Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3040043
M. Drozdova, T. Demina, O. A. Dregval, A. Gaidar, E. Andreeva, A. Zelenetskii, T. Akopova, E. Markvicheva
The aim of the study was to fabricate and characterize composite macroporous hydrogels based on a hyaluronic acid/chitosan (Hyal/Ch) polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) loaded with homogeneously distributed hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp), and to evaluate them in vitro using mouse fibroblasts (L929), osteoblast-like cells (HOS) and human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC). Hydrogel morphology as a function of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticle content was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The mean pore size in the Hyal/Ch hydrogel was 204 ± 25 μm. The entrapment of nHAp (1 and 5 wt. %) into the Hyal/Ch hydrogel led to a mean pore size decrease (94 ± 2 and 77 ± 9 μm, relatively). Swelling ratio and weight loss of the hydrogels in various aqueous media were found to increase with an enhancement of a medium ionic strength. Cell morphology and localization within the hydrogels was studied by CLSM. Cell viability depended upon the nHAp content and was evaluated by MTT-assay after 7 days of cultivation in the hydrogels. An increase of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles loading in a range of 1–10 wt. % resulted in an enhancement of cell growth and proliferation for all hydrogels. Maximum cell viability was obtained in case of the Hyal/Ch/nHAp-10 sample (10 wt. % nHAp), while a minimal cell number was found for the Hyal/Ch/nHAp-1 hydrogel (1 wt. % nHAp). Thus, the proposed simple original technique and the design of PEC hydrogels could be promising for tissue engineering, in particular for bone tissue repair.
{"title":"Macroporous Hyaluronic Acid/Chitosan Polyelectrolyte Complex-Based Hydrogels Loaded with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation","authors":"M. Drozdova, T. Demina, O. A. Dregval, A. Gaidar, E. Andreeva, A. Zelenetskii, T. Akopova, E. Markvicheva","doi":"10.3390/polysaccharides3040043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides3040043","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to fabricate and characterize composite macroporous hydrogels based on a hyaluronic acid/chitosan (Hyal/Ch) polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) loaded with homogeneously distributed hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp), and to evaluate them in vitro using mouse fibroblasts (L929), osteoblast-like cells (HOS) and human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC). Hydrogel morphology as a function of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticle content was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The mean pore size in the Hyal/Ch hydrogel was 204 ± 25 μm. The entrapment of nHAp (1 and 5 wt. %) into the Hyal/Ch hydrogel led to a mean pore size decrease (94 ± 2 and 77 ± 9 μm, relatively). Swelling ratio and weight loss of the hydrogels in various aqueous media were found to increase with an enhancement of a medium ionic strength. Cell morphology and localization within the hydrogels was studied by CLSM. Cell viability depended upon the nHAp content and was evaluated by MTT-assay after 7 days of cultivation in the hydrogels. An increase of the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles loading in a range of 1–10 wt. % resulted in an enhancement of cell growth and proliferation for all hydrogels. Maximum cell viability was obtained in case of the Hyal/Ch/nHAp-10 sample (10 wt. % nHAp), while a minimal cell number was found for the Hyal/Ch/nHAp-1 hydrogel (1 wt. % nHAp). Thus, the proposed simple original technique and the design of PEC hydrogels could be promising for tissue engineering, in particular for bone tissue repair.","PeriodicalId":18775,"journal":{"name":"Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76897018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3040041
Samiris Côcco Teixeira, T. V. D. Oliveira, Laís Fernanda Batista, R. R. Silva, Matheus de Paula Lopes, Alane Rafaela Costa Ribeiro, Thaís Caroline Buttow Rigolon, P. Stringheta, N. Soares
Food that is still fit for consumption is wasted in the domestic environment every day, so food packaging technologies are being developed that will monitor the quality of the products in real time. Highly perishable milk is currently one of the products that suffers most from this waste, due to its short shelf life. Active use-by date (AUBD) indicators have been shown to discriminate between fresh and spoiled milk. Colorimetric indicators undergo characteristic changes in their chemical structure, causing abrupt color changes. Among the polymeric materials studied that may function as solid support are cellulose acetate (CA) and agar-agar (AA). The AA colorimetric indicator proved to be more suitable as a solid support due to its ability to maintain the color change properties of the anthocyanin and its high colorimetric performance. The technique was shown to be capable of indicating, in real time, changes in milk quality.
{"title":"Anthocyanins of Açaí Applied as a Colorimetric Indicator of Milk Spoilage: A Study Using Agar-Agar and Cellulose Acetate as Solid Support to Be Applied in Packaging","authors":"Samiris Côcco Teixeira, T. V. D. Oliveira, Laís Fernanda Batista, R. R. Silva, Matheus de Paula Lopes, Alane Rafaela Costa Ribeiro, Thaís Caroline Buttow Rigolon, P. Stringheta, N. Soares","doi":"10.3390/polysaccharides3040041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides3040041","url":null,"abstract":"Food that is still fit for consumption is wasted in the domestic environment every day, so food packaging technologies are being developed that will monitor the quality of the products in real time. Highly perishable milk is currently one of the products that suffers most from this waste, due to its short shelf life. Active use-by date (AUBD) indicators have been shown to discriminate between fresh and spoiled milk. Colorimetric indicators undergo characteristic changes in their chemical structure, causing abrupt color changes. Among the polymeric materials studied that may function as solid support are cellulose acetate (CA) and agar-agar (AA). The AA colorimetric indicator proved to be more suitable as a solid support due to its ability to maintain the color change properties of the anthocyanin and its high colorimetric performance. The technique was shown to be capable of indicating, in real time, changes in milk quality.","PeriodicalId":18775,"journal":{"name":"Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90535791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-26DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3040040
S. Farhaj, Theodora L. Agbotui, Jorabar Singh Nirwan, Q. Mahmood, A. Yousaf, T. Hussain, Y. Shahzad, Nemat Khan, B. Conway, M. U. Ghori
Colon cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide, followed by lung and breast cancer. Conventional treatment methods are associated with numerous side effects and compliance issues. Thus, colon targeted drug delivery has gained much attention due to its evident advantages. Although many technologies have been explored, the use of pH-sensitive polymers, especially biodegradable polymers, holds exceptional promise. This review aims to collate research articles concerning recent advances in this area. A systematic search using multiple databases (Google Scholar, EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE and Scopus) was carried out following the preferred reported items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with an aim to explore the use of pH-sensitive carbohydrate polymers in developing colon targeted pharmaceutical formulations. Following screening and quality assessment for eligibility, 42 studies were included, exploring either single or a combination of carbohydrate polymers to develop targeted formulations for colon cancer therapy. Pectin (11) is the most widely used of these biopolymers, followed by chitosan (09), alginate (09) and guar gum (08). This systematic review has successfully gathered experimental evidence highlighting the importance of employing carbohydrate polymers in developing targeting formulations to manage colon cancer.
{"title":"Carbohydrate Polymer-Based Targeted Pharmaceutical Formulations for Colorectal Cancer: Systematic Review of the Literature","authors":"S. Farhaj, Theodora L. Agbotui, Jorabar Singh Nirwan, Q. Mahmood, A. Yousaf, T. Hussain, Y. Shahzad, Nemat Khan, B. Conway, M. U. Ghori","doi":"10.3390/polysaccharides3040040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides3040040","url":null,"abstract":"Colon cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide, followed by lung and breast cancer. Conventional treatment methods are associated with numerous side effects and compliance issues. Thus, colon targeted drug delivery has gained much attention due to its evident advantages. Although many technologies have been explored, the use of pH-sensitive polymers, especially biodegradable polymers, holds exceptional promise. This review aims to collate research articles concerning recent advances in this area. A systematic search using multiple databases (Google Scholar, EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE and Scopus) was carried out following the preferred reported items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines with an aim to explore the use of pH-sensitive carbohydrate polymers in developing colon targeted pharmaceutical formulations. Following screening and quality assessment for eligibility, 42 studies were included, exploring either single or a combination of carbohydrate polymers to develop targeted formulations for colon cancer therapy. Pectin (11) is the most widely used of these biopolymers, followed by chitosan (09), alginate (09) and guar gum (08). This systematic review has successfully gathered experimental evidence highlighting the importance of employing carbohydrate polymers in developing targeting formulations to manage colon cancer.","PeriodicalId":18775,"journal":{"name":"Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78667100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3040039
S. Taokaew, Worawut Kriangkrai
Cellulose-based materials have attracted great attention due to the demand for eco-friendly materials and renewable energy alternatives. An increase in the use of these materials is expected in the coming years due to progressive decline in the supply of petrochemicals. Based on the limitations of cellulose in terms of dissolution/processing, and focused on green chemistry, new cellulose production techniques are emerging, such as dissolution and functionalization in ionic liquids which are known as green solvents. This review summarizes the recent ionic liquids used in processing cellulose, including pretreatment, hydrolysis, functionalization, and conversion into bio-based platform chemicals. The recent literatures investigating the progress that ILs have made in their transition from academia to commercial application of cellulosic biomass are also reviewed.
{"title":"Recent Progress in Processing Cellulose Using Ionic Liquids as Solvents","authors":"S. Taokaew, Worawut Kriangkrai","doi":"10.3390/polysaccharides3040039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides3040039","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose-based materials have attracted great attention due to the demand for eco-friendly materials and renewable energy alternatives. An increase in the use of these materials is expected in the coming years due to progressive decline in the supply of petrochemicals. Based on the limitations of cellulose in terms of dissolution/processing, and focused on green chemistry, new cellulose production techniques are emerging, such as dissolution and functionalization in ionic liquids which are known as green solvents. This review summarizes the recent ionic liquids used in processing cellulose, including pretreatment, hydrolysis, functionalization, and conversion into bio-based platform chemicals. The recent literatures investigating the progress that ILs have made in their transition from academia to commercial application of cellulosic biomass are also reviewed.","PeriodicalId":18775,"journal":{"name":"Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86617049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-19DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3030038
Natun Dasgupta, Milind Ajith Nayak, M. Gauthier
The photocatalytic Fenton process, which produces a strong oxidant in the form of hydroxyl radicals, is a useful method to degrade organic contaminants in water. The Fenton reaction uses hydrogen peroxide and Fe2+ ions under relatively acidic conditions (typically pH 2–3) to maintain solubility of the iron catalyst but is troublesome due to the large volumes of decontaminated yet highly acidic water generated. Starch-stabilized iron (Fe2+/Fe3+) oxide nanoparticles were synthesized to serve as a colloidal catalyst system as the hydrophilic starch effectively prevents precipitation of the nanoparticles under conditions closer to neutrality. To evaluate the usefulness of this catalyst system for the photo-Fenton degradation of methylene blue as a model dye, the preparation protocol used and the iron loading in the starch were varied. The photocatalytic Fenton reaction was investigated at pH values up to 4. Not only were the starch-stabilized catalysts able to decolorize the dye but also to mineralize it in part, that is, to degrade it to carbon dioxide and water. The catalysts could be reused in several degradation cycles. This demonstrates that starch is an efficient stabilizer for iron oxide nanoparticles in aqueous media, enabling their use as environmentally friendly and cost-effective photo-Fenton catalysts. These starch-stabilized iron nanoparticles may also be useful to degrade other dyes and pollutants in water, such as pesticides.
{"title":"Starch-Stabilized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue","authors":"Natun Dasgupta, Milind Ajith Nayak, M. Gauthier","doi":"10.3390/polysaccharides3030038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides3030038","url":null,"abstract":"The photocatalytic Fenton process, which produces a strong oxidant in the form of hydroxyl radicals, is a useful method to degrade organic contaminants in water. The Fenton reaction uses hydrogen peroxide and Fe2+ ions under relatively acidic conditions (typically pH 2–3) to maintain solubility of the iron catalyst but is troublesome due to the large volumes of decontaminated yet highly acidic water generated. Starch-stabilized iron (Fe2+/Fe3+) oxide nanoparticles were synthesized to serve as a colloidal catalyst system as the hydrophilic starch effectively prevents precipitation of the nanoparticles under conditions closer to neutrality. To evaluate the usefulness of this catalyst system for the photo-Fenton degradation of methylene blue as a model dye, the preparation protocol used and the iron loading in the starch were varied. The photocatalytic Fenton reaction was investigated at pH values up to 4. Not only were the starch-stabilized catalysts able to decolorize the dye but also to mineralize it in part, that is, to degrade it to carbon dioxide and water. The catalysts could be reused in several degradation cycles. This demonstrates that starch is an efficient stabilizer for iron oxide nanoparticles in aqueous media, enabling their use as environmentally friendly and cost-effective photo-Fenton catalysts. These starch-stabilized iron nanoparticles may also be useful to degrade other dyes and pollutants in water, such as pesticides.","PeriodicalId":18775,"journal":{"name":"Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84067896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-08DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3030037
Sagar Salave, Dhwani Rana, A. Sharma, K. Bharathi, R. Gupta, Shubhangi Khode, Derajram Benival, Nagavendra Kommineni
Implantable drug delivery systems advocate a wide array of potential benefits, including effective administration of drugs at lower concentrations and fewer side-effects whilst increasing patient compliance. Amongst several polymers used for fabricating implants, biopolymers such as polysaccharides are known for modulating drug delivery attributes as desired. The review describes the strategies employed for the development of polysaccharide-based implants. A comprehensive understanding of several polysaccharide polymers such as starch, cellulose, alginate, chitosan, pullulan, carrageenan, dextran, hyaluronic acid, agar, pectin, gellan gum is presented. Moreover, biomedical applications of these polysaccharide-based implantable devices along with the recent advancements carried out in the development of these systems have been mentioned. Implants for the oral cavity, nasal cavity, bone, ocular use, and antiviral therapy have been discussed in detail. The regulatory considerations with respect to implantable drug delivery has also been emphasized in the present work. This article aims to provide insights into the developmental strategies for polysaccharide-based implants.
{"title":"Polysaccharide Based Implantable Drug Delivery: Development Strategies, Regulatory Requirements, and Future Perspectives","authors":"Sagar Salave, Dhwani Rana, A. Sharma, K. Bharathi, R. Gupta, Shubhangi Khode, Derajram Benival, Nagavendra Kommineni","doi":"10.3390/polysaccharides3030037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides3030037","url":null,"abstract":"Implantable drug delivery systems advocate a wide array of potential benefits, including effective administration of drugs at lower concentrations and fewer side-effects whilst increasing patient compliance. Amongst several polymers used for fabricating implants, biopolymers such as polysaccharides are known for modulating drug delivery attributes as desired. The review describes the strategies employed for the development of polysaccharide-based implants. A comprehensive understanding of several polysaccharide polymers such as starch, cellulose, alginate, chitosan, pullulan, carrageenan, dextran, hyaluronic acid, agar, pectin, gellan gum is presented. Moreover, biomedical applications of these polysaccharide-based implantable devices along with the recent advancements carried out in the development of these systems have been mentioned. Implants for the oral cavity, nasal cavity, bone, ocular use, and antiviral therapy have been discussed in detail. The regulatory considerations with respect to implantable drug delivery has also been emphasized in the present work. This article aims to provide insights into the developmental strategies for polysaccharide-based implants.","PeriodicalId":18775,"journal":{"name":"Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80175194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-07DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3030036
Bárbara Pereira, Filipe S. Matos, Bruno F. A. Valente, N. von Weymarn, T. Kamppuri, C. Freire, A. Silvestre, Carla Vilela
The global demand for sustainable textile fibers is growing and has led to an increasing research interest from both academia and industry to find effective solutions. In this research, regenerated wood pulp fibers were functionalized with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTAC) to produce modified regenerated cellulose with cationic pending groups for improved dye uptake. The resultant cationic cellulose with a degree of substitution (DS) between 0.13 and 0.33 exhibited distinct morphologies and contact angles with water ranging from 65.7° to 82.5° for the fibers with DS values of 0.13 and 0.33, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the modified regenerated cellulose fibers, albeit lower than the pristine ones, reached temperatures up to 220 °C. Additionally, the modified fibers showed higher dye exhaustion and dye fixation values than the non-modified ones, attaining maxima values of 89.3% ± 0.9% and 80.6% ± 1.3%, respectively, for the cationic fibers with a DS of 0.13. These values of dye exhaustion and dye fixation are ca. 34% and 77% higher than those obtained for the non-modified fibers. Overall, regenerated wood pulp cellulose fibers can be used, after cationization, as textiles fiber with enhanced dye uptake performance that might offer new options for dyeing treatments.
{"title":"From Regenerated Wood Pulp Fibers to Cationic Cellulose: Preparation, Characterization and Dyeing Properties","authors":"Bárbara Pereira, Filipe S. Matos, Bruno F. A. Valente, N. von Weymarn, T. Kamppuri, C. Freire, A. Silvestre, Carla Vilela","doi":"10.3390/polysaccharides3030036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides3030036","url":null,"abstract":"The global demand for sustainable textile fibers is growing and has led to an increasing research interest from both academia and industry to find effective solutions. In this research, regenerated wood pulp fibers were functionalized with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTAC) to produce modified regenerated cellulose with cationic pending groups for improved dye uptake. The resultant cationic cellulose with a degree of substitution (DS) between 0.13 and 0.33 exhibited distinct morphologies and contact angles with water ranging from 65.7° to 82.5° for the fibers with DS values of 0.13 and 0.33, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the modified regenerated cellulose fibers, albeit lower than the pristine ones, reached temperatures up to 220 °C. Additionally, the modified fibers showed higher dye exhaustion and dye fixation values than the non-modified ones, attaining maxima values of 89.3% ± 0.9% and 80.6% ± 1.3%, respectively, for the cationic fibers with a DS of 0.13. These values of dye exhaustion and dye fixation are ca. 34% and 77% higher than those obtained for the non-modified fibers. Overall, regenerated wood pulp cellulose fibers can be used, after cationization, as textiles fiber with enhanced dye uptake performance that might offer new options for dyeing treatments.","PeriodicalId":18775,"journal":{"name":"Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86671074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3030035
Berthold Reis, Konstantin B. L. Borchert, Martha Kafetzi, M. Müller, Karina Haro Carrasco, Niklas Gerlach, Christine Steinbach, S. Schwarz, R. Boldt, S. Pispas, Dana Schwarz
The purity and safety of water as a finite resource is highly important in order to meet current and future human needs. To address this issue, the usage of environmentally friendly and biodegradable adsorbers and flocculants is essential. Chitosan, as a biopolymer, features tremendous properties as an adsorber and flocculant for water treatment. For the application of chitosan as an adsorber under acidic aqueous conditions, such as acid mine drainage, chitosan has been modified with hydrophobic hexanoyl chloride (H-chitosan) to reduce the solubility at a lower pH. In order to investigate the influence of the substitution of the hexanoyl chloride on the adsorption properties of chitosan, two chitosans of different molecular weights and of three different functionalization degrees were analyzed for the adsorption of CdSO4(aq) and Al2(SO4)3(aq). Among biobased adsorbents, H-chitosan derived from the shorter Chitosan exhibited extraordinarily high maximum adsorption capacities of 1.74 mmol/g and 2.06 mmol/g for Cd2+ and sulfate, and 1.76 mmol/g and 2.60 mmol/g for Al3+ and sulfate, respectively.
{"title":"Ecofriendly Removal of Aluminum and Cadmium Sulfate Pollution by Adsorption on Hexanoyl-Modified Chitosan","authors":"Berthold Reis, Konstantin B. L. Borchert, Martha Kafetzi, M. Müller, Karina Haro Carrasco, Niklas Gerlach, Christine Steinbach, S. Schwarz, R. Boldt, S. Pispas, Dana Schwarz","doi":"10.3390/polysaccharides3030035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides3030035","url":null,"abstract":"The purity and safety of water as a finite resource is highly important in order to meet current and future human needs. To address this issue, the usage of environmentally friendly and biodegradable adsorbers and flocculants is essential. Chitosan, as a biopolymer, features tremendous properties as an adsorber and flocculant for water treatment. For the application of chitosan as an adsorber under acidic aqueous conditions, such as acid mine drainage, chitosan has been modified with hydrophobic hexanoyl chloride (H-chitosan) to reduce the solubility at a lower pH. In order to investigate the influence of the substitution of the hexanoyl chloride on the adsorption properties of chitosan, two chitosans of different molecular weights and of three different functionalization degrees were analyzed for the adsorption of CdSO4(aq) and Al2(SO4)3(aq). Among biobased adsorbents, H-chitosan derived from the shorter Chitosan exhibited extraordinarily high maximum adsorption capacities of 1.74 mmol/g and 2.06 mmol/g for Cd2+ and sulfate, and 1.76 mmol/g and 2.60 mmol/g for Al3+ and sulfate, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18775,"journal":{"name":"Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91202856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-14DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3030034
M. Zioga, A. Chroni, Vasiliki Evageliou
Edible films of three high methoxy pectins (DE: 70–75%) in the presence of dittany and anise infusions were studied. Apart from a commercial one, two more pectins, selected by their yield and DE from preliminary experiments on pectin extraction from orange peels using ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction or a combination of both, were used. Extracted pectins were darker, less surface active and had lower [η] and absolute zeta values. All three pectin solutions were Newtonian. Furthermore, all films had statistically the same thickness (~40 μm) and moisture content (~25.2%). For the same herbal infusion, all pectins resulted in films with the same density (~1.01 and ~1.19 g/cm3 for dittany and anise films, respectively). Values of 2–4.65 N and 76.62–191.80 kPa, for maximum force and modulus, respectively, were reported. The commercial pectin film with anise was the stronger, whereas that with dittany, the stiffer. Total phenolics content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (SA) were also measured for films and film-forming solutions (FFS). TPC values ranged from 0.035 to 0.157 mg GAE/0.5 mL and SA from ~62 to 91%. Films had greater TPC but lower SA than their FFS. The presence of both pectin and herbal infusions were significant for our observations.
{"title":"Utilisation of Pectins Extracted from Orange Peels by Non Conventional Methods in the Formation of Edible Films in the Presence of Herbal Infusions","authors":"M. Zioga, A. Chroni, Vasiliki Evageliou","doi":"10.3390/polysaccharides3030034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides3030034","url":null,"abstract":"Edible films of three high methoxy pectins (DE: 70–75%) in the presence of dittany and anise infusions were studied. Apart from a commercial one, two more pectins, selected by their yield and DE from preliminary experiments on pectin extraction from orange peels using ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction or a combination of both, were used. Extracted pectins were darker, less surface active and had lower [η] and absolute zeta values. All three pectin solutions were Newtonian. Furthermore, all films had statistically the same thickness (~40 μm) and moisture content (~25.2%). For the same herbal infusion, all pectins resulted in films with the same density (~1.01 and ~1.19 g/cm3 for dittany and anise films, respectively). Values of 2–4.65 N and 76.62–191.80 kPa, for maximum force and modulus, respectively, were reported. The commercial pectin film with anise was the stronger, whereas that with dittany, the stiffer. Total phenolics content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (SA) were also measured for films and film-forming solutions (FFS). TPC values ranged from 0.035 to 0.157 mg GAE/0.5 mL and SA from ~62 to 91%. Films had greater TPC but lower SA than their FFS. The presence of both pectin and herbal infusions were significant for our observations.","PeriodicalId":18775,"journal":{"name":"Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications","volume":"225 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75089017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.3390/polysaccharides3030033
Rahma Boughanmi, Konstantin B. L. Borchert, Christine Steinbach, M. Mayer, S. Schwarz, Anastasiya Svirepa, J. Schwarz, M. Mertig, Dana Schwarz
The adsorption of heavy metal ions from surface water with ecologically safe and biodegradable biopolymers is increasingly becoming an appealing research challenge. Starch as a biopolymer is exceptionally attractive to solve this problem for its low cost and abundant availability in nature. To expel Ni2+, Fe2+/3+, and Mn2+ from water, we analyzed two native and two oxidized starches, namely potato and corn starch, as bio-adsorbers. The morphology and the surface property of the different starches were studied using SEM. To assess the effectiveness of adsorption onto the starches, we tested three realistic concentrations based on German drinking water ordinance values that were 10-fold, 100-fold, and 1000-fold the limits for Mn2+, Fe2+, and Ni2+, respectively. The concentration of the different ions was measured using the ICP-OES. Furthermore, from subsequent investigations of the adsorption isotherms, we evaluated the adsorption capacities and mechanisms. The adsorption isotherms were fitted using the Langmuir, Sips, and Dubinin–Radushkevich models, whereby Sips showed the highest correlation. Oxidized potato starch achieved viable adsorption capacities of 77 µmol Fe2+/g, 84 µmol Mn2+/g, and 118 µmol Ni2+/g. Investigating the influence of initial swelling in water on the adsorption performance, we found that especially the percentage removal with oxidized starches decreased significantly due to the formation of hydrogen bonds with water molecules at their binding sites with prior swelling.
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