The development of a voltage-fed series resonant, high-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverter system using high-power static induction (SI) transistors/power modules for an induction-heating power supply is discussed. The inverter system, an alternate fast-response power regulation scheme incorporating either a fixed-frequency PWM or a variable-frequency PWM control strategy, as compared with the conventional PWM and PWM hybrid control strategy, is described, including the protection control hardware. It is shown the the load current-adaptive frequency tracking-based PWM control implementation using a two-channel, phase-locked loop system with protection logic hardware is effective in minimizing switching losses and stresses. It also reduces EMI noise level, accomplishes fast-response voltage regulation, and solves dead-short circuit problems that are due to fast-recovery diode characteristics in a power regulation process. Computer-aided simulation results and experimental results based on a 200 kHz-20 kW/40 kW breadboard using the optimum drive-circuit and interface of SI transistors are presented.<>
{"title":"The state of the art advanced developments of series-resonant high-frequency inverter using static induction transistors/power modules","authors":"H. Ogiwara, S. Nagai, M. Nakaoka, S. Hamada","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152467","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a voltage-fed series resonant, high-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverter system using high-power static induction (SI) transistors/power modules for an induction-heating power supply is discussed. The inverter system, an alternate fast-response power regulation scheme incorporating either a fixed-frequency PWM or a variable-frequency PWM control strategy, as compared with the conventional PWM and PWM hybrid control strategy, is described, including the protection control hardware. It is shown the the load current-adaptive frequency tracking-based PWM control implementation using a two-channel, phase-locked loop system with protection logic hardware is effective in minimizing switching losses and stresses. It also reduces EMI noise level, accomplishes fast-response voltage regulation, and solves dead-short circuit problems that are due to fast-recovery diode characteristics in a power regulation process. Computer-aided simulation results and experimental results based on a 200 kHz-20 kW/40 kW breadboard using the optimum drive-circuit and interface of SI transistors are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129329809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various aspects of the purpose, protection philosophy, application and specifications of different types of grounding transformers and two governmental system case studies illustrating improperly applied grounding transformers and associated ground fault protection systems are discussed. The first case study involves the use of an incorrect value of resistance in grounded neutral wye-broken delta grounding transformers associated with a 2400 V ungrounded system. Detailed calculations are given to correctly size the grounding transformer resistance value necessary to limit the magnitudes of transient overvoltages caused by restriking ground faults. The second case involves ground fault tripping deficiencies caused by utilizing only a single zig-zag grounding transformer with an associated neutral resistor on a multibus 2400 V ungrounded system. It is stressed that a single grounding transformer is not adequate for use with a multibus configuration. A protection scheme for use on a multibus arrangement is presented.<>
{"title":"Grounding transformer applications and associated protection schemes","authors":"E. R. Detjen, K. R. Shah","doi":"10.1109/28.148444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/28.148444","url":null,"abstract":"Various aspects of the purpose, protection philosophy, application and specifications of different types of grounding transformers and two governmental system case studies illustrating improperly applied grounding transformers and associated ground fault protection systems are discussed. The first case study involves the use of an incorrect value of resistance in grounded neutral wye-broken delta grounding transformers associated with a 2400 V ungrounded system. Detailed calculations are given to correctly size the grounding transformer resistance value necessary to limit the magnitudes of transient overvoltages caused by restriking ground faults. The second case involves ground fault tripping deficiencies caused by utilizing only a single zig-zag grounding transformer with an associated neutral resistor on a multibus 2400 V ungrounded system. It is stressed that a single grounding transformer is not adequate for use with a multibus configuration. A protection scheme for use on a multibus arrangement is presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130558792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the application of an energy rebound circuit for a pulse-width-modulation (PWM)-controlled thyristor rectifier, an improved current-source GTO inverter system capable of producing sinusoidal inputs and outputs has been proposed for high-frequency induction motor drives. The energy rebound circuit in the inverter is used not only to turn off the thyristors in the rectifier for applying PWM control techniques, but also to clamp the spike voltage produced in the inverter circuit. A simplified method and characteristics of phase shift control and DC link voltage control of PWM-controlled thyristor rectifiers with unity fundamental input power factor are presented. This method is applied to the regenerating operation of a PWM current source GTO inverter system to investigate the characteristics. The system is used to drive an eight-pole, 400 Hz, 5.5 kW induction motor. With the analytical and experimental results, characteristics of the motor drives are given.<>
{"title":"Characteristics of phase shift control of PWM controlled thyristor rectifier in current source GTO inverter system for induction motor drive","authors":"K. Matsuse, H. Kubota","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152258","url":null,"abstract":"With the application of an energy rebound circuit for a pulse-width-modulation (PWM)-controlled thyristor rectifier, an improved current-source GTO inverter system capable of producing sinusoidal inputs and outputs has been proposed for high-frequency induction motor drives. The energy rebound circuit in the inverter is used not only to turn off the thyristors in the rectifier for applying PWM control techniques, but also to clamp the spike voltage produced in the inverter circuit. A simplified method and characteristics of phase shift control and DC link voltage control of PWM-controlled thyristor rectifiers with unity fundamental input power factor are presented. This method is applied to the regenerating operation of a PWM current source GTO inverter system to investigate the characteristics. The system is used to drive an eight-pole, 400 Hz, 5.5 kW induction motor. With the analytical and experimental results, characteristics of the motor drives are given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126894111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The newest ESD (electrostatic discharge) test standards are considered. They correct many problems that existed in previous standards. Care has been taken to harmonize new standards developed for the USA, Europe, and the rest of the world. As a result, it is possible to meet the new IEC, ANSI, and ECMA test requirements by using just one ESD test procedure that includes a simulation of personnel ESD and a simulation of furniture ESD.<>
{"title":"ESD testing of equipment matures: review and current status","authors":"W. Boxleitner","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152285","url":null,"abstract":"The newest ESD (electrostatic discharge) test standards are considered. They correct many problems that existed in previous standards. Care has been taken to harmonize new standards developed for the USA, Europe, and the rest of the world. As a result, it is possible to meet the new IEC, ANSI, and ECMA test requirements by using just one ESD test procedure that includes a simulation of personnel ESD and a simulation of furniture ESD.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124017906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of DSP-based vector and current controllers for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive is presented. Several different implementations of the vector controller are evaluated, and the consequent effect on the maximum motor speed is examined. A careful choice of the cosine look-up table which is used in the vector controller is presented. The possibility of implementing a hysteresis current controller algorithm using the DSP is also evaluated. The layout of a PC board including the DSP the DSP chip, latches, and PAL chips to decode the I/O ports is included as well. Experimental results are provided.<>
{"title":"DSP-based vector and current controllers for a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive","authors":"P. Pillay, C. Allen, R. Budhabhathi","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152237","url":null,"abstract":"The design of DSP-based vector and current controllers for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive is presented. Several different implementations of the vector controller are evaluated, and the consequent effect on the maximum motor speed is examined. A careful choice of the cosine look-up table which is used in the vector controller is presented. The possibility of implementing a hysteresis current controller algorithm using the DSP is also evaluated. The layout of a PC board including the DSP the DSP chip, latches, and PAL chips to decode the I/O ports is included as well. Experimental results are provided.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120948024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A methodology for machining of near-perfect bores on mild steel workpieces using an error correction system attached to a conventional, preloaded ball bearing machine tool spindle is described. The approach detects machine tool errors in real-time by using a laser-based sensor, models the errors as a background computation and uses the model to compensate, in real-time, for the deterministic errors. The hardware developed to implement the methodology scans the workpiece surface after matching with a spindle-mounted probe. If the model-based machine tool errors are subtracted from the scanned signal, and the remaining error is modeled, then an in-situ bore measurement is effectively made. This approach avoids the axis locating problem intrinsic with use of a separate measuring machine. The machine tool errors are modeled as deviations from all ideal cylinder in space. With respect to the machine tool coordinates, the model parameters include axis orientation, diameter, and cylindricity.<>
{"title":"A real-time error correction system for spindle errors","authors":"P.P. Dai, R. Lorenz","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152391","url":null,"abstract":"A methodology for machining of near-perfect bores on mild steel workpieces using an error correction system attached to a conventional, preloaded ball bearing machine tool spindle is described. The approach detects machine tool errors in real-time by using a laser-based sensor, models the errors as a background computation and uses the model to compensate, in real-time, for the deterministic errors. The hardware developed to implement the methodology scans the workpiece surface after matching with a spindle-mounted probe. If the model-based machine tool errors are subtracted from the scanned signal, and the remaining error is modeled, then an in-situ bore measurement is effectively made. This approach avoids the axis locating problem intrinsic with use of a separate measuring machine. The machine tool errors are modeled as deviations from all ideal cylinder in space. With respect to the machine tool coordinates, the model parameters include axis orientation, diameter, and cylindricity.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121288056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 600 W halfbridge push pull converter is presented that provides a constant voltage of 1.5 V and current of 400 A and operates at 100 kHz with an efficiency of between 55 and 60%. This is possible because of the application of the concept of matrix transformers and because of the operation at higher frequencies. It is shown that matrix transformers have major advantages in the area of integrability of high-current low-voltage supplies, with many advantages, such as distributed heat dissipation reducing the chances of thermal runaway. High frequency switching decreases electromagnetic component size and reduces weight and volume. Experimental results show that the major losses of the converter were due to the rectifying diodes and that the maximum achievable efficiency was 65%.<>
{"title":"An integrable base drive technology for very high current bipolar transistor switches","authors":"G. van der Merwe, J. V. van Wyk, J. Schoeman","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152405","url":null,"abstract":"A 600 W halfbridge push pull converter is presented that provides a constant voltage of 1.5 V and current of 400 A and operates at 100 kHz with an efficiency of between 55 and 60%. This is possible because of the application of the concept of matrix transformers and because of the operation at higher frequencies. It is shown that matrix transformers have major advantages in the area of integrability of high-current low-voltage supplies, with many advantages, such as distributed heat dissipation reducing the chances of thermal runaway. High frequency switching decreases electromagnetic component size and reduces weight and volume. Experimental results show that the major losses of the converter were due to the rectifying diodes and that the maximum achievable efficiency was 65%.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121647624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integration of lighting into the total environment of an industrial control room is discussed, recognizing that the appropriate design of the task, including the equipment itself within the control room, can be more effective in improving the visual characteristics of the environment than the lighting system. An industrial control room description, design considerations, and preferred lighting systems are described.<>
{"title":"Design considerations for illuminating industrial control rooms","authors":"D. K. Ross","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152153","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of lighting into the total environment of an industrial control room is discussed, recognizing that the appropriate design of the task, including the equipment itself within the control room, can be more effective in improving the visual characteristics of the environment than the lighting system. An industrial control room description, design considerations, and preferred lighting systems are described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121688693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safety criteria, protective device performance, transferred potential hazard, and National Electrical Code (NEC) voltage limits and requirements on equipment grounding practices are examined. Safe step-and-touch voltage criteria are imposed, based on body weight. These criteria are considered for both industrial applications and general applications where children may be present. Although the authors have attempted a logical extrapolation of nonlethal continuous currents versus body weight, it is stated that there is insufficient test data to support the conclusions. It is pointed out the agreement was found between the few values cited in the NEC and the extrapolated values.<>
{"title":"Safety design considerations for alternating-current low-voltage distribution systems","authors":"L. Yu, R. Beck","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152424","url":null,"abstract":"Safety criteria, protective device performance, transferred potential hazard, and National Electrical Code (NEC) voltage limits and requirements on equipment grounding practices are examined. Safe step-and-touch voltage criteria are imposed, based on body weight. These criteria are considered for both industrial applications and general applications where children may be present. Although the authors have attempted a logical extrapolation of nonlethal continuous currents versus body weight, it is stated that there is insufficient test data to support the conclusions. It is pointed out the agreement was found between the few values cited in the NEC and the extrapolated values.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126429014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electromagnetic measurement techniques for high speed, high precision, ferrous material part position alignment intended to provide high speed, high precision, robust part position alignment that is competitive with existing vision and contacting (touch probe) methods are discussed. It is shown that the techniques are applicable to both translational and rotational alignment problems consisting of symmetric or asymmetric surface projections and edges and are able to determine sensor designs to achieve maximum spatial resolution for a given alignment problem, to estimate spatial location much more accurately than by processing the actual sensor generated signal alone, since advanced information about the part is used in the location estimation process, and to use sensors that are inexpensive and easy to construct, making the method cost competitive with other forms of part alignment presently used.<>
{"title":"High speed, high precision, measurement techniques for ferrous material part position alignment","authors":"C. Goshaw, R. Lorenz","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152388","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic measurement techniques for high speed, high precision, ferrous material part position alignment intended to provide high speed, high precision, robust part position alignment that is competitive with existing vision and contacting (touch probe) methods are discussed. It is shown that the techniques are applicable to both translational and rotational alignment problems consisting of symmetric or asymmetric surface projections and edges and are able to determine sensor designs to achieve maximum spatial resolution for a given alignment problem, to estimate spatial location much more accurately than by processing the actual sensor generated signal alone, since advanced information about the part is used in the location estimation process, and to use sensors that are inexpensive and easy to construct, making the method cost competitive with other forms of part alignment presently used.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"53 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134589386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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