Leprosy is a chronic disease with many clinical manifestations, which affect mainly the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes. Although global elimination of leprosy was achieved globally in the year 2000 and the disease is actually rare in most parts of the world, a low but constant number of more than 200,000 new cases are still registered each year. Leprosy is caused by two acid-resistant, slow multiplying Gram-positive bacteria, i. e., Mycobacterium leprae and the recently discovered M. lepromatosis. The transmission routes of these pathogens are not completely understood. All forms of leprosy can be treated with long-lasting antibacterial combination therapy using dapsone and rifampicin and – in cases of multibacillar leprosy – clofazimin. Using this multi-drug approach, leprosy has been shown to be curable in most cases. However, immunological sequelae (leprosy reactions), which may appear during therapy or even several years later, are frequently difficult to treat. Although leprosy has been eliminated in most countries, its complete eradication is extremely unlikely.
{"title":"Leprosy – an old infectious disease with unsolved matters.","authors":"Ingo Stock","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leprosy is a chronic disease with many clinical manifestations, which affect mainly the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes. Although global elimination of leprosy was achieved globally in the year 2000 and the disease is actually rare in most parts of the world, a low but constant number of more than 200,000 new cases are still registered each year. Leprosy is caused by two acid-resistant, slow multiplying Gram-positive bacteria, i. e., Mycobacterium leprae and the recently discovered M. lepromatosis. The transmission routes of these pathogens are not completely understood. All forms of leprosy can be treated with long-lasting antibacterial combination therapy using dapsone and rifampicin and – in cases of multibacillar leprosy – clofazimin. Using this multi-drug approach, leprosy has been shown to be curable in most cases. However, immunological sequelae (leprosy reactions), which may appear during therapy or even several years later, are frequently difficult to treat. Although leprosy has been eliminated in most countries, its complete eradication is extremely unlikely.</p>","PeriodicalId":18540,"journal":{"name":"Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten","volume":"39 12","pages":"522-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36289852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emina Obarcanin, Maira Anna Deters, Verena Nemitz, Stephanie Läer
This article describes the pharmaceutical care of an adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus, who took part in the DIADEMA study. Diabetes was diagnosed for three years and his baseline HbA1c-value was 9.3 %. In the DIADEMA study adolescents received pharmaceutical care provided by community pharmacists in addition to usual care provided by diabetologists and diabetes educators. Patients in the intervention group received monthly scheduled visits with the community pharmacists and on-demand telephone calls. Fundamental contents of the pharmacist᾽s interventions were in particular self-monitoring of blood glucose, prevention of acute and long-term diabetes complications and conscientious consumption of alcohol. Furthermore difficulties in individual insulin therapy and current life conditions were addressed.
{"title":"Pharmaceutical care of an adolescent with type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Emina Obarcanin, Maira Anna Deters, Verena Nemitz, Stephanie Läer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article describes the pharmaceutical care of an adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus, who took part in the DIADEMA study. Diabetes was diagnosed for three years and his baseline HbA1c-value was 9.3 %. In the DIADEMA study adolescents received pharmaceutical care provided by community pharmacists in addition to usual care provided by diabetologists and diabetes educators. Patients in the intervention group received monthly scheduled visits with the community pharmacists and on-demand telephone calls. Fundamental contents of the pharmacist᾽s interventions were in particular self-monitoring of blood glucose, prevention of acute and long-term diabetes complications and conscientious consumption of alcohol. Furthermore difficulties in individual insulin therapy and current life conditions were addressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18540,"journal":{"name":"Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten","volume":"39 11","pages":"483-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36268168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maira Anna Deters, Stephanie Läer, Sniježana Hasanbegović, Verena Nemitz, Petra Müller, Manfred Krüger, Holger Schwender, Emina Obarcanin
Diabetes mellitus Type 1 is one of the most common diseases in childhood. Severe, secondary diseases like hypertension or blindness are results of micro- and macrovascular complications caused by insufficient glycaemic control. Especially adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes have a lower adherence rate. The DIADEMA trial proved that community pharmacist in collaboration with diabetologists and diabetes advisors can have a positive impact on the therapy of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This article highlights and explains which components of the pharmacist intervention caused the preferable adjustments and improved the insulin therapy of the patients.
{"title":"Diabetes Stewardship – Pharmaceutical care of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus provided by community pharmacists.","authors":"Maira Anna Deters, Stephanie Läer, Sniježana Hasanbegović, Verena Nemitz, Petra Müller, Manfred Krüger, Holger Schwender, Emina Obarcanin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus Type 1 is one of the most common diseases in childhood. Severe, secondary diseases like hypertension or blindness are results of micro- and macrovascular complications caused by insufficient glycaemic control. Especially adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes have a lower adherence rate. The DIADEMA trial proved that community pharmacist in collaboration with diabetologists and diabetes advisors can have a positive impact on the therapy of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. This article highlights and explains which components of the pharmacist intervention caused the preferable adjustments and improved the insulin therapy of the patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18540,"journal":{"name":"Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten","volume":"39 11","pages":"477-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36268167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Milnacipran als neue Therapieoption.","authors":"Abdol A Ameri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18540,"journal":{"name":"Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten","volume":"39 11","pages":"496-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36268172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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