Microbiological research最新文献_第2页

Corrigendum to ‘The hidden players: the mycobiome of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors’ [Microbiol. Res. 303 (2026) 128392] “隐藏的玩家：胰腺导管腺癌肿瘤的菌群”的勘误表[微生物杂志]。[Res. 303(2026) 128392]。

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2026.128440

Camille Estrin, Sébastien Bertout, Virginie Bellet

引用次数: 0

Genomic insights into high-yield carotenoid production from renewable resources in radiation-resistant Deinococcus yunweiensis KCTC3955 and its optimization through fed-batch fermentation 耐辐射云维Deinococcus yunweiensis KCTC3955可再生资源高产类胡萝卜素的基因组学研究及其分批补料发酵优化

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2026.128443

Chi Young Hwang , Eui-Sang Cho , Soyoung Jeong , Jong-Hyun Jung , Myung-Ji Seo

The environmental impacts of climate change highlight the need for sustainable bioprocesses using low-cost feedstocks. Microbial fermentation offers an eco-friendly method to produce value-added compounds from renewable resources. Deinoxanthin, a unique carotenoid pigment produced by radiation-resistant bacteria, Deinococcus, has pharmaceutical and food industry applications. However, most microorganisms preferentially utilize glucose as their primary carbon source, limiting their capacity to ferment byproducts or waste-derived resources effectively. Here, we hypothesized that identifying microbial hosts capable of metabolizing a broader range of nutrients could improve fermentation efficiency. Through whole-genome sequencing, we identified that D. yunweiensis KCTC3955 possesses multiple nutrient transporters and is capable of efficiently utilizing glycerol and various nitrogen sources for carotenoid production. Using one-factor-at-a-time and response surface methodologies, we optimized conditions with glycerol, achieving a 4.45-fold increase in carotenoid yield. Notably, key biosynthetic genes (dxr, idi, ispF, ispH, and cruF) were highly up-regulated under mixed nutrient conditions. Fed-batch fermentation with mixed renewable resources such as glycerol and corn steep liquor reached 23.22 mg/L carotenoid production and 15.48 mg/L/day productivity after 36 h, representing over 11- and 15-fold improvements compared to non-optimized conditions. These results highlight D. yunweiensis KCTC3955 as a strong candidate for carotenoid production from mixed renewable substrates

气候变化对环境的影响凸显了使用低成本原料的可持续生物工艺的必要性。微生物发酵提供了一种从可再生资源中生产增值化合物的环保方法。Deinoxanthin是一种独特的类胡萝卜素色素，由耐辐射细菌Deinococcus产生，在制药和食品工业中有应用。然而，大多数微生物优先利用葡萄糖作为主要的碳源，限制了它们有效发酵副产物或废物来源资源的能力。在这里，我们假设鉴定能够代谢更广泛营养物质的微生物宿主可以提高发酵效率。通过全基因组测序，我们发现D. yunweiensis KCTC3955具有多种营养转运蛋白，能够有效利用甘油和各种氮源生产类胡萝卜素。利用单因素-一次法和响应面法，我们优化了甘油的条件，使类胡萝卜素的产量提高了4.45倍。值得注意的是，在混合营养条件下，关键的生物合成基因（dxr、idi、ispF、ispH和cruF）高度上调。混合可再生资源（如甘油和玉米浸泡液）的补料分批发酵在36 h后，类胡萝卜素的产量达到23.22 mg/L，产量达到15.48 mg/L/d，比未优化的条件分别提高了11倍和15倍。这些结果表明，D. yunweiensis KCTC3955是混合可再生基质生产类胡萝卜素的强有力的候选者

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引用次数: 0

Gut microbiota communities and their multifaceted roles in immune defense and social behavior of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) 红火蚁肠道微生物群落及其在免疫防御和社会行为中的多重作用

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2026.128438

Ezzeldin Ibrahim , Raghda Nasser , Jiayi Zhang , Solabomi Olaitan Ayoade , Lei Chen , Hui Yu , Liangliang Sang , Rahila Hafeez , Jinyan Luo , Jianfei Lu , Bin Li

The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) is an invasive species recognized for its aggressive behavior, posing significant risks to human health and local ecosystems. Pathogenic microbes, including fungi, bacteria, and viruses, play a critical role in the population of this pest and limiting its damage. Recent studies highlight the essential functions of gut microbiota, particularly bacteria, in enhancing S. invicta's immune responses to these pathogens. This review examines the diversity of gut microbiota in S. invicta, elucidating their contributions to immunity against pathogenic infections and their impact on the ant's overall activity and behavior. Previous studies indicate that the gut microbiota of S. invicta comprises various bacterial genera, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Actinobacteria, Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, Ralstonia, Achromobacter, and Lansdales, which play vital roles, particularly in digestion, nutrient synthesis, and immune function against pathogens. Furthermore, the composition of gut microbiota significantly influences foraging efficiency and social interactions within S. invicta colonies. Therefore, understanding the role of gut microbiota in the behavior and activity of S. invicta provides valuable insights for developing effective management strategies to control their populations. This review summarizes previous research on gut microbiota in S. invicta, focusing on its ecological significance and implications for future pest management studies.

红火蚁（Solenopsis invicta）是一种入侵物种，因其攻击行为而被公认，对人类健康和当地生态系统构成重大风险。病原微生物，包括真菌、细菌和病毒，在这种害虫的数量和限制其损害方面起着关键作用。最近的研究强调了肠道微生物群的基本功能，特别是细菌，在增强不可侵犯链球菌对这些病原体的免疫反应方面。本文综述了invicta蚂蚁肠道微生物群的多样性，阐明了它们对致病性感染免疫的贡献及其对蚂蚁整体活动和行为的影响。以往的研究表明，invicta的肠道微生物群包括铜绿假单胞菌、放线菌、葡萄球菌、乳球菌、Ralstonia、Achromobacter和Lansdales等多种细菌属，它们在消化、营养合成和对病原体的免疫功能方面起着至关重要的作用。此外，肠道菌群的组成显著影响不可侵犯葡萄菌落的觅食效率和社会互动。因此，了解肠道微生物群在不可侵犯链球菌的行为和活动中的作用，为制定有效的管理策略来控制其种群提供了有价值的见解。本文综述了invicta肠道菌群的研究进展，重点介绍了其生态学意义和对未来害虫防治研究的启示。

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引用次数: 0

Endophytic fungus-induced phenazine-1-carboxylic acid production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa enhances biocontrol of rice spikelet rot disease 内生真菌诱导铜绿假单胞菌产非那嗪-1-羧酸增强水稻穗腐病的生物防治作用

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2026.128439

Shi-Yi Huang , Zi-Han Zhao , Jia-Yan Xu , Yaseen Ullah , Yan-Jun Fei , Xiang-Yu Zhang , Xiao-Han Wu , Hui-Jun Jiang , Kai Sun , Xin-Yue Xu , Yong Zhang , Wei Zhang , Chuan-Chao Dai

Rice spikelet rot disease (RSRD) is a late-stage disease that affects rice spikes, leading to grain discoloration, deformation, and a reduced seed-setting rate. Recent studies suggest that the endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris plays a crucial role in reshaping the microbial community within rice spikes, promoting the enrichment of functionally active microorganisms with potent antagonistic properties, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These beneficial microbes can effectively suppress pathogen infection, thus mitigating the impact of RSRD. Despite these findings, the interaction between Ph. liquidambaris and the key antagonistic microorganism P. aeruginosa remains unclear. In this study, we found that Ph. liquidambaris and P. aeruginosa acted synergistically to reduce the RSRD incidence, disease severity, and grain fumonisin content by 56.15, 44.44, and 23.65 %, respectively. To further investigate the underlying mechanism, we conducted coculture experiments, which revealed that Ph. liquidambaris stimulated P. aeruginosa to increase the production of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), a key antimicrobial compound. PCA significantly inhibited the growth of Fusarium proliferatum and suppressed fumonisin biosynthesis. Pot experiments further confirmed its efficacy in preventing and controlling RSRD. Overall, this study demonstrated that fungalbacterial interactions stimulate the production of antimicrobial compounds, offering new insights into their potential for pathogen suppression and plant disease control.

水稻穗腐病（RSRD）是一种影响水稻穗的晚期疾病，导致籽粒变色、变形和结实率降低。最近的研究表明，内生真菌Phomopsis liquidambaris在重塑水稻穗内微生物群落，促进具有强拮抗特性的功能活性微生物（如铜绿假单胞菌）的富集方面起着至关重要的作用。这些有益微生物能够有效抑制病原菌感染，从而减轻RSRD的影响。尽管有这些发现，Ph. liquidambaris与关键拮抗微生物P. aeruginosa之间的相互作用仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们发现Ph. liquidambaris和P. aeruginosa协同作用，分别降低了56.15%、44.44%和23.65% %的RSRD发病率、疾病严重程度和谷物伏马菌素含量。为了进一步研究其潜在机制，我们进行了共培养实验，发现Ph. liquidambaris刺激P. aeruginosa增加了关键抗菌化合物phenazine-1-羧酸（PCA）的产量。PCA显著抑制了增生镰刀菌的生长，抑制了伏马菌素的合成。盆栽试验进一步证实了其防治RSRD的有效性。总的来说，这项研究表明，真菌与细菌的相互作用刺激了抗菌化合物的产生，为它们在抑制病原体和植物疾病控制方面的潜力提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Copper gluconate drives adherent-invasive Escherichia coli LF82 into a viable-but-non-culturable state: Mechanisms of persistence and susceptibility 葡萄糖酸铜驱动黏附侵袭性大肠杆菌LF82进入存活但不可培养的状态：持久性和易感性的机制

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2026.128457

Zinuo An, Liangbin Hu, Lili Zhao, Wensheng Liang, Hongbo Li, Tian Lu, Haizhen Mo, Liping Liu

Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) LF82 is closely linked to Crohn’s disease and can persist within macrophages in a quiescent, growth-arrested state. Here, we show that cupric gluconate (Cu Glu) promoted cell death in E. coli MG1655, yet drove E. coli LF82 into a viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) state. VBNC induction was time dependent and modulated by temperature. VBNC cells remained susceptible to ampicillin and tetracycline but were tolerant to ciprofloxacin. To probe whether capsule-associated factors contribute to the strain-dependent outcome, we heterologously expressed kpsM, kpsT, or kpsMT in MG1655. This increased MG1655 tolerance to Cu Glu but did not induce a VBNC phenotype. Cu Glu increased intracellular Cu⁺ and ROS in LF82 without detectable lipid peroxidation or DNA damage. Copper or ferrous-iron chelation prevented VBNC entry and rescued cells otherwise destined to die, whereas redox modulators shifted VBNC outcomes. Glutathione and catalase resuscitated a small subset, implicating H₂O₂-driven oxidative stress in VBNC fate. Proteomics revealed repression of energy metabolism together with enhanced outer-membrane maintenance and Fe-S cluster repair. Notably, ascorbic acid (Vc) abolished resuscitation and rapidly killed VBNC cells by promoting labile Fe²⁺ release and, together with Cu⁺, amplifying Fenton chemistry to damage membranes without a lipid-peroxidation signature. These findings define a copper-dependent VBNC program in LF82 and provide mechanistic insight into how metal redox imbalance and oxidative stress shape VBNC maintenance and clearance.

粘附-侵袭性大肠杆菌（AIEC） LF82与克罗恩病密切相关，可以在巨噬细胞中以静止、生长停止的状态持续存在。在这里，我们发现葡萄糖酸铜（Cu Glu）促进了大肠杆菌MG1655的细胞死亡，而使大肠杆菌LF82进入可存活但不可培养（VBNC）状态。VBNC的诱导是时间依赖性的，并受温度调节。VBNC细胞对氨苄西林和四环素敏感，但对环丙沙星耐受。为了探究胶囊相关因素是否与菌株依赖的结果有关，我们在MG1655中异种表达了kpsM、kpsT或kpsMT。这增加了MG1655对Cu - Glu的耐受性，但没有诱导VBNC表型。Cu Glu增加了LF82细胞内Cu+和ROS，但没有检测到脂质过氧化或DNA损伤。铜或铁铁螯合阻止了VBNC的进入，挽救了注定死亡的细胞，而氧化还原调节剂改变了VBNC的结果。谷胱甘肽和过氧化氢酶复苏了一小部分，暗示h2o2驱动的氧化应激在VBNC命运中。蛋白质组学显示能量代谢受到抑制，外膜维持和Fe-S簇修复增强。值得注意的是，抗坏血酸（Vc）通过促进不稳定的Fe2+释放，并与Cu+一起，放大Fenton化学，破坏膜，而不具有脂质过氧化特征，从而终止复苏并迅速杀死VBNC细胞。这些发现定义了LF82中铜依赖的VBNC程序，并提供了金属氧化还原失衡和氧化应激如何影响VBNC维持和清除的机制见解。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in gold and zinc oxide nanoparticles: Antibiofilm action, mechanisms beyond ROS generation, and in vivo efficacy 金和氧化锌纳米颗粒的最新进展：抗生物膜作用、ROS生成机制和体内疗效

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2026.128441

Prasanga M. Kumarage , Tasbiha Gul , Nicholas J. Green , Samuel J.T. Wardell , M. Azam Ali , Minati Choudhury , Daniel Pletzer

Gold (Au) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (AuNPs/ZnONPs, respectively) are well-established antimicrobial nanomaterials with broad-spectrum activity and multifaceted mechanisms of action. This review highlights recent advances, focusing on their antibiofilm activity, novel antimicrobial mechanisms, and therapeutic potential in in vivo infection models. Beyond traditional antibacterial effects, these nanoparticles exhibit potent antibiofilm activity and disrupt multiple cellular targets, including cell wall biosynthesis, membrane transport and efflux pumps, energy metabolism, biofilm formation, quorum sensing pathways, and DNA replication and repair, thereby targeting microorganisms on several fronts simultaneously. In vivo studies, particularly biofilm-relevant infection models, remain comparatively limited; however, available evidence indicates that AuNPs/ZnONPs can reduce bacterial burden, promote wound healing, and improve survival, positioning them as promising candidates for next-generation therapeutics. However, despite promising outcomes, challenges such as nanoparticle cytotoxicity, stability, and delivery efficiency remain significant hurdles to clinical translation. Careful optimization of nanoparticle physicochemical properties, along with the development of advanced functionalization and targeting strategies, will be crucial for enhancing the therapeutic index and safety. Moreover, combining these nanoparticles with existing antibiotics and leveraging computational tools, including artificial intelligence, could accelerate the design of next-generation nanotherapeutics.

金（Au）和氧化锌（ZnO）纳米颗粒（AuNPs/ZnONPs）是公认的具有广谱活性和多方面作用机制的抗菌纳米材料。本文综述了近年来的研究进展，重点是它们的抗生物膜活性、新的抗菌机制和体内感染模型的治疗潜力。除了传统的抗菌作用外，这些纳米颗粒还表现出强大的抗生物膜活性，并破坏多种细胞靶标，包括细胞壁生物合成、膜运输和外排泵、能量代谢、生物膜形成、群体感应途径以及DNA复制和修复，从而同时针对多个方面的微生物。体内研究，特别是与生物膜相关的感染模型，仍然相对有限；然而，现有证据表明，AuNPs/ZnONPs可以减少细菌负担，促进伤口愈合，提高生存率，使其成为下一代治疗药物的有希望的候选者。然而，尽管结果令人鼓舞，但纳米颗粒的细胞毒性、稳定性和递送效率等挑战仍然是临床转化的重大障碍。精心优化纳米颗粒的物理化学性质，以及先进的功能化和靶向策略的发展，对于提高治疗指数和安全性至关重要。此外，将这些纳米颗粒与现有抗生素结合起来，并利用包括人工智能在内的计算工具，可以加速下一代纳米疗法的设计。

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引用次数: 0

Cobalamin-mediated protection of Faecalibacterium duncaniae against oxidative stress: Insights from proteomic and membrane fatty acid profiles 钴胺介导的粪杆菌抗氧化应激保护：来自蛋白质组学和膜脂肪酸谱的见解

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2026.128455

Maria Alejandra de Angel Fontalvo , Simon Ménard , Rime Chebbo , Jasmina Vidic , Alban Amoros , Christine Péchoux , Lydie Oliveira Correia , Sébastien Dupont , Florence Dubois-Brissonnet , Laurent Beney , Bonastre Oliete , Jean-Marc Chatel , Sandrine Auger

Faecalibacterium species are keystone commensals of the human gut, contributing to intestinal homeostasis, immune modulation, and epithelial health. However, their extreme sensitivity to oxygen and reactive oxygen species renders them highly vulnerable during inflammatory conditions, severely limiting their therapeutic application. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying their oxidative stress responses is therefore critical for harnessing these bacteria as next-generation probiotics to restore gut health. In this study, we investigated oxidative stress responses in Faecalibacterium duncaniae A2–165 using comprehensive proteomic and membrane fatty acid profiling. We demonstrated that increasing hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentrations extend the lag phase of growth and affect survival during the first hour of exposure, notably altering the redox potential. Exposure to H₂O₂ triggered a remodeling of the proteome, including detoxification systems, metal transporters, DNA repair systems, transcriptional regulators, and enzymes involved in cobalamin biosynthesis. Complementary RT-qPCR analyses revealed coordinated and time-dependent transcriptional activation of genes involved in oxidative stress response. Remarkably, cobalamin supplementation enhanced bacterial growth, mitigated H₂O₂-induced stress, and lowered superoxide levels in F. duncaniae, highlighting its direct antioxidant activity. By analyzing membrane fatty acid profiles, we showed that cobalamin preserves membrane fluidity, counteracting oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ in F. duncaniae. These findings reveal the multifaceted strategies employed by F. duncaniae to withstand oxidative stress and provide a foundation for future efforts to optimize its production at industrial scales and its therapeutic potential as a next-generation probiotic.

粪杆菌是人类肠道的重要共生体，有助于肠道稳态、免疫调节和上皮健康。然而，它们对氧气和活性氧的极端敏感性使得它们在炎症条件下非常脆弱，严重限制了它们的治疗应用。因此，了解其氧化应激反应的分子机制对于利用这些细菌作为下一代益生菌来恢复肠道健康至关重要。在这项研究中，我们利用综合蛋白质组学和膜脂肪酸谱研究了粪杆菌A2-165的氧化应激反应。我们证明，过氧化氢（H₂O₂）浓度的增加延长了生长的滞后期，并在暴露的第一个小时内影响了存活，特别是改变了氧化还原电位。暴露于h2o2会引发蛋白质组的重塑，包括解毒系统、金属转运体、DNA修复系统、转录调节因子和参与钴胺素生物合成的酶。互补的RT-qPCR分析揭示了参与氧化应激反应的基因的协调和时间依赖性转录激活。值得注意的是，补充钴胺素可以促进细菌生长，减轻h2o2诱导的应激，降低f.d caniae中的超氧化物水平，突出其直接抗氧化活性。通过分析膜脂肪酸谱，我们发现钴胺素保持了膜的流动性，抵消了F. duncaniae中h2o2诱导的氧化应激。这些发现揭示了duncaniae抵御氧化应激的多方面策略，并为未来在工业规模上优化其生产及其作为下一代益生菌的治疗潜力提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Evolution of phage tail fiber proteins to counter bacterial resistance and improve biocontrol efficacy in plant disease models 植物病害模型中噬菌体尾部纤维蛋白对抗细菌抗性和提高生物防治效果的进化

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2026.128459

Xinyan Xu , Xuefang Huang , Luokai Wang , Jingxian Yang , Munazza Ijaz , Jianping Chen , Kotaro Kiga , Bin Li

Phage therapy is being used to combat pathogenic bacterial infections that threaten plant, animal, and human health. However, its application remains limited by high host specificity and the emergence of bacterial resistance. In this study, we addressed the key issues in phage therapy using rice bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) strain N1 and its lytic phage NP1. Strain N1 acquired resistance to the phage NP1 through mutations and downregulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis genes. A directed evolution assay using phage NP1 and the resistant strain N1R resulted in the development of phage E12–2, which overcame bacterial resistance, expanded its host range and improved bacterial suppression by targeting alternative LPS binding sites. Moreover, genome analysis identified two amino acid substitutions (V303L and G317V) in its tail fiber protein. Additionally, phage E12–2 improved disease control efficiency by 51 % compared to the wild-type phage NP1 and induced plant immunity in a plant disease model. These findings enhance our understanding of how bacteria-phage evolution shapes the dynamics of phage therapy in plants.

噬菌体疗法正被用于对抗威胁植物、动物和人类健康的致病性细菌感染。然而，它的应用仍然受到高宿主特异性和细菌耐药性的限制。在这项研究中，我们讨论了水稻白叶枯病菌（Xanthomonas oryzae pv）噬菌体治疗的关键问题。oryzae （Xoo）菌株N1及其裂解噬菌体NP1。菌株N1通过脂多糖（LPS）生物合成基因的突变和下调获得了对噬菌体NP1的抗性。利用噬菌体NP1和耐药菌株N1R进行定向进化实验，发现噬菌体E12-2克服了细菌耐药性，扩大了其宿主范围，并通过靶向其他LPS结合位点提高了细菌抑制能力。此外，基因组分析发现其尾纤维蛋白中有两个氨基酸替换（V303L和G317V）。此外，与野生型噬菌体NP1相比，噬菌体E12-2提高了51 %的疾病控制效率，并在植物疾病模型中诱导了植物免疫。这些发现增强了我们对噬菌体进化如何影响植物中噬菌体治疗动力学的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Functional characterization of a Con7-related transcription factor in Coprinopsis cinerea indicates evolutionary conservation of morphogenetic roles Coprinopsis cinerea中con7相关转录因子的功能表征表明形态发生作用的进化守恒。

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2026.128462

Hongli Wu , Zsolt Merényi , Máté Virágh , Xiao-Bin Liu , Botond Hegedüs , Zhihao Hou , Edit Ábrahám , Anett Fürtön , Zsolt Kristóffy , Zoltán Lipinszki , László G. Nagy

Fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) exhibit the highest degree of multicellular complexity in fungi, yet the molecular underpinnings of their developmental programs remain incompletely understood. Here, we characterize gcd1, a gene encoding a transcription factor in the Con7 subfamily of C2H2-type zinc finger proteins. This subfamily has previously been implicated in pathogenic morphogenesis in Ascomycota, but its role in Agaricomycetes has not previously been addressed. In Coprinopsis cinerea, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of gcd1 resulted in strains with severely impaired fruiting body morphogenesis, with malformed cap, stipe, and gill tissues. Gcd1 deletion strains lacked universal veil, resembling species with open (gymnocarpous) development. We find that GCD1/Con7 homologs are widely distributed in most Dikarya species and are mostly encoded by a single gene in each species’ genome. Transcriptome analyses identified several misregulated genes in the Δgcd1 mutant, which pinpoint potential mechanisms underlying its developmental defects as well as provided insights into the morphogenesis of mushroom fruiting bodies. These findings establish GCD1 as a key regulator of multicellular development in C. cinerea and broaden the known functions of Con7-like transcription factors to include fruiting body morphogenesis in Agaricomycetes. Overall, our results and the morphogenetic role of Con7-like transcription factors of Ascomycota suggest functional conservation over half a billion years of evolution.

蘑菇形成真菌的子实体在真菌中表现出最高程度的多细胞复杂性，但其发育程序的分子基础仍未完全了解。在这里，我们描述了gcd1，一个编码c2h2型锌指蛋白Con7亚家族转录因子的基因。这个亚家族以前与子囊菌的致病形态发生有关，但它在真菌中的作用以前没有得到解决。在Coprinopsis cinerea中，CRISPR/ cas9介导的gcd1缺失导致菌株的子实体形态发生严重受损，帽、柄和鳃组织畸形。Gcd1缺失菌株缺乏普遍面纱，类似于开放（裸心）发育的物种。我们发现GCD1/Con7同源物在大多数Dikarya物种中广泛分布，并且在每个物种的基因组中大多由单个基因编码。转录组分析在Δgcd1突变体中发现了几个错误调控的基因，这明确了其发育缺陷的潜在机制，并为蘑菇子实体的形态发生提供了见解。这些发现证实了GCD1是C. cinerea多细胞发育的关键调控因子，并将con7样转录因子的已知功能扩展到包括菌丝菌的子实体形态发生。总的来说，我们的研究结果和子囊菌con7样转录因子的形态发生作用表明，在5亿年的进化过程中，子囊菌的功能保持不变。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial diversity loss affects old and modern barley cultivars differently under varying nitrogen sources 在不同氮源条件下，微生物多样性丧失对老大麦和现代大麦品种的影响不同

IF 6.9 1区生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiological research

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2026.128458

Nikolaj L. Kindtler , Sanea Sheikh , Rujia He , Rute R.da Fonseca , Kristian H. Laursen , Flemming Ekelund

Soil microbial diversity is crucial for plant nutrition and health, yet how its loss affects plant performance remains unclear. We used a dilution-to-extinction approach to test how declining rhizo-microbiome diversity influences two barley cultivars: the modern RGT Planet and the older Babushka. Plants were grown in sterilized systems amended with mineral or organic nitrogen and inoculated with microbiome treatments (10^-¹, 10^-³, 10^-⁵, and 10^-⁷ dilutions), plus a no-inoculum treatment. We used amplicon sequencing (16S, ITS, 18S) to profile rhizosphere communities, and quantified plant biomass, shoot nitrogen, and chitin mineralization. Protists and fungi were present in 10^-¹ and 10^-³ but absent in all others. Microbiome inoculum and nitrogen source explained most variation in rhizo-microbiome composition, with cultivar having a smaller effect. Under organic nitrogen, Babushka showed a marked decline in biomass with decreasing diversity, whereas RGT was largely unaffected, indicating that the older cultivar relied more on a diverse microbiome to maintain growth. At intermediate diversity, when protists and fungi were lost, both cultivars showed improved growth and shoot nitrogen, coinciding with shifts in bacterial composition and loss of potential pathogens. Hence, reduced diversity did not always impair growth, suggesting functional compensation. Under mineral nitrogen, both cultivars were less sensitive to diversity loss. Overall, nitrogen source and cultivar identity modulated plant responses to microbial diversity loss. Diverse microbiomes promoted efficient use of organic nitrogen, particularly for the older cultivar, while the modern cultivar maintained growth at lower diversity. Our results demonstrate that the consequences of diversity loss are context-dependent and cultivar-specific.

土壤微生物多样性对植物营养和健康至关重要，但其损失如何影响植物性能尚不清楚。我们使用稀释到灭绝的方法来测试下降的根茎微生物组多样性如何影响两个大麦品种：现代RGT Planet和较老的Babushka。植物生长在用无机氮或有机氮修饰的无菌系统中，并接种微生物组处理（10-¹、10-³、10- 5和10-⁷稀释度），外加无接种处理。我们使用扩增子测序（16S， ITS, 18S）来分析根际群落，并量化植物生物量，地上部氮和几丁质矿化。原生生物和真菌在10-¹ 和10-³ 中存在，但在其他所有地方都不存在。微生物组接种量和氮源对根际微生物组组成的影响最大，品种对根际微生物组组成的影响较小。在有机氮处理下，随着多样性的降低，巴布什卡的生物量显著下降，而RGT基本未受影响，说明老品种更多地依赖于多样化的微生物组来维持生长。在中等多样性时，当原生生物和真菌消失时，两个品种都表现出生长和发氮的改善，这与细菌组成的变化和潜在病原体的丧失相一致。因此，多样性的减少并不总是损害生长，这表明功能补偿。在矿质氮处理下，两个品种对多样性丧失的敏感性较低。总体而言，氮源和品种特性调节了植物对微生物多样性丧失的响应。微生物组的多样性促进了有机氮的有效利用，特别是对老品种，而现代品种在较低的多样性下保持了生长。我们的研究结果表明，多样性丧失的后果是环境依赖和品种特异性的。

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