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COVID-19 incidence and local ozone level: is there any association? COVID-19发病率与当地臭氧水平:是否存在关联?
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.326005
Beuy Joob, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Dear Editor, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new coronavirus respiratory infection. This new emerging infection disease has already caused more than 30,000,000 infected cases worldwide since its first appearance in late 2019. The effect of underlying metrological background on the incidence of the COVID-19 is an interesting issue but little is known on this issue.1 In fact, the effect of environmental gas on the respiratory infection is an important issue in public health.2 Focusing on local environmental gas in atmosphere, the association with local COVID-19 incidence has never been assessed. We analyzed the data to assess the relationship between COVID-19 incidence and local ozone level in a tropical country which is the second country of the world getting affected by the new emerging COVID-19. The primary data on incidence of COVID-19 was derived from local Public Health Ministry and the primary data of local ozone was derived from Department of Pollution Control of Thailand. The studied area in the present study is the area covering 13 provinces (Payao, Phare, Uttaradit, Pitsanuloke, Pichit, Nongbualumpu, Chaiyaphum, Mahasarakham, Roiet, Yasothorn, Sakonnakorn, Beungkarn and Kalaasin) in rural northern and northeastern region areas of Thailand which is not a destination for international tourists. In the present study, only data on non-local transmission COVID-19 cases were used for further analysis. The data were collected between March and June 2020, when the COVID-19 outbreak started in the studied area following its first appearance in China. According to the study, the scatterplot shows the relationship between COVID-19 incidence and ozone level (Figure 1). There was no significant correlation (r = 0.076, P = 0.805) between COVID-19 incidence and local ozone level in the studied area. The association between ozone and COVID-19 is still poorly understood. The positive effect of ozone therapy on the COVID-19 infection has been reported.3 The cytoprotection of ozone may attribute to the therapeutic effect of ozone on COVID-19 infection.3,4 In the present report, we assessed the interrelationship between environmental ozone level and COVID-19 incidence. Interestingly, there was no association between them. In some areas with high ozone level still have high incidence (number) of COVID-19 cases. This might not support that environmental ozone background can have protective effect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. This preliminary observation may provide evidence for further investigations on this issue.
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引用次数: 1
Effect of an ionic antineoplastic agent Cytoreg on blood chemistry in a Wistar rat model. 离子抗肿瘤剂Cytoreg对Wistar大鼠模型血液化学的影响。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.324592
Katiusca Villasana, William Quintero, Yepsys Montero, Cristian Pino, Oscar Uzcategui, Geizon Torres, Mariangel Prada, Lewis Pozo, William Bauta, William Jimenez

Cytoreg is an ionic therapeutic agent comprising a mixture of hydrochloric, sulfuric, phosphoric, hydrofluoric, oxalic, and citric acids. In diluted form, it has demonstrated efficacy against human cancers in vitro and in vivo. Although Cytoreg is well tolerated in mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs by oral and intravenous administration, its mechanism of action is not documented. The acidic nature of Cytoreg could potentially disrupt the pH and levels of ions and dissolved gases in the blood. Here, we report the effects of the intravenous administration of Cytoreg on the arterial pH, oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures, and bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations. Our results demonstrate that Cytoreg does not disturb the normal blood pH, ion levels, or carbon dioxide content, but increases oxygen levels in rats. These data are consistent with the excellent tolerability of intravenous Cytoreg observed in rabbits, and dogs. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the University of the Andes, Venezuela (CEBIOULA) (approval No. 125) on November 3, 2019.

Cytoreg是一种离子治疗剂,包括盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、氢氟酸、草酸和柠檬酸的混合物。在体内和体外稀释后,它已被证明对人类癌症有效。尽管口服和静脉给药对小鼠、大鼠、家兔和狗有良好的耐受性,但其作用机制尚未有文献记载。Cytoreg的酸性可能会潜在地破坏血液中的pH值和离子水平以及溶解气体。在这里,我们报告了静脉给药Cytoreg对动脉pH值、氧和二氧化碳压力以及碳酸氢盐、钠、钾和氯化物浓度的影响。我们的研究结果表明,Cytoreg不会干扰正常的血液pH值、离子水平或二氧化碳含量,但会增加大鼠的氧气水平。这些数据与在兔和狗身上观察到的静脉注射Cytoreg的良好耐受性一致。该研究于2019年11月3日获得了委内瑞拉安第斯大学(CEBIOULA)生物伦理委员会(批准号125)的批准。
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引用次数: 0
A special oropharyngeal oxygenation device to facilitate apneic oxygenation in comparison to high flow oxygenation devices. 一种特殊的口咽氧合装置,与高流量氧合装置相比,可促进窒息氧合。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.323536
Wolfgang A Wetsch, Daniel C Schroeder, Simon-Richard Finke, David Sander, Hannes Ecker, Bernd W Böttiger, Holger Herff

Oxygen application and apneic oxygenation may reduce the risk of hypoxemia due to apnea during awake fiberoptic intubation or failed endotracheal intubation. High flow devices are recommended, but their effect compared to moderate deep oropharyngeal oxygen application is unknown. Designed as an experimental manikin trial, we made a comparison between oxygen application via nasal prongs at 10 L/min (control group), applying oxygen via oropharyngeal oxygenation device (at 10 L/min), oxygen application via high flow nasal oxygen with 20 L/min and 90% oxygen (20 L/90% group), oxygen application via high flow nasal oxygen with 60 L/min and 45% oxygen (60 L/45% group), and oxygen application via sealed face mask with a special adapter to allow for fiberoptic entering of the airway. We preoxygenated the lung of a manikin and measured the decrease in oxygen level during the following 20 minutes for each way of oxygen application. Oxygen levels fell from 97 ± 1% at baseline to 75 ± 1% in control group, and to 86 ± 1% in oropharyngeal oxygenation device group. In the high flow nasal oxygen group, oxygen level dropped to 72 ± 1% in the 20 L/90% group and to 44 ± 1% in the 60 L/45% group. Oxygen level remained at 98 ± 0% in the face mask group. In conclusion, in this manikin simulation study of apneic oxygenation, oxygen insufflation using a sealed face mask kept oxygen levels in the test lung at 98% over 20 minutes, oral oxygenation device led to oxygen levels at 86%, whereas all other methods resulted in the decrease of oxygen levels below 75%.

在清醒纤维插管或气管插管失败时,应用氧气和无氧氧合可降低因呼吸暂停引起的低氧血症的风险。推荐使用高流量设备,但与中等深口咽氧应用相比,其效果尚不清楚。我们设计了一个实验性的人体模型试验,比较了10 L/min鼻尖供氧(对照组)、10 L/min口咽氧合装置供氧(10 L/min)、20 L/min高流量鼻氧和90%氧(20 L/90%组)、60 L/min高流量鼻氧和45%氧(60 L/45%组)。通过一个特殊适配器的密封面罩供氧以允许光纤进入气道。我们对人体模型的肺进行预充氧,并在接下来的20分钟内测量每种给氧方式的氧水平下降情况。对照组氧含量由基线时的97±1%降至75±1%,口咽氧合装置组降至86±1%。高流量鼻吸氧组,20 L/90%组氧含量为72±1%,60 L/45%组氧含量为44±1%。面罩组氧含量维持在98±0%。综上所述,在这个模拟呼吸暂停氧合的人体研究中,使用密封面罩进行氧气吸入,在20分钟内将测试肺的氧含量保持在98%,口服氧合装置使氧含量达到86%,而所有其他方法导致氧含量下降到75%以下。
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引用次数: 3
Role of hyperbaric oxygen in glioma: a narrative review. 高压氧在神经胶质瘤中的作用:综述。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.324589
Wen-Jie Wang, Jia-Sheng Ding, Qing Sun, Xiang Xu, Gang Chen

Gliomas are common brain mass with a high mortality rate. Patients with gliomas have a severely bad outcome, with an average survive duration less 15 months because of high recurrent rate and being resistant to radio-therapy and chemistry drugs therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen is extensively taken as an adjuvant treatment for various disease conditions. To know the characteristics of hyperbaric oxygen as a remedy for gliomas, we find that, in general, hyperbaric oxygen shows an obviously positive effect on the treatment of gliomas, and it can also relieve the complications caused by postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy of gliomas. Whereas, several researches have shown that hyperbaric oxygen promotes glioma progression.

胶质瘤是一种常见的脑肿块,死亡率高。胶质瘤患者预后严重不良,由于复发率高,且对放射治疗和化学药物治疗具有耐药性,平均生存期不足15个月。高压氧被广泛用作各种疾病的辅助治疗。了解高压氧作为胶质瘤治疗手段的特点,我们发现,总的来说,高压氧对胶质瘤的治疗有明显的积极作用,并且可以缓解胶质瘤术后放化疗引起的并发症。然而,一些研究表明高压氧促进胶质瘤的进展。
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引用次数: 7
Comparing the effect of xenon and sevoflurane anesthesia on postoperative neural injury biomarkers: a randomized controlled trial. 比较氙气和七氟醚麻醉对术后神经损伤生物标志物的影响:一项随机对照试验。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.324591
Steven McGuigan, Lisbeth Evered, David A Scott, Brendan Silbert, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow

General anesthesia and surgery are associated with an increase in neural injury biomarkers. Elevations of these neural injury biomarkers in the perioperative period are associated with postoperative delirium. Xenon has been shown to be protective against a range of neurological insults in animal models. It remains to be seen if xenon anesthesia is neuroprotective in the perioperative setting in humans. Twenty-four participants scheduled for lithotripsy were randomized to receive either xenon or sevoflurane general anesthesia. There was no statistically significant difference in the concentrations of postoperative neural injury biomarkers between the xenon and sevoflurane group. Following the procedure there was a significant increase in the concentration from baseline of all three biomarkers at 1 hour post-induction with a return to baseline at 5 hours. General anesthesia for lithotripsy was associated with a significant increase at 1 hour post-induction in the neural injury biomarkers total tau, neurofilament light and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, a marker of tau phosphorylation. The protocol was approved by the St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne Ethics Committee (approval No. HREC/18/SVHM/221) on July 20, 2018 and was registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (registration No. ACTRN12618000916246) on May 31, 2018.

全身麻醉和手术与神经损伤生物标志物的增加有关。围手术期这些神经损伤生物标志物的升高与术后谵妄有关。在动物模型中,氙已被证明对一系列神经损伤有保护作用。氙气麻醉在围手术期是否具有神经保护作用还有待观察。24名计划进行碎石的参与者随机接受氙气或七氟醚全身麻醉。氙气组与七氟醚组术后神经损伤生物标志物浓度差异无统计学意义。在诱导后1小时,所有三种生物标志物的浓度从基线显著增加,并在诱导后5小时恢复到基线。全麻碎石与诱导后1小时神经损伤生物标志物总tau、神经丝光和苏氨酸181磷酸化的tau (tau磷酸化的标志)显著增加相关。本议定书经墨尔本圣文森特医院伦理委员会批准(批准号:HREC/18/SVHM/221)于2018年7月20日发布,并已在澳大利亚新西兰临床试验注册中心注册(注册号:ACTRN12618000916246)于2018年5月31日发布。
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引用次数: 4
Effects of nitrous oxide on end-tidal carbon dioxide measurements in spontaneously breathing patients under general anesthesia. 一氧化二氮对全身麻醉下自主呼吸患者潮末二氧化碳测量的影响。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.324593
Pothireddy Sreenivasulu, Rangraj Setlur, Shalendra Singh, George Cherian Ambooken
Dear Editor, It is common practice to administer nitrous oxide (N2O) along with inhalational anesthetic agents to take advantage of its additive effect on minimal alveolar concentration levels. Measurement of the end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) concentrations is a component of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Standards for Basic IntraOperative Monitoring and has become standard of care for patients undergoing general anesthesia. We write to discuss two mechanisms where the use of N2O can erroneously alter the EtCO2 levels. A 26-year-old male, with a left radial nerve injury, was posted for tendon transplantation. He underwent tendon transplantation under general anesthesia and spontaneously breathed with a supraglottic airway device (I-gel: size 4). Adequate depth of anesthesia and analgesia was maintained to prevent tachypnoea, sighing, intra-operative awareness, and movement. Ten minutes into the surgery, a gradual rise in the EtCO2 level was noted in spite of constant ventilatory parameters. The intra-operative parameter measures are given in Table 1. This rise in the measured level of EtCO2 may be explained by an insufficiently narrow infrared filter used for measurement of EtCO2 levels, or by a collision broadening phenomenon. (i) Insufficiently narrow infrared filter: The standard capnograph works on the principle that carbon dioxide absorbs infrared radiation. When infrared light of a spectrum is passed through a gas mixture containing CO2, some of the infrared light is absorbed, and less amount of light reaches the sensor at the opposite end. However, the presence of N2O in the gas mixture may interfere with this because of the similar infrared absorption spectra of both gases (4.5 μM for N2O and 4.3 μM for CO2). Therefore, the use of an insufficiently narrow infrared filter sensor of the monitor may lead to an erroneously high EtCO2 reading, and the same may be corrected by using an infrared filter sensor with a narrower absorption range. (ii) Collision broadening phenomenon1: This refers to the phenomenon of the spectral absorption peak of a gas being broadened owing to the collision or proximity of molecules of another gas. Therefore, due to this phenomenon, the presence of co-administered N2O in the fresh gas flow would cause a broadening of the spectral gas absorption peak of CO2. This broadening of the spectral absorption peak causes a falsely high EtCO2 reading. While this is a common phenomenon, most monitors have an electronic compensation to account for this effect wherein the monitor is calibrated with a gas mixture that contains the same background gas concentration as that to be analyzed. Additionally, various correction factors have also been studied wherein the actual EtCO2 can be derived from the measured EtCO2, with the correction factors differing according to the amount of N2O present in the fresh gas flow. One such factor is as follows (Table 2).2,3 We reported this case as an informal survey of anesthesiolog
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引用次数: 0
Xenon as a transdermal enhancer for niacinamide in Strat-M™ membranes. 氙气作为Strat-M™膜中烟酰胺的透皮促进剂。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.320704
Evgeny Petrov, Alexander Verkhovskiy

Xenon is confirmed to diffuse readily through membranes and has properties of transdermal enhancer. In this study, the ability of xenon to regulate the transdermal diffusion of niacinamide was investigated using a model of an artificial skin analogue of Strat-M™ membranes in Franz cells. Based on the data obtained, we found that in the simplified biophysical model of Strat-M™ membranes xenon exerts its enhancer effect based on the heterogeneous nucleation of xenon at the interfaces in the microporous structures of Strat-M™ membranes.

氙被证实很容易通过膜扩散,并具有透皮促进剂的特性。在这项研究中,氙调节烟酰胺的透皮扩散的能力被研究使用人造皮肤模拟Strat-M™膜在Franz细胞的模型。根据得到的数据,我们发现在Strat-M™膜的简化生物物理模型中,氙在Strat-M™膜微孔结构界面处的非均相成核是氙发挥其增强作用的基础。
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引用次数: 2
Potential role of hydrogen sulfide in central nervous system tumors: a narrative review. 硫化氢在中枢神经系统肿瘤中的潜在作用:综述。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.324590
Wei Peng, Meng-Ling Zhang, Jian Zhang, Gang Chen

Central nervous system tumors are classified as diseases of special clinical significance with high disability and high mortality. In addition to cerebrovascular diseases and craniocerebral injuries, tumors are the most common diseases of the central nervous system. Hydrogen sulfide, the third endogenous gas signaling molecule discovered in humans besides nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of human diseases. It is reported that hydrogen sulfide not only exerts a wide range of biological effects, but also develops a certain relationship with tumor development and neovascularization. A variety of studies have shown that hydrogen sulfide acts as a vasodilator and angiogenetic factor to facilitate growth, proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. In this review, the pathological mechanisms and the effect of hydrogen sulfide on the central nervous system tumors are introduced.

中枢神经系统肿瘤被列为具有特殊临床意义的高致残率、高死亡率疾病。除了脑血管疾病和颅脑损伤外,肿瘤是最常见的中枢神经系统疾病。硫化氢是人类除一氧化氮和一氧化碳外发现的第三种内源性气体信号分子,在人类疾病的病理生理中起着重要作用。据报道,硫化氢不仅具有广泛的生物学效应,而且与肿瘤的发生和新生血管形成有一定的关系。多种研究表明,硫化氢作为血管扩张剂和血管生成因子,促进癌细胞的生长、增殖、迁移和侵袭。本文就硫化氢在中枢神经系统肿瘤中的作用及其病理机制作一综述。
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引用次数: 4
The effects of ingestion of hydrogen-dissolved alkaline electrolyzed water on stool consistency and gut microbiota: a double-blind randomized trial. 摄入氢溶解碱性电解水对粪便稠度和肠道微生物群的影响:一项双盲随机试验。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.318858
Yoshinori Tanaka, Masataka Kiuchi, Yasuki Higashimura, Yuji Naito, Katsuhiro Koyama

A relationship between Bifidobacterium and defecation has previously been reported. Our hypothesis on the effectiveness of alkaline electrolyzed water (AEW) proposes that ingestion of AEW, considered possessing antioxidative properties, increases the number of Bifidobacteria and improves stool hardness and gastrointestinal symptoms. A double-blind, randomized study was conducted to evaluate the connection between stool consistency and change in gut microbiota composition induced by drinking hydrogen-dissolved AEW. The participants drank 500 mL of purified tap water or AEW every day for 2 weeks. In this study, drinking AEW did not drastically change gut microbiota, but it appeared to act on a specific bacterial species. Drinking AEW was confirmed to cause an increase in Bifidobacterium. The AEW group also saw stool consistency significantly converge to Bristol stool scale Type 4 ("normal"). Therefore, it is highly likely that the gut microbiota will be changed by drinking AEW. This study was retrospectively registered in University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN ID: UMIN000039507) on February 18, 2020, and was approved by the Ethics Committee of University of Yamanashi (approval No. H30-25) on January 9, 2018.

双歧杆菌与排便之间的关系此前已有报道。我们对碱性电解水(AEW)有效性的假设提出,摄入被认为具有抗氧化特性的AEW,可以增加双歧杆菌的数量,改善粪便硬度和胃肠道症状。本研究采用双盲、随机研究的方法,对饮用氢溶AEW引起的粪便稠度与肠道菌群组成变化之间的关系进行了评价。参与者每天饮用500毫升净化自来水或AEW,持续两周。在这项研究中,饮用AEW并没有彻底改变肠道微生物群,但它似乎对一种特定的细菌起作用。饮用AEW被证实会导致双歧杆菌的增加。AEW组的粪便一致性也明显趋近于布里斯托尔粪便量表4型(“正常”)。因此,饮用AEW很可能会改变肠道菌群。本研究于2020年2月18日在大学医院医学信息网络(UMIN)临床试验注册中心(UMIN ID: UMIN000039507)回顾性注册,并经山梨县大学伦理委员会批准(批准号:2018年1月9日H30-25)。
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引用次数: 9
Effects of lactate and carbon monoxide interactions on neuroprotection and neuropreservation. 乳酸和一氧化碳相互作用对神经保护和神经保存的影响。
IF 2.9 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.318862
Vicki L Mahan

Lactate, historically considered a waste product of anerobic metabolism, is a metabolite in whole-body metabolism needed for normal central nervous system (CNS) functions and a potent signaling molecule and hormone in the CNS. Neuronal activity signals normally induce its formation primarily in astrocytes and production is dependent on anerobic and aerobic metabolisms. Functions are dependent on normal dynamic, expansive, and evolving CNS functions. Levels can change under normal physiologic conditions and with CNS pathology. A readily combusted fuel that is sshuttled throughout the body, lactate is used as an energy source and is needed for CNS hemostasis, plasticity, memory, and excitability. Diffusion beyond the neuron active zone impacts activity of neurons and astrocytes in other areas of the brain. Barriergenesis, function of the blood-brain barrier, and buffering between oxidative metabolism and glycolysis and brain metabolism are affected by lactate. Important to neuroprotection, presence or absence is associated with L-lactate and heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide (a gasotransmitter) neuroprotective systems. Effects of carbon monoxide on L-lactate affect neuroprotection - interactions of the gasotransmitter with L-lactate are important to CNS stability, which will be reviewed in this article.

乳酸,历史上被认为是贫血代谢的废物,是正常中枢神经系统(CNS)功能所需的全身代谢代谢产物,也是中枢神经系统中强有力的信号分子和激素。神经元活动信号通常主要在星形胶质细胞中诱导其形成,其产生依赖于无氧和有氧代谢。功能依赖于正常的动态、扩展和进化的中枢神经系统功能。在正常生理条件下和中枢神经系统病理情况下,水平可能发生变化。乳酸是一种容易燃烧的燃料,在全身燃烧,它被用作能量来源,是中枢神经系统止血、可塑性、记忆和兴奋性所必需的。神经元活动区以外的扩散影响大脑其他区域的神经元和星形胶质细胞的活动。乳酸盐影响脑屏障、血脑屏障功能、氧化代谢和糖酵解之间的缓冲以及大脑代谢。对神经保护很重要的是,存在或不存在与L-乳酸和血红素加氧酶/一氧化碳(一种气体变送器)神经保护系统有关。一氧化碳对L-乳酸的影响影响神经保护-气体发射器和L-乳酸的相互作用对中枢神经系统的稳定性很重要,本文将对此进行综述。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Medical Gas Research
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