Minerva dental and oral science最新文献

Maintaining a microbial-free environment in healthcare facilities is more widely recognized as an essential component of therapies to minimize transmission of viruses associated with healthcare sector. The global spread of COVID-19 and recent outbreaks have presented humanity with previously unheard-of challenges. The development of autonomous disinfection robots seems to be necessary given the urgent need for constant sterilization in the face of a labor shortage. Due to their automated and perceived cost advantages by eliminating cleaning staff, these robots are being advertised more and more as an easy solution to immediately disinfect rooms and operating areas. The use of these services lowers the danger of infection, and expense of traditional cleaning and, most significantly, builds trust and security in medical facilities. Currently, routine (manual) cleaning is not replaced by disinfection robots; rather, they may support it. Additional hospital and device design alterations are necessary to address the overshadowing (visibility) issue allowing Ultraviolet disinfectant (UV-D) robots move freely in the medical environment. More technical developments and clinical studies in a variety of hospitals are needed to overcome the current challenges and find ways to integrate this unique technology into hospitals now and in the future. Thus, we present a review that includes detailing all elements required for it to function, as well as both its advantages and disadvantages. To the best of our knowledge, very limited studies have collected an in- depth data on the sterilization effect using a disinfection robot in the field of dentistry. We believe that this data will work as a foundation in more advanced uses at diverse sites that require disinfection and will highlight unsolved challenges and potential research avenues for UV robot operational concerns in dental hospitals. The goal of this work is to offer a comprehensive manual for UV-D robots covering pertinent information on traditional Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) system along with advancements in UV-D robots and thereby focusing on in-depth application in medical and dental facilities.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of maxillary canine impaction through cephalometric evaluation.

Methods: One hundred and eighty-two Caucasian patients (80 males and 102 females) with a mean age of 12.4±0.5 were retrospectively enrolled in the present study. Ninety patients with impacted canines were compared with ninety-two patients with physiologically erupted canines. The following cephalometric variables were analyzed: SNA, ANB, SN-GOME, GO-ME, SP-CL, SELLA TURCICA DEPHT, A-Pt LINE, B-Pt LINE, A-Pt LINE°, B-Pt LINE°, A1s-Pt, A1i-Pt, A1s-Pt°, A1i-PT°, A-SN, B-SN and SN-U1. When applicable, a paired sample t-test was performed to investigate the difference in means between the two sample groups, while the Mann-Whitney Test was used as a non-parametric test in the case of a non-normal distribution of data. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.

Results: The group with impacted canines showed an increase in Go-Me distance, SNA angle and A1s-Pt angle compared with the control group. In addition, the same group showed a decrease in A-SN and SP-Cl distance compared with the control group.

Conclusions: An increase in mandibular length (GO-ME) and SNA angle associated with a reduction in A-Sn distance and interclinoid distance (SP-Cl) were observed in patients with impacted canines.

This review provides practical recommendations for dental practitioners in dealing with oral lesions associated with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), offering clinically relevant insights to increase the awareness of these diseases in the mainstream of everyday practice. STDs are acquired through unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex and are caused by more than 30 different types of bacteria, viruses and protozoa. Saliva, precum, semen, vaginal secretions and menstrual blood could be likely vehicles of infections and defensive barriers to infection by pathogenic microbes could be represented via intact mucosal membrane, the diluent function of saliva, and the antimicrobial action of salivary enzymes that collectively contribute to oral health and protection. STD, can directly and indirectly affect mucous membranes, manifesting with characteristic diagnostic signs and lesions. Given their potential oral manifestations, dental professionals need a comprehensive understanding of STD. The findings of this review lay a foundation for comprehending several STDs, emphasizing the importance of physicians as well dental practitioners being open to discussing sexuality issues with patients and providing appropriate therapeutic interventions.

Background: Salivary oxidative stress has been extensively studied with attempts to correlate changes in the oxidative stress markers with local and systemic factors, including smoking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of two forms of smoking, cigarettes and waterpipe smoking (WPS), on selected oxidative stress biomarkers in saliva.

Methods: Three groups of participants were enrolled into the study, controls (never smokers), cigarette smokers and WPS. Participants were clinically free from periodontitis and systemic conditions known to affect the saliva constituents. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected according to a standard protocol and concentrations of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and cortisol. The one-way ANOVA test was used to compare the levels of each oxidative stress biomarker between the three study groups and the hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to test the levels of salivary cortisol for prediction of other oxidative stress biomarkers. Significance levels were set at 95% confidence intervals and probability values ≤0.05.

Results: 8-OHdG was highest in WPS group (mean±SE 11,030.35±1829.16 pg/mL) while MDA and cortisol levels were highest in the cigarette smokers group (mean±SE 3.33±0.52 µM and 3.99±0.48 ng/mL, respectively) and MPO was highest in the control group (mean±SE 7.760±1.55 ng/mL). WPS group showed the highest TAC (mean±SE 0.3±0.03 mM). However, none of the tested makers reached a statistically significant difference.

Conclusions: Despite subtle changes in some biomarkers, the salivary oxidative stress does not appear to be significantly influenced by smoking habits in periodontitis-free smokers.

Background: Teeth bleaching is a common practice performed by dental hygienists and dentists to correct aesthetic problems due to dental discoloration. Patients' opinions on this procedure may be different according to their personal experiences, expectations and individual sensitivities. The aim of this study is to assess the degree of satisfaction and related sensitivity of patients to professional and home bleaching treatment.

Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 12 multiple-choice questions was submitted to 625 subjects among general population. These were related to: 1) patient's age and whether the patient is a smoker; 2) personal satisfaction; and 3) post-treatment tooth sensitivity. Descriptive analyses of all variables in the questionnaire were performed, and statistical analyses between variables were carried out by Chi-square test and Fisher's Exact test.

Results: Of the people surveyed, 66% performed home bleaching, while the remaining performed the treatment in a dental office. Thirty-three percent of patients had previously undergone teeth bleaching and the 95.7% stated that they were satisfied with the treatment. Of these, only 36.4% reported experiencing postoperative hypersensitivity. Most patients (91.3%) received professional scaling before undergoing bleaching treatment.

Conclusions: Patient satisfaction with tooth whitening treatment can vary from patient to patient and represents a strong indicator of treatment efficacy and suitability. A proper communication, careful management and individualized patient assessment are key to maximizing satisfaction and ensuring a positive and fulfilling patient experience.

Background: Preservation of primary teeth in children is highly important. Pulpotomy is a commonly performed treatment procedure for primary teeth with extensive caries. Thus, biocompatibility of pulpotomy agents is highly important. Biodentine, calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement, ferric sulfate, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus are commonly used for this purpose. Thus, this study aimed to assess the apoptotic effects of Biodentine, CEM cement, ferric sulfate, and MTA on stem cells isolated from the human pulp of exfoliated deciduous teeth.

Methods: In this in-vitro, experimental study, stem cells isolated from the human pulp of exfoliated deciduous teeth were exposed to three different concentrations of Biodentine, CEM cement, ferric sulfate, and MTA for different time periods. The cytotoxicity of the materials was evaluated by flow cytometry using the annexin propidium iodide (PI) kit. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test at P<0.05 level of significance.

Results: All four tested materials induced significantly greater apoptosis compared with the control group. The difference in cell apoptosis caused by the first concentration of ferric sulfate and MTA was not significant at 24 hours. In other comparisons, the cytotoxicity of ferric sulfate was significantly lower than that of other materials. Biodentine showed higher cytotoxicity than MTA at first; but this difference faded over time. The cytotoxicity of CEM cement was comparable to that of MTA. The highest cell viability was noted at 24 hours in presence of the minimum concentration of ferric sulfate. The lowest cell viability was noted at 72 hours in presence of the maximum concentration of CEM cement.

Conclusions: In comparison with other materials, ferric sulfate showed minimum cytotoxicity; the cytotoxicity of the three cements was comparable. It appears that the concentration of ferric sulfate and the composition of cements are responsible for different levels of cytotoxicity.

Background: Oral cancer is a serious health issue in both the developing and developed worlds, and it is one of the most common forms of cancer of the head and neck. In accordance with the 2017 World Health Organization classification, oral cancer can affect any part of the mouth, including the buccal mucosa, the front two-thirds of the tongue, the lip, the palate, the vestibule, the alveolus, the floor of the mouth, and the gingivae. Hematology and electrolyte balance have been proposed as tumor indicators and paths into cancer's genesis. Examining the patient's blood count and electrolyte levels in order to better understand their oral cancer.

Methods: Electrolyte abnormalities are common in cancer patients and may be caused by the disease itself or by treatment. Hyponatremia is the most frequent electrolyte problem in cancer patients, and it is typically caused by the syndrome of improper ADH secretion. Although electrolyte problems are associated with a worse prognosis for cancer patients, timely and effective therapy has the potential to enhance both short- and long-term results and quality of life. Hematological tests on patients with oral cancer, including differential cell count, white blood cell count, and hemoglobin level.

Results: Compared to healthy controls, oral cancer patients show statistically significant differences in a number of biochemical parameters, including electrolytes (sodium, P<0.05; potassium, P=0.89; chloride, P<0.05); differential count (neutrophils, P<0.05; basophils, P<0.05). A significant risk factor for cancer patients is an electrolyte imbalance, which has been linked to inappropriate anti-diabetic hormone release.

Conclusions: Clinicians will find these shifts in electrolytic level helpful in diagnosing and tracking oral cancer. Potentially malignant oral disorders and Oral squamous cell carcinoma may be better predicted using a combination of TLC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, as shown in this study.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) in the treatment of induced periodontitis in rats with experimental arthritis.

Methods: Sixty rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups according to the type of treatment and the systemic condition of the animals: CTR-S: healthy animals in which saline solution (SS) was administered; ASU-S: healthy animals in which ASU (0.6 mg/kg) was administered; AR/ASU-S: animals with induced arthritis in which ASU was administered; AR-S: animals with induced arthritis in which SS was administered. Periodontitis was induced by ligatures, maintained for 15 days. Subsequently, the treatment was performed by scaling with hand instruments. The SS and ASU were administered daily by gavage until euthanasia of the animals that occurred at 7, 15 or 30 days after the scaling procedure (N.=5 animals/group). Bone resorption, inflammatory infiltrate composition, and osteoclastogenesis were assessed.

Results: The AR-S group had greater bone loss, smaller amounts of fibroblasts and larger amounts of inflammatory cells than all other groups. In addition, the AR-S group had greater osteoclastogenesis in relation to the healthy animal groups.

Conclusions: The use of ASU improved the healing pattern after treatment for experimental periodontitis in animals with arthritis reducing the periodontal bone loss.

Background: High prevalence of tooth wear (TW) worldwide makes it important to assess its level in different populations. In developing countries, a shift towards geriatric population makes the evaluation of this condition even more relevant. Most indices for tooth wear are full mouth indices, which make mass population screening challenging. The objective of this study was to establish whether part-mouth recordings using selective teeth can provide similar sensitivity of the modified tooth wear index.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out over 40 working days on 400 dentate individuals aged 14-70 years, having at least 16 scorable teeth. Firstly, full mouth tooth wear of study population was recorded and categorized into four groups based on severity and extent of tooth wear. Following this, group wise data extraction was done using the full mouth scores and six different types of part-mouth analyses was done to arrive at the system which provides the best sensitivity. These part-mouth recordings should be specific such that it can differentiate to the same groups of tooth wear in the reduced data as well. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS version 21.0 (P<0.05).

Results: In 83%, at least one tooth had the exposed dentine. Part-mouth recording using "12 anterior teeth" as index teeth showed a high level of sensitivity (87.8%) than others for measuring tooth wear data.

Conclusions: The prevalence of tooth wear is high and "the part-mouth recording applied to the 12 anterior teeth" is a faster and reliable method in large population surveys for measuring tooth wear.