Materials Characterization最新文献_第3页

Synergistic effect of Cu-rich precipitate and reversed austenite on mechanical property and corrosion resistance of Fe-13Cr-5Ni-3Cu super martensitic stainless steel 富cu析出物和反转奥氏体对Fe-13Cr-5Ni-3Cu超级马氏体不锈钢力学性能和耐蚀性的协同作用

IF 5.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2026.116034

Ye Yuan , Yinsong Xie , Konghui Ma , Hong Liang , Zicheng Li , Yu Liu , Taisen Zuo , Zhaohui Dong , Hongying Yu , Dongbai Sun , Xin Xu

The microstructural evolution, mechanical response and corrosion behavior of a model super martensitic stainless steel (SMSS) Fe-13Cr-5Ni-3Cu tempered at 600 °C were systematically studied. A multiscale characterization approach combining synchrotron X-ray diffraction, small-angle neutron scattering, electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveals the coupled evolution of Cu-rich precipitates (CRPs) and reversed austenite (RvA). CRPs exhibit sequential anisotropic growth, initially elongating along the long axis and subsequently coarsening along the short axis. Their number density and volume fraction peak at 1 h before declining with tempering time due to coarsening and coalescence. The interplay between CRPs and RvA governs the time-dependent mechanical and electrochemical properties of the alloy. Short-term tempering produces fine CRPs that maximize precipitation strengthening and strain hardening, yielding superior strength–ductility synergy, tensile strength of 868 MPa with 16% elongation for 1 h tempering, without sacrificing corrosion resistance. In contrast, prolonged tempering leads to CRP coarsening and RvA-induced softening, reduced strength and impaired pitting resistance. These results establish a clear process–microstructure–property relationship for Cu-bearing SMSSs, assisting the development of the next-generation SMSSs with optimized strength and corrosion resistance.

研究了Fe-13Cr-5Ni-3Cu模型超马氏体不锈钢（SMSS）在600℃回火后的组织演变、力学响应和腐蚀行为。结合同步x射线衍射、小角中子散射、电子背散射衍射和透射电镜的多尺度表征方法揭示了富cu析出相（CRPs）和反向奥氏体（RvA）的耦合演化。CRPs表现出顺序的各向异性生长，最初沿长轴拉长，随后沿短轴变粗。它们的数量、密度和体积分数在回火1 h达到峰值，然后随着回火时间的延长，由于粗化和聚并而下降。CRPs和RvA之间的相互作用决定了合金的力学和电化学性能随时间的变化。短期回火产生精细的CRPs，最大限度地提高沉淀强化和应变硬化，产生卓越的强度-塑性协同作用，回火1小时拉伸强度为868 MPa，伸长率为16%，而不牺牲耐腐蚀性。相反，长时间回火导致CRP变粗和rva诱导的软化，强度降低和抗点蚀能力受损。这些结果为含cu smss建立了清晰的工艺-显微组织-性能关系，有助于开发具有优化强度和耐腐蚀性的下一代smss。

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引用次数: 0

High-hardness AlNbTiZrN films prepared by magnetron sputtering: Microstructural characterization, and tribological behavior 磁控溅射制备高硬度AlNbTiZrN薄膜：微观结构表征和摩擦学性能

IF 5.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2026.116052

Bingxu Wang , Peng Li , Zhipeng Yuan , Yinghui Dong , Wenjun Yang , Zhaobing Cai , Le Gu

Under demanding operating conditions, mechanical equipment (such as rolling bearings) frequently experiences premature surface failure, leading to significantly reduced service life and economic losses. The performance of conventional physical vapor deposition films (such as TiN) has reached its limits, making it difficult to meet higher protective requirements. This work employed response surface methodology to optimize the cathode power, substrate temperature, and bias voltage during the magnetron sputtering process, ultimately successfully fabricating high-hardness AlNbTiZrN films (S1). The final optimized deposition parameters were established as follows: power 1600 W, temperature 400 °C, and bias voltage 200 V. Structural analysis revealed that the S1 film has a face-centered cubic structure, preferentially oriented along the (200) crystal plane. XPS analysis indicated that nitrogen atoms formed a solid solution with metal atoms. Compared with the control group (S2, parameters: power 1200 W, temperature 300 °C, bias 150 V), the S1 film showed a reduction in grain size and a dense, spherical particle surface morphology. Furthermore, the S1 film outperformed the S2 film in terms of H/E, H³/E², and elastic recovery capability. Furthermore, the tribological properties of high-hardness AlNbTiZrN films were evaluated under various tribological test conditions, and their tribological behavior was analyzed. In the context of tribological testing (loads: 1–3 N; frequencies: 1–3 Hz) conditions, it was observed that the high-hardness AlNbTiZrN films exhibited reduced friction coefficients and augmented wear resistance. The analysis of tribological behavior indicated that the main wear mechanisms for high-hardness AlNbTiZrN films are three-body wear and oxidation wear, with no cracking or delamination during friction, demonstrating excellent suitability for high-frequency/ high-load conditions.

在苛刻的操作条件下，机械设备（如滚动轴承）经常经历过早的表面失效，导致使用寿命显着降低和经济损失。传统的物理气相沉积膜（如TiN）的性能已经达到极限，难以满足更高的防护要求。本工作采用响应面法优化磁控溅射过程中阴极功率、衬底温度和偏置电压，最终成功制备了高硬度AlNbTiZrN薄膜（S1）。最终确定的优化沉积参数为：功率1600 W，温度400℃，偏置电压200 V。结构分析表明，S1薄膜具有面心立方结构，优先沿（200）晶面取向。XPS分析表明，氮原子与金属原子形成固溶体。与对照组（S2，参数：功率1200 W，温度300℃，偏压150 V）相比，S1薄膜的晶粒尺寸减小，表面形貌致密，呈球形。此外，S1薄膜在H/E、H3/E2和弹性恢复能力方面优于S2薄膜。在不同的摩擦学测试条件下，对高硬度AlNbTiZrN薄膜的摩擦学性能进行了评价，并对其摩擦学行为进行了分析。在摩擦学测试（载荷：1-3 N，频率：1-3 Hz）条件下，观察到高硬度AlNbTiZrN薄膜的摩擦系数降低，耐磨性增强。摩擦学行为分析表明，高硬度AlNbTiZrN薄膜的主要磨损机制为三体磨损和氧化磨损，在摩擦过程中无开裂和脱层现象，具有良好的高频/高负荷适应性。

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引用次数: 0

Laser cleaning for titanium alloy: Surface quality and mechanism 钛合金激光清洗：表面质量及机理

IF 5.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2026.116050

Yihui Gao , Wei Guo , Zhu Li , Ming Liu , Haolin Zeng , Jianhua Yao

Nanosecond laser cleaning was employed to remove organic contaminants and oxide films from the surface of titanium alloy. The effects of laser fluence on surface morphology, roughness, elemental composition, oxide film thickness, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated employing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The original surface was covered with oil stains and oxygen-rich particles, with an oxide film approximately 10 nm thick. At a fluence of 6.11 J/cm², surface contaminants were completely removed, the roughness decreased by 32%, the oxygen content reduced by 35%, and the oxide film thickness decreased to 3.6 nm without any observable surface damage. When the fluence was below 4.08 J/cm², cleaning was incomplete, whereas fluences above 8.15 J/cm² caused surface cracking. Further increasing the fluence beyond 10.18 J/cm² resulted in ablation craters accompanied by oxide film thickening. Residual stress increased with rising fluence, while microhardness, yield strength, and tensile strength remained nearly unchanged, with a slight improvement in elongation, thereby confirming the non-destructive nature of the process. The analysis indicates that the cleaning mechanism is primarily driven by thermal ablation, accompanied by melting and localized secondary oxidation. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing non-destructive laser cleaning processes of titanium alloys prior to welding.

采用纳秒激光清洗技术去除钛合金表面的有机污染物和氧化膜。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱（EDS）、x射线光电子能谱（XPS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和x射线衍射仪（XRD）系统地研究了激光通量对表面形貌、粗糙度、元素组成、氧化膜厚度和力学性能的影响。原始表面覆盖着油渍和富氧颗粒，有一层约10纳米厚的氧化膜。在6.11 J/cm2的影响下，表面污染物被完全去除，粗糙度下降32%，氧含量下降35%，氧化膜厚度下降到3.6 nm，表面无明显损伤。当影响度小于4.08 J/cm2时，清洗不完全，大于8.15 J/cm2时，表面开裂。当能量通量超过10.18 J/cm2时，会产生烧蚀坑，并伴有氧化膜增厚。残余应力随流量的增加而增加，而显微硬度、屈服强度和抗拉强度几乎保持不变，延伸率略有提高，从而证实了该工艺的非破坏性。分析表明，清洗机理主要由热烧蚀驱动，并伴有熔化和局部二次氧化。该研究为优化钛合金焊接前非破坏性激光清洗工艺提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Successful cladding tube production for next gen fission reactors using friction extrusion and pilgering 新一代裂变反应堆包层管的成功生产

IF 5.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2026.116047

Aishani Sharma , Jens Darsell , Dalong Zhang , Jia Liu , Kayla H. Yano , Tingkun Liu , Xiang Wang , Xiao Li , Mark Rhodes , Stuart Maloy , Eda Aydogan

The need for advanced materials in nuclear reactors has spotlighted ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened steels for their excellent high-temperature strength, irradiation resistance, and corrosion tolerance. However, conventional powder metallurgy routes such as mechanical alloying often involve multiple processing steps which are complex, time consuming and costly. Additionally, such techniques are often associated with microstructural inhomogeneities and defects. The current study introduces a novel friction extrusion process for producing fully consolidated oxide dispersion strengthened steel rods from powder precursors. The rods are subsequently machined into tubes with an approximate wall thickness of ∼1 mm by drilling holes through their center. The process leverages intense shear deformation at a reduced temperature (∼1000 °C) to achieve consolidation and uniform dispersion of oxides. As proof of concept, pilgering was applied to fabricate thin-walled cladding tubes of ∼0.5 mm wall thickness from the extruded tubes with uniform cross-sections. Microstructural and mechanical characterization confirmed a high dispersion of nanometric oxides (>10²⁰/ m³) in both the extruded and pilgered tubes along with enhanced mechanical properties, comparable to those achieved via conventional methods.

由于核反应堆对先进材料的需求，铁素体氧化物弥散强化钢因其优异的高温强度、耐辐照性和耐腐蚀性而备受关注。然而，传统的粉末冶金路线，如机械合金化，往往涉及多个加工步骤，这是复杂的，耗时和昂贵的。此外，这种技术通常与微观结构的不均匀性和缺陷有关。本研究介绍了一种新的摩擦挤压工艺，用于从粉末前驱体中生产完全固结的氧化物分散强化钢棒。随后，通过在杆的中心钻孔，将杆加工成壁厚约为1毫米的管。该工艺在降低温度（~ 1000°C）下利用强烈的剪切变形来实现氧化物的固结和均匀分散。作为概念的证明，采用柱塞法从具有均匀横截面的挤压管中制造壁厚约0.5 mm的薄壁包层管。微观结构和力学特性证实了纳米氧化物在挤压和挤压管中的高度分散（>1020/ m3），并增强了机械性能，与通过传统方法获得的性能相当。

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引用次数: 0

A microstructural characterization of temperature-dependent microbial corrosion of 5Cr-0.5Cu steel in simulated SRB-containing shale gas field produced water 模拟含srb页岩气田采出水中5Cr-0.5Cu钢温度相关微生物腐蚀的显微组织表征

IF 5.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2026.116048

Juntao Yuan , Wenhao Feng , Huihui Zhang , Xuanpeng Li , Fengling Tan , Jufeng Huang , Juantao Zhang , Anqing Fu

The present study investigated the corrosion behavior of 5Cr-0.5Cu steel in a simulated produced water solution from shale gas fields containing Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB). The investigation employed weight loss tests, ultra-depth microscopy, SEM, XPS, and FIB-TEM techniques. The results indicate that temperature exerts a substantial influence on the microstructure of the corrosion product film on the steel surface. In the presence of elevated levels of SRB activity at a lower temperature (30 °C), the formation of a dense biofilm composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) is promoted. These substances contain elements such as carbon (C), oxygen (O), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S). This process instigates localized microenvironmental alterations, resulting in exacerbated uniform corrosion and pitting corrosion with extended immersion duration. It has been established that at an elevated temperature of 90 °C, the activity of SRB is suppressed. Concurrently, a multilayer corrosion product film with a thickness of approximately 200 nm is formed on the steel surface. The composition of the film is such that it consists of an inner layer of Fe- and P-rich oxides and an outer layer of Si-rich oxides. The microbial corrosion inhibition mechanism of the 5Cr-0.5Cu steel can be attributable to two factors. Firstly, the bactericidal effect of copper ions is attributable to the dissolution of nanoscale FCC-structured Cu-rich precipitates. These precipitates migrate to the SRB cell surface, thereby inducing oxidative damage. Secondly, the barrier effect of the amorphous FePO₄ film formed at the steel substrate/SRB interface, which prevents direct contact between bacteria and the substrate.

研究了5Cr-0.5Cu钢在含硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）页岩气田模拟采出水中的腐蚀行为。研究采用了减重试验、超深度显微镜、扫描电镜、XPS和FIB-TEM技术。结果表明，温度对钢表面腐蚀产物膜的组织有较大影响。在较低温度下（30°C） SRB活性水平升高时，促进了由细胞外聚合物质（EPS）组成的致密生物膜的形成。这些物质含有碳(C)、氧(O)、磷(P)和硫(S)等元素。这一过程引发了局部微环境的改变，随着浸泡时间的延长，均匀腐蚀和点蚀加剧。已经确定，在90℃的高温下，SRB的活性被抑制。同时，在钢表面形成厚度约200nm的多层腐蚀产物膜。薄膜的组成是这样的，它由富铁和富磷氧化物的内层和富硅氧化物的外层组成。5Cr-0.5Cu钢的微生物缓蚀机理可归因于两个因素。首先，铜离子的杀菌作用是由于纳米级fcc结构富cu沉淀物的溶解。这些沉淀物迁移到SRB细胞表面，从而引起氧化损伤。其次，在钢基体/SRB界面处形成的非晶FePO4膜的阻隔作用，阻止了细菌与基体的直接接触。

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引用次数: 0

Insight into the microstructure evolution and deformation mechanisms of a medium-entropy superalloy during hot deformation 热变形过程中中熵高温合金组织演变及变形机制的研究

IF 5.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2026.116042

Linfu Zhang , Ziang Zhang , Kang Liu , Peng Zhang , Qiang Zhu , Jie Xu , Debin Shan , Guohua Fan , Bin Guo

Medium-entropy superalloys (MESAs) are effective candidates for next-generation wrought superalloys, yet their hot deformation behavior is not well understood. In this study, a novel MESA was subjected to isothermal compression tests over a wide range of temperatures (1040–1200 °C) and strain rates (0.01–10 s⁻¹). The microstructures resulting from these varied deformation parameters were then systematically characterized and analyzed. It was found that the γ’ solvus temperature acts as a critical threshold, fundamentally governing microstructural evolution. Below the solvus, the strong pinning effect of the γ’ phase, combined with twins, provided multiple nucleation sites. This activated a complex interplay of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX), continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), particle-stimulated recrystallization (PSN), and twinning-induced recrystallization (TDRX), resulting in an ultrafine-grained structure. Conversely, above the solvus, recrystallization proceeded via a combination of DDRX and CDRX, making the final grain size highly sensitive to the thermomechanical parameters. This research advances the fundamental understanding of microstructure evolution and its associated deformation mechanisms in MESAs during hot deformation, providing critical guidance for optimizing the microstructure and mechanical properties of MESAs.

中熵高温合金（MESAs）是下一代变形高温合金的有效候选材料，但其热变形行为尚不清楚。在这项研究中，一种新型MESA在宽温度范围（1040-1200°C）和应变速率（0.01-10 s−1）下进行了等温压缩试验。然后系统地表征和分析了这些不同变形参数导致的微观结构。发现γ′溶剂温度是一个临界阈值，从根本上控制着微观组织的演变。在溶剂下，γ′相的强钉钉效应与孪晶相结合，提供了多个成核位点。这激活了不连续动态再结晶（DDRX）、连续动态再结晶（CDRX）、粒子激发再结晶（PSN）和孪生诱导再结晶（TDRX）的复杂相互作用，导致超细晶结构。相反，在溶剂上，通过DDRX和CDRX的组合进行再结晶，使最终晶粒尺寸对热力学参数高度敏感。本研究为MESAs热变形过程中微观结构演变及其相关变形机制的研究提供了基础，为MESAs的微观结构和力学性能的优化提供了重要的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Schmid factor aided slip pattern analysis; A method for determination of orientations of FCC crystals from slip traces 施密德因子辅助滑移模式分析；用滑移迹测定FCC晶体取向的方法

IF 5.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2026.116021

Jani Penttilä , Tuomo Nyyssönen , Veli-Tapani Kuokkala , Lassi Raami , Pasi Peura

This study introduces a fast and cost-effective method for accurate crystallographic orientation determination from slip patterns of four and three traces, and from two traces with limited certainty. The method combines established graph-based and trigonometric methods and adds three new key elements: subsequent uniaxial stresses in X and Y directions, dark-field microscopy, and Schmid’s law. Developed for face centered cubic (FCC) materials with low stacking fault energy and annealed structures, the method utilizes MATLAB-based algorithms and custom-built image processing software for enhanced efficiency. Its accuracy is validated against electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data collected prior to compression testing and slip pattern analysis. The developed software tools are made available with the study. This method offers significant potential for efficient texture and slip trace analysis.

本研究介绍了一种快速且经济有效的方法，可以从四道和三道滑移模式以及有限确定性的两道滑移模式中精确确定晶体取向。该方法结合了已有的基于图形和三角函数的方法，并增加了三个新的关键要素：X和Y方向的后续单轴应力、暗场显微镜和施密德定律。该方法是针对具有低层错能和退火结构的面心立方（FCC）材料开发的，利用基于matlab的算法和定制的图像处理软件来提高效率。通过压缩测试和滑移图分析之前收集的电子背散射衍射（EBSD）数据验证了其准确性。已开发的软件工具随本研究一并提供。这种方法为有效的纹理和滑动轨迹分析提供了巨大的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Hot piercing deformation behavior and dynamic softening-rehardening transition mechanism of S30432 S30432热刺变形行为及动态软化-再硬化转变机理

IF 5.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2026.116040

Zhiqiang Li , Zhuo Song , Baifeng Dong , Li Wu , Hua Hou , Yuhong Zhao

In the process of large plastic deformation of hot piercing of seamless steel tubes, the initial microstructure state and the softening-hardening transition mechanism under long-range large strain conditions are extremely important for the precise control of hot piercing process of seamless steel tubes in actual production. The hot deformation behavior and softening-hardening interaction mechanism of S30432 in a wide temperature range of 900 °C–1150 °C and a wide strain rate range of 0.001 s⁻¹–1 s⁻¹ were systematically studied. By establishing an accurate hot processing map, the optimal hot processing window is 1100–1150 °C, 0.1–1 s⁻¹, and the actual hot piercing seamless pipe production process is optimized. For the first time, the three hot working states of positive work hardening-rehardening cyclic fluctuation, steady-state rheological state and negative work hardening-rehardening transition dominated by heterogeneous gradient structure under long-range large strain conditions are revealed. The rehardening mechanism under the condition of long-range large strain is derived from the dual contribution of the long-range back stress generated by the dislocation proliferation of the rheological structure in the heart and the heterogeneous deformation induced hardening generated by the heterogeneous gradient structure of the deformation section. This finding can provide a reference for the study of the transformation of strengthening mechanism caused by microstructure changes such as gradient structure in the process of large plastic deformation of metal materials.

在无缝钢管热穿孔大塑性变形过程中，长时间大应变条件下的初始组织状态和软硬化过渡机制对实际生产中无缝钢管热穿孔过程的精确控制极为重要。系统研究了S30432在900℃~ 1150℃宽温度范围和0.001 s−1 ~ 1 s−1宽应变速率范围内的热变形行为和软硬化相互作用机理。通过建立精确的热加工图，优化热加工窗口为1100-1150℃，0.1-1 s−1，对实际热穿无缝管生产工艺进行优化。首次揭示了长程大应变条件下正加工硬化-再硬化循环波动、稳态流变状态和以非均质梯度结构为主的负加工硬化-再硬化相变三种热加工状态。长程大应变条件下的再硬化机制是由心部流变结构的位错扩散产生的长程背应力和变形截面的非均质梯度结构产生的非均质变形诱发硬化的双重贡献得出的。这一发现可为研究金属材料大塑性变形过程中梯度结构等微观组织变化引起的强化机制转变提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Slip transfer analysis of copper microwires observed via point contact reaction 通过点接触反应观察铜微线的滑移传递分析

IF 5.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2026.116043

Yu-Sheng Lin , Cheng-Chih Hsiang , Yi-Chia Chou

Understanding the deformation mechanisms in Cu microwires is essential for enhancing their performance in advanced electronics and interconnect technologies. In this study, the deformation behavior of bamboo-type copper (Cu) microwires subjected to high-temperature point-contact reactions were systematically examined using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Key geometrical parameters—including the Luster-Morris parameter (m’), residual Burgers vector (Δb), and Schmid factor—were analyzed to elucidate slip deformation processes. The results revealed marked distinctions in slip transfer characteristics between bamboo segment interiors and segment boundaries. Grain boundaries consistently exhibited higher Δb and lower m’ values, indicating significant barriers to dislocation movement and resulting in pronounced localized deformation. In contrast, grain interiors demonstrated higher m’ and lower Δb values, facilitating more effective slip transfer. Statistical analysis indicated that misorientation angles exceeding 50° were common within grain segments, while fewer high-angle boundaries occurred at segment junctions, implying structural disfavorability. Furthermore, parameters Δb and the combined m’/Δb were confirmed as reliable quantitative indicators for differentiating slip compatibility between grain interiors and boundaries. This study provides novel insights into grain boundary deformation behaviors specific to high-temperature processed bamboo-type Cu microwires, bridging existing knowledge gaps and informing strategies to optimize their mechanical performance.

了解铜微线的变形机制对于提高其在先进电子和互连技术中的性能至关重要。本文采用电子背散射衍射（EBSD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）相结合的方法，系统地研究了高温点接触反应下竹型铜（Cu）微丝的变形行为。分析了关键几何参数，包括Luster-Morris参数（m '）、剩余Burgers向量（Δb）和Schmid因子，以阐明滑移变形过程。结果表明，竹节段内部和竹节段边界之间的滑移传递特征存在显著差异。晶界始终表现出较高的Δb和较低的m′值，表明位错运动存在明显的障碍，导致明显的局部变形。相反，颗粒内部表现出较高的m′和较低的Δb值，有利于更有效的滑移传递。统计分析表明，晶段内的取向角大于50°是常见的，而晶段连接处的高角度晶界较少，表明晶段结构不利。进一步验证了Δb参数和m′/Δb组合参数是区分晶内与晶界滑移相容性的可靠定量指标。该研究为高温加工竹型铜微丝的晶界变形行为提供了新的见解，弥补了现有的知识空白，并为优化其机械性能提供了策略。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced corrosion behavior of nanocrystalline Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloy by ω phase transformation during heat treatment 热处理过程中ω相变增强纳米晶Ti-2Fe-0.1B合金的腐蚀行为

IF 5.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2026.116033

Yu Wang , Yu Lu , D.O. Stukalin , Konglan Meng , E.R. Mamedova , Yuecheng Dong , Igor V. Alexandrov , Guohua Fan

In the present study, corrosion behavior of nanocrystalline Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloy after heat treatment during 300-450 °C was studied. The original grain size of Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloy by high-pressure torsion (HPT) at 6 GPa, 1 rpm and 5 turns can reach to 20 nm. Accompany with the temperature from increased 300 °C to 450 °C, the grain size presented an increased tendency. Concurrently, electrochemical test shows that the corrosion rate decreased from 2.74 × 10^-4 mm·a^-1 to 1.22 × 10^-4 mm·a^-1 (a reduction of ∼55%). This contradicts the conventional understanding that corrosion resistance decreases with increasing grain size. Further analysis indicates that the improvement of corrosion resistance can be attributed to the

ω \to α / β

transformation during heat treatment, which decreases the number of point defects (e.g., oxygen vacancies and cation interstitials) incorporated into the passive film, then resulting in a denser and more stable film. Moreover, the

ω

-phase provides nucleation sites for α precipitation, further stabilizing the microstructure and resisting localized corrosion. In terms of mechanical properties, annealing led to a slight reduction in strength and hardness (UTS 1568 → 1327 MPa, HV 483 → 363), a minor increase in ductility (1.09 → 1.14%), and improved hardness uniformity. The core conclusion of this work is that correlating

ω

-phase fraction with the defect chemistry of passive films elucidates the role of the

ω

-phase in nanocrystalline Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloys. These findings demonstrate that heat treatment is an effective strategy to regulate

ω

-phase mediated defect chemistry and thereby enhance the corrosion resistance of nanocrystalline Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloys, providing practical guidance for the design of

β

-stabilized titanium alloys with superior corrosion resistance.

本研究研究了纳米晶Ti-2Fe-0.1B合金在300-450℃热处理后的腐蚀行为。在6 GPa、1 rpm、5转的高压扭转下，Ti-2Fe-0.1B合金的原始晶粒尺寸可达20 nm。随着温度从300℃升高到450℃，晶粒尺寸呈增大趋势。同时，电化学测试表明，腐蚀速率从2.74 × 10-4 mm·a-1降低到1.22 × 10-4 mm·a-1（降低约55%）。这与传统的理解相矛盾，即耐腐蚀性随着晶粒尺寸的增加而降低。进一步分析表明，钝化膜耐蚀性的提高可归因于热处理过程中的ω→α/β转变，该转变减少了钝化膜中的点缺陷（如氧空位和阳离子间隙）的数量，从而使钝化膜更致密、更稳定。此外，ω相为α的析出提供了成核位点，进一步稳定了组织，抵抗局部腐蚀。力学性能方面，退火后强度和硬度略有降低（UTS 1568→1327 MPa, HV 483→363），延展性略有提高（1.09→1.14%），硬度均匀性有所改善。本文的核心结论是将ω相分数与钝化膜的缺陷化学性质相关联，阐明了ω相在纳米晶Ti-2Fe-0.1B合金中的作用。研究结果表明，热处理是调节ω相缺陷化学反应从而提高纳米晶Ti-2Fe-0.1B合金耐蚀性的有效策略，为设计具有优异耐蚀性的β稳定钛合金提供了实践指导。

{"title":"Enhanced corrosion behavior of nanocrystalline Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloy by ω phase transformation during heat treatment","authors":"Yu Wang , Yu Lu , D.O. Stukalin , Konglan Meng , E.R. Mamedova , Yuecheng Dong , Igor V. Alexandrov , Guohua Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.116033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.116033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, corrosion behavior of nanocrystalline Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloy after heat treatment during 300-450 °C was studied. The original grain size of Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloy by high-pressure torsion (HPT) at 6 GPa, 1 rpm and 5 turns can reach to 20 nm. Accompany with the temperature from increased 300 °C to 450 °C, the grain size presented an increased tendency. Concurrently, electrochemical test shows that the corrosion rate decreased from 2.74 × 10<sup>-4</sup> mm·a<sup>-1</sup> to 1.22 × 10<sup>-4</sup> mm·a<sup>-1</sup> (a reduction of ∼55%). This contradicts the conventional understanding that corrosion resistance decreases with increasing grain size. Further analysis indicates that the improvement of corrosion resistance can be attributed to the <span><math><mi>ω</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>β</mi></math></span> transformation during heat treatment, which decreases the number of point defects (e.g., oxygen vacancies and cation interstitials) incorporated into the passive film, then resulting in a denser and more stable film. Moreover, the <span><math><mi>ω</mi></math></span>-phase provides nucleation sites for α precipitation, further stabilizing the microstructure and resisting localized corrosion. In terms of mechanical properties, annealing led to a slight reduction in strength and hardness (UTS 1568 → 1327 MPa, HV 483 → 363), a minor increase in ductility (1.09 → 1.14%), and improved hardness uniformity. The core conclusion of this work is that correlating <span><math><mi>ω</mi></math></span>-phase fraction with the defect chemistry of passive films elucidates the role of the <span><math><mi>ω</mi></math></span>-phase in nanocrystalline Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloys. These findings demonstrate that heat treatment is an effective strategy to regulate <span><math><mi>ω</mi></math></span>-phase mediated defect chemistry and thereby enhance the corrosion resistance of nanocrystalline Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloys, providing practical guidance for the design of <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>-stabilized titanium alloys with superior corrosion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"233 ","pages":"Article 116033"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146036779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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