810 Parts two and three explore war time zones and ruin temporalities respectively. In the case of the former, Pong begins with a fascinating historical account of the complex time zone shifts that occurred around the Second World War as these shifts were embroiled in questions of national politics. Chapters four and five look beyond Britain to the temporal politics of neutral Ireland, through close attention to works by Bowen and Green, and occupied France, drawing on Storm Jameson. The tensions between “temporal heterogeneity and temporal homogeneity” in Virginia Woolf’s Between the Acts (1941) and T. S. Eliot’s Four Quartets (1935–42) form the subject of chapter six and Pong invokes an ecological paradigm in this discussion (163). I have reservations about the necessity of this paradigm to an understanding of “temporal diversity” in these works; at the same time, it allows Pong to bring questions of space to bear on ideas of time and this results in compelling readings, especially in relation to the “entanglement of temporalities” in Eliot’s poetry (162, 173). In keeping with the striking visuality of wartime ruinscapes, the chapters of part three are more eclectic in scope in terms of the kinds of materials that are foregrounded. Chapter seven is partly devoted to artistic portrayals of ruin archaeology while chapter eight spotlights cinematic approaches. These chapters pivot on representations of childhood and young adulthood with a view to possible post-war futures. The book culminates, in chapter nine, with an analysis of Rose Macaulay’s The World My Wilderness (1950), what Pong classifies as a “delinquent Bildungsroman” in its dual expression of the “disillusionment and collapse of a way of national self-perception, and the material, sociological effects that this would have on that nation’s future generations” (239). British Literature and Culture in Second World Wartime is replete with startling historical details—for example, the tactical time zone alignments that took place in war-torn Europe or the archaeological revelations of the Blitz—but it also attends to the bigger question of how we conceive of time itself. Pong incorporates perspectives both on the ancient past and on the prospect of a “post-human future,” while honing in on the temporal paradoxes that shaped wartime experiences at this crucial historical juncture (264). As such, this illuminating study, grounded in thorough and careful research, represents an important intervention, not just in the field of midcentury studies but in the area of war studies more broadly. Arriving in the middle of a pandemic that has entailed forms of dreadful suspension on a global scale, it speaks to the chronophobic peculiarities of our own moment too. This is a book that is “timely” in more ways than one.
{"title":"Biological Modernism. The New Human in Weimar Culture by Carl Gelderloos (review)","authors":"R. Buch","doi":"10.1353/mod.2021.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2021.0067","url":null,"abstract":"810 Parts two and three explore war time zones and ruin temporalities respectively. In the case of the former, Pong begins with a fascinating historical account of the complex time zone shifts that occurred around the Second World War as these shifts were embroiled in questions of national politics. Chapters four and five look beyond Britain to the temporal politics of neutral Ireland, through close attention to works by Bowen and Green, and occupied France, drawing on Storm Jameson. The tensions between “temporal heterogeneity and temporal homogeneity” in Virginia Woolf’s Between the Acts (1941) and T. S. Eliot’s Four Quartets (1935–42) form the subject of chapter six and Pong invokes an ecological paradigm in this discussion (163). I have reservations about the necessity of this paradigm to an understanding of “temporal diversity” in these works; at the same time, it allows Pong to bring questions of space to bear on ideas of time and this results in compelling readings, especially in relation to the “entanglement of temporalities” in Eliot’s poetry (162, 173). In keeping with the striking visuality of wartime ruinscapes, the chapters of part three are more eclectic in scope in terms of the kinds of materials that are foregrounded. Chapter seven is partly devoted to artistic portrayals of ruin archaeology while chapter eight spotlights cinematic approaches. These chapters pivot on representations of childhood and young adulthood with a view to possible post-war futures. The book culminates, in chapter nine, with an analysis of Rose Macaulay’s The World My Wilderness (1950), what Pong classifies as a “delinquent Bildungsroman” in its dual expression of the “disillusionment and collapse of a way of national self-perception, and the material, sociological effects that this would have on that nation’s future generations” (239). British Literature and Culture in Second World Wartime is replete with startling historical details—for example, the tactical time zone alignments that took place in war-torn Europe or the archaeological revelations of the Blitz—but it also attends to the bigger question of how we conceive of time itself. Pong incorporates perspectives both on the ancient past and on the prospect of a “post-human future,” while honing in on the temporal paradoxes that shaped wartime experiences at this crucial historical juncture (264). As such, this illuminating study, grounded in thorough and careful research, represents an important intervention, not just in the field of midcentury studies but in the area of war studies more broadly. Arriving in the middle of a pandemic that has entailed forms of dreadful suspension on a global scale, it speaks to the chronophobic peculiarities of our own moment too. This is a book that is “timely” in more ways than one.","PeriodicalId":18699,"journal":{"name":"Modernism/modernity","volume":"28 1","pages":"810 - 813"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49321658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/10732748221103331
Luz Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero, Jorge Organista-Nava, Yazmín Gómez-Gómez, Julio Ortiz-Ortiz, Daniel Hernández-Sotelo, Oscar Del Moral-Hernández, Miguel Angel Mendoza-Catalán, Ramón Antaño-Arias, Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez, Natividad Sales-Linares, Verónica Antonio-Véjar, Berenice Illades-Aguiar
Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of precancerous lesions and CC cases worldwide.
Objective: We assessed the prevalence and distribution of HPV types and their association with precancerous lesions and CC.
Methods: HPV genotypes were detected by 3 methods depending on the year of in which the sample was analyzed: MY09/11 RFLPs (1997 to 2010), GP5+/6+ primer systems (2005 to 2010) and INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra (2010 to 2019) in cervical samples (No-IL: 4445; LSIL: 2464; HSILs: 151 and CC: 253) from women from southern Mexico.
Results: The overall HPV prevalence was 54.17%, and hpv-16 was the most common genotype. In single infection, the high-risk HPV genotypes (group 1) were associated with squamous intraepitelial lesions (LSIL: HPV-39 (OR = 10.58, 95% CI 4.09-27.36, P < .001); HSIL: HPV-31 (OR = 14.76, 95% CI 6.56-33.20, P < .001); and CC: HPV-16 (OR = 25.01, 95% CI 18.83-33.21, P < .001). In multiple infections, the HPV genotypes (HPV-16 and HPV-18) were also associated with a high risk of lesions [LSIL: HPV-18 (OR = 3.45; 95% CI 1.36-8.91; P = .009); HSIL: HPV-18 (OR = 5.12; 95% CI 1.21-21.68; P = .026); and CC: HPV-16 (OR = 3.03; 95% CI 1.72-5.32; P < .001)] compared to single infection. In the analysis adjusted for age, giving birth, and cigarette smoking, a significant increase in the risk of LSIL, HSIL, and CC was maintained.
Conclusions: This study provides current data on the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes in women from southern Mexico, which could serve as a valuable reference to guide nationwide CC screening programs and provide scientific evidence that could be useful for vaccine development efforts. Likewise, it was identified that infection with carcinogenic HPV genotypes is an independent risk factor for LSIL, HSIL, and CC.
背景：宫颈癌（CC）是女性生殖道第四大常见恶性肿瘤。人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是导致全球癌前病变和宫颈癌病例的主要原因：我们评估了 HPV 类型的流行和分布情况，以及它们与癌前病变和 CC 的关联：墨西哥南部妇女宫颈样本（No-IL：4445；LSIL：2464；HSILs：151和CC：253）中的MY09/11 RFLPs（1997年至2010年）、GP5+/6+引物系统（2005年至2010年）和INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra（2010年至2019年）：结果：HPV 的总体感染率为 54.17%，hpv-16 是最常见的基因型。在单次感染中，高危 HPV 基因型（第 1 组）与鳞状表皮内病变相关（LSIL：HPV-39（OR = 10.58，95% CI 4.09-27.36，P < .001）；HSIL：HPV-31（OR = 14.76，95% CI 6.56-33.20，P < .001）；CC：HPV-16（OR = 25.01，95% CI 18.83-33.21，P < .001）。在多次感染中，与单次感染相比，HPV 基因型（HPV-16 和 HPV-18）也与高病变风险相关[LSIL：HPV-18（OR = 3.45；95% CI 1.36-8.91；P = .009）；HSIL：HPV-18（OR = 5.12；95% CI 1.21-21.68；P = .026）；CC：HPV-16（OR = 3.03；95% CI 1.72-5.32；P < .001）]。在对年龄、生育和吸烟进行调整后的分析中，LSIL、HSIL 和 CC 的风险仍显著增加：这项研究提供了墨西哥南部妇女中 HPV 基因型流行和分布的最新数据，可作为指导全国 CC 筛查计划的宝贵参考，并为疫苗开发工作提供有用的科学证据。同样，研究还发现，感染致癌 HPV 基因型是导致 LSIL、HSIL 和 CC 的独立风险因素。
{"title":"Prevalence and Distribution of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes (1997-2019) and Their Association With Cervical Cancer and Precursor Lesions in Women From Southern Mexico.","authors":"Luz Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero, Jorge Organista-Nava, Yazmín Gómez-Gómez, Julio Ortiz-Ortiz, Daniel Hernández-Sotelo, Oscar Del Moral-Hernández, Miguel Angel Mendoza-Catalán, Ramón Antaño-Arias, Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez, Natividad Sales-Linares, Verónica Antonio-Véjar, Berenice Illades-Aguiar","doi":"10.1177/10732748221103331","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748221103331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of precancerous lesions and CC cases worldwide.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We assessed the prevalence and distribution of HPV types and <b>their</b> association with precancerous lesions and CC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HPV genotypes were detected by 3 methods depending on the year of in which the sample was analyzed: MY09/11 RFLPs (1997 to 2010), GP5+/6+ primer systems (2005 to 2010) and INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra (2010 to 2019) in cervical samples (No-IL: 4445; LSIL: 2464; HSILs: 151 and CC: 253) from women from southern Mexico.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall HPV prevalence was 54.17%, and hpv-16 was the most common genotype. In single infection, the high-risk HPV genotypes (group 1) were associated with squamous intraepitelial lesions (LSIL: HPV-39 (OR = 10.58, 95% CI 4.09-27.36, P < .001); HSIL: HPV-31 (OR = 14.76, 95% CI 6.56-33.20, P < .001); and CC: HPV-16 (OR = 25.01, 95% CI 18.83-33.21, P < .001). In multiple infections, the HPV genotypes (HPV-16 and HPV-18) were also associated with a high risk of lesions [LSIL: HPV-18 (OR = 3.45; 95% CI 1.36-8.91; P = .009); HSIL: HPV-18 (OR = 5.12; 95% CI 1.21-21.68; P = .026); and CC: HPV-16 (OR = 3.03; 95% CI 1.72-5.32; P < .001)] compared to single infection. In the analysis adjusted for age, giving birth, and cigarette smoking, a significant increase in the risk of LSIL, HSIL, and CC was maintained.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides current data on the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes in women from southern Mexico, which could serve as a valuable reference to guide nationwide CC screening programs and provide scientific evidence that could be useful for vaccine development efforts. Likewise, it was identified that infection with carcinogenic HPV genotypes is an independent risk factor for LSIL, HSIL, and CC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18699,"journal":{"name":"Modernism/modernity","volume":"3 1","pages":"10732748221103331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9136461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88580950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Poet Stung: Verse Drama, Modern Rhythm, and the Politics of W. H. Auden's Metrical Stammer","authors":"Ben Glaser","doi":"10.1353/mod.2021.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2021.0051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18699,"journal":{"name":"Modernism/modernity","volume":"28 1","pages":"511 - 534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46296699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Langston Hughes, Blues Poetry, and the Distance between Poems and Songs","authors":"Florian Gargaillo","doi":"10.1353/mod.2021.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2021.0050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18699,"journal":{"name":"Modernism/modernity","volume":"28 1","pages":"497 - 509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49183614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surveying the Avant-Garde: Questions on Modernism, Art, and the Americas in Transatlantic Magazines by Lori Cole (review)","authors":"L. Klich","doi":"10.1353/mod.2021.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2021.0036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18699,"journal":{"name":"Modernism/modernity","volume":"28 1","pages":"601 - 603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47354962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Samuel Beckett's \"Philosophy Notes.\" ed. by Steven Matthews and Matthew Feldman (review)","authors":"M. Farrant","doi":"10.1353/mod.2021.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2021.0048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18699,"journal":{"name":"Modernism/modernity","volume":"28 1","pages":"598 - 600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48929168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
589 tion, reading it as a set of meditations on the “subtle forms of harm” that can come about when print culture is approached exclusively as a means of cultural transmission (193). Da argues that Eaton’s Mrs. Spring Fragrance stories are set “in a fictional space where you are socially legible only if the literature of others makes you act and acts on you”—a claustrophobic space wherein minor literary “tweaks and glitches” convey the costs of exaggerating literature’s transformative, subjectifying capacities (196, 201). A closer look at chapter four should convey the remarkable blend of erudition and precision that Da brings to the work of letting us experience scenes of apparently clichéd literary encounter anew (and more historically precisely). In this chapter, “The Things Things Do Not Have to Say,” Da lucidly sets forth the transnational context wherein Sino-U.S. relations were imagined as a balm to internal political tensions in both nations; she then rereads an oft-cited embodiment of literary exchange—in which Dong Xun inscribed a translation of Longfellow’s “A Psalm of Life” on a Mandarin fan, and gifted it to Longfellow—as a paradigmatic instance of intransitivity. She does this by recovering “outmoded genres” in both national literatures: the transfer between literature and objects that enables Longfellow’s poetry to substitute for human connections; the practices of poetic inscription, occasional poetry, and literary allusionism that informed Dong’s intransitive practice of translation (128). Ultimately, Da shows that Longfellow’s poem “encouraged its own nontranslation,” and that Dong approached it “as an opportunity to coordinate deeply resonant, transformative sentiments that were already available, and not as a point of delivery for deeply resonant, transformative concepts from the outside” (156). This revelatory account of an intransitive poem-object that commemorated (and substituted for) a highly visible occasion of cross-cultural exchange illustrates the immense stakes of Da’s argument in attending to literature’s limitations: they enhance our access to literary practices and modes of reading that have been obscured by a critical tendency to overemphasize cross-cultural reading as a pathway to deep and durable transformation—whether on the scale of nations or individual readers. Although its focus is on nineteenth-century transpacific exchanges, Intransitive Encounter’s methodological and theoretical contributions will resonate far beyond its field. At the heart of the book and the Sino-U.S. encounters it elucidates are a set of concerns—about the purpose of translation, the limits of cross-cultural communication, the dynamics of literary influence, the materiality and occasionality of literary objects, and what literature can make thinkable or actionable in the world—that are at the center of conversations in modernist studies, comparative literature, cross-cultural communications, and transnational literary studies
{"title":"Producing Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Literature, Film, and Transnational Politics by Yuko Shibata (review)","authors":"D. Lewis","doi":"10.1353/mod.2021.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2021.0038","url":null,"abstract":"589 tion, reading it as a set of meditations on the “subtle forms of harm” that can come about when print culture is approached exclusively as a means of cultural transmission (193). Da argues that Eaton’s Mrs. Spring Fragrance stories are set “in a fictional space where you are socially legible only if the literature of others makes you act and acts on you”—a claustrophobic space wherein minor literary “tweaks and glitches” convey the costs of exaggerating literature’s transformative, subjectifying capacities (196, 201). A closer look at chapter four should convey the remarkable blend of erudition and precision that Da brings to the work of letting us experience scenes of apparently clichéd literary encounter anew (and more historically precisely). In this chapter, “The Things Things Do Not Have to Say,” Da lucidly sets forth the transnational context wherein Sino-U.S. relations were imagined as a balm to internal political tensions in both nations; she then rereads an oft-cited embodiment of literary exchange—in which Dong Xun inscribed a translation of Longfellow’s “A Psalm of Life” on a Mandarin fan, and gifted it to Longfellow—as a paradigmatic instance of intransitivity. She does this by recovering “outmoded genres” in both national literatures: the transfer between literature and objects that enables Longfellow’s poetry to substitute for human connections; the practices of poetic inscription, occasional poetry, and literary allusionism that informed Dong’s intransitive practice of translation (128). Ultimately, Da shows that Longfellow’s poem “encouraged its own nontranslation,” and that Dong approached it “as an opportunity to coordinate deeply resonant, transformative sentiments that were already available, and not as a point of delivery for deeply resonant, transformative concepts from the outside” (156). This revelatory account of an intransitive poem-object that commemorated (and substituted for) a highly visible occasion of cross-cultural exchange illustrates the immense stakes of Da’s argument in attending to literature’s limitations: they enhance our access to literary practices and modes of reading that have been obscured by a critical tendency to overemphasize cross-cultural reading as a pathway to deep and durable transformation—whether on the scale of nations or individual readers. Although its focus is on nineteenth-century transpacific exchanges, Intransitive Encounter’s methodological and theoretical contributions will resonate far beyond its field. At the heart of the book and the Sino-U.S. encounters it elucidates are a set of concerns—about the purpose of translation, the limits of cross-cultural communication, the dynamics of literary influence, the materiality and occasionality of literary objects, and what literature can make thinkable or actionable in the world—that are at the center of conversations in modernist studies, comparative literature, cross-cultural communications, and transnational literary studies","PeriodicalId":18699,"journal":{"name":"Modernism/modernity","volume":"28 1","pages":"589 - 591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44035173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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