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MIT volume 28 issue 2 Cover and Front matter 麻省理工学院第28卷第2期封面和封面问题
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2023.13
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引用次数: 0
Modernism in Trieste: The Habsburg Mediterranean and the Literary Invention of Europe, 1870–1945 by Salvatore Pappalardo, London, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2021, 280 pp., £85.50 (hardback), ISBN 9781501369964 《的里雅斯特的现代主义:哈布斯堡地中海与欧洲文学发明,1870-1945》,Salvatore Pappalardo著,伦敦,布鲁姆斯伯里出版社,2021年,280页,85.50英镑(精装本),ISBN 9781501369964
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2023.12
Beatrice Stasi
The main theme of Pappalardo ’ s monograph is the literary invention of a Phoenician origin of Europe, which sought to promote a multi-ethnic and multicultural alternative to the dominant nationalist characterisation of the European continent. In highlighting the contrast between a literary interpretation of the ‘ multiethnic Danube region as a Europe behind the nations ’ and a historical approach focused on the ‘ hegemonic presence of the German Austrian elite ’ , the author sheds light on the ability of literature not so much to produce a utopian world but to ‘ provide an alternative paradigm to the monolithic and monolingual nation ’ , in an autonomous and structurally different way from historiography. Rather than offering the best possible reconstruction of the past, literature thus seeks to provide a mythography capable of legitimising and proposing a future project. This well-documented study could, then, be placed in a broader diachronic perspective, when the myth of origins was a recurring theme in historio-graphical exercises that were structurally mixed with rhetoric. This perspective can also frame the political and ideological stance underlying the convincing historiograph-ical and comparative approach developed in Pappalardo ’ s book, which traces references or allusions to a Phoenician mythography in the literary and non-fictional production of modernist writers linked to and inspired by the multi-ethnic environment of Habsburg Trieste – the Adriatic outpost for a Mediterranean projection of the Mitteleuropean empire. The book ’ s main thesis is further illustrated through a systematic, though by no means unprecedented, downplaying of the irredentist vocation of the Austro-Italian subjects. The book opens with a long introduction where the author clarifies the link between modernism and Europe. The first chapter explains the spread at the turn of the nine-teenth and twentieth centuries of a perception and representation of the Adriatic as a Phoenician sea, crossed and civilised since antiquity by a Semitic people who had represented
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引用次数: 0
Mussolini's Nature: An Environmental History of Italian Fascism by Marco Armiero, Roberta Biasillo and Wilko Graf von Hardenberg, translated by James Sievert, Cambridge, MS and London, The MIT Press, 2022, viii + 251 pp., $30.00 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-262-54471-9 墨索里尼的自然:意大利法西斯主义的环境史马可·阿米罗,罗伯塔·比亚西略和威尔科·格拉夫·冯·哈登伯格,翻译詹姆斯·西弗特,剑桥,MS和伦敦,麻省理工学院出版社,2022年,8 + 251页,$30.00(平装),ISBN 978-0-262-54471-9
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2023.15
Amy Muschamp
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引用次数: 1
Queer(ing) Gender in Italian Women's Writing: Maraini, Sapienza, Morante by Maria Morelli, Oxford and New York, Peter Lang, 2021, x + 306 pp., £46.35 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-78874-175-0 Queer(ing)《意大利女性写作中的性别:Maraini,Sapienza,Morante》,Maria Morelli著,牛津和纽约,Peter Lang,2021,x+306页,46.35英镑(平装本),ISBN 978-1-78874-175-0
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2023.10
This monograph demonstrates the happy marriage between queer theory and selected works of Dacia Maraini, Goliarda Sapienza, and Elsa Morante vis-á-vis the insights it affords into gender identity and its intersections with (biological) sex, the body, sexuality, and desire. Each serves the other well, with the texts illuminating the theory and the theory bringing to light new textual aspects or allowing more sophisticated and more complete interpretations of aspects examined in previous criticism. Morelli ’ s systematic application of queer theory as a literary critical tool shows how three women writers so diverse in life histories, ideas and ideologies (Morante and Sapienza were not supporters of feminism), writing styles, and chronology of output exhibit similar concerns and a similar approach to gender that depart from the pensiero della differenza sessuale , the Italian feminist philosophy that theorised an essential female difference originating in the body. This philosophy, which emerged alongside equality feminism during the 1970s and 1980s, namely when the selected works were written or published, has been used extensively to interpret post-1968 Italian women ’ s writing in the wake of Lazzaro-Weis ’ s 1993 pioneering study From Margins to Mainstream: Feminism and Fictional Modes in Italian Women ’ s Writings (1968 – 1990) . Morelli argues that, in creating characters who feel ill at ease in normative categories of gender and sexual identity and who are immersed in non-hegemonic multi-layered situations, dis/located spaces, and non-linear temporalities, Maraini, Sapienza, and Morante challenge the female-male binary and the imperatives of heterosexuality and reproduction that sustain patriarchal societies and subtend feminist thought of difference despite the latter ’ s aim to dismantle current concepts of femininity. In doing so, their works advocate more fluid and becoming subjectivities and ways of living that are akin
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引用次数: 0
‘L'espoir quotidien’. Cultures et imaginaires socialistes en France et en Italie (1944–1949) by Virgile Cirefice, Rome, École française de Rome, 2022, 580 pp., €35.00 (paperback), ISBN 9782728315314 “每天的希望。”法国和意大利的社会主义文化和想象(1944-1949年),维吉尔·西雷菲斯,罗马,法国罗马学院,2022580页,35.00欧元(平装本),ISBN 9782728315314
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2023.9
Daniele Pipitone
team, has become a site onto which fans project memories and desires. Her physical absence allows for fan involvement: the section of the final chapter on the Mina fan group on Facebook argues that a collective, prosthetic memory of the star is constantly being constructed through the images and memories shared on social media, alongside the tributes by RAI in 2020 which drew on the institutional weight of the RAI televisual archives. As Haworth argues, Mina is ‘everywhere yet nowhere’. Her curated image still has the emotional power of a deeply felt memory, even for younger generations, sometimes felt as a nostalgia for former media forms like early television. In the conclusion Haworth briefly addresses another aspect of Mina: that of camp, reading her through the Sontagian lens of excess, artifice and theatricality. Mention of drag performances as Mina might allow us to open up an aspect that Haworth has not been able to analyse, which is that of Mina as gay icon. More audience research is needed here, but the camp aspects of Mina and her diva vulnerability have made her perfect for appropriation by the queer star Mahmood, or by Italian-American drag queen Aquaria, who was photographed as Mina for Vogue Italia in 2018. Ultimately Haworth’s excellent book points forward to many more meanings of Mina, yet to be explored.
team.com已经成为球迷们投射记忆和愿望的网站。她的身体缺席允许粉丝参与:最后一章关于Facebook上米娜粉丝群的部分认为,通过社交媒体上分享的图像和记忆,以及2020年RAI的致敬,不断构建对这位明星的集体、假记忆,这些纪念利用了RAI电视档案的机构重要性。正如霍沃斯所说,米娜“无处不在,却又无处可去”。她精心策划的形象仍然具有深刻记忆的情感力量,即使对年轻一代来说,有时也会被视为对早期电视等前媒体形式的怀旧。在结语中,霍沃斯简要地阐述了米娜的另一个方面:坎普,通过桑塔吉安式的过度、技巧和戏剧性的镜头来解读她。提到像米娜一样的变装表演可能会让我们打开一个霍沃斯无法分析的方面,那就是米娜作为同性恋偶像的一面。这里需要更多的受众研究,但米娜的阵营性和她的女主角脆弱性使她成为酷儿明星马哈茂德(Mahmood)或意大利裔美国变装皇后阿夸里亚(Aquaria)的完美选择,后者在2018年为意大利版《Vogue》拍摄了米娜的照片。最终,霍沃斯这本优秀的书指出了米娜的更多意义,但仍有待探索。
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引用次数: 0
The Many Meanings of Mina: Popular Music Stardom in Post-war Italy by Rachel Haworth, Bristol, Intellect Press, 2022, xix + 240 pp., £80.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-1-789-38560-1 米娜的许多含义:战后意大利的流行音乐明星雷切尔·霍沃思,布里斯托尔,智力出版社,2022年,19 + 240页,80.00英镑(精装本),ISBN 978-1-789-38560-1
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2023.8
Catherine O’Rawe
of condemned prisoners at the Fosse Ardeatine: two chosen at random and eight names of Jews. According to him, these eight Jews owed him their lives. Debenedetti reconstructs Alianello’s logic. Alianello wants to prove in the court of public opinion that he was one of the good guys. If the most characteristic connotation of Fascism was the persecution of Jews, he will offer the most incontrovertible connotation of antifascism: the protection of the Jews (p. 59). Debenedetti disqualifies this double game: you cannot transform black into white, massacre into magnanimity. A reflection, perhaps, also on the ineffectiveness of postwar justice and purge processes. Crimes against Jews became very difficult to prosecute after the amnesty issued by Minister of Justice Palmiro Togliatti in June 1946, and many criminals were not convicted. La nave di Teseo’s new edition of these two stories is welcome and necessary. Debenedetti’s message is important today more than ever to fight resurgent racist discourse. The publishing house perhaps missed an opportunity to add to the tributes in the book one from a present-day historian: such an engagement would have further enhanced the long-standing documentary value of Debenedetti’s book. Nevertheless, the edition is clear and easy to read, and the two tales are short and poignant, making the book a good educational tool for students.
Fosse Ardatine的死刑犯名单:两个随机选择,八个犹太人的名字。据他说,这八个犹太人欠他的命。Debenedetti重构了Alianello的逻辑。Alianello想在公众舆论的法庭上证明他是好人之一。如果说法西斯主义最具特色的内涵是对犹太人的迫害,那么他将提供反法西斯最无可争议的内涵:保护犹太人(第59页)。Debenedetti取消了这种双重游戏的资格:你不能把黑人变成白人,不能把大屠杀变成宽宏大量。也许这也是对战后司法和清洗程序无效性的反思。1946年6月,司法部长帕尔米罗·托利亚蒂颁布大赦令后,针对犹太人的罪行变得非常难以起诉,许多罪犯没有被定罪。La nave di Teseo对这两个故事的新版是受欢迎的,也是必要的。Debenedetti的信息在今天比以往任何时候都更重要,以对抗死灰复燃的种族主义言论。出版社可能错过了一个机会,在书中添加一位当代历史学家的悼念:这样的参与将进一步提高德比内德蒂这本书长期以来的纪录片价值。尽管如此,这本书清晰易读,两个故事简短而辛酸,使这本书成为学生们的一个很好的教育工具。
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引用次数: 0
The March on Rome revisited. Silences, historians and the power of the counter-factual 重访罗马进军。沉默,历史学家和反事实的力量
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2023.5
J. Foot
Abstract This historiographical article will argue that the March on Rome (October–November 1922) was the end point of a serious and at that point unique insurrectionary project, which followed three intense years of Fascist violence (where the state had rarely if ever taken on the Fascists, and had often colluded passively or actively with them). It was accompanied by violence and constant threats of further violence, in Rome and across Italy. It was in no way a bluff – but also stood as a warning to all those who still imagined that Fascism could be opposed, on the streets, in parliament, or at the ballot box. The violence hit bystanders, but was also targeted at the private homes of communists, socialists and hated liberals, and at centres of urban resistance in Rome itself. This article will look in detail at the ways historians have understood the March on Rome, and systematically removed the violence from that event, ignored the March itself and played down the role of the squadristi. It will also look at the powerful role of a ‘what if’ counter-factual which has dominated most accounts of the March on Rome to date, with some recent exceptions.
这篇史学文章将论证,向罗马进军(1922年10月至11月)是一场严肃而独特的起义项目的终点,它是在法西斯暴力的三年激烈之后发生的(在这三年里,国家很少与法西斯分子发生冲突,而且经常被动或主动地与他们勾结)。在罗马和整个意大利,伴随着暴力和持续不断的暴力威胁。这绝不是虚张声势,而是对所有那些仍然认为法西斯主义可以在街头、议会或投票箱上被反对的人发出了警告。暴力袭击了旁观者,但也瞄准了共产主义者、社会主义者和令人憎恶的自由主义者的私人住宅,以及罗马本身的城市抵抗中心。本文将详细探讨历史学家对罗马大游行的理解方式,并系统地从该事件中删除暴力,忽略游行本身并淡化骑兵的作用。它还将探讨“假如”反事实的强大作用,迄今为止,除了最近的一些例外,“假如”反事实主导了大多数关于罗马进军的报道。
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引用次数: 0
Searching for Japan: 20th Century Italy's Fascination with Japanese Culture by Michele Monserrati, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 2020, xi + 246 pp., £29.99 (paperback), ISBN 978-1-78962-107-5 – ADDENDUM 《寻找日本:20世纪意大利对日本文化的迷恋》Michele Monserrati著,利物浦,利物浦大学出版社,2020年,xi + 246页,29.99英镑(平装本),ISBN 978-1-78962-107-5 -附录
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2023.7
Nicola Bassoni
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引用次数: 0
Poor, sinful and dangerous women: illegal prostitution in the Mezzogiorno before and after Unification 贫穷、有罪和危险的妇女:统一前后Mezzogiorno的非法卖淫
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2023.6
O. Greco
Abstract In the nineteenth century, when Italy was undergoing significant institutional and socio-economic changes, the bourgeoisie affirmed its principles of ‘respectability’. In this context, the spread of prostitution among the poorest and most disadvantaged classes of the South became a real obsession for bourgeois society. Through the study of primary sources relating to various health institutions, this paper aims to assess the role of the Opere Pie in the control and management of prostitution. It furthermore highlights the hybrid function of the re-education, assistance and segregation of those women who represented a danger to bourgeois morality and order. Finally, it sheds light on the living conditions and social environment of young prostitutes.
19世纪,当意大利经历了重大的制度和社会经济变革时,资产阶级肯定了其“体面”的原则。在这种背景下,卖淫在南方最贫穷和最弱势阶级中的蔓延成为资产阶级社会真正的困扰。通过对与各卫生机构有关的主要资料来源的研究,本文的目的是评估开放派在控制和管理卖淫方面的作用。它还突出了对那些对资产阶级道德和秩序构成威胁的妇女进行再教育、援助和隔离的混合功能。最后,揭示了年轻妓女的生存状况和社会环境。
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引用次数: 0
Building pasta's empire: Barilla in Italian East Africa 意大利面帝国的建立:意大利东非的Barilla
IF 0.5 3区 历史学 Q3 AREA STUDIES Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1017/mit.2023.3
Diana Garvin
Abstract This article investigates the role that Italian food companies like Barilla pasta played in creating narratives of East African empire at the apex of the Fascist ventennio. It aims to use the commercial remnants of Fascist empire to provide a more thorough accounting of how colonialism shaped the modern cultural history of Italian pasta. To do so, I analyze the paper ephemera, that is, the pasta advertisements and packaging, that connected occupied East Africa to Italy, demonstrating how regime projects to promote grain evolved into corporate projects in private industry. I argue that these two stories form a single cohesive narrative, one that can unite much of the excellent work that has been done on Fascist agriculture in empire with the transnational history of Italian food companies. East African empire, as depicted by Italian pasta shapes and advertisements, was consumable. At stake in this inquiry lies the shifting question of Italian national identity, framed by food products in global contexts.
摘要本文探讨了像Barilla pasta这样的意大利食品公司在法西斯鼎盛时期创造东非帝国叙事中所扮演的角色。它旨在利用法西斯帝国的商业残余,更彻底地解释殖民主义如何塑造意大利面食的现代文化史。为了做到这一点,我分析了将被占领的东非与意大利联系起来的论文《昙花一现》,即意大利面广告和包装,展示了促进粮食的政权项目如何演变为私营行业的企业项目。我认为,这两个故事形成了一个连贯的叙事,可以将帝国法西斯农业方面的许多优秀工作与意大利食品公司的跨国历史结合起来。正如意大利面食形状和广告所描绘的那样,东非帝国是可消费的。这项调查的利害关系在于,在全球范围内,以食品为框架的意大利国家身份问题正在发生变化。
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引用次数: 0
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Modern Italy
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