Minerva dental and oral science最新文献

Background: Tooth extraction is one of the most commonly performed procedures in dentistry. It is usually a traumatic procedure often resulting in immediate destruction and loss of alveolar bone and surrounding soft tissues. It is the only dental procedure which was carried out by dentists in the previous centuries and various instruments have evolved for this procedure over time. Atraumatic extraction is one of the essential dental procedures, as atraumatic extraction leads to proper wound healing and appropriate bone healing. Physics forceps have got a new role in extraction technique, that it makes just one contact point with the tooth as a unique benefit. Physics forceps depends on the physics of rotational power, lever and torque much like a bottle top removal. A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of physics forceps and conventional forces in the extraction of maxillary molar.

Methods: Eligible participants were adults aged 18-50 diagnosed with grossly decayed maxillary molars with poor endodontic prognosis and willing to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with dilacerate roots; patients with systemic diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, thyroid, tuberculosis, epilepsy seizures, COVID-19 positive; patients' non-acceptance to voluntarily participate in research a refusal to sign the informed consent. Parameters such as a crown fracture or root fracture; buccal bone fracture; time taken for extraction and operator ease on the VAS scale are assessed.

Results: Results showed that with the use of physics forces, there was very less incidence of crown fracture and no incidence of buccal bone fracture, whereas with the conventional forceps the result showed that in almost all the time taken for extraction was much more in conventional forcep and the operator ease rating was more with conventional forceps.

Conclusions: Hence, oral surgeons as well as general practitioner should adapt the use of physics forceps in routine extractions.

Background: Interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) is a clinical procedure which involves reduction and anatomic recontouring of interproximal surfaces of enamel as a method of gaining space. The biological effects related to this clinical procedure have long been discussed. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the enamel reduction efficiency and the effects on enamel surfaces of the oscillating mechanical system for interproximal enamel reduction (IPR).

Methods: Fifteen complete oscillating IPR sequences included one opener (0.1 mm), two metallic strips for active IPR phase (0.2 and 0.3 mm), three resin strips for active and initial polishing phases (0.4 and 0.5 mm), and one resin strip for polishing phase (0.15 mm). Sequences were selected and tested on fifteen freshly extracted teeth by means of tribological tests with alternative dry-sliding motion (Linear Reciprocating Tribometer; C.S.M. Instruments, Peseaux, Switzerland). A 3D analysis of treated surfaces was performed by using a TayMap software. Then, enamel surfaces were qualitatively evaluated before and after the tribological analysis, with a FEI Quanta 200 (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA) in high vacuum at 30.00 kV. Images were acquired at a 30×, 100× and 300× magnification.

Results: Minimum surface irregularities were observed on all treated enamel surfaces when compared with untreated ones. The 3D analysis showed a uniform wear pattern after tribological tests. Meanwhile, the SEM analysis revealed smooth and regular wear lines on treated surfaces after the entire mechanical IPR sequence. The macroscopic irregularities illustrated can be considered similar to those of untreated surfaces.

Conclusions: The adoption of a standardized oscillating IPR sequence allows an efficient reduction of the interproximal enamel, leaving regular and harmonious surfaces. Adequate polishing procedures should always be performed at the end of active IPR phases in order to guarantee a good long-term prognosis and proper respect of biological structures.

Background: The aim of the study was to make an objective quantitative assessment of effectiveness of procedures with the use of a therapeutic dose of ultrasounds in this nosological entity, in connection with improved biomechanical properties and alleviation of pain experienced in masseter muscles.

Methods: The study included 40 patients with temporomandibular disorder. In group 1 (N.=20) ultrasound therapy (1.2 W/cm²) was carried out, while in group 2 (N.=20) sham therapy was applied. A total of 10 procedures were performed. Myotonometric measurements and assessment of pain intensity were carried out before treatment and after the completion of procedures.

Results: The analysis revealed a significant difference (P=0.011) between the values of decrement (D) measured on day 0 (2.08±0.45 [log]) and day 4 (1.80±0.55 [log]) in group 1. In group 2 no statistically significant differences were noted between the results obtained on consecutive days of the therapeutic cycle. A statistically significant difference in values of decrement (D) between group 1 (1.80±0.55 [log]) and group 2 (2.23±0.51 [log]) was noted on day 4 of the experiment (P=0.021). Both in group 1 and in group 2, a statistically significant reduction of pain intensity (VAS Scale) was obtained.

Conclusions: The masseter muscle was more elastic during ultrasound therapy. However, the effect was transient. The analgesic effect was also observed in the control group; therefore, a placebo effect cannot be excluded.

Background: The objectives of the study are to employ modified Gallego staining in pathology and to specifically evaluate the hard tissue apposed to odontogenic epithelium in order to aid in the diagnosis.

Methods: Lillie's modification of Gallego's stain was utilized as a reference to create a fresh batch of the stain. The archival and running cases of 2021-2022 was screened for odontogenic pathologies, yielding approximately 46 cases, among these four cases were selected which required evaluation of the hard tissue matrix apposed to odontogenic epithelium for its characterization. The modified Gallego staining was employed in the soft tissue sections of these cases under controlled environment. The staining results were evaluated.

Results: The stain was used in cases to stain dentinoid deposition as green color in hybrid ameloblastoma, archegonous cystic odontoma, dentinogenic ghost cell tumor and also in other cases like calcifying odontogenic cyst. Bone presented as green in color, cells as pink color and collagen as green-pink. This helped in the correct diagnosis of these cases facilitating the correct treatment modality.

Conclusions: In the field of oral pathology, there are a multitude of lesions which are odontogenic with the diagnosis of few of them hinging on the characterization of hard tissue matrix found in close approximation to odontogenic epithelium implying an inductive capability to the odontogenic epithelium. This particular modified Gallego stain has been able to help in diagnosis of few such cases in our repertoire of cases.

Background: Dental anxiety is an excessive and irrational negative emotional state experienced by population; the dental anxiety is common throughout the lifespan and is an obstacle to improving oral health behaviors and outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in dental anxiety and to investigate if oral health impacts patients' Quality of Life and the perception of their body image.

Methods: The sample consisted of 366 subjects selected in Italy and Spain (January 2021-September 2021). For this study, data were gathered using Google Forms (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA). Data were collected including the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaires and Body Uneasiness Test.

Results: Women showed higher scores than men for the dental anxiety. The regression analysis showed that gender, age, and Oral Health Impact are predictors of "dental anxiety." A borderline significance emerges for the independent variable body uneasiness.

Conclusions: The dental anxiety is widespread in the population, with a higher prevalence among women and increases with increasing age. It can negatively affect patients' Quality of Life, well-being, and self-esteem. These results underline the importance of addressing both individual and group strategies for preventing or treating dental anxiety.

Background: Placement of dental implants into fresh extraction sockets offers some advantages, such as reduced treatment times and enhanced patient comfort. The Er,Cr:YSGG (Erbium, Chromium-doped: Yttrium, Scandium, Gallium, and Garnet) laser can significantly reduce bacterial concentration after the extraction of a compromised tooth. The aim of this article is to provide a clinical protocol for the management of implants placed in infected extraction sites decontaminated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser.

Methods: A compromised tooth, which was an abutment for a fixed bridge, with clinical and radiological signs of infection was extracted. The infected site was treated and decontaminated with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser device (Biolase iPlus^®) and two implants (Straumann^®) were placed in the same surgery, in order to rehabilitate the edentulous area. The intervention was completed by tissue regeneration with biomaterials.

Results: Prosthetic rehabilitation after the surgical phase allowed us to provide correct function and satisfactory esthetics. In the follow-up visit, clinicians found good tissue healing and did not observe any complications, such as implant loss or peri-implantitis. The technique used in our study is repeatable and predictable, but patient selection is very important for this type of protocol as the presence of contraindications can lead to failure. The photoacoustic effect exerted by this type of laser has been proven to be effective against many pathogens. Several authors have previously demonstrated the effectiveness of this technique.

Conclusions: Immediate implantation in infected sites decontaminated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser does not seem to contribute to an increased risk of failure; however, it is necessary to follow a certain set of protocols and procedures to prevent peri-implantitis and other complications.

Background: Implantology represents the therapy of choice for the rehabilitation of a partially or totally edentulous jaw in a healthy patient. Nowadays, it is possible to exploit of modern preoperative planning software, increasingly precise radiographic examinations (CBCT) and CAD/CAM technologies that allow designing devices directly on the computer to be sent to a milling center which produces the desired product, such as stereolithographic templates.

Methods: The prospective clinical study in question aims to evaluate the accuracy between two different surgical guides using peek and metal guide bushings. Twenty-nine implants were placed: for the control group, 17 3i, T3 implants were used, while for the test group, 12 Xive S plus implants were used.

Results: The result obtained shows that the deviations in the distribution of the control group and the test group are the same in the apical-coronal, vestibulo-palatal and mesio-distal direction. For the control group, the mean deviation was 1.394±0.644923 at the entry point of the implants and 1.85655±1.0765 at the most apical point of the implants. For the test group the mean deviation was 1.10157±0.312721 at the entry point of the implants and 1.54514±0.572100 at the most apical point of the implants.

Conclusions: The peek guide bushings have the same deviation as the metal ones. There is no difference in the method used, but precision must be sought in other elements, such as the patient's anatomy and maximum precision in the guide production phase.

Background: Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the most common complains faced by dental professionals, and there is still lack of consensus for the most effective treatment approaches. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of ozone therapy combined with sodium fluoride in reducing pain associated with dental hypersensitivity, compared to a paint-on adhesive desensitizing agent.

Methods: The study included 20 patients (131 teeth), selected according to specific inclusion criteria and divided into two groups according to the type of desensitizing therapy (ozone with sodium fluoride or paint-on adhesive). The efficacy of both treatments were evaluated recording pain for each treated tooth immediately after treatment, after 1 month and after 6 months using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Subjective parameters were also recorded: patients were asked to report whether they experienced pain caused by air, teeth brushing, cold and hot topical stimuli (present/absent).

Results: In both groups, pain values significantly decreased over time. Six months after treatment we registered significantly lower pain values in the ozone-treated group compared with the adhesive group and the mean percentage of NRS reduction from was significantly higher in the ozone-treated group. We did not register significant differences in subjective pain-related parameters between groups.

Conclusions: The results of this exploratory study were aimed at exploring the combined effect of ozone with natrium fluoride, which was before described only in vitro. With the limitation of the sample size, our results suggest that this approach provides a pain reduction that was comparable to the paint-on adhesive.

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is widely acknowledged as the most prevalent form of oral malignancy. The annual identification of approximately 540,000 new cases of OSCC highlights its significant impact. The survival rate beyond 5 years postsurgery remains low. The role of signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3), a signaling protein involved in various cellular processes, has garnered attention. Aberrant activation of STAT3 has been implicated in OSCC progression and aggressiveness. Understanding the impact of STAT3 dysregulation on OSCC outcomes could provide valuable insights for developing targeted therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the expression levels of STAT3 in OSCC and normal tissues of the same patients.

Methods: The expression levels of STAT3 in 63 OSCC samples were detected by qRT-PCR and compared to patient-matched-non-tumor oral tissues. Data were normalized to internal controls, and fold change in STAT3 expression was calculated using the ∆∆Ct method. Correlations between expression level and clinicopathologic characteristics like staging and grading of OSCC samples were also analyzed.

Results: Our findings demonstrated that STAT3 expression was significantly upregulated (P<0.0001) in OSCC patients compared to normal control tissue. Furthermore, we also observed a positive correlation between elevated STAT3 expression and higher OSCC histological grades when compared to the normal tissue. Well differentiated OSCC showed a slightly lower expression compared to the other two grades.

Conclusions: Our results support the involvement of STAT3 in OSCC tumorigenesis. We propose that STAT3 might be used as a potential biomarker for OSCC. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the mechanistic basis for the observed associations and to explore STAT3's potential as a therapeutic target in OSCC.

Dental injuries affect different patients every day in conditions that can range from domestic, work, or road accidents. As for traumas in the age of development, the field is restricted to domestic, sports, and school environments. The purpose of this study was to clarify the current protocols in the literature to limit and manage this type of pathology. This narrative review considers the literature of the last 20 years on this topic in different ways. The literature is in agreement with dividing the treatments into primary and secondary and also according to what is the place where the trauma occurred to evaluate the type of intervention. However, all protocols are aimed at implementing efficient preventive strategies rather than having to solve a problem subsequently, certainly, new protocols and protection systems can limit this problem which leads not only to more or less complex problems related to oral health and aesthetics but also possible subsequent psychological problems.