Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115918
Xinxin Wang , Fan Zhang , Jianbao Zhang , Dexu Cui , Tao Yang , Weibing Wang , Wei Li , Jiarun Qu , Ke Hua , Haifeng Wang
<div><div>Elucidating the rapid solidification mechanisms in multi-principal element eutectic alloys remains a critical challenge. This study systematically explores the rapid solidification behavior of newly developed CoNiSn<sub>0.6</sub> eutectic medium-entropy alloy (EMEA) through in situ high-speed high-resolution imaging and characterizes its microstructures in detail by electron backscatter diffraction, revealing the nucleation mechanisms and growth modes governing microstructure evolution during non-equilibrium solidification. More generally, a consistent crystallographic orientation relationship (OR) between FCC phase and HCP phase, i.e., <span><math><msub><mfenced><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></mrow></mfenced><mi>HCP</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><mo>/</mo><msub><mfenced><mrow><mn>1</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfenced><mi>FCC</mi></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mfenced><mn>0001</mn></mfenced><mi>HCP</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><mo>/</mo><msub><mfenced><mn>110</mn></mfenced><mi>FCC</mi></msub></math></span>, is exhibited. Furthermore, twin ORs are observed in the HCP phase. At low undercooling, the twin OR is <span><math><mfenced><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfenced><mfenced><mrow><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>26</mn></mrow></mfenced></math></span>, whereas at intermediate undercooling, the twin ORs <span><math><mfenced><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfenced><mfenced><mrow><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>26</mn></mrow></mfenced></math></span>, <span><math><mfenced><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>4</mn></mrow></mfenced><mfenced><mrow><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>43</mn></mrow></mfenced></math></span> and <span><math><mfenced><mrow><mn>10</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfenced><mfenced><mrow><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>011</mn></mrow></mfenced></math></span> are observed between HCP phase in different colonies. A significant finding is that, at high undercooling, the HCP phase exhibits four distinct crystallographic orientations with mutual misorientations of approximately 70°/ <span><math><mo><</mo><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn><mo>></mo></math></span>. Based on this discovery, it was revealed for the first time that the FCC solid solution phase preferentially nucleates within the melt, while the HCP phase grows concurrently with the FCC phase rather than undergoing a solid-state phase transformation, thereby leading to the HCP phase with the aforementioned specific orientation relationship. Notably, both lamellar and anomalous eutectic microstructures demonstrate coupled growth. In light of these novel findings, which have not been systematically documented in the prior studies, th
{"title":"Decoding metastable microstructure formation in rapid solidification CoNiSn0.6 eutectic medium-entropy alloy through crystallographic insights","authors":"Xinxin Wang , Fan Zhang , Jianbao Zhang , Dexu Cui , Tao Yang , Weibing Wang , Wei Li , Jiarun Qu , Ke Hua , Haifeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elucidating the rapid solidification mechanisms in multi-principal element eutectic alloys remains a critical challenge. This study systematically explores the rapid solidification behavior of newly developed CoNiSn<sub>0.6</sub> eutectic medium-entropy alloy (EMEA) through in situ high-speed high-resolution imaging and characterizes its microstructures in detail by electron backscatter diffraction, revealing the nucleation mechanisms and growth modes governing microstructure evolution during non-equilibrium solidification. More generally, a consistent crystallographic orientation relationship (OR) between FCC phase and HCP phase, i.e., <span><math><msub><mfenced><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></mrow></mfenced><mi>HCP</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><mo>/</mo><msub><mfenced><mrow><mn>1</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfenced><mi>FCC</mi></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mfenced><mn>0001</mn></mfenced><mi>HCP</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><mo>/</mo><msub><mfenced><mn>110</mn></mfenced><mi>FCC</mi></msub></math></span>, is exhibited. Furthermore, twin ORs are observed in the HCP phase. At low undercooling, the twin OR is <span><math><mfenced><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfenced><mfenced><mrow><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>26</mn></mrow></mfenced></math></span>, whereas at intermediate undercooling, the twin ORs <span><math><mfenced><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>1</mn></mrow></mfenced><mfenced><mrow><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>26</mn></mrow></mfenced></math></span>, <span><math><mfenced><mrow><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>4</mn></mrow></mfenced><mfenced><mrow><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>43</mn></mrow></mfenced></math></span> and <span><math><mfenced><mrow><mn>10</mn><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>2</mn></mrow></mfenced><mfenced><mrow><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>011</mn></mrow></mfenced></math></span> are observed between HCP phase in different colonies. A significant finding is that, at high undercooling, the HCP phase exhibits four distinct crystallographic orientations with mutual misorientations of approximately 70°/ <span><math><mo><</mo><mn>11</mn><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn><mo>></mo></math></span>. Based on this discovery, it was revealed for the first time that the FCC solid solution phase preferentially nucleates within the melt, while the HCP phase grows concurrently with the FCC phase rather than undergoing a solid-state phase transformation, thereby leading to the HCP phase with the aforementioned specific orientation relationship. Notably, both lamellar and anomalous eutectic microstructures demonstrate coupled growth. In light of these novel findings, which have not been systematically documented in the prior studies, th","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 115918"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115958
Muhtadin Muhtadin , Hong-Chen Lin , Chuyuan Zheng , Douglas J. Rowland , Wei-Lun Zhang , Yin-Chi Chiu , Jung-Ting Tsai
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Influence of powder loading on Ti6Al4V microstructure and TiC formation via digital light processing” Materials Characterization 230 (2025) 115780","authors":"Muhtadin Muhtadin , Hong-Chen Lin , Chuyuan Zheng , Douglas J. Rowland , Wei-Lun Zhang , Yin-Chi Chiu , Jung-Ting Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115958","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 115958"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115931
Jiawang Zhao , Yunjie Wu , Hongchao Li , Mengmeng Zhao , Jinshan Li , Jun Wang
This study utilizes the temperature-dependent reduction of stacking fault energy in FCC high-entropy alloys (HEAs) to regulate deformation defects through cryogenic rolling and subsequent annealing, thereby enhancing the strength–ductility synergy of L12-strengthened HEAs. A precipitation-strengthened HEA, Al5Ti5Cr20Co35Ni34.9B0.1, was newly designed as a model system. Cryogenic rolling introduced a high density of dislocations and stacking faults, while subsequent annealing enabled partial recovery and rearrangement of these defects. The optimized sample (CRA20%) achieved an excellent balance of yield strength (1486 MPa) and elongation (12.1 %), superior to that of the room-temperature-rolled counterpart. Microstructural analysis revealed that the synergistic interaction between dislocations and stacking faults dominated the strengthening behavior. These findings demonstrate that defect engineering via cryogenic thermomechanical processing effectively tailors the mechanical response of L12-strengthened HEAs. The present work provides new insights into controlling deformation defects in precipitation-strengthened alloys and offers valuable insights for further strengthening of other alloys.
{"title":"Synergistic strengthening via high-density stacking faults and dislocations in cryo-processed L12-strengthened high-entropy alloys","authors":"Jiawang Zhao , Yunjie Wu , Hongchao Li , Mengmeng Zhao , Jinshan Li , Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study utilizes the temperature-dependent reduction of stacking fault energy in FCC high-entropy alloys (HEAs) to regulate deformation defects through cryogenic rolling and subsequent annealing, thereby enhancing the strength–ductility synergy of L1<sub>2</sub>-strengthened HEAs. A precipitation-strengthened HEA, Al<sub>5</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>Cr<sub>20</sub>Co<sub>35</sub>Ni<sub>34.9</sub>B<sub>0.1</sub>, was newly designed as a model system. Cryogenic rolling introduced a high density of dislocations and stacking faults, while subsequent annealing enabled partial recovery and rearrangement of these defects. The optimized sample (CRA20%) achieved an excellent balance of yield strength (1486 MPa) and elongation (12.1 %), superior to that of the room-temperature-rolled counterpart. Microstructural analysis revealed that the synergistic interaction between dislocations and stacking faults dominated the strengthening behavior. These findings demonstrate that defect engineering via cryogenic thermomechanical processing effectively tailors the mechanical response of L1<sub>2</sub>-strengthened HEAs. The present work provides new insights into controlling deformation defects in precipitation-strengthened alloys and offers valuable insights for further strengthening of other alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 115931"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115943
Zekai Liu , Chunyu Tong , Ting Yue , Qiang Lin , Bin Shen , Sulin Chen
Inconel 718 (IN718) alloy is widely recognized as an excellent aerospace material due to its excellent mechanical properties. However, the stringent demands of aerospace applications require further improvement in its mechanical and machining performance. To address this issue, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforced IN718 composite was fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques. The main purpose is to investigate the milling performance of GNPs-reinforced IN718 composite based on the analysis of its mechanical properties. Experimental results revealed that the hardness of GNPs-reinforced IN718 composite increased by 19.4 % compared to conventional IN718 under the same SLM parameter. Additionally, GNPs-reinforced IN718 composite demonstrated significant improvements in yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, with increases of 27.1 % and 17.9 %, respectively. These performance enhancements emphasize the effectiveness of GNPs as an enhancer in improving the IN718 grain structure. Milling experiments were conducted at different spindle speeds and feed rates to evaluate the machinability of GNPs-reinforced IN718 composite. The results indicated that the surface roughness of GNPs-reinforced IN718 composite was significantly reduced. In addition, it was found that the residual compressive stress in the GNPs-reinforced IN718 composite was much higher, with a numerical increment of nearly 180 MPa, representing a significant improvement compared to conventional IN718. In conclusion, GNPs-reinforced IN718 composite exhibits exceptional mechanical properties and machinability, making it a highly promising material for aerospace applications. Its enhanced hardness, strength and surface integrity after milling stress suggest significant potential for improving the fatigue performance of critical components and parts. This study proposes that GNPs can effectively refine the grain structure of IN718 and improve various properties of the alloy.
{"title":"Grain refining of IN718 alloy via graphene-mediated laser additive manufacturing with enhanced mechanical properties and machinability","authors":"Zekai Liu , Chunyu Tong , Ting Yue , Qiang Lin , Bin Shen , Sulin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inconel 718 (IN718) alloy is widely recognized as an excellent aerospace material due to its excellent mechanical properties. However, the stringent demands of aerospace applications require further improvement in its mechanical and machining performance. To address this issue, graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) reinforced IN718 composite was fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques. The main purpose is to investigate the milling performance of GNPs-reinforced IN718 composite based on the analysis of its mechanical properties. Experimental results revealed that the hardness of GNPs-reinforced IN718 composite increased by 19.4 % compared to conventional IN718 under the same SLM parameter. Additionally, GNPs-reinforced IN718 composite demonstrated significant improvements in yield strength and ultimate tensile strength, with increases of 27.1 % and 17.9 %, respectively. These performance enhancements emphasize the effectiveness of GNPs as an enhancer in improving the IN718 grain structure. Milling experiments were conducted at different spindle speeds and feed rates to evaluate the machinability of GNPs-reinforced IN718 composite. The results indicated that the surface roughness of GNPs-reinforced IN718 composite was significantly reduced. In addition, it was found that the residual compressive stress in the GNPs-reinforced IN718 composite was much higher, with a numerical increment of nearly 180 MPa, representing a significant improvement compared to conventional IN718. In conclusion, GNPs-reinforced IN718 composite exhibits exceptional mechanical properties and machinability, making it a highly promising material for aerospace applications. Its enhanced hardness, strength and surface integrity after milling stress suggest significant potential for improving the fatigue performance of critical components and parts. This study proposes that GNPs can effectively refine the grain structure of IN718 and improve various properties of the alloy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 115943"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115937
Olena Poliarus , Oleksandr Umanskyi , Maksym Ukrainets , Małgorzata Pomorska , Leonid Kapitanchuk , Łukasz Maj , Anna Jarzebska , Jerzy Morgiel
NiAl-TiB2 metal matrix composites (MMC) are planned for friction assemblies working at high temperatures (HT). Present experiment covered sintering NiAl and TiB2 (15 wt%) powders and its exposure to air at 500°С, 800°С, 1000°С for up to 90 min. The as-sintered material consisted of a NiAl intermetallic matrix with interspersed TiB2 faceted crystallites of sized < 10 μm. Exposing this composite to lower of applied temperatures (500 °C - 800 °C) caused that matrix was covered with a thin smooth oxide layer, while at higher temperatures (900 °C – 1000 °C) all these areas were filled with needle like crystallites. The TiB2 particles at lower temperature were also covered by thin needles / platelets, but at higher ones only cuboidal crystallites were formed over them. The AES indicated that the NiAl matrix was covered with complex Al2O3 oxides and AlBO2, whereas on the refractory TiB2 particles the globule-like Ti(Al)O and TiO2 oxides were found. Their thickness after exposition at 1000 °C for 1 min was estimated at ∼ 80 nm and ∼ 560 nm over matrix and borides, respectively. The TEM/EDS investigations including electron diffractions showed, that the exposure to oxidation turns most of TiB2 into rutile (r-TiO2) oxide, while whiskers grown over NiAl matrix belong to θ-Al2O3 type. All operating oxidation processes were limited into the near surface region meaning that this MMC has a good potential as it concerns its HT applications.
{"title":"Development of NiAl-15wt.%TiB2 metal matrix composite for high temperature application","authors":"Olena Poliarus , Oleksandr Umanskyi , Maksym Ukrainets , Małgorzata Pomorska , Leonid Kapitanchuk , Łukasz Maj , Anna Jarzebska , Jerzy Morgiel","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>NiAl-TiB<sub>2</sub> metal matrix composites (MMC) are planned for friction assemblies working at high temperatures (HT). Present experiment covered sintering NiAl and TiB<sub>2</sub> (15 wt%) powders and its exposure to air at 500°С, 800°С, 1000°С for up to 90 min. The as-sintered material consisted of a NiAl intermetallic matrix with interspersed TiB<sub>2</sub> faceted crystallites of sized < 10 μm. Exposing this composite to lower of applied temperatures (500 °C - 800 °C) caused that matrix was covered with a thin smooth oxide layer, while at higher temperatures (900 °C – 1000 °C) all these areas were filled with needle like crystallites. The TiB<sub>2</sub> particles at lower temperature were also covered by thin needles / platelets, but at higher ones only cuboidal crystallites were formed over them. The AES indicated that the NiAl matrix was covered with complex Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> oxides and AlBO<sub>2</sub>, whereas on the refractory TiB<sub>2</sub> particles the globule-like Ti(Al)O and TiO<sub>2</sub> oxides were found. Their thickness after exposition at 1000 °C for 1 min was estimated at ∼ 80 nm and ∼ 560 nm over matrix and borides, respectively. The TEM/EDS investigations including electron diffractions showed, that the exposure to oxidation turns most of TiB<sub>2</sub> into rutile (r-TiO<sub>2</sub>) oxide, while whiskers grown over NiAl matrix belong to θ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> type. All operating oxidation processes were limited into the near surface region meaning that this MMC has a good potential as it concerns its HT applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 115937"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115926
Chao Tang , Ruoyue Fan , Yu Zhang , Binghan Huang , Yixuan Ye , Haochun Duan , Jian Wang , Han Ding , Chang Ye
Residual stress is an inevitable byproduct of metal machining and manufacturing processes, often leading to structural instability. Achieving effective stress relaxation while preserving the underlying microstructure remains a significant challenge. In this study, we investigated the relaxation of residual stress in fine-grained Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) alloy through electropulsing treatment (EPT). Compressive residual stress and refined microstructure were intentionally introduced using ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM). A series of orthogonal experiments revealed that current frequency and current density are the most influential EPT parameters in promoting stress relaxation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and kernel average misorientation (KAM) analysis confirmed that stress relaxation—up to approximately 92 %—is primarily driven by the relief of microstrains accumulated within grains. Furthermore, it was observed that the sub-grain boundaries transformed into new grain boundaries, subdividing the grains into smaller ones. This indicates that EPT can effectively relieve residual stress without enlarging the grains.
{"title":"Electropulsing-driven rapid residual stress relaxation in fine-grained Ti64 alloy","authors":"Chao Tang , Ruoyue Fan , Yu Zhang , Binghan Huang , Yixuan Ye , Haochun Duan , Jian Wang , Han Ding , Chang Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Residual stress is an inevitable byproduct of metal machining and manufacturing processes, often leading to structural instability. Achieving effective stress relaxation while preserving the underlying microstructure remains a significant challenge. In this study, we investigated the relaxation of residual stress in fine-grained Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) alloy through electropulsing treatment (EPT). Compressive residual stress and refined microstructure were intentionally introduced using ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM). A series of orthogonal experiments revealed that current frequency and current density are the most influential EPT parameters in promoting stress relaxation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and kernel average misorientation (KAM) analysis confirmed that stress relaxation—up to approximately 92 %—is primarily driven by the relief of microstrains accumulated within grains. Furthermore, it was observed that the sub-grain boundaries transformed into new grain boundaries, subdividing the grains into smaller ones. This indicates that EPT can effectively relieve residual stress without enlarging the grains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 115926"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115870
Yumeng Chen , Chenghao Wei , Kaixuan Chen , Weimin Wang , Mengru Yang , Chenyu Zhao , Xin Cui , Shoupan He , Xiaohua Chen , Yuzhi Zhu , Zidong Wang
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Microstructural and mechanical optimization of interface and aluminum matrix in an aluminum/steel bimetal via MEA coating and low temperature aging” [Materials Characterization 230 (2025) 115813]","authors":"Yumeng Chen , Chenghao Wei , Kaixuan Chen , Weimin Wang , Mengru Yang , Chenyu Zhao , Xin Cui , Shoupan He , Xiaohua Chen , Yuzhi Zhu , Zidong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115870","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 115870"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115959
Wenhao Wang , Lei Sun , Peng He , Liang Zhang , Jing Li , Shuye Zhang
The microstructure, melting behavior, wettability and mechanical properties of Sn58Bi-xIn/Cu (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 wt%) solder joints were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), spreading area method and electronic universal testing machine. The results revealed that adding submicron In particles effectively refined the microstructure of Sn58Bi/Cu solder joint, simultaneously increasing the thickness of interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) layer. The interfacial thickness increased from 0.822 μm to 1.126 μm when the amount of In particles was 0.3 wt%. With adding In particles, the melting temperature of Sn58Bi solder was decreased. Furthermore, the spreading area of the solder increased from 78.14 mm2 to 91.36 mm2 with the In content of 0.3 wt%. Sn58Bi-0.3In/Cu solder joint exhibited superior mechanical performances, achieving a shear strength of 45.47 MPa, which was 11.61 % higher than that of unmodified solder joint.
{"title":"Microstructure and performance enhancement of Sn58Bi solder joints on Cu substrate with submicron In particles addition","authors":"Wenhao Wang , Lei Sun , Peng He , Liang Zhang , Jing Li , Shuye Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microstructure, melting behavior, wettability and mechanical properties of Sn58Bi-xIn/Cu (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 wt%) solder joints were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), spreading area method and electronic universal testing machine. The results revealed that adding submicron In particles effectively refined the microstructure of Sn58Bi/Cu solder joint, simultaneously increasing the thickness of interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) layer. The interfacial thickness increased from 0.822 μm to 1.126 μm when the amount of In particles was 0.3 wt%. With adding In particles, the melting temperature of Sn58Bi solder was decreased. Furthermore, the spreading area of the solder increased from 78.14 mm<sup>2</sup> to 91.36 mm<sup>2</sup> with the In content of 0.3 wt%. Sn58Bi-0.3In/Cu solder joint exhibited superior mechanical performances, achieving a shear strength of 45.47 MPa, which was 11.61 % higher than that of unmodified solder joint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 115959"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115936
Taha Waqar , Emanuel Santos , Paulo Assuncao , Hanwen Yang , Haiou Jin , Nafiseh Zaker , Babak Shalchi-Amirkhiz , Mark A. Easton , Adrian Gerlich , Michael J. Benoit
This study investigates the microstructure, mechanical properties, and precipitation strengthening response of Al 7075 wire inoculated with TiC nanoparticles and processed via arc-directed energy deposition (arc-DED). The results demonstrate that the addition of TiC promotes grain refinement in the as-printed material, resulting in a fine equiaxed microstructure with minimal porosity and the absence of solidification cracks. Grain refinement was primarily attributed to heterogeneous nucleation and grain boundary pinning by TiC clusters. Nevertheless, the as-printed state exhibited predominantly brittle fracture due to intergranular cracking along TiC-decorated grain boundaries. Moreover, TiC inoculants influenced solute redistribution, resulting in segregation of Mg and Cr towards clusters of TiC, which in turn altered the precipitation behavior during aging. Heat-treated samples revealed the co-formation of nanoscale MgZn₂ strengthening precipitates and the E-phase (Al18Mg3Cr2), with the latter contributing to the heterogeneous distribution of precipitates and an improvement in strength. These findings highlight both the benefits and challenges of TiC inoculation in tailoring microstructure and age-hardening response in arc-DED processed Al 7075 alloys.
{"title":"On the microstructure and aging response of TiC inoculated Al 7075 fabricated by arc directed energy deposition","authors":"Taha Waqar , Emanuel Santos , Paulo Assuncao , Hanwen Yang , Haiou Jin , Nafiseh Zaker , Babak Shalchi-Amirkhiz , Mark A. Easton , Adrian Gerlich , Michael J. Benoit","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the microstructure, mechanical properties, and precipitation strengthening response of Al 7075 wire inoculated with TiC nanoparticles and processed via arc-directed energy deposition (arc-DED). The results demonstrate that the addition of TiC promotes grain refinement in the as-printed material, resulting in a fine equiaxed microstructure with minimal porosity and the absence of solidification cracks. Grain refinement was primarily attributed to heterogeneous nucleation and grain boundary pinning by TiC clusters. Nevertheless, the as-printed state exhibited predominantly brittle fracture due to intergranular cracking along TiC-decorated grain boundaries. Moreover, TiC inoculants influenced solute redistribution, resulting in segregation of Mg and Cr towards clusters of TiC, which in turn altered the precipitation behavior during aging. Heat-treated samples revealed the co-formation of nanoscale MgZn₂ strengthening precipitates and the <em>E</em>-phase (Al<sub>18</sub>Mg<sub>3</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>), with the latter contributing to the heterogeneous distribution of precipitates and an improvement in strength. These findings highlight both the benefits and challenges of TiC inoculation in tailoring microstructure and age-hardening response in arc-DED processed Al 7075 alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 115936"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115960
Haohao Luo , Fei Han , Guangze Tang , Ling Zhang , Yi Ma
X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) enables precise characterization of internal defects in additively manufactured (AM) components but is hindered by long scanning times, limiting its suitability for high-throughput applications. This study proposes a deep learning-enhanced characterization method that integrates a long−/short-exposure μ-CT scanning strategy to achieve both speed and accuracy. High-quality long-exposure images were aligned with rapid short-exposure images to construct training datasets, and a U-Net convolutional neural network was trained to reconstruct high-precision 3D models from short-exposure data. The approach reduces scanning time by approximately 85 %. Using Ti-6Al-4 V body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice specimens as validation cases, three finite element models were established to evaluate geometric fidelity and mechanical accuracy. The reconstructed models achieved thickness errors within 10 μm and produced compression response predictions in close agreement with experimental results. A systematic evaluation of exposure times demonstrated that images with ≥1 s exposure achieved signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) above 15, meeting structural characterization requirements. Overall, this method provides an efficient and scalable solution for μ-CT characterization of complex AM components, enabling reliable high-throughput quality control without compromising accuracy.
{"title":"Deep learning-enhanced rapid μ-CT characterization of additively manufactured components with a long-/short-exposure scanning strategy","authors":"Haohao Luo , Fei Han , Guangze Tang , Ling Zhang , Yi Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) enables precise characterization of internal defects in additively manufactured (AM) components but is hindered by long scanning times, limiting its suitability for high-throughput applications. This study proposes a deep learning-enhanced characterization method that integrates a long−/short-exposure μ-CT scanning strategy to achieve both speed and accuracy. High-quality long-exposure images were aligned with rapid short-exposure images to construct training datasets, and a U-Net convolutional neural network was trained to reconstruct high-precision 3D models from short-exposure data. The approach reduces scanning time by approximately 85 %. Using Ti-6Al-4 V body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice specimens as validation cases, three finite element models were established to evaluate geometric fidelity and mechanical accuracy. The reconstructed models achieved thickness errors within 10 μm and produced compression response predictions in close agreement with experimental results. A systematic evaluation of exposure times demonstrated that images with ≥1 s exposure achieved signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) above 15, meeting structural characterization requirements. Overall, this method provides an efficient and scalable solution for μ-CT characterization of complex AM components, enabling reliable high-throughput quality control without compromising accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"232 ","pages":"Article 115960"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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