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Hug Mudra for Mindful Breathing 拥抱式呼吸法
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02422-6
Seong-Hun Jo, Eunsu Lee
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引用次数: 0
A Pilot Feasibility Trial of Mind–Body Tactical Training for Firefighters: Evaluation of a Yoga-Based Transdiagnostic Program 消防员身心战术训练试点可行性试验:对基于瑜伽的跨诊断计划的评估
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02419-1
Amanda J. Weathers-Meyer, Adam C. Lowe, Shelby J. McGrew, Nolynn E. Sutherland, Celeste M. G. Yann, Robbie A. Beyl, Anka A. Vujanovic

Objectives

Firefighters are at heightened risk for chronic occupational stress and exposure to potentially traumatic events. Experiencing potentially traumatic events is a risk factor for various psychiatric symptoms among firefighters, notably posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. This study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of yoga to reduce PTSD symptoms, negative affect, and trait anxiety in firefighters.

Methods

A total of 108 trauma-exposed career firefighters (99% male; Mage = 34.55, SD = 8.37) were enrolled in a single-arm 8-week yoga intervention, termed Mind–Body Tactical Training (MBTT). Feasibility was assessed in five domains. Self-report measures were used to evaluate the MBTT intervention’s effectiveness in reducing symptoms of PTSD, negative affect, and trait anxiety. The Intervention Appropriateness Measure was employed to assess acceptability. Attrition, attendance, and intervention costs were used to determine demand, implementation, and practicality, respectively.

Results

Total PTSD (p < 0.001, d = 0.426), negative affect (p = 0.029, d = 0.242), and trait anxiety (p < 0.001, d = 0.327) decreased from pre- to post-intervention. Improvements in trait anxiety were also observed from pre-intervention to follow-up (p = 0.032). The intervention was generally acceptable to participants, had a 6.48% attrition rate, and had an 80.73 ± 18.96% class attendance. The cost of instructors and equipment totaled US$6636.78, equating to a cost per participant per attended class of US$4.76.

Conclusions

The current study provides initial evidence for the feasibility and effectiveness of yoga as a transdiagnostic treatment for firefighters.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.

目标消防员面临长期职业压力和潜在创伤事件的风险较高。经历潜在创伤事件是消防员出现各种精神症状的风险因素,尤其是创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)、抑郁和焦虑。本研究评估了瑜伽减少消防员创伤后应激障碍症状、负面情绪和特质焦虑的可行性和初步有效性。方法共有 108 名遭受创伤的职业消防员(99% 为男性;Mage = 34.55,SD = 8.37)参加了为期 8 周的单臂瑜伽干预,称为身心战术训练(MBTT)。可行性评估包括五个方面。自我报告测量用于评估 MBTT 干预在减少创伤后应激障碍症状、负面情绪和特质焦虑方面的有效性。干预适宜性测量法用于评估可接受性。结果创伤后应激障碍(p < 0.001,d = 0.426)、负性情绪(p = 0.029,d = 0.242)和特质焦虑(p < 0.001,d = 0.327)从干预前到干预后都有所减轻。从干预前到干预后,特质焦虑也有所改善(p = 0.032)。参与者普遍接受了干预措施,自然减员率为 6.48%,课堂出勤率为 80.73 ± 18.96%。本研究为瑜伽作为消防员跨诊断治疗的可行性和有效性提供了初步证据。
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引用次数: 0
Pattern Theory of Selflessness: How Meditation May Transform the Self-Pattern 无私的模式理论:冥想如何改变自我模式
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02418-2
Aviva Berkovich-Ohana, Kirk Warren Brown, Shaun Gallagher, Henk Barendregt, Prisca Bauer, Fabio Giommi, Ivan Nyklíček, Brian Ostafin, Antonino Raffone, Heleen A. Slagter, Fynn-Mathis Trautwein, David Vago, Ajahn Amaro

For many centuries, scholars and philosophers from wisdom traditions in different cultures have reported and discussed non-self states of consciousness. These states can be both short-term (state, transitory) and long-term (trait, lasting) conditions. However, in psychology, the importance of a healthy self is usually emphasized, and some theorists have dismissed the idea of “selfless” modes of functioning. This disagreement hinders further empirical progress in the study of self and the way it might be affected by meditation. This paper addresses this issue by providing an interdisciplinary conceptual discussion, grounded in the pattern theory of self (PTS). According to PTS, what we call “self” is a complex pattern of dynamically related constituent processes, which include embodied, experiential (prereflective), affective, psychological/cognitive, reflective, narrative, intersubjective, ecological, and normative processes. We propose that Buddhist and secular meditative practices induce a reorganization of the self-pattern, allowing individuals to experience a “selfless” state, both temporarily and persistently. We then put forward a heuristic model, the pattern theory of selflessness (PTSL), possibly experienced through meditation practices. The proposed PTSL model consists of six transformations that contribute to self-pattern reorganization in a nonlinear and iterative manner: consolidating and integrating the self-pattern; cultivating concentration and present-moment awareness; cultivating mindful awareness; self-deconstruction (non-self) states; self-flexibility; and self-liberation as a trait. This conceptual analysis and integrative view contributes to the growing field of consciousness and contemplative research by advancing the contemporary understanding of non-self experience and its relation to Buddhist and secular meditation. The proposed model serves as a basis for interdisciplinary efforts to guide empirical research in this area.

许多世纪以来,来自不同文化智慧传统的学者和哲学家们一直在报告和讨论非我的意识状态。这些状态既可以是短期的(状态,短暂的),也可以是长期的(特质,持久的)。然而,心理学通常强调健康自我的重要性,一些理论家否定了 "无我 "运作模式的观点。这种分歧阻碍了对自我及其可能受冥想影响的方式的研究取得进一步的实证进展。本文以 "自我模式理论"(PTS)为基础,通过跨学科的概念讨论来解决这一问题。根据自我模式理论,我们所谓的 "自我 "是一种由动态相关的组成过程构成的复杂模式,其中包括体现过程、体验过程(前反思过程)、情感过程、心理/认知过程、反思过程、叙述过程、主体间过程、生态过程和规范过程。我们提出,佛教和世俗的冥想实践会诱发自我模式的重组,让个人暂时或持续地体验到 "无私 "的状态。然后,我们提出了一个启发式模型,即可能通过冥想练习体验到的无私模式理论(PTSL)。所提出的无我模式理论模型由六个转变组成,这六个转变以非线性和迭代的方式促进了自我模式的重组:巩固和整合自我模式;培养专注力和当下意识;培养正念意识;自我解构(无我)状态;自我灵活性;以及作为一种特质的自我解放。这一概念性分析和综合观点推进了当代对非我体验及其与佛教和世俗冥想的关系的理解,从而为不断发展的意识和冥想研究领域做出了贡献。所提出的模型可作为指导该领域实证研究的跨学科基础。
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引用次数: 0
Psychometric Properties of the Mindfulness in Teaching Scale in a Sample of Iranian Teachers: Insight from a Network Analysis Approach 伊朗教师样本中教学正念量表的心理计量特性:网络分析方法的启示
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02428-0
Fatemeh Azadi, Shohreh Dayri, Alireza Kordbagheri, Mohammadreza Kordbagheri

Objectives

The Mindfulness in Teaching Scale was developed to assess intrapersonal and interpersonal mindfulness in elementary school teachers, both being key attributes for successful teaching. While the scale has been widely validated, it has not yet been validated with Iranian teachers. The present study sought to translate and validate the Mindfulness in Teaching Scale for Iranian Teachers (MTS-IT).

Methods

A total of 890 Iranian teachers, selected through random sampling, participated in this cross-sectional study. The construct validity of the MTS-IT was evaluated using exploratory analysis and confirmatory factor analyses. The reliability was examined, including internal consistency and stability for MTS-IT, convergent and discriminant validity, measurement invariance across gender, teaching years, and education level taught, and measurement stability. Finally, Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) was used to estimate the dimensional structure of the MTS-IT.

Results

Construct validity and network analysis confirmed the 2-factor structure of MTS-IT among Iranian teachers. This model remained invariant across gender, teaching years, and education levels taught. The reliability and convergent and discriminant validity values were good in both dimensions. MTS-IT subscales showed positive correlations with scores on mindfulness inclination, positive emotions, and self-compassion scales while demonstrating negative correlations with job burnout, negative emotions, and feelings of loneliness (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The validated MTS-IT provides a valuable instrument for teacher training programs and interventions aimed at enhancing mindfulness among Iranian teachers. Teacher training programs can use the MTS-IT to identify teachers who may benefit from additional mindfulness support, allowing for the design of targeted interventions to improve intrapersonal and interpersonal mindfulness.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.

教学正念量表旨在评估小学教师的个人正念和人际正念,这两者都是成功教学的关键属性。虽然该量表已得到广泛验证,但尚未在伊朗教师中得到验证。本研究试图翻译并验证伊朗教师教学正念量表(MTS-IT)。方法通过随机抽样共选取了 890 名伊朗教师参与这项横断面研究。采用探索性分析和确认性因素分析评估了 MTS-IT 的建构效度。研究还考察了信度,包括 MTS-IT 的内部一致性和稳定性、收敛效度和区分效度、不同性别、教龄和所教教育程度的测量不变性以及测量稳定性。结果结构效度和网络分析证实了伊朗教师 MTS-IT 的双因素结构。该模型在不同性别、教龄和教育水平的教师中保持不变。两个维度的信度、收敛效度和判别效度都很好。MTS-IT 分量表与正念倾向、积极情绪和自我同情量表的得分呈正相关,而与工作倦怠、消极情绪和孤独感呈负相关(p < 0.001)。教师培训项目可以利用 MTS-IT 来识别那些可能从额外的正念支持中受益的教师,从而设计出有针对性的干预措施来改善教师个人和人际间的正念。
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引用次数: 0
Reducing Suicide Ideation in Transgender Adolescents with Mindful Self-Compassion: An Open Trial 用心灵上的自我同情减少变性青少年的自杀念头:公开试验
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02421-7
Karen Bluth, Ani Bryce, Christine R. Lathren, Jinyoung Park, Samantha Pflum, Matthew Clayton

Objectives

This open trial aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability of a modified version of Mindful Self-Compassion for Teens for transgender adolescents and assess changes in suicide ideation and other measures of emotional well-being. As an exploratory measure, we investigated potential moderators of suicide ideation outcomes, such as self-compassion.

Method

Two cohorts of transgender and gender-diverse adolescents recruited from the US and Canada (n = 35; age range 13–17, M = 14.9, SD = 1.19) participated in an eight-session online self-compassion program. Quantitative measures of wellbeing (i.e., suicide ideation, depression, resilience) were collected at baseline, post-intervention, and 2-month follow-up, and qualitative data (through open-ended questions on an electronic form) were collected at post-intervention and 2-month follow-up.

Results

Suicide ideation decreased with large effect sizes from baseline to follow-up, and most other measures of wellbeing improved with small to moderate effect sizes. Feasibility was confirmed, and acceptability differed markedly between cohorts, with the cohort with greater acceptability improving in mental health attributes to a greater degree. Self-compassion and thwarted belongingness, a factor related to suicide ideation, moderated suicide ideation such that those with greater self-compassion or less thwarted belongingness experienced less suicide ideation.

Conclusions

Self-compassion programs can be beneficial to help transgender adolescents manage the stressors and negative emotional outcomes arising from the anti-trans sociopolitical discourse that has been pervasive in the US. We provide recommendations for future implementations, including that someone who is transgender be part of the instructional staff. Future studies would benefit from larger sample sizes and randomized control trials to confirm the present findings.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.

目标这项开放性试验旨在确定变性青少年对《青少年心灵自怜》修订版的可行性和可接受性,并评估自杀意念的变化和其他情绪健康指标。作为一项探索性措施,我们调查了自杀意念结果的潜在调节因素,如自我同情。方法从美国和加拿大招募的两组变性和性别多元化青少年(n = 35;年龄范围为 13-17 岁,M = 14.9,SD = 1.19)参加了一个为期八节的在线自我同情项目。在基线、干预后和两个月的随访中收集了幸福感的定量指标(即自杀意念、抑郁、复原力),在干预后和两个月的随访中收集了定性数据(通过电子表格上的开放式问题)。可行性得到了证实,不同组群之间的可接受性存在明显差异,可接受性较高的组群在心理健康属性方面的改善程度更高。自我同情和挫败归属感是与自杀意念相关的因素,它们对自杀意念有调节作用,因此自我同情较强或挫败归属感较低的人自杀意念较少。结论自我同情项目可以帮助变性青少年应对美国普遍存在的反变性社会政治言论所带来的压力和负面情绪结果。我们为今后的实施提供了建议,包括让变性人成为教学人员的一部分。未来的研究将受益于更大的样本量和随机对照试验,以证实目前的研究结果。
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引用次数: 0
Embodied Minds: An Embodied Cognitivist Understanding of Mindfulness in Public Health 具身心灵:体现认知主义对公共卫生中正念的理解
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02423-5
Julien Tempone-Wiltshire, Floren Matthews

In this commentary upon the article “Mindfulness in Global Health: Critical Analysis and Agenda”, we articulate how scaling mindfulness technologies as multilevel public health interventions requires the framework of embodied cognition for a scientific articulation of the nuanced dynamics of mindfulness as a therapeutic technology. Embodied cognition contends that the body and bodily activity in the world are constitutive facets of mind. Mindfulness understood in terms of its embodied, enacted, extended, and embedded dimensions describes a broad set of contemplative practices that utilize the circular structure of embodiment to intervene in the complex feedback structure of the mind–body system, influencing cycles of organismic self-regulation and enactments of self-world perception. We contend that to advance the discussion, initiated by Oman, about mindfulness in public health, attention must be given to reconceiving mind–body linkages, the nature of awareness, and the vital role of non-conceptual direct experience in mindfulness interventions. This provides grounds for reconceiving mindfulness as a skillful mode of embodied social cognition and for recognizing diverse cross-cultural contemplative technologies as useful for adapting mindfulness-based interventions to specific populations needs. We also arrive at a novel model of the decentering skills fostered through mindfulness via non-conceptual attention to the processes underlying cognition. It also models mindfulness-based exposure therapy, understood not behaviorally, but through insights generated via intentionally orienting towards internal representation in order to uncover habituated patterns by which we enact both self and world perception. In this way, we may better articulate the nature of mindfulness and thus its effective application to population-scale problems.

在这篇对 "全球健康中的正念:批判性分析和议程 "一文的评论中,我们阐述了将正念技术作为多层次公共卫生干预措施进行推广如何需要具身认知的框架,以科学地阐明正念作为一种治疗技术的微妙动态。具身认知认为,身体和身体在世界中的活动是心智的构成方面。正念从其具身、实施、扩展和嵌入的维度来理解,描述了一系列广泛的沉思实践,这些实践利用具身的循环结构来干预身心系统的复杂反馈结构,影响有机体自我调节的循环和自我世界感知的实施。我们认为,要推动阿曼发起的关于正念在公共卫生中的应用的讨论,就必须注意重新认识身心联系、意识的本质以及非概念性直接经验在正念干预中的重要作用。这为重新认识正念作为一种体现性社会认知的技能模式,以及认识到不同的跨文化沉思技术有助于调整基于正念的干预措施以适应特定人群的需求提供了依据。我们还提出了一个新颖的模型,通过正念以非概念的方式关注认知的基础过程,从而培养去中心化的技能。它还为基于正念的暴露疗法建立了模型,这种疗法不是从行为上理解,而是通过有意识地定向于内部表征,以揭示我们形成自我和世界感知的习惯模式而产生的洞察力。通过这种方式,我们可以更好地阐明正念的本质,从而将其有效地应用于人口规模的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Mindful Mating: Testing Measurement Invariance and Associations Between Relationship Mindfulness and Relationship Quality Among White and Black Women 用心交配:测试白人和黑人女性之间的测量不变量以及人际关系正念与人际关系质量之间的联系
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02420-8
Michael Fitzgerald, Viktoria Papp, Jana Payne

Objectives

Mindfulness research has flourished over the past several decades with prominent effects on health and wellbeing. More recently, mindfulness has been expanded to interpersonal contexts, notably within couples. Relationship mindfulness, or mindfulness within the context of romantic relationships, has also demonstrated significant effects on relationship quality beyond individuals’ dispositional mindfulness. Given the novelty of relationship mindfulness, there has been little psychometric evaluation of couple-oriented mindfulness scales. The goal of the current study was to test measurement invariance of the Relationship Mindfulness Measure (RMM) as well as the Positive–Negative Relationship Quality (PNRQ) across White and Black women. The associations between relationship mindfulness and positive and negative relationship quality were subsequently examined using latent variable modeling.

Method

A sample of 393 women was recruited from two universities (Mean age White = 27.54, Mean age Black = 30.99). A multiple group confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to test measurement invariance, and latent variable structural equation modeling was used to test associations between relationship mindfulness and positive and negative relationship quality.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated configural, metric, and scalar invariance across race for both the RMM and PNRQ. Race did not affect the significant associations found between mindfulness and relationship quality.

Conclusions

The results indicate two key findings: (1) Relationship mindfulness was consistent across White and Black women, and (2) the effects of relationship mindfulness on relationship quality did not differ between Black and White women.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.

目标正念研究在过去几十年中蓬勃发展,对健康和幸福产生了显著的影响。最近,正念已扩展到人际关系中,特别是夫妻关系中。关系正念,或浪漫关系背景下的正念,也显示出对关系质量的显著影响,超越了个人的倾向性正念。鉴于关系正念的新颖性,目前还很少有针对情侣正念量表的心理测量评估。本研究的目的是测试关系正念量表(RMM)和正反关系质量量表(PNRQ)在白人和黑人女性中的测量不变性。方法从两所大学招募了 393 名女性样本(白人平均年龄为 27.54 岁,黑人平均年龄为 30.99 岁)。采用多组确认性因素分析来检验测量不变性,并采用潜变量结构方程模型来检验正念与积极和消极人际关系质量之间的关联。结果确认性因素分析表明,RMM 和 PNRQ 在构型、度量和标度上具有跨种族的不变性。种族并不影响正念与人际关系质量之间的重要关联。结论结果表明了两个重要发现:(1)白人和黑人女性的人际关系正念是一致的;(2)黑人和白人女性的人际关系正念对人际关系质量的影响没有差异。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Investigating Effects and Mechanisms of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Intervention in a Sample of College Students at Risk for Social Anxiety 更正:调查基于正念的减压干预对有社交焦虑风险的大学生样本的影响和机制
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02424-4
Catrinel A. Ștefan, Călin Căpraru, Melinda Szilágyi
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引用次数: 0
Daily-Level Self-Compassion and Coping-Motivated Drinking 日常水平的自我同情与应付性饮酒
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02407-5
Kaitlyn M. Biehler, Tiffany Jenzer, Jennifer P. Read

Objectives

Individuals may turn to alcohol in part because they lack effective strategies to manage negative affect (NA), such as self-compassion. Motives to cope with NA are key mechanisms of problem drinking outcomes that are associated with self-compassion. Drinking to cope (DTC) has been found to mediate the associations between negative affect (NA) and alcohol outcomes at the between-person level, but findings have been variable at the within-person level. Self-compassion components (particularly self-kindness and self-judgment) could serve as moderators to alter the impact of NA on drinking outcomes and may explain the prior varied findings. Accordingly, this study examined daily DTC as a mediator of NA-alcohol consequences and tested whether daily self-kindness/self-judgment moderated these associations.

Method

Regularly drinking adults (n = 128) completed up to 14 daily diaries each. Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we examined how daily variables interacted to predict alcohol consequences, while controlling for alcohol use and other drinking motives, at both within-person and between-person levels.

Results

DTC was found to mediate the relationship between NA and DTC at the within-person level, documenting this pathway for the first time in a community sample while controlling for other motives/use. Self-kindness correlated negatively with NA and DTC at the within-person level. Self-judgment correlated positively with NA, DTC, and alcohol consequences on within-person and between-person levels. The interactions with self-kindness/self-judgment were not significant.

Conclusions

Daily drinking to cope remains an important predictor of problematic substance use at the within-person level. Self-kindness/self-judgment was correlated with NA, DTC, and alcohol consequences, showing promise for relevance to drinking processes. Further work should be conducted to explore how individuals apply these skills with more precise temporal order.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.

研究目的:个人酗酒的部分原因可能是他们缺乏管理消极情绪(NA)的有效策略,如自我同情。应对消极情绪的动机是问题饮酒结果的关键机制,与自我同情相关。研究发现,在人与人之间,为应对而饮酒(DTC)可以调节消极情绪(NA)与酗酒结果之间的关系,但在人与人之间,研究结果却不尽相同。自我同情成分(尤其是自我亲切感和自我评判)可作为调节剂,改变消极情绪对饮酒结果的影响,并可解释之前不同的研究结果。因此,本研究考察了每日DTC作为NA-酒精后果的中介因素,并检验了每日自我亲切/自我评判是否调节了这些关联。我们使用多层次结构方程模型,在控制酒精使用和其他饮酒动机的情况下,在人与人之间和人与人之间的水平上,研究了日常变量如何相互作用来预测酒精后果。结果发现,在人与人之间的水平上,自我亲切感(DTC)对NA和DTC之间的关系起中介作用,这是在控制其他动机/使用的情况下,首次在社区样本中记录这一途径。在个人层面上,"善待自己 "与 "不吸毒 "和 "吸毒成瘾 "呈负相关。在人内和人际层面上,自我判断与不饮酒、DTC 和酒精后果呈正相关。自我亲切/自我判断的交互作用不显著。自我亲切感/自我判断与 NA、DTC 和酒精后果相关,显示出与饮酒过程相关的前景。我们还需要开展进一步的工作,探索个体如何以更精确的时间顺序应用这些技能。
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引用次数: 0
Psychological Changes Following MBSR and CCT Interventions in a Brief and Intensive Retreat Format: A Sequential Randomized Crossover Study 简短强化疗养形式的 MBSR 和 CCT 干预后的心理变化:顺序随机交叉研究
IF 3.6 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02410-w
Rosaria Maria Zangri, Pablo Roca, Ivan Blanco, Marta Kulis, Gustavo G. Diez, Jose Ignacio Martin-Subero, Carmelo Vázquez

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effects of two meditation-based programs, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Compassion Cultivation Training (CCT), in a brief and intensive format on various psychological variables in a group of healthy volunteer adults attending a retreat with a crossover design.

Method

Participants received both interventions in a random order over 7 days (MBSR-CCT, n = 25; CCT-MBSR, n = 24). Assessments were conducted at three different times: Day 1 (pre-program), Day 4 (after completing the first program and before starting the second program), and Day 7 (post-second program), with a follow-up assessment 3 months later.

Results

A significant time main effect was found for emotion regulation (p < 0.001; b = 0.49), self-compassion (p < 0.001; b = − 0.78), mindfulness (p < 0.001; b = − 1.06), low-arousal positive affect (p < 0.001; b = − 1.39), and high-arousal negative affect (p < 0.001; b = 1.82), with improvements in the expected directions observed in both groups. However, the combination of MBSR followed by CCT showed an advantage in some psychological outcomes following the retreat. The follow-up analysis revealed that some of the psychological benefits observed were retained after 3 months (e.g., emotional distress and regulation, self-compassion, and mindfulness), especially in the groups starting their training with MBSR followed by CCT.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the benefits of meditation-based interventions in a brief and intensive format for psychological functioning in healthy adults, providing novel results on the sequential and combined effects of MBSR and CCT, with implications for practice and interventions.

Pre-registration

The study was pre-registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05516355).

本研究旨在调查两种基于冥想的项目--正念减压(MBSR)和慈悲心培养训练(CCT)--对参加静修营的一组健康成人志愿者的各种心理变量的影响。评估在三个不同的时间进行:结果 在情绪调节(p < 0.001; b = 0.结果在情绪调节(p < 0.001; b = 0.49)、自我同情(p < 0.001; b = - 0.78)、正念(p < 0.001; b = - 1.06)、低焦虑积极情绪(p < 0.001; b = - 1.39)和高焦虑消极情绪(p < 0.001; b = 1.82)方面发现了明显的时间主效应,在两组中都观察到了预期方向的改善。然而,MBSR 和 CCT 的组合在闭关后的某些心理结果上显示出了优势。后续分析表明,所观察到的一些心理益处在 3 个月后仍得以保留(例如,情绪困扰和调节、自我同情)、结论这些研究结果强调了以冥想为基础的简短和强化干预对健康成年人心理功能的益处,提供了有关 MBSR 和 CCT 连续和联合效应的新结果,对实践和干预具有重要意义。
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Mindfulness
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