The term sustainable development includes a wide range of methods and objectives that must be provided and achieved to ensure the continuity of this development into the future and future generations. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the role of improved seeds, which are the most important production elements that contribute to increasing the expected production quantity of crops and improving its quality, The results of the analysis showed that production costs by ( 8.18%), either on the part of the returns The use of improved seeds in the production process led to an increase in the yield achieved from the production of wheat by (32.6%) compared to using traditional seeds, and this was achieved in two ways, the first of which was to increase the average productivity per dunum by (19.7%), as well as selling the final product at a higher price. (12%). From here we conclude that the use of improved seeds contributes to the development of the wheat crop in the short term first, to achieve meaningful profits for farmers, and then it will lead to the continued use of those seeds in the long term secondly, which contributes to achieving sustainable development.
{"title":"Economic analysis to Impact of Production and Maintenance of Improved Seeds on Achieving Sustainable Development","authors":"Mohammad Kh. M. Farhan, A. M. Khairy, Omar Abbas","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.3/40v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.3/40v","url":null,"abstract":"The term sustainable development includes a wide range of methods and objectives that must be provided and achieved to ensure the continuity of this development into the future and future generations. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the role of improved seeds, which are the most important production elements that contribute to increasing the expected production quantity of crops and improving its quality, The results of the analysis showed that production costs by ( 8.18%), either on the part of the returns The use of improved seeds in the production process led to an increase in the yield achieved from the production of wheat by (32.6%) compared to using traditional seeds, and this was achieved in two ways, the first of which was to increase the average productivity per dunum by (19.7%), as well as selling the final product at a higher price. (12%). From here we conclude that the use of improved seeds contributes to the development of the wheat crop in the short term first, to achieve meaningful profits for farmers, and then it will lead to the continued use of those seeds in the long term secondly, which contributes to achieving sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89036364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"The research was conducted in the lands of Qattara Imam Ali (peace be upon him) with an area of 6157.82 hectares located in the western desert of Iraq, which is 80 km from the city of Karbala towards the road leading to the Ain al-Tamr Oasis, 15 km south of the city of karbala and the location between longtitudes 44 47 58.21 , 32 33 28.01 north and toward lake razzazah , two latituides 44 45 15 96 and 32 30 59.17 west and towrads the White Valley, and using the satellite image taken from the Landsat8 satellite of the sensor (OLI) with eleven spectral beams, the first movement paths were chosen About 4722 AD and the second around 4025 ADThe results of the catographic analysis of the Soil Series Map showed that the highest soil series was the 113CCE series, and the largest area was 752.752 hectares of the estimated total area of 4064.956 hectares, with an area ratio of 18.518% and a frequency of 641, while the series 123CCM ranked second, followed by the series 123CCM, followed by the series 143CCM. , Followed by the series 133CCF, then the series 143CCF, followed by the series 153CCF, then the series CBE322, and finally the series 153CCF, with an area of 233,223 hectares, an area of 5.737% and a frequency of 478 "
{"title":"The use of geotechniques in studying the cartography of soil series of Imam Ali dropper","authors":"Haleema A.bdul Jabbar, A. Falah","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.3/46r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.3/46r","url":null,"abstract":"\"The research was conducted in the lands of Qattara Imam Ali (peace be upon him) with an area of 6157.82 hectares located in the western desert of Iraq, which is 80 km from the city of Karbala towards the road leading to the Ain al-Tamr Oasis, 15 km south of the city of karbala and the location between longtitudes 44 47 58.21 , 32 33 28.01 north and toward lake razzazah , two latituides 44 45 15 96 and 32 30 59.17 west and towrads the White Valley, and using the satellite image taken from the Landsat8 satellite of the sensor (OLI) with eleven spectral beams, the first movement paths were chosen About 4722 AD and the second around 4025 ADThe results of the catographic analysis of the Soil Series Map showed that the highest soil series was the 113CCE series, and the largest area was 752.752 hectares of the estimated total area of 4064.956 hectares, with an area ratio of 18.518% and a frequency of 641, while the series 123CCM ranked second, followed by the series 123CCM, followed by the series 143CCM. , Followed by the series 133CCF, then the series 143CCF, followed by the series 153CCF, then the series CBE322, and finally the series 153CCF, with an area of 233,223 hectares, an area of 5.737% and a frequency of 478 \"","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75567868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"This study was conducted in University of Tikrit during the 2019 agricultural season, to study the effect of treatment with rooting hormone, paraffin and fungicide on the success of cultivating the offshoots of two varieties of date palm (Khastawi and Zahdi) in Gypsifrious Soil. The experiment planned RCBD, with three replicates.. The cultivar had a significant effect on the studied traits, as the variety Khastawi outperformed in the percentage of success offshoots, leaf length, pinnae length and the number of roots as it reached 86.27%, 30.20 cm, 16.87 cm, 15.67 roots, respectively, while the Zahdi variety outperformed the average number of leaves as it gave an average of 3.80 a sheet. The rooting treatments had a significant effect, especially the treatment with the rooting hormone plofid and the fungicide Redomil, which gave to a significant increase in the studied traits represented in the percentage of success of the offshoots, the number of leaves, leaf length, pinnae length, length and number of roots, reaching 100%, 5.33 leaves, 35.33 cm, 19.83 cm. 17.00 cm, 21.50 root, respectively, while the comparison treatment gave the lowest average for the aforementioned traits. As for the effect of the interaction between the cultivar and the rooting treatments, the cultivar Khastawi and Zahdi in the treatment of the rooting hormone plofid and the fungicide the highest success rate of 100%, and the cultivar of Zahdi in the same treatment gave the highest rate of the number of leaves and the length of pinnae, while the variety Khastawi in the same treatment gave the highest rate of leaf length The length and number of roots, while in the comparison treatment, the ascetic variety gave the lowest success rate of 57.67%.
{"title":"Response of Two Cultivar of Date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. to the rooting treatments cultivated in Gypsifrious Soil","authors":"K. A. Al-Himdany","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.3/34i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.3/34i","url":null,"abstract":"\"This study was conducted in University of Tikrit during the 2019 agricultural season, to study the effect of treatment with rooting hormone, paraffin and fungicide on the success of cultivating the offshoots of two varieties of date palm (Khastawi and Zahdi) in Gypsifrious Soil. The experiment planned RCBD, with three replicates.. The cultivar had a significant effect on the studied traits, as the variety Khastawi outperformed in the percentage of success offshoots, leaf length, pinnae length and the number of roots as it reached 86.27%, 30.20 cm, 16.87 cm, 15.67 roots, respectively, while the Zahdi variety outperformed the average number of leaves as it gave an average of 3.80 a sheet. The rooting treatments had a significant effect, especially the treatment with the rooting hormone plofid and the fungicide Redomil, which gave to a significant increase in the studied traits represented in the percentage of success of the offshoots, the number of leaves, leaf length, pinnae length, length and number of roots, reaching 100%, 5.33 leaves, 35.33 cm, 19.83 cm. 17.00 cm, 21.50 root, respectively, while the comparison treatment gave the lowest average for the aforementioned traits. As for the effect of the interaction between the cultivar and the rooting treatments, the cultivar Khastawi and Zahdi in the treatment of the rooting hormone plofid and the fungicide the highest success rate of 100%, and the cultivar of Zahdi in the same treatment gave the highest rate of the number of leaves and the length of pinnae, while the variety Khastawi in the same treatment gave the highest rate of leaf length The length and number of roots, while in the comparison treatment, the ascetic variety gave the lowest success rate of 57.67%.","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77382696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"A field experiment was conducted in the experimental field affiliated to the college of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, The University of Baghdad, Jadrya during the spring season 2019 to invertigate the response of yield and quality traits of Four sunflower genotypes to the folic acid spray. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of three replicates within afactorial experiment order was used. The experiment included two factors , the first was represented by four sunflower genotypes ( Ishaqi1, Ishaqi2,Tarzan and Aqmar ) and the second by four folic acid concentrations (0,1,2 and 3 gm L-1 ) sprayed at the two plant stages , the first at 4 leaves ( for 75% of the total plants ), the second at the beginning of the appearance of flower buds . The results showed, Aqmar variety was superior in the diameter of disk, number of seed in disk and averages reached 22.77 cm, and 1225 seed respectively. Ishaqi2 was superior in 1000seed weight (82.66 gm), total seeds yield (5.138 Mg ha-1 ) and oil ratio in seed (44.01%) (2.262 Mg ha-1 ). Without significant differences with Aqmar var. in crop growth rate, seeds yield and biological yield. Spraying folic acid affected significantly the most yield and its comonents studied traits. The concentration 2 gm L-1 was superior in oil ratio number of seeds and plant yield with increasing ratio was 27.03%, 16.2% and 7.77% compard with comparsion respectivly. Wheras the plants treated by spraying 3 gm L-1 of folic acid gave the highest averages of the traits diameter of disk ( 22.34 cm ) fertility ratio ( 99.258% ) and 1000 seed weight ( 77.68 gm ) without significant differences in most traits with 2 gm L-1 concentration . Whereas the plants without spray gave the lowest average for most traits. The interaction between the two factors was its significant in yield and its componets (number of seeds and1000 seed weight).
{"title":"Response of yield and quality of four genotypes from sunflower to foliar spray with folic acid","authors":"Asraa Yaseen Eiliw, N. Zeboon","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.3/41j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.3/41j","url":null,"abstract":"\"A field experiment was conducted in the experimental field affiliated to the college of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, The University of Baghdad, Jadrya during the spring season 2019 to invertigate the response of yield and quality traits of Four sunflower genotypes to the folic acid spray. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) of three replicates within afactorial experiment order was used. The experiment included two factors , the first was represented by four sunflower genotypes ( Ishaqi1, Ishaqi2,Tarzan and Aqmar ) and the second by four folic acid concentrations (0,1,2 and 3 gm L-1 ) sprayed at the two plant stages , the first at 4 leaves ( for 75% of the total plants ), the second at the beginning of the appearance of flower buds . The results showed, Aqmar variety was superior in the diameter of disk, number of seed in disk and averages reached 22.77 cm, and 1225 seed respectively. Ishaqi2 was superior in 1000seed weight (82.66 gm), total seeds yield (5.138 Mg ha-1 ) and oil ratio in seed (44.01%) (2.262 Mg ha-1 ). Without significant differences with Aqmar var. in crop growth rate, seeds yield and biological yield. Spraying folic acid affected significantly the most yield and its comonents studied traits. The concentration 2 gm L-1 was superior in oil ratio number of seeds and plant yield with increasing ratio was 27.03%, 16.2% and 7.77% compard with comparsion respectivly. Wheras the plants treated by spraying 3 gm L-1 of folic acid gave the highest averages of the traits diameter of disk ( 22.34 cm ) fertility ratio ( 99.258% ) and 1000 seed weight ( 77.68 gm ) without significant differences in most traits with 2 gm L-1 concentration . Whereas the plants without spray gave the lowest average for most traits. The interaction between the two factors was its significant in yield and its componets (number of seeds and1000 seed weight).","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88882760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"A field experiment was carried out during autumn season of 2019 to study the effect of combination of mineral fertilizers, moringa leaf extract and tryptophan acid on yield and quality of three synthetic varieties of maize and the possibility of replacing part of the mineral fertilizers with these organic maters.The experiment included three synthetic varieties of maize (bohooth-5018, Baghdad-3 and Sumer) in the main plots and five fertilizer treatments(application mineral fertilizer as recommended, application 50% of mineral fertilizer + spraying moringa leaf extract at 3% , application 50% mineral fertilizer + spraying moringa leaf extract at 6% , application 50% mineral fertilizer + tryptophan acid at 50 ppm and application 50% mineral fertilizer + tryptophan acid at 100 ppm ) in the sub plots. The results showed that maize varieties had no-significant difference in all studied characters. Application 50% mineral fertilizer + spraying moringa leaf extract at 6% gave the highest grain yield(8.732 tan ha-1) and all its components (number of ears per plant, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row) and oil percentage (10.72%).While application 50% mineral fertilizer + tryptophan acid at 100 ppm was superior in weight of 500 grains (108.89 g) and protein percentage (3.91%)."
“2019年秋季进行了一项田间试验，研究了矿质肥、辣木叶提取物和色氨酸配施对3个合成玉米品种产量和品质的影响，以及用这些有机物代替部分矿质肥的可能性。试验采用3个玉米合成品种bohoot -5018、baghdad3和Sumer作为主田，5个施肥处理(按推荐用量施用矿肥、施用50%矿肥+喷洒3%辣木叶提取物、施用50%矿肥+喷洒6%辣木叶提取物、施用50%矿肥+色氨酸50 ppm和施用50%矿肥+色氨酸100 ppm)作为分田。结果表明，不同玉米品种间各项性状无显著差异。施用50%矿肥+喷施6%辣木叶提取物，籽粒产量最高(8.732 tan ha-1)，各组分(单株穗数、单穗行数、单行粒数)和出油率最高(10.72%)。而施用50%矿肥+ 100 ppm色氨酸在500粒重(108.89 g)和蛋白质含量(3.91%)方面具有优势。
{"title":"Effect of combinations of fertilizers on yield and quality of three maize varieties","authors":"Athir H. M. Al-Temimi, I. Al-Hilfy","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.3/29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.3/29","url":null,"abstract":"\"A field experiment was carried out during autumn season of 2019 to study the effect of combination of mineral fertilizers, moringa leaf extract and tryptophan acid on yield and quality of three synthetic varieties of maize and the possibility of replacing part of the mineral fertilizers with these organic maters.The experiment included three synthetic varieties of maize (bohooth-5018, Baghdad-3 and Sumer) in the main plots and five fertilizer treatments(application mineral fertilizer as recommended, application 50% of mineral fertilizer + spraying moringa leaf extract at 3% , application 50% mineral fertilizer + spraying moringa leaf extract at 6% , application 50% mineral fertilizer + tryptophan acid at 50 ppm and application 50% mineral fertilizer + tryptophan acid at 100 ppm ) in the sub plots. The results showed that maize varieties had no-significant difference in all studied characters. Application 50% mineral fertilizer + spraying moringa leaf extract at 6% gave the highest grain yield(8.732 tan ha-1) and all its components (number of ears per plant, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row) and oil percentage (10.72%).While application 50% mineral fertilizer + tryptophan acid at 100 ppm was superior in weight of 500 grains (108.89 g) and protein percentage (3.91%).\"","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80658682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"A newly proposed concept of soil physical quality and its development as a guide to assess the extent of soil degradation or improvement and to determine appropriate soil management. The study aimed to: evaluate the soil physical quality index of gypsiferous soils under different management systems as well as determine the optimal pore size distribution and the optimum moisture-tension curve based on the quality of the physical soil properties under different management systems and diagnose the distribution of pore sizes and moisture-tension curves that could be used to predict the changes in the physical quality of gypsiferous soils because of the applied agricultural management pattern. Physical indicators measured on undisturbed soil samples collected from 15 selected sites in Salah Aldeen Governorate, with different gypsum content (30 to 301 g kg-1 soil). The results showed that the best distribution of measured pore size (h) S *, (Normalized pore volume) was for a group of soils that were largely similar in terms of shape and location parameters. Accordingly, the optimal pore distribution considered representative of these soils. The results showed the possibility of using the (Dexter-S) indicator correctly and in coordination with the distribution of pore size and the soil moisture characteristic curve to calculate the physical soil quality in soils of different gypsum content.
“新提出的土壤物理质量及其发展概念，作为评估土壤退化或改善程度和确定适当土壤管理的指南。这项研究的目的是:评价不同管理制度下的石膏质土的土壤物理质量指标，根据不同管理制度下土壤物理性质的质量，确定最佳孔隙大小分布和最佳水分-张力曲线，诊断出孔隙大小和水分-张力曲线的分布，可用于预测应用农业管理模式对石膏质土物理质量的影响。对从Salah Aldeen省15个选定地点收集的未受干扰的土壤样品进行了物理指标测量，这些样品具有不同的石膏含量(30至301 g kg-1土壤)。结果表明，在一组形状和位置参数基本相似的土壤中，测量孔径(h) S *，(归一化孔体积)的最佳分布。因此，最佳孔隙分布被认为是这些土壤的代表性。结果表明，在不同石膏含量的土壤中，正确使用(Dexter-S)指标，并与孔隙大小分布和土壤水分特征曲线相协调，计算土壤物理质量是可能的。
{"title":"The use of pore volume characteristics and soil moisture release curve to determine physical quality of soils with different gypsum contents","authors":"A. Al-Kayssi, A. Salman","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.3/30s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.3/30s","url":null,"abstract":"\"A newly proposed concept of soil physical quality and its development as a guide to assess the extent of soil degradation or improvement and to determine appropriate soil management. The study aimed to: evaluate the soil physical quality index of gypsiferous soils under different management systems as well as determine the optimal pore size distribution and the optimum moisture-tension curve based on the quality of the physical soil properties under different management systems and diagnose the distribution of pore sizes and moisture-tension curves that could be used to predict the changes in the physical quality of gypsiferous soils because of the applied agricultural management pattern. Physical indicators measured on undisturbed soil samples collected from 15 selected sites in Salah Aldeen Governorate, with different gypsum content (30 to 301 g kg-1 soil). The results showed that the best distribution of measured pore size (h) S *, (Normalized pore volume) was for a group of soils that were largely similar in terms of shape and location parameters. Accordingly, the optimal pore distribution considered representative of these soils. The results showed the possibility of using the (Dexter-S) indicator correctly and in coordination with the distribution of pore size and the soil moisture characteristic curve to calculate the physical soil quality in soils of different gypsum content.","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83455172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"The agricultural sector in Iraq suffers from the phenomenon of increasing losses in the main cereal crops, including yellow corn, and the low percentage of the Industrialized from them, due to a set of internal and external factors surrounding these crops during the chain of production and marketing processes that these crops go through, among these factors are what can be controlled others can not be controlled, making the crop at the pity of all these factors combined. This is a waste of the resources that were used in their production, in addition to the losses incurred by producers of these crops. The research aimed to estimate the economic effects of the loss of the yellow corn crop in Babil province by selecting a random sample of farmers and marketers of the crop and designing a special questionnaire form for each type of these producers. The results showed that the total lost quantities of the maize crop at the province level amounted to about 34 thousand tons, resulting in total financial losses of about 10 billion Iraqi dinars, as it was possible to benefit from them at the province level generally in establishing complementary or competitive projects meet the growing needs of consumers and benefit producers in the province. The lost areas as a result of the production loss amounted to about 6504 dunums, which could have been used to grow other crops or to expand the cultivation of the existing crop. Accordingly, the research recommended the necessity for agricultural extension agencies to take their role in holding educational seminars for farmers, which feed into the services needed by the crop and introduce them to the different types of loss and ways to reduce it and reduce waste in scarce productive resources, which has the effect of increasing production rates.."
{"title":"The Economic Influences of Loss of Production and Marketing of Yellow Corn Crop in Iraq (Babil Province; a Case Study)","authors":"Amer S. Alnagar, Z. R. Kadhim","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.3/35p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.3/35p","url":null,"abstract":"\"The agricultural sector in Iraq suffers from the phenomenon of increasing losses in the main cereal crops, including yellow corn, and the low percentage of the Industrialized from them, due to a set of internal and external factors surrounding these crops during the chain of production and marketing processes that these crops go through, among these factors are what can be controlled others can not be controlled, making the crop at the pity of all these factors combined. This is a waste of the resources that were used in their production, in addition to the losses incurred by producers of these crops. The research aimed to estimate the economic effects of the loss of the yellow corn crop in Babil province by selecting a random sample of farmers and marketers of the crop and designing a special questionnaire form for each type of these producers. The results showed that the total lost quantities of the maize crop at the province level amounted to about 34 thousand tons, resulting in total financial losses of about 10 billion Iraqi dinars, as it was possible to benefit from them at the province level generally in establishing complementary or competitive projects meet the growing needs of consumers and benefit producers in the province. The lost areas as a result of the production loss amounted to about 6504 dunums, which could have been used to grow other crops or to expand the cultivation of the existing crop. Accordingly, the research recommended the necessity for agricultural extension agencies to take their role in holding educational seminars for farmers, which feed into the services needed by the crop and introduce them to the different types of loss and ways to reduce it and reduce waste in scarce productive resources, which has the effect of increasing production rates..\"","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88816559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"A field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad / Jadrya during the spring Season 2019 , to investigate the role of organic and Bio fertilizers on , yield and quality of sunflower crop , Aqmar variety .Using randomized replicates within a factorial experiment order was used . The Experiment included two factors , the first was represented spraing of organic matter ( Bilirubin ) by three concentration 1 , 2 and 3 ml L-1 in addition to the treatment of control ( without spraying ) , the second was represented foliar spray of the dry yeast at the three concentrations 1 , 2 and 3 gm L-1 in addition to the treatment of control (without spraying ) . All treatment were conducted in two stages , first at the stage of four leaves ( for 75% of the total plants ) , the second at the beginning of the emergence of flowering buds floral . The results Showed: Sprayin Bilirubin affected significantly on all yield and quality studied traits.. The plants which sprayed with 3 ml L-1 from bilirubin were recorded the highest of head diameter , percentage of fertility , number of seeds in head , weight of 1000 seed , and total yield seed an increasing 12.17% , 1.8% , 18.58% , 12.01% ,and 32.33% comparison and without significant differences with 2 ml L-1 concentrations .While the plants were spryed with 2 ml L-1 concentration from bilirubin was Superior in oil percentage in seed.The traits of yield and quality studied significantly increased with increase of yeast concentration , the highest of average at 3gm L-1 without signifeant difference with concentration 2 gm L-1 on the most of traits except weight of 1000 seed, 2 gm L-1 was superior average for total seed yield ,and oil percentage at spranig with 3 gm L-1 from yeast was 8.751 M gm ha-1 , and 44.88% respectiveiy comparsion with control treatment which recorded the lowest average for this traits 6.122 M gm ha-1 , 42.04% and 2.581 Mg ha-1 respectively . The interaction between the two factors was significantly in most studied yield traits except percentage fertility, number of seed in head."
“2019年春季，在农业工程科学学院/巴格达大学/贾德里亚实验田进行了一项田间试验，以调查有机和生物肥料对向日葵作物Aqmar品种产量和品质的作用。采用随机重复的阶乘试验顺序。”试验包括两个因素，一是在对照处理的基础上，以1、2、3 ml L-1浓度喷洒有机物质(胆红素)(不喷洒)，二是在对照处理的基础上，以1、2、3 gm L-1浓度的干酵母叶面喷洒(不喷洒)。所有处理分两个阶段进行，第一阶段是在四叶期(占植株总数的75%)，第二阶段是在花蕾开花开始时。结果表明:喷施胆红素对水稻产量和品质均有显著影响。与2 ml L-1浓度相比，3 ml L-1浓度的油菜籽粒直径、肥力率、穗粒数、千粒重和总产量分别提高了12.17%、1.8%、18.58%、12.01%和32.33%，而2 ml L-1浓度的油菜籽粒含油率优于2 ml L-1浓度的油菜籽粒。产量和品质性状的研究与酵母浓度的增加显著增加,最高的平均在3 l - 1通用没有signifeant不同浓度2通用l - 1在1000年的大部分特征除了重量种子,2通用l - 1优越的平均总种子产量、和石油比例在spranig 3通用l - 1从酵母8.751转基因农业,和44.88% respectiveiy学与控制治疗记录的最低平均特征6.122转基因农业,42.04%和2.581 Mg ha-1。除育性率、结实数外，其余产量性状均呈显著交互作用。
{"title":"Role of Organic and BioFertilizers on Yield and Quality of Sunflower Helianthus annuus L","authors":"A. Abed, N. Zeboon","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.3/42k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.3/42k","url":null,"abstract":"\"A field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad / Jadrya during the spring Season 2019 , to investigate the role of organic and Bio fertilizers on , yield and quality of sunflower crop , Aqmar variety .Using randomized replicates within a factorial experiment order was used . The Experiment included two factors , the first was represented spraing of organic matter ( Bilirubin ) by three concentration 1 , 2 and 3 ml L-1 in addition to the treatment of control ( without spraying ) , the second was represented foliar spray of the dry yeast at the three concentrations 1 , 2 and 3 gm L-1 in addition to the treatment of control (without spraying ) . All treatment were conducted in two stages , first at the stage of four leaves ( for 75% of the total plants ) , the second at the beginning of the emergence of flowering buds floral . The results Showed: Sprayin Bilirubin affected significantly on all yield and quality studied traits.. The plants which sprayed with 3 ml L-1 from bilirubin were recorded the highest of head diameter , percentage of fertility , number of seeds in head , weight of 1000 seed , and total yield seed an increasing 12.17% , 1.8% , 18.58% , 12.01% ,and 32.33% comparison and without significant differences with 2 ml L-1 concentrations .While the plants were spryed with 2 ml L-1 concentration from bilirubin was Superior in oil percentage in seed.The traits of yield and quality studied significantly increased with increase of yeast concentration , the highest of average at 3gm L-1 without signifeant difference with concentration 2 gm L-1 on the most of traits except weight of 1000 seed, 2 gm L-1 was superior average for total seed yield ,and oil percentage at spranig with 3 gm L-1 from yeast was 8.751 M gm ha-1 , and 44.88% respectiveiy comparsion with control treatment which recorded the lowest average for this traits 6.122 M gm ha-1 , 42.04% and 2.581 Mg ha-1 respectively . The interaction between the two factors was significantly in most studied yield traits except percentage fertility, number of seed in head.\"","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77561144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"A field experiment was conducted during the agricultural season of 2017-2018 in the site is located at 82"" 10' 33ᵒ North, and longitude 51"" 32' 44ᵒ , East at an altitude of 33m above sea level. In order to evaluate the productivity of irrigation water by method of cultivation on irrigated furrows, when growing crops of wheat. Two factors were experienced in the cultivation of wheat, The first factor is the method of cultivation of five treatments were used included: Treatment of the cultivation of wheat in basins (B), treatment of the cultivation of wheat on bed with 50 cm width (S1), 60cm (S2), 70cm (S3) and 80cm (S4), The second factor is irrigation levels depletion included: 40, 60 and 80% of available water coded as W1, W2 and W3, respectively,. The results were as follows: Actual water consumption values for basin and bed treatments reached 389, 384, 365, 369.20, 367and 341mm for treatment BW1, BW2, BW3,SW1, SW2 and SW3 respectively. Treatment of wheat crops on bed with 80 cm width gave the highest average field water use efficiency reached 6.84 kg m-3 while BW3 treatment gave lowest average field water use efficiency reached 1.47 kg m-3. The highest average crop water use efficiency were found in S4W1ٚ S4W2 reached 2.06 and 2.07 kg m-3, respectively, It was lowest value for crop water use efficiency at BW3 reached 1.06 kg m-3. The percentage increase in the average efficiency of crop water using for bed treatments 40.37, 57.80, 73.39 and 85.32% for treatments S1, S2, S3 and S4 respectively Compared with basin treatment (B).The highest average total grains yield for Treatment of wheat crops on bed with 80 cm width was 7253kg ha-1 , Irrigation levels also affected the total grains yield, irrigation treatment of depletion 40% gave highest average 6300 kg ha-1 , That did not differ significantly from the irrigation treatments of depletion 60% In which the total grain yield was reached 6228 kg ha-1 ,In the interference factors between the cultivation method and the irrigation levels, the interference factors excelled S4W1, S3W2 and S4W2 Without significant differences in the total yield average 7600,7310 and 7600 kg ha-1, Respectively"
试验于2017-2018年农作季节在北纬82"" 10' 33°，东经51"" 32' 44°，海拔33m的地点进行。为了评价小麦作物在灌溉沟上耕作时的灌溉水生产力。小麦的栽培经历了两个因素，第一个因素是采用五种处理的栽培方法，包括:在流域种植小麦的处理(B)，在50 cm (S1)， 60cm (S2)， 70cm (S3)和80cm (S4)的床上种植小麦的处理，第二个因素是灌溉水平枯竭，包括:40%，60%和80%的有效水分别编码为W1, W2和W3。结果表明:处理BW1、BW2、BW3、SW1、SW2、SW3的盆和床的实际耗水量分别为389、384、365、369.20、367和341mm;80 cm床宽处理的平均田间水分利用效率最高，为6.84 kg m-3, BW3处理的平均田间水分利用效率最低，为1.47 kg m-3。平均作物水分利用效率最高的是S4W1ٚ S4W2，分别达到2.06和2.07 kg m-3，最低的是BW3，达到1.06 kg m-3。与水盆处理相比，S1、S2、S3和S4处理的作物水分平均利用效率分别提高了40.37%、57.80%、73.39%和85.32% (B)。80 cm宽床上小麦作物的平均总产量最高，为7253kg ha-1，灌溉水平也影响籽粒总产量，枯竭40%的灌溉处理最高，平均产量为6300 kg ha-1;在栽培方式与灌溉水平的干扰因子中，干扰因子均优于S4W1、S3W2和S4W2，总产量平均值分别为7600、7310和7600 kg ha-1，差异不显著。
{"title":"Role of Raised Bed Technique on Water Productivity and Wheat and under the conditions of irrigated agriculture in central Iraq","authors":"A. Ati, H. A. Jabbar, Abd-alkareem hamad","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.3/33l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.3/33l","url":null,"abstract":"\"A field experiment was conducted during the agricultural season of 2017-2018 in the site is located at 82\"\" 10' 33ᵒ North, and longitude 51\"\" 32' 44ᵒ , East at an altitude of 33m above sea level. In order to evaluate the productivity of irrigation water by method of cultivation on irrigated furrows, when growing crops of wheat. Two factors were experienced in the cultivation of wheat, The first factor is the method of cultivation of five treatments were used included: Treatment of the cultivation of wheat in basins (B), treatment of the cultivation of wheat on bed with 50 cm width (S1), 60cm (S2), 70cm (S3) and 80cm (S4), The second factor is irrigation levels depletion included: 40, 60 and 80% of available water coded as W1, W2 and W3, respectively,. The results were as follows: Actual water consumption values for basin and bed treatments reached 389, 384, 365, 369.20, 367and 341mm for treatment BW1, BW2, BW3,SW1, SW2 and SW3 respectively. Treatment of wheat crops on bed with 80 cm width gave the highest average field water use efficiency reached 6.84 kg m-3 while BW3 treatment gave lowest average field water use efficiency reached 1.47 kg m-3. The highest average crop water use efficiency were found in S4W1ٚ S4W2 reached 2.06 and 2.07 kg m-3, respectively, It was lowest value for crop water use efficiency at BW3 reached 1.06 kg m-3. The percentage increase in the average efficiency of crop water using for bed treatments 40.37, 57.80, 73.39 and 85.32% for treatments S1, S2, S3 and S4 respectively Compared with basin treatment (B).The highest average total grains yield for Treatment of wheat crops on bed with 80 cm width was 7253kg ha-1 , Irrigation levels also affected the total grains yield, irrigation treatment of depletion 40% gave highest average 6300 kg ha-1 , That did not differ significantly from the irrigation treatments of depletion 60% In which the total grain yield was reached 6228 kg ha-1 ,In the interference factors between the cultivation method and the irrigation levels, the interference factors excelled S4W1, S3W2 and S4W2 Without significant differences in the total yield average 7600,7310 and 7600 kg ha-1, Respectively\"","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86214726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"A factorial experiment was carried out in the lab. college of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Baghdad Al- Jadiriyah during year of 2017 With the aim of improving the germination properties of Maize variety of Noor under water stress. According to the Completely randomize design (CRD) with three replications were used in both and two factors: first: it included water tensile treatments by exposing the seeds to a solution of polyethylene glycol PEG 6000 with three levels (0, -4 ,-8) Bar, while the second factor with three concentrations of the compound peroxide Hydrogen H2O2 with a concentration of 50% (0, 10 , 20 mg L-1). The results showed that water stress had a significant effect on the characteristics of Maize seedlings, as it reduced the level of water stress (-8) bar, the average germination percentage, Average 80.00%, Root Shoot length, 7.900 , 5.22 (cm), respectively, seedling dry weight 269.9 (mg seedlings-1) and Seed vigor index of drought resistance 0.781,while treatment with compound hydrogen peroxide H2O2 contributed to improving the characteristics of Maize seedlings significantly, as the seed soaking treatment at a concentration of 20 (mg L-1) recorded the highest germination rate of 89.44%, the feather length of 5.90 (cm), and the seedling dry weight 353.6 (mg seedlings-1). Germination and vigor index of drought resistant 1.089. We recommend to soak maize seeds with peroxide Hydrogen H2O2 (10 ) mg L-1 for 24 h before planting, especially under water stress."
{"title":"Study of the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide in improving the germination characteristics of maize seed under water stress","authors":"Sh. K. Abd Al-Hassan, Ahmed Hassan","doi":"10.52113/mjas04/8.3/39n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52113/mjas04/8.3/39n","url":null,"abstract":"\"A factorial experiment was carried out in the lab. college of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Baghdad Al- Jadiriyah during year of 2017 With the aim of improving the germination properties of Maize variety of Noor under water stress. According to the Completely randomize design (CRD) with three replications were used in both and two factors: first: it included water tensile treatments by exposing the seeds to a solution of polyethylene glycol PEG 6000 with three levels (0, -4 ,-8) Bar, while the second factor with three concentrations of the compound peroxide Hydrogen H2O2 with a concentration of 50% (0, 10 , 20 mg L-1). The results showed that water stress had a significant effect on the characteristics of Maize seedlings, as it reduced the level of water stress (-8) bar, the average germination percentage, Average 80.00%, Root Shoot length, 7.900 , 5.22 (cm), respectively, seedling dry weight 269.9 (mg seedlings-1) and Seed vigor index of drought resistance 0.781,while treatment with compound hydrogen peroxide H2O2 contributed to improving the characteristics of Maize seedlings significantly, as the seed soaking treatment at a concentration of 20 (mg L-1) recorded the highest germination rate of 89.44%, the feather length of 5.90 (cm), and the seedling dry weight 353.6 (mg seedlings-1). Germination and vigor index of drought resistant 1.089. We recommend to soak maize seeds with peroxide Hydrogen H2O2 (10 ) mg L-1 for 24 h before planting, especially under water stress.\"","PeriodicalId":18776,"journal":{"name":"Muthanna Journal for Agricultural Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84268841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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