Materials Characterization最新文献

英文中文

Multi-stage evolution mechanism of precipitate phases at twin boundaries in Inconel 617 superalloy during long-term aging

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114835

Zhiyang Zhang, Qianying Guo, Ran Ding, Chenxi Liu, Yongchang Liu

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of Inconel 617 superalloy during long-term aging at 760 °C, aiming to elucidate the multi-stage evolution mechanism of the γ' phase at twin boundaries and M₂₃C₆ carbide interfaces. The findings indicate that twins predominantly form during solution annealing, while M₂₃C₆ carbides are preferentially precipitated at twin boundaries, followed by the ordered nucleation of the γ' phase at the twin boundary/M₂₃C₆ interface, resulting in the formation of a unique twin boundary/M₂₃C₆/γ' composite microstructure. The γ' phase at this interface undergoes a multi-stage evolution, encompassing disordered atomic aggregation, ordered precipitation, coarsening, and dissolution, ultimately reaching a stable state. Selective atomic diffusion is crucial in this process, with Cr and Mo preferentially diffusing toward twin boundaries to facilitate M₂₃C₆ carbide precipitation, while Al and Ti gradually promote γ' phase formation at the twin boundary/M₂₃C₆ interface. Furthermore, the multi-stage evolution of the γ' phase, driven by interdiffusion, effectively suppresses the coarsening of M₂₃C₆ carbides at twin boundaries. The synergistic evolution and mutual inhibition between M₂₃C₆ carbides and the γ' phase at twin boundaries are critical to maintaining the long-term thermal-mechanical stability of the alloy. This multi-stage evolution mechanism underscores the importance of tailoring precipitation behavior to optimize the long-term mechanical properties of Inconel 617 superalloy.

{"title":"Multi-stage evolution mechanism of precipitate phases at twin boundaries in Inconel 617 superalloy during long-term aging","authors":"Zhiyang Zhang, Qianying Guo, Ran Ding, Chenxi Liu, Yongchang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of Inconel 617 superalloy during long-term aging at 760 °C, aiming to elucidate the multi-stage evolution mechanism of the γ' phase at twin boundaries and M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbide interfaces. The findings indicate that twins predominantly form during solution annealing, while M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides are preferentially precipitated at twin boundaries, followed by the ordered nucleation of the γ' phase at the twin boundary/M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> interface, resulting in the formation of a unique twin boundary/M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub>/γ' composite microstructure. The γ' phase at this interface undergoes a multi-stage evolution, encompassing disordered atomic aggregation, ordered precipitation, coarsening, and dissolution, ultimately reaching a stable state. Selective atomic diffusion is crucial in this process, with Cr and Mo preferentially diffusing toward twin boundaries to facilitate M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbide precipitation, while Al and Ti gradually promote γ' phase formation at the twin boundary/M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> interface. Furthermore, the multi-stage evolution of the γ' phase, driven by interdiffusion, effectively suppresses the coarsening of M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides at twin boundaries. The synergistic evolution and mutual inhibition between M<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub> carbides and the γ' phase at twin boundaries are critical to maintaining the long-term thermal-mechanical stability of the alloy. This multi-stage evolution mechanism underscores the importance of tailoring precipitation behavior to optimize the long-term mechanical properties of Inconel 617 superalloy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114835"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Laser power bed fusion of TiB2/Cu composite: Densification, microstructure, and properties

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114833

Siying Wang , Yanfang Wang , Wenjun Ma , Yihui Jiang , Fei Cao , Chengyu Ma , Shuhua Liang

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology has significantly grown to fabricate copper-based material with high degree of control over geometry. The addition of ceramic particles in LPBF of Cu has recently become a promising method for increasing processability and strength while maintaining high conductivity. The work herein produces a high strength and high conductivity Cu composite reinforced by 2 wt% TiB₂ reinforcing particles using LPBF. Adding TiB₂ reinforcing particles could eliminate unmelted powder and cracks, achieving a high relative density of 99 %. Unlike the LPBF of pure Cu with an equiaxed-columnar bimodal grain structure, the TiB₂/Cu composite presents a fully coarse columnar grain. TiB₂ particles are uniformly distributed within the Cu matrix and provide strengthening contribution of 111 MPa. Compared to the LPBF-fabricated pure Cu, the TiB₂/Cu composite exhibits a superior combination of strength (∼298 MPa) and electrical conductivity (∼78 % IACS).

{"title":"Laser power bed fusion of TiB2/Cu composite: Densification, microstructure, and properties","authors":"Siying Wang , Yanfang Wang , Wenjun Ma , Yihui Jiang , Fei Cao , Chengyu Ma , Shuhua Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology has significantly grown to fabricate copper-based material with high degree of control over geometry. The addition of ceramic particles in LPBF of Cu has recently become a promising method for increasing processability and strength while maintaining high conductivity. The work herein produces a high strength and high conductivity Cu composite reinforced by 2 wt% TiB<sub>2</sub> reinforcing particles using LPBF. Adding TiB<sub>2</sub> reinforcing particles could eliminate unmelted powder and cracks, achieving a high relative density of 99 %. Unlike the LPBF of pure Cu with an equiaxed-columnar bimodal grain structure, the TiB<sub>2</sub>/Cu composite presents a fully coarse columnar grain. TiB<sub>2</sub> particles are uniformly distributed within the Cu matrix and provide strengthening contribution of 111 MPa. Compared to the LPBF-fabricated pure Cu, the TiB<sub>2</sub>/Cu composite exhibits a superior combination of strength (∼298 MPa) and electrical conductivity (∼78 % IACS).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114833"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intergranular corrosion mechanism of AlCu alloy: Model and experimental validation

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114823

Le Ren , Changhao Liu , Yating Zhang , Shangkun Shen , Di Zhang , Xinfang Zhang

Intergranular corrosion poses a serious threat to equipment safety and causes significant economic losses. In this study, a theoretical model was established to quantitatively determine the relationship between intergranular corrosion sensitivity and grain boundary segregation behavior of aluminum alloys. The model took into account the solute depletion width of the anode and potential difference between the matrix and solute depletion zone. First, the impact of solute depletion regions with varying dimensions on current distribution was investigated through Laplace equation. The findings indicated that the maximum corrosion current in the vicinity of the anode exhibited a notable decline with an increase of anode size, whereas the current density in the proximity of the cathode remained largely unaltered. Subsequently, the Butler-Volmer equation of the cathode was correlated with the solute depletion zone width of the anode by using charge conservation as a bridge. The model demonstrated that the intergranular corrosion sensitivity exhibited a decline in correlation with both an increase of solute depletion zone width and a reduction of potential difference. Taken Al4Cu as a model alloy, the intergranular corrosion sensitivity factor calculated by this model could effectively predict the intergranular corrosion depth, thereby providing a new avenue for the study of intergranular corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys.

{"title":"Intergranular corrosion mechanism of AlCu alloy: Model and experimental validation","authors":"Le Ren , Changhao Liu , Yating Zhang , Shangkun Shen , Di Zhang , Xinfang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intergranular corrosion poses a serious threat to equipment safety and causes significant economic losses. In this study, a theoretical model was established to quantitatively determine the relationship between intergranular corrosion sensitivity and grain boundary segregation behavior of aluminum alloys. The model took into account the solute depletion width of the anode and potential difference between the matrix and solute depletion zone. First, the impact of solute depletion regions with varying dimensions on current distribution was investigated through Laplace equation. The findings indicated that the maximum corrosion current in the vicinity of the anode exhibited a notable decline with an increase of anode size, whereas the current density in the proximity of the cathode remained largely unaltered. Subsequently, the Butler-Volmer equation of the cathode was correlated with the solute depletion zone width of the anode by using charge conservation as a bridge. The model demonstrated that the intergranular corrosion sensitivity exhibited a decline in correlation with both an increase of solute depletion zone width and a reduction of potential difference. Taken Al<img>4Cu as a model alloy, the intergranular corrosion sensitivity factor calculated by this model could effectively predict the intergranular corrosion depth, thereby providing a new avenue for the study of intergranular corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114823"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving strength-ductility synergy of as-rolled AZ31 alloy sheet by combination of dislocation-introduction and twinning treatment

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114817

Qiyang He , Jiang Zheng , Liuyong He , Tianjiao Li , Lihong Xia , Dongdi Yin , Jiangfeng Song , Bin Jiang , Fusheng Pan

Evading the trade-off between strength and ductility has been a long-standing challenge in magnesium alloys. This study presents a novel processing route, combining dislocation introduction and twinning (CDIT) treatment, which involves 3 % tension followed by 2 % compression treatment. The influence of CDIT treatment on dislocation configurations and deformation behavior of as-rolled AZ31 alloy sheets was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and slip trace analysis. The results indicate that CDIT treatment enhanced the strength and ductility of the AZ31 alloy simultaneously. After CDIT treatment, the yield strength increased by 42.3 % to 220.9 MPa, and elongation increased by 37.4 % to 22.4 %. CDIT treatment enhanced the activity of non-basal slip, especially within the twin. At 8 % strain, the activity of pyramidal slip in twins was significantly enhanced, with slip traces accounting for 40.0 %. The high activity of pyramidal slip likely contributes to the improved ductility. The mechanisms behind the remarkable strengthening and high activity of pyramidal slip are discussed.

{"title":"Improving strength-ductility synergy of as-rolled AZ31 alloy sheet by combination of dislocation-introduction and twinning treatment","authors":"Qiyang He , Jiang Zheng , Liuyong He , Tianjiao Li , Lihong Xia , Dongdi Yin , Jiangfeng Song , Bin Jiang , Fusheng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evading the trade-off between strength and ductility has been a long-standing challenge in magnesium alloys. This study presents a novel processing route, combining dislocation introduction and twinning (CDIT) treatment, which involves 3 % tension followed by 2 % compression treatment. The influence of CDIT treatment on dislocation configurations and deformation behavior of as-rolled AZ31 alloy sheets was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and slip trace analysis. The results indicate that CDIT treatment enhanced the strength and ductility of the AZ31 alloy simultaneously. After CDIT treatment, the yield strength increased by 42.3 % to 220.9 MPa, and elongation increased by 37.4 % to 22.4 %. CDIT treatment enhanced the activity of non-basal slip, especially within the twin. At 8 % strain, the activity of pyramidal slip in twins was significantly enhanced, with slip traces accounting for 40.0 %. The high activity of pyramidal slip likely contributes to the improved ductility. The mechanisms behind the remarkable strengthening and high activity of pyramidal slip are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simultaneous Sc-doping and suboxide transformation of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114831

Victor Y. Zenou , Mária Čaplovičová , Martin Kormunda , Snejana Bakardjieva

Self-assembled agglomerates of 4 at.% Sc doped titania (4SDT) nanoparticles (NPs) were obtained using a simple water-based co-precipitation of titanium oxysulfate and scandium oxalate with urea at low temperature. Undoped samples were also prepared for comparison.

Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and dual electron energy loss spectroscopy (DualEELS), showed that 4SDT agglomerates comprised self-assembled anatase NPs and sub-stoichiometric trititanium pentoxide (β-Ti₃O₅). The Ti₃O₅ either surrounded the anatase NPs as an ultra-thin outer layer or grew on the anatase surface in randomly distributed “nanoislands” closely connected to the Sc³⁺ ion.

Heating to 800 °C under air caused the Sc³⁺ to segregate out the anatase lattice to form Sc-rich oxides (usually Sc₄Ti₃O₁₂). Also, it was detected that the Ti⁴⁺ amount increased at the expense of Ti³⁺.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), employed to investigate the elements' surface composition, oxidation states, and electronic configurations, showed 4.6 % Sc relative to the sum of Sc and Ti, close to the nominal composition of 4 %. The O/Ti values found for 4SDT by XPS and EELS were 2.3 ± 0.1 and 2.2 ± 0.2, respectively.

{"title":"Simultaneous Sc-doping and suboxide transformation of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles","authors":"Victor Y. Zenou , Mária Čaplovičová , Martin Kormunda , Snejana Bakardjieva","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-assembled agglomerates of 4 at.% Sc doped titania (4SDT) nanoparticles (NPs) were obtained using a simple water-based co-precipitation of titanium oxysulfate and scandium oxalate with urea at low temperature. Undoped samples were also prepared for comparison.</div><div>Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and dual electron energy loss spectroscopy (DualEELS), showed that 4SDT agglomerates comprised self-assembled anatase NPs and sub-stoichiometric trititanium pentoxide (β-Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub>). The Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub> either surrounded the anatase NPs as an ultra-thin outer layer or grew on the anatase surface in randomly distributed “<em>nanoislands</em>” closely connected to the Sc<sup>3+</sup> ion.</div><div>Heating to 800 °C under air caused the Sc<sup>3+</sup> to segregate out the anatase lattice to form Sc-rich oxides (usually Sc<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>). Also, it was detected that the Ti<sup>4+</sup> amount increased at the expense of Ti<sup>3+</sup>.</div><div>X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), employed to investigate the elements' surface composition, oxidation states, and electronic configurations, showed 4.6 % Sc relative to the sum of Sc and Ti, close to the nominal composition of 4 %. The O/Ti values found for 4SDT by XPS and EELS were 2.3 ± 0.1 and 2.2 ± 0.2, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating the role of barium sulfate on the structure of the casting anode in the electrorefining plant and its effect on the dissolution rate of the anode

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114822

Fatemeh Rostamzadeh , Gholam Reza Khayati , Sobhan Mahmoodi , Nahid Assadat Yaghubi , Saman Nemat

Cast copper anodes play a key role in the electrorefining plant due to their physical/chemical properties. Considering the corrosion current density as a measure of the refinery dissolution rate, this study systematically investigates the effects of barium sulfate thickness (680–900 μm) of the mould on the metallographic characteristics of copper casting anode and its dissolution behaviors. 3 anodes with different thicknesses of barium sulfate were cast as a variable approach in the casting wheel of the melting unit of Shahrbabek copper complex. Metallographic analysis, copper-based quantometer and potentiostat technique were used to characterize the samples. Varying the thickness of barium sulfate in the original mould has been able to create a wide range of grain size and morphology in the anode structure. Based on the results, the grain boundary parameter has the greatest effect on the corrosion current density. The grain boundary value of 20 % was determined as the critical limit, which led to an increase in the corrosion current density in the range of less than 20 % of the grain boundary.

{"title":"Investigating the role of barium sulfate on the structure of the casting anode in the electrorefining plant and its effect on the dissolution rate of the anode","authors":"Fatemeh Rostamzadeh , Gholam Reza Khayati , Sobhan Mahmoodi , Nahid Assadat Yaghubi , Saman Nemat","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cast copper anodes play a key role in the electrorefining plant due to their physical/chemical properties. Considering the corrosion current density as a measure of the refinery dissolution rate, this study systematically investigates the effects of barium sulfate thickness (680–900 μm) of the mould on the metallographic characteristics of copper casting anode and its dissolution behaviors. 3 anodes with different thicknesses of barium sulfate were cast as a variable approach in the casting wheel of the melting unit of Shahrbabek copper complex. Metallographic analysis, copper-based quantometer and potentiostat technique were used to characterize the samples. Varying the thickness of barium sulfate in the original mould has been able to create a wide range of grain size and morphology in the anode structure. Based on the results, the grain boundary parameter has the greatest effect on the corrosion current density. The grain boundary value of 20 % was determined as the critical limit, which led to an increase in the corrosion current density in the range of less than 20 % of the grain boundary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114822"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of shear bands induced nucleation and recrystallisation behaviour in a rare earth containing magnesium alloy

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114809

Haoran Yi , Hua Li , Xun Zeng , Haiming Liu , Dikai Guan

Annealing is widely applied to the deformed magnesium alloys to tailor crystallographic texture and improve formability, significant efforts have been made to understand recrystallisation nucleation and grain growth. Nevertheless, it is still a highly debated field, attributes to the lack of large area in-situ microstructure datasets and effective data processing approach, especially the grains tracking strategy. In this work, the recrystallisation process of a Mg-2.4Zn-0.2Ce wt% alloy is systematically investigated with quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction method to unravel the role of shear bands during recrystallisation annealing. A newly developed toolbox Track-Rex is adopted, allowing us to automatically track 40,900 grains within 10 min. The results show that shear bands were the preferential nucleation sites at early stage of annealing. However, with increased annealing time, the preferred nucleation sites shifted to the deformed grain boundaries, and the grains nucleated from shear bands were progressively consumed. Thus, the contribution of shear bands induced nucleation to the recrystallised texture is considerably reduced, from up to 51.2 % of area fraction in the early stage towards 20.89 % in the final annealing stage. In terms of texture evolution, all the recrystallised grains exhibit a scattered off-basal feature regardless to the nucleation sites. Additionally, the basal orientated grains were gradually consumed while off-basal grains had a higher possibility to retained. More specifically, within shear bands induced nucleation, recrystallised grains with low angle grain boundaries were easily consumed, while other grains exhibiting high angle grain boundaries were more likely to maintain along the recrystallisation procedure.

{"title":"Investigation of shear bands induced nucleation and recrystallisation behaviour in a rare earth containing magnesium alloy","authors":"Haoran Yi , Hua Li , Xun Zeng , Haiming Liu , Dikai Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Annealing is widely applied to the deformed magnesium alloys to tailor crystallographic texture and improve formability, significant efforts have been made to understand recrystallisation nucleation and grain growth. Nevertheless, it is still a highly debated field, attributes to the lack of large area in-situ microstructure datasets and effective data processing approach, especially the grains tracking strategy. In this work, the recrystallisation process of a Mg-2.4Zn-0.2Ce wt% alloy is systematically investigated with quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction method to unravel the role of shear bands during recrystallisation annealing. A newly developed toolbox Track-Rex is adopted, allowing us to automatically track 40,900 grains within 10 min. The results show that shear bands were the preferential nucleation sites at early stage of annealing. However, with increased annealing time, the preferred nucleation sites shifted to the deformed grain boundaries, and the grains nucleated from shear bands were progressively consumed. Thus, the contribution of shear bands induced nucleation to the recrystallised texture is considerably reduced, from up to 51.2 % of area fraction in the early stage towards 20.89 % in the final annealing stage. In terms of texture evolution, all the recrystallised grains exhibit a scattered off-basal feature regardless to the nucleation sites. Additionally, the basal orientated grains were gradually consumed while off-basal grains had a higher possibility to retained. More specifically, within shear bands induced nucleation, recrystallised grains with low angle grain boundaries were easily consumed, while other grains exhibiting high angle grain boundaries were more likely to maintain along the recrystallisation procedure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114809"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Superior mechanical property of Ti-Fe-O material via doping low content iron oxide in pure Ti

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114819

X.X. Li , H.M. Zhang , X.W. Cheng , X.N. Mu , L.Z. Yang , H.Q. Duan

This work focused on simultaneously harnessing iron (Fe) and oxygen (O), two of the most powerful stabilizing elements and strengtheners for α + β Ti alloys. Here we integrated alloy design with field-assisted sintering technology (FAST) and hot-rolling (HR) to demonstrate a series of Ti-Fe-O compositions that exhibited outstanding mechanical properties. The cost-effective iron oxide powder (Fe₂O₃) was innovatively employed as a precursor to completely dissolve into pure Ti matrix. The results revealed that the content of Fe and O was precisely controlled, which achieved an ultra-high tensile strength of close to 1012 MPa, at no expense of elongation-to-failure (∼31 %), with incorporating merely 0.71 wt% Fe₂O₃. The increment in the Fe content was effective in increasing the β-Ti phase volume fraction and refining the primary α (α_p) Ti grains, meanwhile the O promoted the precipitation of acicular secondary α phase (α_s). The dominant strengthening factors for the Ti-Fe-O alloys were grain refinement, β-Ti hard phase dispersion, and solid solution strengthening. In particular, α_s twinning behavior was observed in Ti-0.71 wt% Fe₂O₃ sample that is favorable to excellent ductility. These findings provided a novel approach to designing low-cost and high-performance Ti alloys by using cheap iron oxide and paved a new way for potential industry use.

这项工作的重点是同时利用铁（Fe）和氧（O）这两种对 α + β Ti 合金最有力的稳定元素和强化剂。在这里，我们将合金设计与现场辅助烧结技术（FAST）和热轧技术（HR）相结合，展示了一系列具有出色机械性能的 Ti-Fe-O 成分。研究创新性地采用了具有成本效益的氧化铁粉（Fe2O3）作为前驱体，使其完全溶解到纯钛基体中。研究结果表明，通过精确控制铁和氧化物的含量，只需加入 0.71 wt% 的 Fe2O3，就能获得接近 1012 MPa 的超高抗拉强度，而且不会影响伸长率（∼31 %）。铁含量的增加有效地提高了 β-Ti 相的体积分数，并细化了初级 α（αp）Ti 晶粒，而 O 则促进了针状次级 α 相（αs）的析出。Ti-Fe-O 合金的主要强化因素是晶粒细化、β-Ti 硬相分散和固溶强化。特别是，在 Ti-0.71 wt% Fe2O3 样品中观察到了αs孪晶行为，这有利于获得优异的延展性。这些发现为利用廉价氧化铁设计低成本高性能钛合金提供了一种新方法，并为潜在的工业应用铺平了道路。

{"title":"Superior mechanical property of Ti-Fe-O material via doping low content iron oxide in pure Ti","authors":"X.X. Li , H.M. Zhang , X.W. Cheng , X.N. Mu , L.Z. Yang , H.Q. Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work focused on simultaneously harnessing iron (Fe) and oxygen (O), two of the most powerful stabilizing elements and strengtheners for α + β Ti alloys. Here we integrated alloy design with field-assisted sintering technology (FAST) and hot-rolling (HR) to demonstrate a series of Ti-Fe-O compositions that exhibited outstanding mechanical properties. The cost-effective iron oxide powder (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) was innovatively employed as a precursor to completely dissolve into pure Ti matrix. The results revealed that the content of Fe and O was precisely controlled, which achieved an ultra-high tensile strength of close to 1012 MPa, at no expense of elongation-to-failure (∼31 %), with incorporating merely 0.71 wt% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The increment in the Fe content was effective in increasing the β-Ti phase volume fraction and refining the primary α (α<sub>p</sub>) Ti grains, meanwhile the O promoted the precipitation of acicular secondary α phase (α<sub>s</sub>). The dominant strengthening factors for the Ti-Fe-O alloys were grain refinement, β-Ti hard phase dispersion, and solid solution strengthening. In particular, α<sub>s</sub> twinning behavior was observed in Ti-0.71 wt% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sample that is favorable to excellent ductility. These findings provided a novel approach to designing low-cost and high-performance Ti alloys by using cheap iron oxide and paved a new way for potential industry use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114819"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using XeF2 gas and focused ion beam (XeF2-FIB) imaging to contrast and quantify precipitation in metal

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114806

P.J. Thomas , L. Coghlan , E.C. Galliopoulou , S. He , A.G. Gunn , M. Zimina , C.P. Jones , A.S. Shin , T.L. Martin

Understanding the type, size, and distribution of precipitates within the microstructure of metals is crucial to elucidating their material properties and evolution. However, many characterisation techniques face challenges in effectively distinguishing precipitates from the surrounding matrix. This study introduces the use of gaseous XeF₂ contrast mapping, combined with advanced micrograph processing, to obtain enhanced statistical insights into precipitates and their evolution within steel, Ni, and Zr alloys. In this research, XeF₂ gas is employed to induce ion-channelling contrasts using a Ga Focused Ion Beam (FIB) on experimental Fe9Cr1Mo steel, 316H steel, P91 steel, nickel-based Alloy 690 and Zr1Nb alloy. The application of this technique reveals precipitates and substructures with greater clarity, allowing the extraction of key statistical data, including precipitate type, size, shape, and distribution. Compared to conventional methods, this approach offers a significant improvement in 2D precipitate characterisation and evaluation. The results suggest that the XeF₂ contrast mapping should be considered a valuable addition to the microscopist toolkit for advanced material analysis.

{"title":"Using XeF2 gas and focused ion beam (XeF2-FIB) imaging to contrast and quantify precipitation in metal","authors":"P.J. Thomas , L. Coghlan , E.C. Galliopoulou , S. He , A.G. Gunn , M. Zimina , C.P. Jones , A.S. Shin , T.L. Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the type, size, and distribution of precipitates within the microstructure of metals is crucial to elucidating their material properties and evolution. However, many characterisation techniques face challenges in effectively distinguishing precipitates from the surrounding matrix. This study introduces the use of gaseous XeF<sub>2</sub> contrast mapping, combined with advanced micrograph processing, to obtain enhanced statistical insights into precipitates and their evolution within steel, Ni, and Zr alloys. In this research, XeF<sub>2</sub> gas is employed to induce ion-channelling contrasts using a Ga Focused Ion Beam (FIB) on experimental Fe9Cr1Mo steel, 316H steel, P91 steel, nickel-based Alloy 690 and Zr1Nb alloy. The application of this technique reveals precipitates and substructures with greater clarity, allowing the extraction of key statistical data, including precipitate type, size, shape, and distribution. Compared to conventional methods, this approach offers a significant improvement in 2D precipitate characterisation and evaluation. The results suggest that the XeF<sub>2</sub> contrast mapping should be considered a valuable addition to the microscopist toolkit for advanced material analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114806"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143305787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Water vapor corrosion and cyclic oxidation behavior of SiCf/SiC coated with Si/YbDS-YbMS/YbMS/LMA coating

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114821

Gui Li , Longhui Deng , Jianing Jiang , Ying Xiong , Wenbo Chen , Xueqiang Cao

The water vapor corrosion behavior of SiC_f/SiC uncoated and coated with plasma sprayed Si/YbDS-YbMS/YbMS/LMA coating was investigated at 1200 °C in 90 %H₂O-10 %O₂ environment. Some pores were formed at the SiO₂ layer due to the volume shrinkage and volatilization of gas, which cannot prevent the diffusion of oxygen and water vapor. The results about bending strength test indicated that the preparation of coating improve the flexural strength of SiC_f/SiC substrate. The bonding strength tests indicated that the de-bond was occurred at the interface between Si and SiC_f/SiC due to the existence of weak bond in environmental barrier coatings. Furthermore, the thermal shocking behavior of coated SiC_f/SiC was tested 1200 °C. Through comparative analysis of microstructure and porosity, it is found that both viscous flow and solid phase sintering contribute to crack healing. During heat treatment, the vertical crack was formed in the coating due to the recrystallization of amorphous phase and thermal mismatch. The vertical cracks further extend to surface of Si layer due to the release of thermal mismatch stress during water vapor corrosion and thermal shocking test.

{"title":"Water vapor corrosion and cyclic oxidation behavior of SiCf/SiC coated with Si/YbDS-YbMS/YbMS/LMA coating","authors":"Gui Li , Longhui Deng , Jianing Jiang , Ying Xiong , Wenbo Chen , Xueqiang Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The water vapor corrosion behavior of SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC uncoated and coated with plasma sprayed Si/YbDS-YbMS/YbMS/LMA coating was investigated at 1200 °C in 90 %H<sub>2</sub>O-10 %O<sub>2</sub> environment. Some pores were formed at the SiO<sub>2</sub> layer due to the volume shrinkage and volatilization of gas, which cannot prevent the diffusion of oxygen and water vapor. The results about bending strength test indicated that the preparation of coating improve the flexural strength of SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC substrate. The bonding strength tests indicated that the de-bond was occurred at the interface between Si and SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC due to the existence of weak bond in environmental barrier coatings. Furthermore, the thermal shocking behavior of coated SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC was tested 1200 °C. Through comparative analysis of microstructure and porosity, it is found that both viscous flow and solid phase sintering contribute to crack healing. During heat treatment, the vertical crack was formed in the coating due to the recrystallization of amorphous phase and thermal mismatch. The vertical cracks further extend to surface of Si layer due to the release of thermal mismatch stress during water vapor corrosion and thermal shocking test.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114821"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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