Optoelectrostatic micromanipulation utilizing the electrostatic force in combination with the optical pressure of a focused laser beam has been used for handling of plant protoplasts and for microinjection of fine latex particles into plant protoplasts. Cabbage or carrot protoplasts were used. Cabbage protoplasts could be moved by the optical pressure at 10 to 80 mu m/s. Using a parallel electrode system, the protoplasts were connected to form a pearl chain. An argon ion laser was then focused on one protoplast at the tip of a pearl chain. All the protoplasts were trapped at the electrode by the dielectrophoretic force. and only the protoplast irradiated by the laser could be separated selectively. Microinjection of 0.2-0.4 mu m latex particles to the cabbages or carrot protoplasts was made using optoelectrostatic micromanipulation. The latex particles were transported to the surface of the protoplasts inside a parallel-plate electrode system. Then a pulsed high voltage was applied several times to inject one latex particle attached on the surface of the protoplast. The injected latex particle could be manipulated inside the protoplast by the optical pressure. The experimental apparatus and the results are reported.<>
{"title":"Opto-electrostatic micro-manipulation of protoplasts and fine particles","authors":"A. Mizuno, K. Hosoi, H. Sakano","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152265","url":null,"abstract":"Optoelectrostatic micromanipulation utilizing the electrostatic force in combination with the optical pressure of a focused laser beam has been used for handling of plant protoplasts and for microinjection of fine latex particles into plant protoplasts. Cabbage or carrot protoplasts were used. Cabbage protoplasts could be moved by the optical pressure at 10 to 80 mu m/s. Using a parallel electrode system, the protoplasts were connected to form a pearl chain. An argon ion laser was then focused on one protoplast at the tip of a pearl chain. All the protoplasts were trapped at the electrode by the dielectrophoretic force. and only the protoplast irradiated by the laser could be separated selectively. Microinjection of 0.2-0.4 mu m latex particles to the cabbages or carrot protoplasts was made using optoelectrostatic micromanipulation. The latex particles were transported to the surface of the protoplasts inside a parallel-plate electrode system. Then a pulsed high voltage was applied several times to inject one latex particle attached on the surface of the protoplast. The injected latex particle could be manipulated inside the protoplast by the optical pressure. The experimental apparatus and the results are reported.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134319425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A DC/DC power converter that is capable of generating high voltage is described. The design employs capacitive energy transfer to accomplish voltage conversion. The converter contains arrays of integrated-circuit power switches and capacitors. A transfer gain of 36 is achieved, making it possible to step up a nominal input of 67.5 V DC to 2430 V DC. The circuit configuration, performance characteristics, and merits of the design are discussed.<>
描述了一种能够产生高压的DC/DC功率变换器。该设计采用电容能量传递实现电压转换。转换器包含集成电路电源开关和电容器阵列。实现了36的传输增益，从而可以将67.5 V DC的标称输入提升到2430 V DC。讨论了电路结构、性能特点和设计的优点。
{"title":"Transformerless DC/DC converter for production of high voltage","authors":"G. Sridharan","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152350","url":null,"abstract":"A DC/DC power converter that is capable of generating high voltage is described. The design employs capacitive energy transfer to accomplish voltage conversion. The converter contains arrays of integrated-circuit power switches and capacitors. A transfer gain of 36 is achieved, making it possible to step up a nominal input of 67.5 V DC to 2430 V DC. The circuit configuration, performance characteristics, and merits of the design are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132382426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A power electronic VAr generator that provides reactive power compensation for symmetrical and nonsymmetrical nonlinear consumers is described. The control system provides inertial operation of the compensating system. By a stepwise change of the load current, some value of an active power is delivered by the VAr generator to the line during a few AC voltage periods. It is shown that this power electronic system can be used as an active filter for unwanted current harmonics reduction.<>
{"title":"Compensation of the reactive power drawn from the line by nonlinear consumers","authors":"H. Supronowicz, J. Janczak","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152321","url":null,"abstract":"A power electronic VAr generator that provides reactive power compensation for symmetrical and nonsymmetrical nonlinear consumers is described. The control system provides inertial operation of the compensating system. By a stepwise change of the load current, some value of an active power is delivered by the VAr generator to the line during a few AC voltage periods. It is shown that this power electronic system can be used as an active filter for unwanted current harmonics reduction.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133464503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The details of the methods used in programming a programmable logic controller (PLC) system for improving the roll cooling control on a three-stand aluminium rolling hot finishing mill with a coolant spray system for work roll temperature control of narrow zones across the width of the work rolls are discussed. The operator functions, the programmable controller's handling of data, the program structure, and a detailed description of the program for controlling the sprays are described.<>
{"title":"Programmable controller software aluminium hot mill spray control","authors":"S. Bates","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152365","url":null,"abstract":"The details of the methods used in programming a programmable logic controller (PLC) system for improving the roll cooling control on a three-stand aluminium rolling hot finishing mill with a coolant spray system for work roll temperature control of narrow zones across the width of the work rolls are discussed. The operator functions, the programmable controller's handling of data, the program structure, and a detailed description of the program for controlling the sprays are described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122243826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Periodically switching power converters can be described by an averaged equation and ripple correction functions. An algorithm for the analytical computation of the averaged system and the ripple correction functions, the Krylov-Bogoliubov-Miltropolsky algorithm is implemented using a symbolic computer program. A ripple correction series, which estimates the actual waveforms given the averaged waveforms, is derived. Correction terms for the averaged model are also derived. The approximations require numerical calculations of averaged models which are normally not stiff. The correction terms are continuous functions which can be computed symbolically. The approximate system can be integrated on time scales slower than those used for conventional time-domain techniques. A resonant inverter and a boost converter are presented as examples.<>
{"title":"A new approach to fast simulation of periodically switching power converters","authors":"P. Krein, R. Bass","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152334","url":null,"abstract":"Periodically switching power converters can be described by an averaged equation and ripple correction functions. An algorithm for the analytical computation of the averaged system and the ripple correction functions, the Krylov-Bogoliubov-Miltropolsky algorithm is implemented using a symbolic computer program. A ripple correction series, which estimates the actual waveforms given the averaged waveforms, is derived. Correction terms for the averaged model are also derived. The approximations require numerical calculations of averaged models which are normally not stiff. The correction terms are continuous functions which can be computed symbolically. The approximate system can be integrated on time scales slower than those used for conventional time-domain techniques. A resonant inverter and a boost converter are presented as examples.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"515 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116208918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mizuno, T. Inoue, S. Yamaguchi, K. Sakamoto, T. Saeki, Y. Matsumoto, K. Minamiyama
The effect of pulsed high electric field on viruses in liquid was studied. Swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) and equine herpes virus-1 (EHV-1) were used in the experiment. Pulsed high voltage was applied repetitively to the converged electric field type electrode, which had an insulating plate with pinholes between parallel-plate electrodes. A pulsed high electric field was formed at the pinhole through which the virus suspension was continuously transported. SVDV in deionized water or in bovine serum could be inactivated effectively when the pulsed electric field (crest value of 30 kV/cm, exponential-decay waveform) was applied 60 to 120 times. or the input electrical energy was 43.6 to 87.2 cal/cm/sup 3/. After inactivation by the pulse application, the shape of the protein shell of SVDV did not change, but RNA contained in the core of SVDV disappeared, and hollow particles were observed. EHV-1 in minimum essential medium (MEM) could also be inactivated effectively when the pulse application number exceeded 45, or the input electrical energy was more than 32.7 cal/cm/sup 3/. Apparent damage to the envelope around EHV-1 and to the core of EHV-1 consisting of DNA could be observed.<>
{"title":"Inactivation of viruses using pulsed high electric field","authors":"A. Mizuno, T. Inoue, S. Yamaguchi, K. Sakamoto, T. Saeki, Y. Matsumoto, K. Minamiyama","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152263","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of pulsed high electric field on viruses in liquid was studied. Swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) and equine herpes virus-1 (EHV-1) were used in the experiment. Pulsed high voltage was applied repetitively to the converged electric field type electrode, which had an insulating plate with pinholes between parallel-plate electrodes. A pulsed high electric field was formed at the pinhole through which the virus suspension was continuously transported. SVDV in deionized water or in bovine serum could be inactivated effectively when the pulsed electric field (crest value of 30 kV/cm, exponential-decay waveform) was applied 60 to 120 times. or the input electrical energy was 43.6 to 87.2 cal/cm/sup 3/. After inactivation by the pulse application, the shape of the protein shell of SVDV did not change, but RNA contained in the core of SVDV disappeared, and hollow particles were observed. EHV-1 in minimum essential medium (MEM) could also be inactivated effectively when the pulse application number exceeded 45, or the input electrical energy was more than 32.7 cal/cm/sup 3/. Apparent damage to the envelope around EHV-1 and to the core of EHV-1 consisting of DNA could be observed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"26 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115770748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.M. Islam, C. B. Somuah, M. Ahmed, Y. Abdel-Magid
Speed regulation of a voltage decoupled induction motor which provides optimal efficiency and quick response is discussed. A robust first-order model reference adaptive control (MRAC)-based speed controller whose stability has been proved via Lyapunov's second method is proposed. Computer simulation results for a 100-hp squirrel-cage motor show that the proposed MRAC controller has remarkably good tracking and regulation characteristics.<>
{"title":"MRAC based speed regulation of an excitation controlled quick response induction motor","authors":"S.M. Islam, C. B. Somuah, M. Ahmed, Y. Abdel-Magid","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152168","url":null,"abstract":"Speed regulation of a voltage decoupled induction motor which provides optimal efficiency and quick response is discussed. A robust first-order model reference adaptive control (MRAC)-based speed controller whose stability has been proved via Lyapunov's second method is proposed. Computer simulation results for a 100-hp squirrel-cage motor show that the proposed MRAC controller has remarkably good tracking and regulation characteristics.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115393710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The modeling services and specific physical and mathematical models of the glass melting process that have been developed by the glass industry and related organizations are reviewed. Specific models and modeling capabilities of organizations in the US are described in terms of methods employed, model uses, availability and costs. The extent of modeling use, reasons for using or not using modeling, and perceived benefits and misgivings are also examined. Areas for potential improvement and further development of glass furnace modeling tools are identified.<>
{"title":"Modeling of the glass melting process","authors":"S. Venkateswaran, J.L. Conrad, G.A. Walzer","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152360","url":null,"abstract":"The modeling services and specific physical and mathematical models of the glass melting process that have been developed by the glass industry and related organizations are reviewed. Specific models and modeling capabilities of organizations in the US are described in terms of methods employed, model uses, availability and costs. The extent of modeling use, reasons for using or not using modeling, and perceived benefits and misgivings are also examined. Areas for potential improvement and further development of glass furnace modeling tools are identified.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123218843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harmonic distortion and its effects on current waveforms are reviewed. The problems produced by higher order harmonics, hysteresis losses in the transformers' cores, and the currents' high crest factors are discussed. Several solutions to the effects of harmonic distortion on overcurrent devices such as circuit breakers, fuses, and relays are presented, including derating the transformers, and motors to avoid overheating and sizing the overcurrent devices by measuring load currents using only true RMS sensing meters.<>
{"title":"The effects of harmonics on overcurrent protection devices","authors":"J. Brożek","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152455","url":null,"abstract":"Harmonic distortion and its effects on current waveforms are reviewed. The problems produced by higher order harmonics, hysteresis losses in the transformers' cores, and the currents' high crest factors are discussed. Several solutions to the effects of harmonic distortion on overcurrent devices such as circuit breakers, fuses, and relays are presented, including derating the transformers, and motors to avoid overheating and sizing the overcurrent devices by measuring load currents using only true RMS sensing meters.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125436454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A brushless AC servomotor drive has been developed to take advantage of the higher efficiency of IGBT transistors and a novel method for continuous torque-angle compensation in two directions. The drive employs CPU management to provide an extensive array of protection functions. The authors present the philosophy, theory and principles behind this innovative approach to AC servo-drive design and discuss the current loop, current-sensor closed loop, velocity loop, and the performance and protection functions built into the drive.<>
{"title":"New brushless AC servo drive uses isolated gate bipolar power transistors and a CPU, to obtain high dynamic performance with exceptionally high reliability and efficiency","authors":"S. Vlahu","doi":"10.1109/IAS.1990.152259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1990.152259","url":null,"abstract":"A brushless AC servomotor drive has been developed to take advantage of the higher efficiency of IGBT transistors and a novel method for continuous torque-angle compensation in two directions. The drive employs CPU management to provide an extensive array of protection functions. The authors present the philosophy, theory and principles behind this innovative approach to AC servo-drive design and discuss the current loop, current-sensor closed loop, velocity loop, and the performance and protection functions built into the drive.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":185839,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128373463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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