Materials Characterization最新文献

英文中文

Multiscale residual stress analysis and microstructure characterization of Ti-grade 2 implant fabricated by adaptive tool path-driven SPIF process 采用自适应刀具路径驱动的 SPIF 工艺制造的 Ti-grade 2 种植体的多尺度残余应力分析和微观结构表征

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114861

Arun Sharma , Parnika Shrivastava , Aniket Nagargoje , Amrut Mulay

Single Point Incremental Forming of titanium alloys for biomedical implants presents a unique challenge in balancing geometrical accuracy with the control of residual stresses. The proposed methodology introduces a novel curvature-driven adaptive toolpath for incremental forming, overcoming the limitations of conventional constant depth spiral and existing adaptive strategies. Unlike STL-based adaptive methods that rely on volumetric error correction by adding slices between consecutive layers, this approach optimizes the toolpath by removing redundant slices. By adjusting slice, the process assigns density values according to local curvature fluctuations thus creating more efficient forming while reducing forming time. Electron Backscatter Diffraction is utilized to measure the evolution of microstructure through an evaluation of misorientation distribution, deformation twinning and geometrically necessary dislocation density. X-ray diffraction technology and micro-scale residual stress measurement techniques are used to measure macro and micro residual stress fields in the produced implants. The present work correlates the tool path strategies with the observed residual stress distribution along with microstructural characteristics which uncovered the underlying deformation mechanism in implants formed by SPIF. Results highlight that adaptive tool path-driven SPIF process led to decreased amounts of residual stress while creating more uniform stress patterns within Ti-Grade 2 implants. The implant formed with adaptive tool path resulted in higher homogeneity in stress distribution with lower localized strain concentrations in comparison to those formed with conventional tool paths. In addition, microstructural characteristics denoted more uniform plastic deformation across the formed implant. The study demonstrates that the modifications in SPIF tool path bring superior results in product quality. Achieving desired residual stress states and microstructural characteristics becomes possible through SPIF which delivers improved dimensional accuracy and reliability of the formed Ti-Grade 2 implants.

{"title":"Multiscale residual stress analysis and microstructure characterization of Ti-grade 2 implant fabricated by adaptive tool path-driven SPIF process","authors":"Arun Sharma , Parnika Shrivastava , Aniket Nagargoje , Amrut Mulay","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single Point Incremental Forming of titanium alloys for biomedical implants presents a unique challenge in balancing geometrical accuracy with the control of residual stresses. The proposed methodology introduces a novel curvature-driven adaptive toolpath for incremental forming, overcoming the limitations of conventional constant depth spiral and existing adaptive strategies. Unlike STL-based adaptive methods that rely on volumetric error correction by adding slices between consecutive layers, this approach optimizes the toolpath by removing redundant slices. By adjusting slice, the process assigns density values according to local curvature fluctuations thus creating more efficient forming while reducing forming time. Electron Backscatter Diffraction is utilized to measure the evolution of microstructure through an evaluation of misorientation distribution, deformation twinning and geometrically necessary dislocation density. X-ray diffraction technology and micro-scale residual stress measurement techniques are used to measure macro and micro residual stress fields in the produced implants. The present work correlates the tool path strategies with the observed residual stress distribution along with microstructural characteristics which uncovered the underlying deformation mechanism in implants formed by SPIF. Results highlight that adaptive tool path-driven SPIF process led to decreased amounts of residual stress while creating more uniform stress patterns within Ti-Grade 2 implants. The implant formed with adaptive tool path resulted in higher homogeneity in stress distribution with lower localized strain concentrations in comparison to those formed with conventional tool paths. In addition, microstructural characteristics denoted more uniform plastic deformation across the formed implant. The study demonstrates that the modifications in SPIF tool path bring superior results in product quality. Achieving desired residual stress states and microstructural characteristics becomes possible through SPIF which delivers improved dimensional accuracy and reliability of the formed Ti-Grade 2 implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114861"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strength-ductility-toughness balance in flash-tempered martensitic steel: Role of dislocation-precipitate interactions

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114847

Jianping Ouyang , Liejun Li , Xianqiang Xing , Zhuoran Li , Siming Huang , Lang Liu , Zhichao Luo , Zhengwu Peng

Flash tempering has emerged as a sustainable and energy-efficient method for optimizing the mechanical properties of martensitic steels. This work investigates the temperature-dependent substructural evolution and mechanical properties of a high‑carbon low-alloy martensitic steel subjected to flash tempering. Results show that dislocation density decreases sharply with increasing tempering temperature, stabilizing at a high level (∼10¹⁵ m⁻²). Meanwhile, carbides evolve from dense intragranular η-carbides at lower temperatures (439 °C) to a mixture of η and θ-carbides, and finally to predominantly θ-carbides at higher temperatures (524 °C). Optimal mechanical properties are achieved at 473 °C, with an ultimate tensile strength of 2077 MPa, total elongation of 15.1 %, and fracture toughness of 49.3 MPa·m^1/2. This balance is attributed to the synergistic effects of partially recovered dislocations, finely dispersed η-carbides, and intergranular θ-carbides, which collectively enhance ductility and toughness while sustaining ultra-high strength. These findings underscore the critical role of dislocation-precipitate interactions in tuning the microstructure and mechanical properties of flash-tempered martensitic steels.

{"title":"Strength-ductility-toughness balance in flash-tempered martensitic steel: Role of dislocation-precipitate interactions","authors":"Jianping Ouyang , Liejun Li , Xianqiang Xing , Zhuoran Li , Siming Huang , Lang Liu , Zhichao Luo , Zhengwu Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flash tempering has emerged as a sustainable and energy-efficient method for optimizing the mechanical properties of martensitic steels. This work investigates the temperature-dependent substructural evolution and mechanical properties of a high‑carbon low-alloy martensitic steel subjected to flash tempering. Results show that dislocation density decreases sharply with increasing tempering temperature, stabilizing at a high level (∼10<sup>15</sup> m<sup>−2</sup>). Meanwhile, carbides evolve from dense intragranular η-carbides at lower temperatures (439 °C) to a mixture of η and θ-carbides, and finally to predominantly θ-carbides at higher temperatures (524 °C). Optimal mechanical properties are achieved at 473 °C, with an ultimate tensile strength of 2077 MPa, total elongation of 15.1 %, and fracture toughness of 49.3 MPa·m<sup>1/2</sup>. This balance is attributed to the synergistic effects of partially recovered dislocations, finely dispersed η-carbides, and intergranular θ-carbides, which collectively enhance ductility and toughness while sustaining ultra-high strength. These findings underscore the critical role of dislocation-precipitate interactions in tuning the microstructure and mechanical properties of flash-tempered martensitic steels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114847"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Significant enhancement of the overall performance of SAC joints by adding Cu@Sn@Ag core shell particles and ultrasonically assisted soldering

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114858

Jinghui Fan , Minming Zou , Sifan Tan , Guangyu Zhu , Langfeng Zhu , Baowen Fu , Chao Qiang , Zhixiang Wu , Wenjing Chen , Xiaowu Hu , Tao Xu , Xiongxin Jiang

This paper investigates the effects of Cu@Sn@Ag (CSA) core shell particles and ultrasonic treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) solder joints. The results indicated the optimum content of CSA particles was 0.05 wt%, and the optimum ultrasonic treatment time for the composite solder with CSA particles was 5 s. The study found that the ultrasonic treatment resulted in the dispersion of the agglomerated CSA particles, a reduction in the number of pores in the solder and a significant improvement in the shear strength of the solder joints. But too much ultrasound time increased IMC thickness and decreased the shear strength of solder joints. Both CSA particles and ultrasonication caused the solder joint to change from a brittle-tough hybrid fracture mode to a ductile fracture mode. A 30.58 % increase in shear strength was observed in solder joints with CSA particles added and ultrasound treated, compared to the original joints. Furthermore, the EBSD results showed that solder containing CSA particles had more nucleation sites, resulting in a finer grain size of the composite solder. The ageing experiment showed that after 360 h of ageing, the grain size of the solder joints containing CSA particles was 15.34 % smaller than the original joints.

{"title":"Significant enhancement of the overall performance of SAC joints by adding Cu@Sn@Ag core shell particles and ultrasonically assisted soldering","authors":"Jinghui Fan , Minming Zou , Sifan Tan , Guangyu Zhu , Langfeng Zhu , Baowen Fu , Chao Qiang , Zhixiang Wu , Wenjing Chen , Xiaowu Hu , Tao Xu , Xiongxin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the effects of Cu@Sn@Ag (CSA) core shell particles and ultrasonic treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) solder joints. The results indicated the optimum content of CSA particles was 0.05 wt%, and the optimum ultrasonic treatment time for the composite solder with CSA particles was 5 s. The study found that the ultrasonic treatment resulted in the dispersion of the agglomerated CSA particles, a reduction in the number of pores in the solder and a significant improvement in the shear strength of the solder joints. But too much ultrasound time increased IMC thickness and decreased the shear strength of solder joints. Both CSA particles and ultrasonication caused the solder joint to change from a brittle-tough hybrid fracture mode to a ductile fracture mode. A 30.58 % increase in shear strength was observed in solder joints with CSA particles added and ultrasound treated, compared to the original joints. Furthermore, the EBSD results showed that solder containing CSA particles had more nucleation sites, resulting in a finer grain size of the composite solder. The ageing experiment showed that after 360 h of ageing, the grain size of the solder joints containing CSA particles was 15.34 % smaller than the original joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of chemical composition variations in refractory Hf-Nb-Ta-Ti-Zr-Mo-V-Si complex concentrated alloys on the structure, mechanical properties, and oxidation behaviour

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114856

N. Yurchenko , V. Mirontsov , E. Mishunina , N. Stepanov

In this study, the structure, mechanical properties, and oxidation behaviour of the arc-melted (HfNbTaTiZr)₈₄Si₁₆, (HfMoNbTaTiZr)₈₄Si₁₆, and (HfMoNbTaTiVZr)₈₄Si₁₆ refractory complex concentrated alloys (RCCAs) were investigated. All the three alloys exhibited composite-like microstructures. The (HfNbTaTiZr)₈₄Si₁₆ alloy had a dual-phase structure consisting of the bcc and hexagonal Me₅Si₃ phases. Alloying with Mo or Mo and V resulted in the formation of an additional orthorhombic HfMoSi-type phase. The (HfNbTaTiZr)₈₄Si₁₆ alloy showed the lowest strength at 22–1200 °C, but the highest room-temperature plastic strain among the alloys studied. Additions of Mo or Mo and V were found to improve strength and reduce plasticity. At 1400 °C, all the alloys softened rapidly and became highly deformable. The (HfNbTaTiZr)₈₄Si₁₆ alloy exhibited the fracture toughness of ∼15 MPa m^1/2, which was twice higher than those of the (HfMoNbTaTiZr)₈₄Si₁₆ and (HfMoNbTaTiVZr)₈₄Si₁₆ alloys. The (HfNbTaTiZr)₈₄Si₁₆ alloy demonstrated the near-parabolic oxidation kinetics, the lowest mass gain (∼66 mg cm⁻²) after 48 h, and the longest time (24 h) to edge swelling during the oxidation tests at 1200 °C. Alloying with Mo or Mo and V aggravated the oxidation resistance, decreasing the time to edge swelling or complete disintegration to 6 h. With the values of ∼15 MPa m^1/2 and ∼66 mg cm⁻², the (HfNbTaTiZr)₈₄Si₁₆ alloy was among the toughest and most oxidation-resistant RCCAs and Nb-based silicides to date. The relationships between the chemical composition, structure, mechanical properties, and oxidation behaviour of the alloys studied were thoroughly analysed and discussed.

{"title":"Effect of chemical composition variations in refractory Hf-Nb-Ta-Ti-Zr-Mo-V-Si complex concentrated alloys on the structure, mechanical properties, and oxidation behaviour","authors":"N. Yurchenko , V. Mirontsov , E. Mishunina , N. Stepanov","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the structure, mechanical properties, and oxidation behaviour of the arc-melted (HfNbTaTiZr)<sub>84</sub>Si<sub>16</sub>, (HfMoNbTaTiZr)<sub>84</sub>Si<sub>16</sub>, and (HfMoNbTaTiVZr)<sub>84</sub>Si<sub>16</sub> refractory complex concentrated alloys (RCCAs) were investigated. All the three alloys exhibited composite-like microstructures. The (HfNbTaTiZr)<sub>84</sub>Si<sub>16</sub> alloy had a dual-phase structure consisting of the bcc and hexagonal Me<sub>5</sub>Si<sub>3</sub> phases. Alloying with Mo or Mo and V resulted in the formation of an additional orthorhombic HfMoSi-type phase. The (HfNbTaTiZr)<sub>84</sub>Si<sub>16</sub> alloy showed the lowest strength at 22–1200 °C, but the highest room-temperature plastic strain among the alloys studied. Additions of Mo or Mo and V were found to improve strength and reduce plasticity. At 1400 °C, all the alloys softened rapidly and became highly deformable. The (HfNbTaTiZr)<sub>84</sub>Si<sub>16</sub> alloy exhibited the fracture toughness of ∼15 MPa m<sup>1/2</sup>, which was twice higher than those of the (HfMoNbTaTiZr)<sub>84</sub>Si<sub>16</sub> and (HfMoNbTaTiVZr)<sub>84</sub>Si<sub>16</sub> alloys. The (HfNbTaTiZr)<sub>84</sub>Si<sub>16</sub> alloy demonstrated the near-parabolic oxidation kinetics, the lowest mass gain (∼66 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>) after 48 h, and the longest time (24 h) to edge swelling during the oxidation tests at 1200 °C. Alloying with Mo or Mo and V aggravated the oxidation resistance, decreasing the time to edge swelling or complete disintegration to 6 h. With the values of ∼15 MPa m<sup>1/2</sup> and ∼66 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>, the (HfNbTaTiZr)<sub>84</sub>Si<sub>16</sub> alloy was among the toughest and most oxidation-resistant RCCAs and Nb-based silicides to date. The relationships between the chemical composition, structure, mechanical properties, and oxidation behaviour of the alloys studied were thoroughly analysed and discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114856"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Al matrix composite reinforced with carbon nanotubes, Al3BC, and γ-Al2O3: Investigation of mechanical, thermal, and wear resistance properties

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114854

Jingyi Hu, Tong Gao, Guiliang Liu, Jingbin Liu, Wenhua Xu, Xiangfa Liu

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their exceptional theoretical modulus of elasticity, are among the most promising materials for reinforcing aluminum matrix composites. However, weak mechanical bonds formed between CNTs and the matrix, along with the formation of the brittle Al₄C₃ phase at the interface, often result in a deterioration of the composite's mechanical properties. In this study, a (CNTs+Al₃BC + Al₂O₃)/Al-Zn-Cu composite was fabricated through ball milling, sintering, hot extrusion, and solution treatment. The resulting composite exhibits Young's modulus of 98.1 GPa and ultimate tensile strength of 536 MPa, along with improved thermal properties and wear resistance. The primary strengthening mechanism includes the reinforcement provided by in-situ γ-Al₂O₃ and the CNTs encased by high-modulus in-situ generated Al₃BC particles. This research offers novel insights for the design of high-modulus, high-strength synergistic Al-CNTs composites.

引用次数: 0

The novel high-entropy alloy filler realized the efficient inhibition of the violent reaction and brittle phase formation in the SiCf/SiC heterogeneous brazed joint

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114849

Yu Zhang , Wei Guo , Han Mei , Xiang Kong , Ying Zhu , Xiaoguang Li , Wei Zhao , Hongqiang Zhang

Based on the significant needs of the high thrust-to-weight ratio aero engines, the new SiC_f/SiC composites and superalloy brazed joints in the hot-end components was proposed, aiming to the controllability and considerable residual stress of SiC_f/SiC heterogeneous joints. The self-developed high-entropy alloy (HEA) AlTiCoCrCu filler was used to realize the homogeneous brazing of SiC_f/SiC, and then upgraded to AlTiCoCrCuRe filler to discover the high-performance of SiC_f/SiC heterogeneous joints. The microstructure regulation of heterogeneous brazed joints was studied, and the brittle phases decreased sharply without defects after upgrading HEA filler. Adding a small amount of Re effectively inhibited the violent diffusion of asymmetric interfacial elements and significantly reduced Ni₂Si brittle phases, the source of harm to tissue properties. The microstructure and phase composition of the brazed joint were clarified, and the strengthening mechanism of the upgraded components of HEA filler on the microstructure and the regulation mechanism of solidification at the heterogeneous interface were revealed. The joint shear strength was significantly better than that of traditional commercial filler, and the filler upgrade improved the “structure-performance” synergy. The research results provided a unique high-temperature HEA filler and theoretical basis for the shape-performance control of SiC_f/SiC composites brazing of aero engines.

{"title":"The novel high-entropy alloy filler realized the efficient inhibition of the violent reaction and brittle phase formation in the SiCf/SiC heterogeneous brazed joint","authors":"Yu Zhang , Wei Guo , Han Mei , Xiang Kong , Ying Zhu , Xiaoguang Li , Wei Zhao , Hongqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the significant needs of the high thrust-to-weight ratio aero engines, the new SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC composites and superalloy brazed joints in the hot-end components was proposed, aiming to the controllability and considerable residual stress of SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC heterogeneous joints. The self-developed high-entropy alloy (HEA) AlTiCoCrCu filler was used to realize the homogeneous brazing of SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC, and then upgraded to AlTiCoCrCuRe filler to discover the high-performance of SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC heterogeneous joints. The microstructure regulation of heterogeneous brazed joints was studied, and the brittle phases decreased sharply without defects after upgrading HEA filler. Adding a small amount of Re effectively inhibited the violent diffusion of asymmetric interfacial elements and significantly reduced Ni<sub>2</sub>Si brittle phases, the source of harm to tissue properties. The microstructure and phase composition of the brazed joint were clarified, and the strengthening mechanism of the upgraded components of HEA filler on the microstructure and the regulation mechanism of solidification at the heterogeneous interface were revealed. The joint shear strength was significantly better than that of traditional commercial filler, and the filler upgrade improved the “structure-performance” synergy. The research results provided a unique high-temperature HEA filler and theoretical basis for the shape-performance control of SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC composites brazing of aero engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation, properties, and application exploration of electrolytic Cu-CNTs composite foils

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114855

Yu Wang , Zixuan Tan , Yujie Li , Linzhi He , Yong Zhang , Xiaowu Hu , Jie Chen , Meirong Yi , Guangbin Yi

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced Cu matrix composites are a hotspot of current research, but the majority of them are bulk samples by sintered or die-cast formed. There are few works on preparing large-size and ultrathin Cu-CNTs composite foils (CCFs) by electrodeposition with the process and environment imitating industrial production of electrolytic Cu foils, and investigating the properties and application potential of CCFs. Herein, large-sized and ultrathin CCFs were prepared via electrodeposition with a high current density (0.5 A/cm²), a short deposition time (120 s), and a large volume of circulating electrolyte (70 L). The microstructure, mechanical properties, surface roughness, and resistivity of the CCFs were investigated. The foils with CNTs of 50 mg/L exhibited the best overall performance, with a tensile strength of 550 MPa (25 °C) and elongations of 4.9 % (25 °C) and 13.2 % (180 °C), representing improvements of 66.7 %, 88.5 %, and 135.7 % respectively, compared with that of the pure Cu foil. Load transfer and the Orowan mechanism together strengthened the CCFs. The elongation of CCFs demonstrated stability in response to the content of CNTs both at room and at elevated temperatures, which may be attributed to the “pulled out” effect of CNTs. The potential applications of CCFs in printed circuit boards and lithium-ion batteries were explored, the use of CNTs may lead to adverse effects such as surface discoloration, pinholes, and compromised soldering reliability. The CCFs with a low dosage of CNTs showed promising overall performance, indicating a viable pathway for future research.

碳纳米管（CNTs）增强铜基复合材料是当前的研究热点，但大多数都是烧结或压铸成型的块状样品。通过电沉积制备大尺寸和超薄铜-碳纳米管复合箔（CCFs）并研究其性能和应用潜力的研究较少。本文采用高电流密度（0.5 A/cm2）、短沉积时间（120 s）和大容量循环电解液（70 L）电沉积法制备了大尺寸超薄 CCF。研究了 CCF 的微观结构、机械性能、表面粗糙度和电阻率。与纯铜箔相比，含有 50 mg/L CNT 的铜箔表现出最佳的综合性能，抗拉强度达到 550 MPa（25 °C），伸长率为 4.9 %（25 °C）和 13.2 %（180 °C），分别提高了 66.7 %、88.5 % 和 135.7 %。载荷传递和奥罗恩机制共同增强了 CCF。在室温和高温条件下，CCF 的伸长率随碳纳米管含量的变化而稳定，这可能归因于碳纳米管的 "拉出 "效应。研究还探讨了 CCFs 在印刷电路板和锂离子电池中的潜在应用，CNTs 的使用可能会导致表面褪色、针孔和焊接可靠性受损等不良影响。低剂量 CNT 的 CCF 显示出良好的整体性能，为未来的研究指明了一条可行的道路。

{"title":"Preparation, properties, and application exploration of electrolytic Cu-CNTs composite foils","authors":"Yu Wang , Zixuan Tan , Yujie Li , Linzhi He , Yong Zhang , Xiaowu Hu , Jie Chen , Meirong Yi , Guangbin Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced Cu matrix composites are a hotspot of current research, but the majority of them are bulk samples by sintered or die-cast formed. There are few works on preparing large-size and ultrathin Cu-CNTs composite foils (CCFs) by electrodeposition with the process and environment imitating industrial production of electrolytic Cu foils, and investigating the properties and application potential of CCFs. Herein, large-sized and ultrathin CCFs were prepared via electrodeposition with a high current density (0.5 A/cm<sup>2</sup>), a short deposition time (120 s), and a large volume of circulating electrolyte (70 L). The microstructure, mechanical properties, surface roughness, and resistivity of the CCFs were investigated. The foils with CNTs of 50 mg/L exhibited the best overall performance, with a tensile strength of 550 MPa (25 °C) and elongations of 4.9 % (25 °C) and 13.2 % (180 °C), representing improvements of 66.7 %, 88.5 %, and 135.7 % respectively, compared with that of the pure Cu foil. Load transfer and the Orowan mechanism together strengthened the CCFs. The elongation of CCFs demonstrated stability in response to the content of CNTs both at room and at elevated temperatures, which may be attributed to the “pulled out” effect of CNTs. The potential applications of CCFs in printed circuit boards and lithium-ion batteries were explored, the use of CNTs may lead to adverse effects such as surface discoloration, pinholes, and compromised soldering reliability. The CCFs with a low dosage of CNTs showed promising overall performance, indicating a viable pathway for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 114855"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Kikuchi diffraction geometries in the scanning electron microscope

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114853

Tianbi Zhang , Lukas Berners , Jakub Holzer , T. Ben Britton

Recent advances in scanning electron microscope (SEM) based Kikuchi diffraction have demonstrated the important potential for transmission and reflection methods, like transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Furthermore, with the advent of compact direct electron detectors (DED) it has been possible to place the detector in a variety of configurations within the SEM chamber. This motivates the present work where we explore the similarities and differences of the different geometries that include on-axis TKD & off-axis TKD using electron transparent samples, as well as more conventional EBSD. Furthermore, we compare these with the newest method called “reflection Kikuchi diffraction” RKD where the sample is placed flat in the chamber and the detector is placed below the pole piece. Through remapping collected diffraction patterns, all these methods can be used to generate an experimental “diffraction sphere” that can be used to explore diffraction from any scattering vector from the unit cell, as well as the ability to perform band profile analysis. This diffraction sphere approach enables us to further probe specific differences between the methods, including for example thickness effects in TKD that can result in the generation of diffraction spots, as well as electron scattering path length effects that result in excess and deficiency variations, as well as inversion of bands in experimental patterns.

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引用次数: 0

Effect of interlayer temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of new Co-Free maraging steel fabricated by arc-based directed energy deposition

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114851

Pengfei Gao , Jikang Fan , Baihao Cai , Jian Zhang , Dongqing Yang , Yong Peng , Kehong Wang

To establish process standards for arc-based directed energy deposition (DED-Arc) of the self-developed, low-cost Co-free maraging steel welding wire, the effect of different interlayer temperatures (50 °C and 350 °C) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thin-walled components was studied. At an interlayer temperature of 50 °C, the average grain size of the specimens reached 14.06 μm, with high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) accounting for 49.5 %. The austenite content was 6.8 %, and the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density was 1.99 × 10¹⁴ m⁻². When the interlayer temperature was increased to 350 °C, the average grain size increased significantly to 31.33 μm, accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of HAGBs to 45.5 %. Additionally, the austenite content rose to 11.8 %, while the GND density decreased to 1.71 × 10¹⁴ m⁻². For specimens tested at an interlayer temperature of 50 °C, the tensile strength in the X-direction reached 1211.8 MPa with an elongation of 11.7 %, while in the Z-direction, it was 1186.6 MPa with an elongation of 8.7 %. However, increasing the interlayer temperature to 350 °C resulted in a decrease in tensile strength to 996.8 MPa and an increase in elongation to 23.4 % for X-direction specimens. Similarly, in the Z-direction, the tensile strength decreased to 969.1 MPa with an elongation of 22.2 %. Notably, increasing the interlayer temperature from 50 °C to 350 °C significantly enhanced impact toughness by adding up to 42.5 J/cm² for X-direction specimens and by 32.4 J/cm² for Z-direction specimens. The microhardness values of the deposited components were 352.4 HV and 300.3 HV at interlayer temperatures of 50 °C and 350 °C, respectively.

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引用次数: 0

Effective strengthening and toughening in multi-principal elements alloy via Nb addition at elevated temperature 高温下通过添加铌实现多主元素合金的有效强化和增韧

IF 4.8 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114852

Y. Shi , S.N. Lan , J.Q. Yao , H.J. Huang , K. Wang , S.R. Li , X.W. Liu , Z.T. Fan

The strength-ductility trade-off of alloys has always been one of the key issues hindering the development of the metal industry. Herein, we found that the minor addition of Nb could strength FCC/BCC and BCC/B2 phase boundaries of multi-principal elements alloy (MPEA) and promoted the content of BCC phases. The ultimate tensile strength over 920 MPa with uniform elongation of 34.1 % at 873 K is accomplished in Fe_31.75Ni_27.75Cr₂₅Al₁₀Ti₅Nb_0.5 MPEA, which increased by 101.8 % in uniform elongation and 23.0 % in ultimate tensile strength in comparison to the Fe₃₂Ni₂₈Cr₂₅Al₁₀Ti₅ MPEA. These findings provide a microalloying strategy to upgrade high-temperature mechanical properties within a strength and ductility window perhaps more effectively than existing strengthening and toughening approaches.

引用次数: 0

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