Mindfulness最新文献

Objectives

This study aimed to explore possible gender differences in the relationship between emotion dysregulation, mindfulness, and pro-environmental behaviors. Specifically, it aimed to investigate whether mindfulness mediated the association between emotion dysregulation and pro-environmental behaviors, and if there were any gender differences in this relationship.

Method

A sample of 1,406 employees (56.3% males, average age = 44.85) participated in the study. Participants completed the Pro-Environmental Behaviors Scale (PEBS), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale- Short Form (DERS-SF), and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) to assess pro-environmental behaviors, emotion regulation, and mindfulness, respectively. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and mediation analysis.

Results

Women exhibited higher scores on the PEBS total scale (p < 0.001; 𝜂² = 0.02), higher scores on the Observe and Describe FFMQ subscales (p < 0.001; 𝜂² = 0.01), and lower scores on the Non-react FFMQ subscale (p < 0.001; 𝜂² = 0.01), compared to men. No gender differences were found on the DERS-SF total scale (p > 0.05; 𝜂² = 0.00). Higher levels of emotion dysregulation were associated with lower pro-environmental behaviors (r = - 0.12; p < 0.05). Mindfulness mediated the relationship between emotion dysregulation and pro-environmental behaviors, specifically through the ability to observe one's own emotions and external stimuli. Gender differences were found based on the Non-react facet of mindfulness, which is negatively associated with pro-environmental behaviors in men (β = - 0.08; p < 0.05) and positively associated with them in women (β = 0.09; p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The findings suggest that emotion dysregulation and mindfulness are associated with pro-environmental behaviors. The ability to observe one's own emotions and external stimuli plays a significant role in promoting sustainable behaviors, while the ability to perceive one's own emotions without feeling overwhelmed or compelled to react to them has different associations with pro-environmental behaviors in men and women. These results provide insights for the development of interventions targeting emotion regulation and mindfulness to encourage pro-environmental behaviors, specifically based on gender.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.

Objectives

In recent years, an increasing number of studies have highlighted the usefulness of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) in identifying varying levels of trait mindfulness. As higher trait mindfulness (as reflected by higher FFMQ scores) has been associated with fewer negative affective symptoms, a thorough understanding of the neural correlates associated with FFMQ scores would inform the development of more individualized mindfulness interventions. The current study investigated how individual differences in trait mindfulness are related to different resting-state functional connectivity patterns, and whether these patterns could predict negative affective symptoms.

Methods

We analyzed data from 71 adults (age range: 20–45 years) from the Max Planck Institute-Leipzig Mind-Brain-Body dataset. Participants completed the FFMQ, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans and reported the content of thought emerged during the scanning session. Network-based statistics were used to identify resting-state networks that were significantly associated with the FFMQ facets. The strengths of these networks were then used to predict negative affective symptoms.

Results

Results indicated that higher scores on the facets of act with awareness and nonjudge were associated with fewer negative affective symptoms. The network-based statistics revealed networks of edges that were significantly associated with the facet of nonjudge. Moreover, this network significantly predicted multiple measures of negative affect. There were no networks that were significantly associated with other facets.

Conclusions

These findings provide evidence at the neural level to suggest that the facet of nonjudge is inversely linked to negative affective symptoms.

Preregistration

This study was not preregistered.

Objectives

Despite sexual minority (SM), i.e. individuals who identify as lesbian women, gay men, bisexual, or pansexual, individuals presenting worse mental health outcomes when compared to heterosexual individuals, they face more difficulties in accessing affirmative and quality health services. This study is a mixed-method non-randomized single-arm trial targeting SM individuals assessing the feasibility and exploratory findings from an affirmative mindfulness, acceptance, and compassion-based group intervention (Free2Be).

Method

Eighteen participants who self-identified as SM, with a mean age of 30.80 years old, underwent a face-to-face group intervention with 13 weekly sessions (Free2Be). Feasibility was assessed in three domains (acceptability, practicality, and preliminary effectiveness) with self-report questionnaires and hetero-report interviews, during and after the intervention, and using a mixed-methods approach. Using a pre–post and participant-by-participant design, changes were assessed in self-reported internalized stigma, psychopathology indicators, and mindfulness, acceptance, and compassion processes.

Results

The Free2Be was acceptable and feasible in all three domains. Participants who completed the intervention (≥ 80% of attendance) revealed significant or reliable decreases in stress and social anxiety symptoms, self-criticism, and fear of compassion for the self.

Conclusions

The study provides evidence of the feasibility of the intervention. This affirmative mindfulness, acceptance, and compassion-based group intervention seems to be feasible and acceptable for SM individuals. These promising findings warrant further investigation within a pilot study.

Objectives

Dispositional mindfulness has been associated with lower posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other negative health symptoms in the police population. Of the various mindfulness facets (i.e., non-judging, observing, describing, acting with awareness), non-judging has been demonstrated to be the strongest predictor of lower PTSD symptoms in police academy cadets. The mechanisms by which non-judging may lead to enhanced health outcomes in police officers are poorly understood and require further investigation.

Method

The purpose of the current study was to test a model involving a pathway from pre-trauma mindful non-judging to PTSD symptoms and ultimately posttraumatic growth (PTG) that is mediated by worldviews in a sample of police academy cadets (n = 379). Data were collected via a survey packet distributed at a police academy located in a Southern state of the United States. We examined the relationships among demographic factors, adverse child events, negative life events, mindful non-judgment, world assumptions, PTSD, and PTG using path analysis.

Results

The results indicated that positive worldviews served as a mediator between dispositional mindful non-judging and lower PTSD symptoms, which ultimately led to lower PTG.

Conclusions

These findings have important implications for the selection and training of police academy cadets with the goal of increasing resilience to occupational trauma exposure. Additionally, these results have clinical implications regarding the treatment of officers experiencing symptoms of PTSD.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.

Objectives

Mindfulness is a proven therapeutic practice for reducing anxiety, depression, and chronic pain, which are factors that influence the success of hip/knee replacement surgery. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness bibliotherapy in rehabilitation on anxiety, depression, and health status. The objective was to determine whether there is a connection between the level of mindfulness before rehabilitation and the health status after rehabilitation.

Method

Ninety-three patients (M _age = 63.34, SD = 10.49) from an outpatient rehabilitation clinic participated in the study. Forty-three patients were included in the mindfulness bibliotherapy group, and 45 were included in the waitlist control group. Anxiety, depression (both measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), quality of life (measured with the SF-36), and walking ability (measured with the Timed “Up and Go”-Test), as well as orthopedic measurements and dispositional mindfulness, were measured before and after the intervention. A follow-up measurement was carried out 4 weeks after the end of rehabilitation.

Results

A significant interaction effect between test time (pre- and post-test) and group (mindfulness bibliotherapy and waitlist control group) was detected for the measurement of Anxiety. The Anxiety score decreased in the intervention group from the pre-test to the post-test and the follow-up. In addition, the five subscales of dispositional mindfulness, age, and gender predicted mental health status (measured with the mental health scale of the SF-36) at the end of rehabilitation, F(7, 85) = 2.52, p = 0.021, even though no individual predictor reached significance.

Conclusions

Mindfulness diary practice can be a helpful therapy approach to support patients and to regain the goal of full capacity for working life and everyday life after surgery. Further studies need to investigate more intensively the relationships between the mode of action of mindfulness interventions in the setting of orthopedic rehabilitation.

Preregistration

This study was preregistered in OSF (https://osf.io/4tmwq/).

Throughout the history of philosophy, ethics has often been a source of guidance on how to live a meaningful life. Accordingly, when the ethical foundations of mindfulness are considered, an important question arises concerning the role of meditation in providing meaning. The present article proposes a new theoretical route for understanding the links between mindfulness meditation and meaningfulness by employing the terminology of Susan Wolf’s contemporary philosophical account of a meaningful life. It opens by examining the question of what kinds of life-meanings are made available by Buddhist doctrine, considering the two alternatives of a cosmic, human-independent meaning of life versus the subjective meanings that humans give to their individual lives. After surveying current psychological theories that aim to explain the correlation between mindfulness as a trait and meaning in life, all of which see mindfulness as a mediating factor in the production of meaning, I argue that Wolf’s framework offers a promising theoretical basis for clarifying the relationship between mindfulness and meaning in that it explains why mindfulness has a direct bearing on meaning in life. I then show that mindfulness meditation, as understood in Buddhism, can respond to some of the philosophical worries that arise from Wolf’s theory, specifically her concern with the standards for securing the objective value of meaningful activities and projects. My claim is that mindfulness meditation is representative of a broader class of activities that are non-subjectively valuable insofar as they are required for any exploration of objective meaning or standards of values, as well as for engagement in objectively valuable projects and activities.

Objectives

Mindfulness training produces behavioral and neuronal enhancements for executive and emotional control processes that strengthen with experience. We aimed to examine how a single 30-min session of mindfulness impacts behavioral and electrophysiological outcomes (event-related potentials; ERPs) of inhibitory control and perception of affectively negative words.

Method

Using a mixed within-subject design, 62 university participants provided behavioral and electrophysiological data, and were randomly assigned to two groups: audio-guided mindfulness meditation or relaxation technique of their choice. Participants completed two blocks of computerized tasks (two measuring inhibitory function: Go/NoGo, Simon task; and one assessing affective perception: word rating task), as well as provided self-reported state-induced mindfulness levels before and after the intervention.

Results

Regardless of group, Go/NoGo performance accuracy was at ceiling (≥ 91%). All participants showed enhanced post-intervention NoGo-N2 amplitudes indicating an increased need for conflict monitoring processes. No significant between-group effects emerged for the behavioral Simon Effect or for incongruent P3 ERPs. Behavioral ratings of negative and positive words were unimpacted, whereas neutral words were rated more positively by all participants post-intervention. Initial ERP analyses indicated faster post-intervention LPP components across valence for the mindfulness group; however, results did not remain significant after accounting for multiple comparisons.

Conclusions

Our report contributes to the research surrounding how brief (30-min) sessions of mindfulness practice impact one’s ability to inhibit themselves as well as perception of affective words. Future studies should include fewer or shorter tasks to maximize the transient effects of mindfulness practice.

Objectives

Stress is highly prevalent in college students. Self-compassion, the tendency to respond in a caring manner to one’s own suffering or failures, reduces psychological distress and promotes mental health. Self-compassion may also influence physiological manifestations of stress; however, research is limited. Among undergraduate students over the course of an academic semester, we explored the associations of self-compassion with stress-related psychological variables including measures of affect, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. We also examined daily patterns of salivary cortisol over four days: diurnal slope, mean, and day-to-day cortisol rhythm stability.

Method

This sample of undergraduate students from introductory psychology courses in a large United States Midwestern university was predominantly non-Hispanic White (71.2%) and female (86.4%). All data were collected prior to final exams. After providing baseline psychosocial data, participants engaged in a 2-week mindfulness intervention: They were provided an iPod loaded with audio tracks based on the well-known Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction intervention, but received no face-to-face instruction. Fifty-nine participants provided self-report demographic and medical data and completed the saliva sampling regimen over the first 4 days of the intervention. Diurnal salivary cortisol was assessed immediately after waking and again at bedtime over four consecutive days.

Results

Hierarchical multiple regressions replicated previous findings showing that self-compassion is associated with higher positive and lower negative affect, lower perceived stress, and fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression. Regression models controlling for oral contraception and tobacco use revealed a positive association of self-compassion with healthy cortisol profiles marked by steeper diurnal cortisol slopes and increased regularity of the inter-daily cortisol slope.

Conclusions

These results confirm that self-compassion may be protective against the psychological and physiological manifestations of stress in college. Kind and compassionate responses to one’s own struggles may shield students from the adverse effects of stress. The potential mechanisms underlying these associations are worthy of future research.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.

Objectives

Body dissatisfaction is a prevalent concern among women in the United States. Self-compassion writing interventions have been found to reduce body dissatisfaction. However, limited research has examined how writing interventions on compassion for one’s body compares to writing interventions on compassion for others’ bodies, and no previous studies examined the effects of those interventions on fat phobia. This study’s main aim was to examine the impact of compassion writing interventions on body dissatisfaction, self-compassion, and fat phobia in women.

Methods

Participants included 198 women (age M = 38.97, SD = 11.72; range 18–65) from the general U.S. population who were randomized to one of three groups: self-compassion (wrote about being compassionate toward one’s body concerns), other-compassion (wrote about being compassionate toward another woman’s body concerns), and control (wrote about their tasks/activities in the previous two days). Participants completed questionnaires on their state body dissatisfaction, state self-compassion, and fat phobia pre- and post-intervention.

Results

State body dissatisfaction significantly decreased, and state self-compassion significantly increased in the self-compassion group. State self-compassion significantly increased in the other-compassion group. Although we found a significant time effect across groups for fat phobia, fat phobia scores only decreased in the self-compassion and other-compassion groups.

Conclusions

The self-compassion writing intervention had the most impact on body-related variables and may be valuable for women between 18 and 65 years old.

Preregistration

This study was not preregistered.