsivity traits are considered to be important aspects of mental well-being and health. These traits are often seen as opposing concepts, yet the nature of the relationship between them is unclear, mainly because they are complex to define. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between impulsivity and mindfulness, taking into account the impact of mindfulness meditation experience on this connection.

Method

A total of 174 mentally and physically healthy young adults were assigned to either a non-meditation group or a meditation group based on their experience in meditation practices. Participants completed self-report scales to evaluate their impulsivity and mindfulness traits.

Results

Trait impulsivity scales and dysfunctional impulsivity were negatively correlated with trait mindfulness, while functional impulsivity was positively correlated with trait mindfulness. While meditation practice significantly predicted trait mindfulness, its moderating effect on the relationship between impulsivity and mindfulness was limited.

Conclusions

The varying relationship between impulsivity subscales and trait mindfulness, together with the relatively limited association between meditation practice and these personality traits, emphasizes the importance of considering different aspects of impulsivity and acknowledging how individual differences affect the relationship between impulsivity and mindfulness.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.

目标正念和冲动特征被认为是心理健康的重要方面。这些特质通常被视为对立的概念,但它们之间关系的性质并不明确,这主要是因为它们的定义很复杂。本研究旨在调查冲动与正念之间的关系,同时考虑到正念冥想经验对这种关系的影响。方法:根据参与者的冥想实践经验,将174名身心健康的年轻人分配到非冥想组或冥想组。结果特质冲动量表和功能性冲动与特质正念呈负相关,而功能性冲动与特质正念呈正相关。结论冲动性子量表与正念之间的不同关系,以及冥想练习与这些人格特质之间相对有限的关联,强调了考虑冲动性的不同方面以及承认个体差异如何影响冲动性与正念之间关系的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
An 8-Week Online Body Scan Meditation Intervention for Tinnitus: Accessibility, Adherence, and Rates of Clinically Meaningful Success 为期 8 周的耳鸣在线身体扫描冥想干预:可及性、坚持性和有临床意义的成功率
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02357-y
James G. Jackson, Chloe D. Woolmer

Objectives

Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of an external source and is experienced by up to 15% of the general population. There are many causes of tinnitus, but no cure is currently available. It has significant comorbidities with clinical anxiety, depression, and insomnia, and degrades quality of life in 1–2% of society at large. Currently, psychological interventions are the best way forward in assisting tinnitus habituation, but treatment availability and suitable experience to deliver such interventions are limited.

Methods

One hundred five individuals with chronic tinnitus took part in this study. An 8-week programme of guided online meditations focused on mindfulness was compared with a waiting list control group. Intervention outcomes were assessed by changes to tinnitus distress (Tinnitus Functional Index), tinnitus cognitions (Tinnitus Cognitions Questionnaire), and mindful awareness (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale).

Results

As hypothesised, the online intervention saw clinically meaningful reductions in tinnitus distress for 30% of our sample (16 participants). Furthermore, the intervention saw significant increases in mindful awareness and significant reductions in negative thoughts about tinnitus, when compared with waiting list controls. There were no significant changes in positive thoughts about tinnitus. Twenty-one participants failed to complete the study and were considered “no change” as per intention-to-treat (ITT) paradigms.

Conclusions

In the absence of accessible psychological interventions, online mindfulness programmes including body scans are recommended for individuals with tinnitus as an effective and low-cost self-help tool. Reductions in negative thoughts around tinnitus are considered key to living alongside the condition (i.e. tinnitus habituation). Suggestions are made for improving future adherence rates, including recommendations for investigation in conjunction with other interventions.

目的耳鸣是在没有外部声源的情况下对声音的感知,多达 15%的普通人群都会有这种感觉。耳鸣的原因有很多,但目前尚无根治方法。耳鸣与临床焦虑、抑郁和失眠有明显的并发症,有 1%-2%的社会大众会因此降低生活质量。目前,心理干预是帮助耳鸣患者习惯性耳鸣的最佳方法,但治疗方法的可用性和提供此类干预的合适经验都很有限。这项研究将为期 8 周、以正念为重点的在线冥想指导计划与等待名单对照组进行比较。干预结果通过耳鸣困扰(耳鸣功能指数)、耳鸣认知(耳鸣认知问卷)和正念意识(正念注意力意识量表)的变化进行评估。 结果正如假设的那样,在线干预使我们样本中 30% 的患者(16 名参与者)的耳鸣困扰得到了有临床意义的缓解。此外,与等待名单对照组相比,干预效果显著提高了正念意识,并显著减少了对耳鸣的消极想法。对耳鸣的积极想法没有明显变化。21名参与者未能完成研究,根据意向治疗(ITT)范例被视为 "无变化"。减少对耳鸣的负面想法被认为是与耳鸣共存的关键(即耳鸣习惯化)。为提高今后的坚持率提出了建议,包括与其他干预措施相结合进行调查的建议。
{"title":"An 8-Week Online Body Scan Meditation Intervention for Tinnitus: Accessibility, Adherence, and Rates of Clinically Meaningful Success","authors":"James G. Jackson, Chloe D. Woolmer","doi":"10.1007/s12671-024-02357-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02357-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objectives</h3><p>Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of an external source and is experienced by up to 15% of the general population. There are many causes of tinnitus, but no cure is currently available. It has significant comorbidities with clinical anxiety, depression, and insomnia, and degrades quality of life in 1–2% of society at large. Currently, psychological interventions are the best way forward in assisting tinnitus habituation, but treatment availability and suitable experience to deliver such interventions are limited.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>One hundred five individuals with chronic tinnitus took part in this study. An 8-week programme of guided online meditations focused on mindfulness was compared with a waiting list control group. Intervention outcomes were assessed by changes to tinnitus distress (Tinnitus Functional Index), tinnitus cognitions (Tinnitus Cognitions Questionnaire), and mindful awareness (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>As hypothesised, the online intervention saw clinically meaningful reductions in tinnitus distress for 30% of our sample (16 participants). Furthermore, the intervention saw significant increases in mindful awareness and significant reductions in negative thoughts about tinnitus, when compared with waiting list controls. There were no significant changes in positive thoughts about tinnitus. Twenty-one participants failed to complete the study and were considered “no change” as per intention-to-treat (ITT) paradigms.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>In the absence of accessible psychological interventions, online mindfulness programmes including body scans are recommended for individuals with tinnitus as an effective and low-cost self-help tool. Reductions in negative thoughts around tinnitus are considered key to living alongside the condition (i.e. tinnitus habituation). Suggestions are made for improving future adherence rates, including recommendations for investigation in conjunction with other interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18523,"journal":{"name":"Mindfulness","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140942583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Mindfulness
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