Medical Gas Research最新文献

Recently, advancements in extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO 2 R) technology have markedly enhanced its clinical applicability and efficacy for managing severe respiratory conditions. This review highlights critical innovations in ECCO 2 R, such as advanced catheter technologies, active mixing methods, and biochemical enhancements, which have substantially improved gas exchange efficiency and broadened the scope of ECCO 2 R applications. Integrating ECCO 2 R into acute and chronic respiratory care has led to a shift toward more mobile and less invasive modalities, promising for extending ECCO 2 R usage from intensive care units to home settings. By examining these technological advancements and their clinical impacts, this paper outlines the potential future directions of ECCO 2 R technology, emphasizing its role in transforming respiratory care practices and enhancing patient outcomes.

Animal models investigating sevoflurane or compound A and renal function serve as the initial basis for concerns regarding renal injury following sevoflurane anesthesia and subsequent recommendations of minimum fresh gas flow, but this evidence basis has not been critically appraised. Primary literature searches were performed in MEDLINE OVID, PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the International HTA Database, CINAHL, and Web of Science to identify randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies in animals utilizing sevoflurane or compound A. The primary outcomes included renal function as determined by blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and urine volume. The secondary outcomes included the serum fluoride concentration and histopathological findings. A total of 2537 records were screened, and 21 randomized controlled trials and 9 quasi-experimental animal studies were identified. No associations between sevoflurane exposure and subsequent changes in renal function (blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine or changes in urine volume) were noted. A similar effect on renal function was observed following compound A exposure, but urine volume was elevated following compound A exposure. In addition, the histopathological damage following compound A exposure was observed only at concentrations that are unachievable in clinical practice. Our review of evidence from animal models revealed that sevoflurane usage was not associated with changes in renal function tests or urine volume. Histopathologic changes after sevoflurane exposure were either nonexistent or minor. Studies on compound A did not reveal an alteration in renal function, although histopathological evidence of injury was present when compound A was administered at very high, unphysiologic concentrations. In light of the existing evidence, the initial concerns of sevoflurane-related nephrotoxicity based on animal studies that leads to minimum fresh gas flow recommendations are called into question.

Hyperbaric oxygen has been used to treat many diseases. However, there are few reports on hyperbaric oxygen treatment for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity at home and abroad, and the clinical experience is very limited. To understand the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after brain injury, this retrospective study was conducted in the adult intensive care units of five medical centers in central China. Ninety-two patients with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome after brain injury were selected from January 2021 to September 2023. Fifty-six patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen were included in the hyperbaric oxygen group, and 36 patients without hyperbaric oxygen treatment were included in the control group. Patients in the hyperbaric oxygen group received 3-5 courses of hyperbaric oxygen treatment, twice daily, once for 70 minutes, 10 days for 1 course of treatment. Compared with before hyperbaric oxygen treatment, the paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity symptoms of all patients were significantly relieved after three courses of hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Compared with those in the control group, patients in the hyperbaric oxygen group had higher Glasgow coma scale scores, lower paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity syndrome assessment measure scores, and shorter intensive care unit stays. In conclusion, the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an assisted therapy can significantly alleviate the symptoms of patients with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, thereby providing new ideas for the treatment of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity.

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence-enabled medical gas sensing have led to enhanced accuracy, safety, and efficiency in healthcare. Medical gases, including oxygen, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide, are essential for various treatments but pose health risks if improperly managed. This review highlights the integration of artificial intelligence in medical gas sensing, enhancing traditional sensors through advanced data processing, pattern recognition, and real-time monitoring capabilities. Artificial intelligence improves the ability to detect harmful gas levels, enabling immediate intervention to prevent adverse health effects. Moreover, developments in nanotechnology have resulted in advanced materials, such as metal oxides and carbon-based nanomaterials, which increase sensitivity and selectivity. These innovations, combined with artificial intelligence, support continuous patient monitoring and predictive diagnostics, paving the way for future breakthroughs in medical care.

High-concentration oxygen inhalation is the primary intervention to prevent perioperative hypoxemia. However, there are concerns that this may induce an imbalance in oxidation‒reduction processes, particularly in pediatric patients with compromised antioxidant defenses. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of varying intraoperative concentrations of oxygen inhalation on oxidative stress in children by analyzing plasma biomarkers, oxygenation indices, and the duration of surgery and oxygen inhalation. Forty-five children scheduled for laparoscopic pyeloplasty under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to three groups, each receiving different fractions of inspired oxygen during surgery: 30%, 50%, or 80%. The primary outcome was the plasma concentration of oxidative stress markers, and the other measurements included the surgical duration and duration of oxygen exposure. Thirty-five children completed the study, with 11 in the low group, 12 in the medium group and 12 in the high group. The levels of superoxide dismutase at immediately post-tracheal intubation, hydrogen peroxide at 1 hour post-intubation, and 8-isoprostane at immediately post-surgical procedure were significantly higher in the high group than in the low group. The S100B levels at immediately post-surgical procedure were higher than those at immediately post-tracheal intubation and 1 hour post-intubation within the low group. Therefore, we conclude that inhaling a high concentration of oxygen during laparoscopic pyeloplasty under general anesthesia, for a duration of less than 3 hours, does not significantly increase oxidative stress in pediatric patients. This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration No. ChiCTR2400083143).

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a major concern for human health worldwide. Emergencies in this field include wide repertories of studies dealing primarily with CVD prevention. In addition to dietary habits and lifestyles, medical knowledge is fully needed to improve public educational programs toward cardiovascular risk factors and to enrich the endowment of pharmaceutical options and therapies to address CVDs, particularly for ischemic damage due to an impairment in the endothelial-myocardial relationship. Because ozone is a stimulator of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide pathway, ozone therapy has been widely demonstrated to have the ability to counteract endothelial-cardiac disorders, providing a novel straightforward opportunity to reduce the impact of CVDs, including atrial fibrillation. In this review, we attempt to establish a state-of-the-art method for the use of ozone in CVD, suggesting that future remarks be addressed to provide fundamental insights into this issue. The purpose of this study was to highlight the role of ozone in the adjunctive medical treatment of cardiovascular pathologies such as acute myocardial infarction due to ischemic disorders.

Progressive differentiation controlled by intercellular signaling between pharyngeal mesoderm, foregut endoderm, and neural crest-derived mesenchyme is required for normal embryonic and fetal development. Gasotransmitters (criteria: 1) a small gas molecule; 2) freely permeable across membranes; 3) endogenously and enzymatically produced and its production regulated; 4) well-defined and specific functions at physiologically relevant concentrations; 5) functions can be mimicked by exogenously applied counterpart; and 6) cellular effects may or may not be second messenger-mediated, but should have specific cellular and molecular targets) are integral to gametogenesis and subsequent embryogenesis, fetal development, and normal heart maturation. Important for in utero development, the heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide system is expressed during gametogenesis, by the placenta, during embryonic development, and by the fetus. Complex sequences of biochemical pathways result in the progressive maturation of the human heart in utero . The resulting myocardial architecture, consisting of working myocardium, coronary arteries and veins, epicardium, valves and cardiac skeleton, endocardial lining, and cardiac conduction system, determines function. Oxygen metabolism in normal and maldeveloping hearts, which develop under reduced and fluctuating oxygen concentrations, is poorly understood. "Normal" hypoxia is critical for heart formation, but "abnormal" hypoxia in utero affects cardiogenesis. The heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide system is important for in utero cardiac development, and other factors also result in alterations of the heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide system during in utero cardiac development. This review will address the role of the heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide system during cardiac development in embryo and fetal development.

Due to the high-intensity pressure that the shoulder cuff endures, it is prone to traumas and tears. The main critical function of the shoulder cuff muscles is to effectively facilitate shoulder movement and securely maintain the humeral head in the precise center of the joint cavity to prevent superior migration during abduction processes. Shoulder cuff injuries typically involve the muscle-tendon-bone interface, but existing repair techniques do not always guarantee complete and secure healing, leading to retears. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, as an auxiliary treatment, can significantly promote the muscle-tendon-bone healing process. To explore the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the bone-tendon interface healing process in a rabbit model specifically designed for shoulder cuff tears, an experiment was conducted on New Zealand white rabbits by performing a full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus tendon in the left shoulder, followed by 2 hours per day of 100% oxygen treatment at 2 absolute atmospheres for 5 days. The results indicate that hyperbaric oxygen therapy significantly enhances vascularization at the interface between the shoulder cuff and tendon-bone, promotes collagen fiber regeneration in the tendon, improves the tensile strength of the tendon-bone complex, and does not have a significant effect on biomechanical stability. This suggests that hyperbaric oxygen therapy has a significant positive impact on the histological and biomechanical healing of shoulder cuff tears in rabbits, expediting the healing process of the tendon-bone interface.