Minerva dental and oral science最新文献

Background: Tobacco is a major risk factor in oral diseases. Considering the important role of expression miRNA molecules in different diseases, the present study aimed to compare the expression of salivary miRNA-6734, miRNA-3123 and miRNA-4483 in smoker and non-smoker peoples.

Methods: In this case-control study, salivary samples were obtained from 30 smoker's patients and 27 healthy nonsmokers and matched in term of age and sex. RNA was extracted in salivary samples and gene expression was evaluated in all samples. Statistical analysis of data was performed using T and chi-square tests by SPSS (Ver. 16) software at a significant level of less than 0.05.

Results: The results of this study showed that the expression level of miRNA-3123 and miRNA-4483 in smokers group was 2.8 and 3.2, respectively, which was increased compared to non-smokers with expression level of 1 (P<0.01). There was a significant decrease in the expression rate of miRNA-6734 in smokers (0.6%) compared to non-smokers (P<0.05).

Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, considering the increasing miRNA-4483 and miRNA-3123 level, as well as the reducing miRNA-6734 level in smokers compared to non-smokers, it seems that evaluation of these two miRNAs as indicator for diagnosis and determination of prognosis of oral diseases associated with smoking can be used.

Background: Periodontal diagnosis is based on recording clinical parameters including bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). These techniques may be prone to errors due to different factors. Available biomarkers in the oral biofluid such as interleukin (IL)-1β could provide solutions for these issues. The study aimed to determine the potential of salivary IL-1β to differentiate periodontal health from disease and between gingivitis and periodontitis.

Methods: Patients with gingivitis (N.=25), periodontitis (N.=50), and healthy periodontium (N.=25) were recruited for this study. For each patient, whole unstimulated saliva was collected followed by recording periodontal parameters namely; Plaque Index (PI), BOP, PPD, CAL. Level of salivary IL-1β was assayed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Sensitivity and specificity of IL-1β, to differentiate any given condition, was determined by Receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC).

Results: Both BOP and PI were significantly higher in association with gingivitis and periodontitis groups as compared to controls. Concentration of salivary IL-1β in periodontal health was significantly lower than gingivitis and periodontitis groups. The biochemical analyses showed that salivary IL-1β differentiated periodontal health from gingivitis (AUC 0.949) and periodontitis (AUC 0.852) but could not discriminate gingivitis from periodontitis (AUC 0.532). The proposed cut-off points to differentiate periodontal health from gingivitis was 103.8 pg/mL, while the value of the biomarker to differentiate periodontal health from periodontitis was 102.0 pg/mL.

Conclusions: Salivary IL-1β could be a reliable biomarker with a good level of accuracy to differentiate periodontal health from disease but not to discriminate gingivitis from periodontitis.

Introduction: Oral mucositis is one of the most common complications following chemotherapy and/or head and neck radiotherapy. Various treatments for oral mucositis have been proposed. However, there has still been no review of the most frequent and most effective type of therapy to treat oral mucositis. This systematic review aims to determine the most frequent and effective types of therapy to treat and reduce the severity of oral mucositis.

Evidence acquisition: The literature search was carried out using PRISMA guidelines. Publications included from 2010 to June 2021 with a clinical trial, prospective, and retrospective observational research design. The following databases were used: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Wiley Online Library. The search was for limited articles published in English, which were screened and analyzed by three authors. The risk of bias of each study was also assessed by three authors simultaneously, using different types of instruments depending on its study design.

Evidence synthesis: Forty-seven of 1274 journals were included. From 3577 subjects, oral mucositis was more common in males than females (2.12: 1), with a mean age of 56.39 (18-90 years). The most commonly used types of therapy are low-level laser therapy (396 subjects) and lysozyme-based compounds (314 subjects). Meanwhile, the most effective type of therapy is low-level laser therapy.

Conclusions: Low-level laser therapy is the most commonly used oral mucositis therapy and is also the most effective in reducing the degree of oral mucositis and associated pain.

Background: In some clinical cases, full-arch impression could be difficult to take correctly with the digital way. Patients with high flow salivary rate or with difficulties in mouth opening can still benefit from a conventional impression with elastomer materials that can be directly or indirectly digitized. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and precision of two different intraoral scanners (IOSs) and an impression material with scannable properties, by means of three-dimensional analysis of a complete dental arch.

Methods: An anatomical model of complete upper arch, modified with a Scan body placed in the retroincisive area, was used. It was firstly scanned by a desktop scanner to create a digital reference model. Then, 3 groups were created, each constituted by 5 samples. In the first group, 5 impressions were taken from the same master model with the scannable PVS material (Hydrorise Implant), 5 scans were taken using Trios4 (3Shape) and other 5 scans with iTero Element 5D (iTero). STL files obtained from IOSs, and scanned impressions were three-dimensionally superimposed on the STL file of the reference model using the Scan body geometry.

Results: The ANOVA Test (P<0.005) did not show any statistically significant difference between the accuracy and precision values of the groups. Each group shows clinically acceptable deviations from the reference model.

Conclusions: Scannable polyvinylsiloxane impression materials are equally accurate and precise as the two IOSs tested in full-arch dentate impressions.

The year 2020 will be remembered around the world for the Coronavirus pandemic. The better-known Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is transmitted between individuals through the droplets produced by infected people and is an infectious disease caused by a type of Coronavirus when they exhale, cough or sneeze, or touch a contaminated surface and then touch their eyes, nose or mouth. The pandemic has activated all those measures that provide for a state of emergency with consequent remodeling of health facilities in cases of urgency that cannot be deferred. In this work, a path within a public or private medical facility was highlighted, using individual protective devices for the patient, establishing behaviors that can reduce the spread of the virus. The COVID-19 path has allowed the health personnel and the staff of the study to be able to work in peace as there is the perception of the total containment of the spread of the virus. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a Coronavirus type transmitted through droplets produced by infected people when they cough, sneeze or exhale. Our proposal in dictating the sequence and types of protective devices to be worn by patients minimizes the contagion between patients in a professional healthcare office and is applicable for any type of infectious emergency.

Background: Several types of suture materials are available for oral surgery. However, the most used non-resorbable suture in oral surgery is 3/0 silk. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of knotless/barbed sutures with silk sutures during the postoperative period after the third molar surgery in terms of clinical and microbiological parameters.

Methods: The study comprised 38 patients who underwent surgical extraction of a mandibular impacted third molar. The patients were divided into two groups. The mucoperiosteal flap was closed using 3/0 knotless/barbed sutures for the test group and 3/0 silk sutures for the control group. The duration of suturing was recorded during surgery. Pain level, postoperative edema, and trismus were measured at 3 and 7 days after surgery. The status of plaque formation on the sutures was scored using the Plaque Index at 3 and 7 days after the surgery. At 7 days, the suture materials were removed and submitted to the laboratory for microbiological analysis. The level of pain during suture removal was also recorded by a Visual Analog Scale.

Results: The duration of suturing in the barbed sutures group was found significantly lower than in silk sutures (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the suture types in terms of trismus and edema at 3 and 7 days after surgery (P>0.05). On the third day after surgery and during suture, removal pain scores were statistically significantly lower in the barbed suture group than in the silk suture group (P<0.05). The Plaque Index values of the barbed sutures were statistically significantly lower than that of the silk sutures at 3 and 7 days after surgery (P<0.05). Aerobic, anaerobic, and aerobic/anaerobic mean colony forming units (CFUs) were statistically significantly lower in the barbed suture group than in the silk suture group (P<0.05).

Conclusions: Barbed sutures increase the ease of operation and patient comfort with less postoperative pain than silk sutures. Additionally, less plaque accumulation and lower bacterial colonization were found on the barbed/knotless sutures than on the silk sutures.

Introduction: A systematic review of the literature available up to October 2020 has been conducted to determine which cranial plane could represent a stable and reliable parameter to evaluate the orientation of the occlusal plane in a frontal view.

Evidence acquisition: An electronic research was performed across the following electronic databases: PUBMED, EBSCO, SCOPUS, WoS, COCHRANE LIBRARY, SciELO, EMBASE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR. Observational studies based on imaging and anthropometry were identified, and all languages have been included. The articles were selected and analyzed by three authors independently. PICO format was adopted to analyze the studies and AXIS guidelines were used to assess the quality of evidence.

Evidence synthesis: We found eleven articles eligible for full-text analysis. All studies included only young subjects and analyzed the occlusal plane in relation to the frontal plane traced between the right and left tragus (Camper's and Frankfurt planes), to the interpupillary plane, and to other soft and hard tissues references. The outcomes of selected studies were various, with a low quality of evidence, and they did not allow to infer a stable cranial relation between the occlusal plane and other bone structures.

Conclusions: The evidence does not support that the interpupillary plane represent a reliable parameter to evaluate the occlusal plane orientation in a frontal view; instead, the Frankfurt plane could be a much more stable reference parameter, from a morphological perspective. It is necessary to perform an observational study upon craniums to define which are the most stable cranial reference planes to determine the orientation of the occlusal plane in dentate subjects.

Etruscans, people living in Etruria (Umbria and Tuscany, Italy), were the first to make dentures and false teeth, from 700 BCE onwards. The aim of this study was to investigate, through archaeological and anthropological records, the Etruscans ability in dental practice to understand better Greek's influence on their medical knowledge and, subsequently, the transmission of their medical expertise to Romans. We extensively searched literature to find out references in previous studies on Etruscan medical and dental practice by using keywords such as "Etruscan medicine" and "Etruscan dentistry." We selected various historical papers, from the ancient age texts of 5^th century to 2020, which best focused on the review's purpose. Etruscan civilization was influenced by Greek's culture throughout Italian colonies and later "merge" into Greek-Roman culture. Their medical practice based on a mixture of mythology, religion, and technical abilities, especially regarding metalworking. Archaeological remains show a great competence in creating dental prosthesis and in treatment of oral diseases. The results of this paper provide an evident contribution to the knowledge of Etruscan culture, still largely unknown by an anthropological point of view, and their strong relationship with the Greeks colonies, in a profitable cultural exchange.

Background: A recent systematic review failed to identify one approach for alveolar ridge preservation with superior outcomes. The present case series aimed to evaluate the dimensional changes of sites undergoing Biologically-oriented Alveolar Ridge Preservation (BARP).

Methods: The sockets were filled with a collagen sponge up to 4-5 mm from the most coronal extensions of the crest. Xenograft particles were placed to fill the coronal part. In cases with a compromised buccal/lingual bone, an additional collagen sponge was interposed between the residual cortical bone plate and the mucoperiosteal flap. A collagen sponge was placed to cover the graft.

Results: The study population consisted in 10 extraction sites. Mean change in bone width and vertical ridge position as observed from BARP to re-entry for implant placement were 1.3 mm (14.4%) and 0.6 mm, respectively. The mean distance between buccal and lingual flap healing by secondary intention shifted from 4.9 mm immediately after BARP to 1.8 mm at 2 weeks. No marked differences in the dimensional changes of alveolar ridge were observed between sites with intact or deficient buccal bone plate. All implants were successfully loaded at 2-3 months after placement. In one case, bone augmentation was required.

Conclusions: The stratification of materials proposed in BARP-technique and the additional use of a resorbable device to stabilize graft particles at the buccal aspect provided the conditions for maintaining the ridge dimensions following tooth extraction comparable to the other technique of ARP, restricting the use of graft material to the most coronal portion of the socket.

Background: This study aimed to determine the differences between preclinical and clinical dental students' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding Coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 303 undergraduate dental students (107 clinical students and 196 preclinical students). Questionnaires were given to the participants using an online data collection platform. The online questionnaire covered the dental students' socio-demographic information and their knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of Coronavirus disease.

Results: More frequently than preclinical students, clinical students benefited from the latest information about the COVID-19 outbreak obtained from television, internet news sites, and the World Health Organization website (P<0.05). The use of other protective equipment other than gloves and goggles has changed from "No" before the pandemic to "Yes" onset of the pandemic (P<0.001). The knowledge level of infection control in dentistry increased significantly more for clinical students than for preclinical students (P<0.001).

Conclusions: Although dental students show reasonable knowledge, attitudes and behavior about COVID-19, attention should be taken to provide education on infectious diseases, starting from preclinical classes, and to make real information resources provided by global and national health authorities accessible to students.